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CN111463517B - Battery pack and floor treatment device having the same - Google Patents

Battery pack and floor treatment device having the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111463517B
CN111463517B CN202010021069.8A CN202010021069A CN111463517B CN 111463517 B CN111463517 B CN 111463517B CN 202010021069 A CN202010021069 A CN 202010021069A CN 111463517 B CN111463517 B CN 111463517B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
phase change
change material
cell
battery cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202010021069.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN111463517A (en
Inventor
V.贝兹索诺夫
A.肖尔沃尔德
N.斯滕泽尔
G.伊森伯格
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Original Assignee
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN111463517A publication Critical patent/CN111463517A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111463517B publication Critical patent/CN111463517B/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/28—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means
    • A47L9/2868—Arrangements for power supply of vacuum cleaners or the accessories thereof
    • A47L9/2884—Details of arrangements of batteries or their installation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4002—Installations of electric equipment
    • A47L11/4005—Arrangements of batteries or cells; Electric power supply arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/623—Portable devices, e.g. mobile telephones, cameras or pacemakers
    • H01M10/6235—Power tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00—Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery (1) comprising at least one battery cell (4) comprising two electrodes (3) and a cooling device (5) for cooling the battery cell (4), wherein the cooling device (5) comprises a phase-change material (6, 7) which is thermally conductively connected to at least one electrode (3) of the battery cell (4). In order to advantageously cool such a battery (1), it is proposed that the battery (1) has an array of a plurality of battery cells (4) arranged next to one another and/or in series, wherein the battery cells (4) arranged centrally in the array and/or heated more than the other battery cells (4) in the array are provided with a phase change material (6, 7) having a greater layer thickness and/or a greater area and/or a lower melting temperature than the phase change material (6, 7) of the other battery cells (4). The invention also relates to a floor treatment device (2) comprising a consumer (13) and a battery pack (1).

Description

Battery pack and floor treatment device having the same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery pack having at least one battery cell with two electrodes and a cooling device for cooling the battery cell, wherein the cooling device has a phase change material, which is thermally conductively connected to at least one electrode of the battery cell.
The invention further relates to a floor treatment system having a power consumer and a battery, wherein the battery has at least one battery cell with two poles and a cooling device for cooling the battery cell, which is used for supplying the power consumer with electrical energy.
Background
Battery packs are well known in the art. Such battery packs have one or more battery cells, which are usually surrounded by a battery pack housing, which additionally accommodates a battery management system for monitoring, regulating and protecting the battery pack, for example in order to detect the state of charge of the battery pack and to avoid overload charging or complete discharging of the battery pack.
As for a battery pack for a cleaning device, it is known in the prior art, for example, from DE 10 2015 109 954 A1, to guide a suction air flow generated by a fan of the cleaning device through a battery pack housing and in this case to sweep the suction air flow over the circumferential surfaces of the battery cells. In this case, the battery cells are cooled by their peripheral surfaces, wherein the outer winding of the battery cells is in principle better cooled than the inner winding. This uneven cooling effect needs to be taken into account in the design of the battery pack.
Furthermore, it is known from JP 2002-29669A to cool the electrodes of a battery by means of an exhaust air flow of a cleaning device, wherein the heat energy of the electrodes is transferred to the air flow.
In both cases, the cleaning device with the battery pack is designed such that the battery pack is cooled by the suction air flow of the cleaning device. The cooling device of the battery pack therefore does not operate independently of the suction operation of the cleaning device. In addition, battery packs cooled by phase change materials are also known from patent documents US 2011/0070774 A1 and US 2017/0077687 A1.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above prior art, the object of the present invention is to advantageously improve a battery pack having a cooling device.
In order to solve the technical problem, it is proposed that the battery has an array of a plurality of battery cells arranged next to one another and/or one behind the other, wherein the battery cells arranged centrally in the array and/or heated higher than the other battery cells in the array are provided with a phase change material having a greater layer thickness and/or a greater area and/or a lower melting temperature than the phase change material of the other battery cells. The phase change material of the battery may thus vary from battery cell to battery cell. The battery cells of the battery that are more severely heated, for example, the battery cells arranged in the array, i.e., in the center of the battery, may, for example, have a greater material thickness and/or a lower melting temperature. The phase change material associated with these battery cells can thus absorb more thermal energy or can absorb thermal energy at lower temperatures. The cooling device can thus be adapted particularly individually to the various requirements of the battery cells.
The battery cells are cooled by means of phase change materials through their electrodes, which typically are subjected to a greater thermal load than the circumferential surface. The battery cells can thus be cooled uniformly, in particular uniformly, at all points of the winding geometry. In addition, the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack can be cooled with the same effect, irrespective of the position of the battery cells in the battery pack. The thermal contact of the electrodes of the battery cells with the phase change material also enables a material-dependent design of the cooling device, wherein, depending on the type of phase change material, an elevated heat transfer can be controlled from reaching a defined temperature of the phase change material, respectively. Each phase change material has a characteristic phase change temperature, e.g., a melting temperature, which represents a transition between the crystalline and molten states of the phase change material. When the phase change material is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature, the phase change material absorbs energy and transitions from a first aggregated state, in particular a crystalline state, to a second aggregated state, in particular a liquid state. By absorbing the melting heat in this case, the phase change material cools the electrodes of the battery cells connected to the phase change material or thus also the entire battery cell. The phase change material can also be designed as a phase change material polymer component, wherein the polymer used for this component can be, for example, polyethylene, in particular Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Such components are advantageously low-exudation or non-exudation, mechanically strong and resistant to thermal deformation, so that such components can be manufactured, for example, as sheet materials. Such components also have improved thermal conductivity. The phase change material of the cooling device is preferably a phase change material having a high specific heat capacity of more than 2 kJ/(kgK). The advantage of such phase change materials is that thermal energy can be stored with low losses and for a long time. The latent heat of fusion absorbed by the phase change material after it reaches the melting temperature is significantly greater than the heat that can be stored according to the specific heat capacity of the phase change material (in the absence of a phase change effect). When the phase change material absorbs thermal energy, the material is melted, wherein a significant amount of thermal energy may be absorbed. The stored thermal energy is then released again when the phase change material solidifies, wherein a large amount of the thermal energy previously absorbed is released into the environment as solidification heat. A large amount of thermal energy is stored with a relatively small mass over a small temperature range given by the melting or solidification temperature of the phase change material. In addition, due to the use of metastable states of the phase change material, thermal energy can be stored without insulation and with very little loss. In principle, all phase change materials whose melting temperature lies in the temperature range typical for battery operation can be used as phase change materials for the cooling device of the battery. In this case, it may be particularly preferable to note that a certain heating of the battery pack is desired at the beginning of the charging operation or the discharging operation of the battery pack in order to charge or discharge the battery pack in the optimum operating temperature range. Battery packs generally have optimal performance at higher temperatures (e.g., 50 ℃ or higher), while the service life is shortened due to the high temperatures. In order to achieve the optimum operating temperature range in the aforementioned sense, the battery pack should be heated as soon as possible. Immediately cooling the battery pack by the cooling device at the beginning of the charging or discharging operation delays the achievement of the optimum operating temperature range and thus reduces the efficiency of the battery pack. The phase change material of the cooling device advantageously makes it possible to heat the battery pack up to an optimum operating temperature range, and the heat of the battery pack is absorbed strongly when the melting temperature of the phase change material is reached. It is expedient here for the melting temperature of the phase-change material to be just above the optimum operating temperature range of the battery. Preferably, all battery cells of the battery also have a uniform temperature profile with respect to each other by smart selection of the phase change material. In contrast to the convective cooling of battery cells used in the prior art, the phase change material of the cooling device according to the invention is not activated before the melting temperature is reached. Only when the melting temperature is reached, the phase change material starts its phase change and takes thermal energy from the battery cells until the maximum thermal energy absorption of the phase change material is reached.
The phase change material is advantageously connected to the battery cells in such a way that gas can escape from the battery cells. Accordingly, the valves of the battery cells are opened in order to prevent so-called "thermal runaway". Alternatively, the phase change material can also completely cover the valves of the battery cells, provided that a defined breaking point in the phase change material is provided, which breaks under the mechanical load or temperature increase associated with the escape of gas and allows the unimpeded escape of gas from the battery cells. The battery in the sense of the invention may be, for example, a lithium-ion battery or also a so-called post-lithium-ion battery using techniques such as lithium-sulfur batteries. Additional battery packs may also benefit from the present invention.
It is proposed here that the battery has a cell connector which connects the electrodes of at least two battery cells to one another in an electrically and thermally conductive manner, and that the cell connector is connected to the electrodes in a thermally conductive manner on the one hand and to the phase change material on the other hand. In this embodiment, the electrodes of the battery cells are not directly connected to the phase change material of the cooling device. Instead, the electrodes are first thermally and electrically conductively coupled to a cell connector, which is then in turn connected to a phase change material of the cooling device that absorbs thermal energy of the battery cells.
It is proposed here that the phase change material directly contacts the battery connector and/or that the phase change material contacts an electrically insulating heat conducting element arranged between the battery connector and the phase change material. In the case of a phase change material designed to be electrically insulating, the phase change material can also be connected directly to a plurality of cell connectors, wherein the heat of the battery is transferred directly from the cell connectors to the phase change material, while the phase change material is prevented from shorting the electrodes of the battery cells by the electrically insulating properties of the phase change material. Conversely, if the phase change material is electrically conductive (or independent of electrical conduction), an electrically insulating heat conducting element may additionally be provided between the cell connector and the phase change material, so that the battery has at least one electrically insulating and heat conducting layer which thermally connects the cell connector or the battery cell with the phase change material. Short circuits of the battery cells are prevented by electrical insulation.
It is furthermore proposed that the phase change material has a melting temperature of more than 25 ℃ and less than 80 ℃. It is especially suggested that the phase change material has a melting temperature of more than 40 ℃ and less than 60 ℃. The melting temperature is preferably so high that the battery reaches an optimal operating temperature range before reaching the melting temperature of the phase change material. This may be the case, for example, at about 50 ℃. Below the melting temperature, the battery pack is first heated as usual during the charging or discharging operation, so that the battery pack has as low an internal resistance as possible. The phase change material absorbs the thermal energy of the battery as heat of fusion and changes from, for example, the crystalline state to the liquid state only if the disadvantages of the battery, which are caused by such a high temperature of the battery, that lead to premature aging of the battery or a reduction in the possible operating life, are no longer outweighed by the advantages of the increased operating temperature. It must be pointed out here that other phase changes, for example between two different crystal structures or between liquid and gas phases, may also occur.
It may be provided that the cooling device comprises a plurality of phase change materials having different melting temperatures from one another. By combining different phase change materials, it is possible to absorb thermal energy when different melting temperatures are reached, so that the desired temperature profile of the battery can be set more precisely. For example, at a lower temperature of 35 ℃, the first phase change material may absorb thermal energy first, wherein the melting temperature of the second phase change material is reached when a higher temperature (e.g., 50 ℃) is reached and more thermal energy may be absorbed. Thus, lower temperatures may initially be highly tolerated by the cooling device, while multiple phase change materials may absorb thermal energy sequentially as the temperature of the battery pack continues to rise.
The phase change material may be designed as a film or a plate or embedded in a film or a plate. In particular, in the case of a plate-shaped phase change material, the phase change material can be arranged detachably on the battery pack, so that the phase change material can be removed after the charging or discharging process of the battery pack and the stored heat can be removed. Thereafter, the phase change material may be reconnected to the battery or replaced by a phase change material that is not loaded with thermal energy. The battery pack can be reused relatively quickly by means of the type of phase change material that is designed interchangeably. Without waiting for the phase change.
It is proposed here that the phase change material of the cooling device also contacts the protection electronics of the battery pack in a thermally conductive manner. According to this embodiment, not only the electrodes of the battery cells but also the protective electronics, i.e. those components which are also particularly hot, in addition to the battery cells, are also connected thermally to the phase change material. Thus, an optimal operation of protecting the electronic device can be ensured.
In addition, an embodiment may provide that one or more battery cells are surrounded by a heat insulating material, wherein the heat insulating material surrounds at least one cell circumference of the battery cells. In particular, it can be provided that the heat insulating material also encloses the phase change material associated with the electrode. Optionally, therefore, a heat insulating material may be arranged around the battery circumference and optionally also around the phase change material. It is thereby achieved that during charge or discharge operation the battery cells are initially heated to the operating temperature relatively quickly and cooled by the electrodes of the battery cells when the melting temperature of the phase change material is reached. This has the effect of heating the battery cells faster to the optimum operating temperature and of discharging the thermal energy in a targeted manner when the battery cells overheat, preferably when the melting temperature of the phase change material is reached. In this case, the heat insulating material may, for example, surround only the peripheral surfaces of the battery cells or may also surround the entire battery pack, as suggested.
Instead of connecting the phase change material directly to the electrodes of the battery cells or to the cell connectors, if appropriate with an electrically insulating heat conducting layer arranged between them, the battery cells can also be mounted individually on a circuit board, wherein in this case the phase change material is connected to the circuit board in a heat conducting manner, so that the phase change material contacts the circuit board.
Furthermore, the cooling device may have further cooling elements as a complement to the phase change material, for example the cooling device of the battery may also have one or more peltier elements for actively cooling the electrodes of the battery cells. In addition, in addition to the phase change material, it is also possible to convectively cool the battery pack or its battery cells, i.e. to apply an air flow to the battery pack or its battery cells. The air flow can be used, for example, to drain the energy already absorbed by the phase change material faster before and/or during the charging operation or the discharging operation of the battery. For example, the battery or the charging device of the battery may have a fan. It is also conceivable here that the peltier element additionally reduces the temperature of the air flow if the ambient temperature is too high for cooling of the phase change material. If the temperature of the battery pack is too low to be an optimal operating temperature, this temperature can additionally or alternatively be increased by a heating element or the fan can be operated such that the air flow for cooling is reduced. The function of the phase change material can also be enhanced by also using conventional heat storage materials such as polypropylene (PP) or by releasing the heat of the phase change material into the environment through additional heat conducting materials, for example through heat conducting elements thermally coupled to the battery housing.
In addition to the aforementioned battery pack, the invention proposes a floor treatment system having a consumer and a battery pack, wherein the battery pack has at least one battery cell having two poles and a cooling device for cooling the battery cell, which is used for supplying the consumer with electrical energy, and wherein the battery pack is designed as described above. The battery pack of the floor treatment device according to the invention therefore has a cooling device with a phase change material, which is thermally conductively connected to at least one electrode of the battery cell. The battery pack may be a battery pack that is not detachably connected to the floor treatment apparatus, or may be a battery pack that is detachably connected to the floor treatment apparatus, such battery pack being removable and replaceable. Other features and advantages of the floor treatment device are derived as described above in relation to the battery pack according to the invention.
Drawings
The invention is illustrated in detail below with reference to examples. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a ground treatment apparatus according to the invention;
fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a floor treatment device according to the invention;
Fig. 3 shows a battery pack according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows a section through the battery pack according to fig. 3 along section line IV;
Fig. 5 shows a battery pack according to a second embodiment;
Fig. 6 shows a battery pack according to a third embodiment;
fig. 7 shows a battery pack according to a fourth embodiment.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 and 2 show a ground handling device 2 designed as an autonomous traveling suction robot. Although the invention is described herein with the aid of an automatic cleaning device, the invention can also be applied to floor treatment devices 2 of different designs. As regards the battery pack 1 shown below in fig. 3 to 7, these embodiments are independent of the type of floor treatment device 2, and the respective battery pack 1 is used for the power supply of the floor treatment device 2.
The floor treatment device 2 according to fig. 1 and 2 has a housing 21, a motor-driven wheel 14 for moving the floor treatment device 2 and at least one floor treatment element 15, here for example a motor-driven cleaning roller, which has a plurality of bristle bundles for applying an action to the surface to be cleaned. The floor treatment element 15 is associated with a suction opening 19, which suction opening 19 can be acted upon by the negative pressure of the fan 16 via a flow channel 20. The fan 16 is driven by a motor, which is the consumer 13 of the floor treatment device 2. The fan 16 delivers suction from the surface to be cleaned through the flow channel 20, wherein the suction is retained in the suction chamber 17 by the filter 18, so that only cleaned air can flow to the fan 16. The fan 16 and optionally the further consumers 13 of the floor treatment system 2 are equipped with a battery pack 1 for supplying energy.
The battery pack 1 is cooled by means of a cooling device 5. Fig. 3 shows a possible structure of a battery 1 having a plurality of battery cells 4. The battery 1 is designed as a so-called "battery pack" having an array of a plurality of battery cells 4, which battery cells 4 are arranged next to one another or in succession. Each battery cell 4 is here, for example, of cylindrical design, but may also have another shape. The battery cell 4 has a cell circumferential surface 12, and the cell circumferential surface 12 corresponds to a cylindrical circumferential surface here. The battery cells 4 have electrodes 3 at the end faces, the electrodes 3 being interconnected by cell connectors 8 according to their potential. Here, the negative electrodes 3 of the first battery cells 4 are each connected to the positive electrode 3 of the second battery cell 4. The battery 1 furthermore has a battery management system 22, the battery management system 22 also containing the protection electronics 10, which protection electronics 10 also have the task of preventing overload charging or complete discharging of the battery cells 4. The battery connector 8 is typically constructed of metal and is electrically and thermally conductive. As shown in fig. 4 to 7, the battery connectors 8 extend on both sides of the battery pack 1.
An exemplary embodiment of the battery pack 1 according to the invention is explained in detail below with reference to fig. 4 to 7. These figures each show a sectional view of the battery pack 1.
Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of the battery pack 1 shown in fig. 3, taken along a section line IV. The battery pack 1 has a plurality of battery cells 4. The electrodes 3 of the battery cells 4 are connected both thermally and electrically by means of cell connectors 8. On the side of the battery connector 8 facing away from the electrodes 3, an electrically insulating heat conducting element 9 is present, the heat conducting element 9 being electrically insulated with the best possible thermal conductivity. The heat conductive element 9 is composed of, for example, a heat conductive paste, heat conductive oil, silicone oil, zinc oxide, or the like, which is not electrically conductive. Furthermore, the heat conducting element 9 may also be a heat conducting pad consisting of a silicone rubber film or a polyamide film. In principle, all materials having a thermal conductivity of at least 0.5W/(mK) and at the same time a specific resistance of at least 10 Ω m are suitable for constructing the thermally conductive element 9. Preferably, the heat conducting element 9 has an insulating material with a specific resistance of several 1x 10 6 Ω m. The shape and size of the heat conducting element 9 may be adapted to the shape and size of the battery connector 8. The heat-conducting elements 9 preferably each completely cover the corresponding battery connector 8. On the side of the heat conducting element 9 facing away from the battery connector 8, the heat conducting element 9 is provided with a cooling device 5 with a phase change material 6. The phase change material 6 of the cooling device 5 is thermally conductively connected to the corresponding electrode 3 of the battery cell 4 via a thermally conductive element 9 and a cell connector 8. At the same time, the phase change material 6 is electrically insulated from the cell connectors 8 by electrically insulating heat conducting elements 9, so that the phase change material 6 connecting all cell connectors 8 or heat conducting elements 9 according to the embodiment shown in fig. 4 does not short-circuit the electrodes 3 of the battery cells 4. By thermally conductive connection of the electrodes 3 of the battery 1 to the phase change material 6 of the cooling device 5, heat can be dissipated specifically at the usually hottest points of the battery cells 4, i.e. at the electrodes 3. The entire battery pack 1 can thus be cooled efficiently and in particular also uniformly. In addition to the electrode 3, for example, the protection electronics 10 can also be connected to the cooling device 5, i.e. thermally conductively to the phase change material 6. Alternatively, the cell peripheral surface 12 can be thermally connected to the phase change material 6 in addition to the electrode 3, so that the battery cells 4 are cooled not only by their end faces with the electrode 3, but also by the larger cell peripheral surface 12. The phase change material 6, also called PCM or latent heat accumulator, has a specific heat capacity of e.g. at least 2 kJ/(kgK). The phase change material 6 here is for example sodium acetate trihydrate having a melting temperature of 58 ℃. The phase change material 6 absorbs the heat of the heated battery cells 4 and in this case converts to a liquid state at the melting point of 58 ℃ given here by way of example. As a result of the phase change, the phase change material 6 can absorb a high amount of heat from the battery pack 1. In addition to the proposed sodium acetate, other salts or paraffins, such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate hexahydrate, may also be used as a thermal storage medium. The phase change material 6 is added with a nucleating agent which may cause crystallization of the phase change material 6 in order to be able to re-release the stored thermal energy. Depending on the optimum operating temperature of the battery 1, the phase change material 6 can be selected with a higher or lower melting temperature. It is necessary here to balance the higher temperatures of the battery pack 1 to ensure optimal performance of the battery pack 1, but from a certain temperature the operating time and the service life of the battery pack 1 are significantly reduced. Preferably, the temperature of the battery pack 1 should not be significantly higher than 60 ℃. Correspondingly suitable are phase change materials 6 with melting temperatures in the temperature range of in particular 40 ℃ to 60 ℃. When the battery 1 is operated during charging or discharging, the battery cells 4 warm up, wherein the phase change material 6 has not initially reached the melting point. In this case, the phase change material 6 can already absorb thermal energy in accordance with its specific heat capacity, but no phase change from solid to liquid has taken place here, for example. Only if the battery cells 4 are heated to such an extent that the defined optimum operating temperature is preferably exceeded, the melting temperature of, for example, 58 ℃ is exceeded, the phase change begins and the phase change material 6 can now absorb significantly more thermal energy. The specific heat capacity is relatively high compared to the specific heat capacity of the phase change material 6, for example 226kJ/kg for sodium acetate trihydrate.
Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the battery pack 1 according to the invention. The battery cells 4 are in turn connected to a cell connector 8 via the electrodes 3 of the battery cells 4. The cell connectors 8 are in direct contact with the phase change material 6 which is designed as electrically insulating according to this embodiment, so that the phase change material 6 which is in common contact with all cell connectors 8 here does not cause an electrical short circuit of the electrodes 3 of the battery cells 4. No additional electrically insulating heat conducting element 9 as previously shown in fig. 4 is therefore required.
Fig. 6 shows a further possible embodiment of the battery pack 1, in which the cooling device 5 has two different phase change materials 6,7, the phase change materials 6,7 being designed in the form of a plate and being in direct contact with the battery connector 8 as shown in fig. 5. Those battery cells 4 arranged in the middle within the array of battery cells 4 are cooled by a phase change material 7 different from the battery cells 4 located opposite to the outer side, the outer battery cells 4 being thermally conductively connected with the phase change material 6. The battery cells 4 arranged in the center of the array typically experience a higher temperature rise than the battery cells 4 on the outside. The phase change material 7 of these centrally arranged battery cells 4 is therefore designed to have a lower melting temperature than the phase change material 6 of the battery cells 4 associated with the outer side. Alternatively or additionally, the phase change material 7 may also have a larger layer thickness and/or surface size than the phase change material 6. For example, the phase change material 7 may have a melting point of about 30 ℃, while the phase change material 6 starts to change phase at 58 ℃. The phase change material 7 with a lower melting point may for example be sodium sulphate decahydrate (mirabilite) with a melting point of 32.5 ℃. According to the embodiment variant of fig. 6, it can also be provided that the inner battery cell 4 is in thermally conductive contact with two different phase-change materials 6,7, so that the same battery cell 4 can release heat to the two different phase-change materials 6,7, i.e., for example, the first phase-change material has a lower melting temperature and the second phase-change material has a relatively higher melting temperature.
Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the invention. According to this embodiment, each cell connector 8 of the battery cell 4 is in contact with two different phase change materials 6, 7, so that preferably different melting points of the phase change materials 6, 7 can be used in order to optimally remove the heat of the battery cell 4. As already shown in fig. 6, it is also possible that only individual battery cells 4, for example, battery cells 4 with a particularly high temperature rise and/or located within the battery cell array, are in heat-conducting contact with two different phase-change materials 6, 7. The embodiment according to fig. 7 also has a heat insulating material 11, which heat insulating material 11 encloses the battery cells 4, including the cell connectors 8 and the cooling device 5 with the phase change material 6, 7. The effect of the insulating material 11 is that the battery cell 4 is heated to the optimum operating temperature earlier at the beginning of the charging or discharging operation, and the phase change materials 6, 7 reach the defined melting point faster. In this way, on the one hand, an efficient operation of the battery 1 at an optimum operating temperature can be achieved quickly, and on the other hand, the operating temperature of the battery 1 can be limited by the phase change material 6, 7 absorbing thermal energy after reaching a specific melting point.
List of reference numerals
1. Storage battery pack
2. Ground treatment equipment
3. Electrode
4. Battery cell
5. Cooling device
6. Phase change material
7. Phase change material
8. Battery connector
9. Heat conducting element
10. Protecting electronic devices
11. Heat insulating material
12. Battery peripheral surface
13. Electric consumption device
14. Wheel
15. Ground treatment element
16. Fan with fan body
17. Suction object cavity
18. Filter device
19. Suction port
20. Flow channel
21. Shell body
22. Battery management system

Claims (11)

1. A battery (1) having at least one battery cell (4) with two electrodes (3) and a cooling device (5) for cooling the battery cell (4), wherein the cooling device (5) has a phase change material (6, 7) which is thermally conductively connected to at least one electrode (3) of the battery cell (4), characterized in that the battery (1) has an array of a plurality of battery cells (4) arranged next to one another and/or in succession, wherein the battery cells (4) arranged centrally in the array and/or heated higher than the other battery cells (4) in the array are provided with a phase change material (6, 7) which has a greater layer thickness and/or a greater area and/or a lower melting temperature than the phase change material (6, 7) of the other battery cells (4), wherein the battery (1) has a battery connector (8) which connects the at least two battery cells (3) to one another and the electrodes (8) in an electrically conductive manner and thermally conductively connected to the phase change material (6, 7) on the one side and the other.
2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material (6, 7) is in direct contact with the cell connector (8) and/or that the phase change material (6, 7) is in contact with an electrically insulating heat conducting element (9) arranged between the cell connector (8) and the phase change material (6, 7).
3. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material (6, 7) is designed to be electrically insulating.
4. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material (6, 7) has a melting temperature of more than 25 ℃ and less than 80 ℃.
5. The battery according to claim 4, characterized in that the phase change material (6, 7) has a melting temperature of more than 40 ℃ and less than 60 ℃.
6. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling device (5) has a plurality of phase change materials (6, 7), which phase change materials (6, 7) have mutually different melting temperatures.
7. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material (6, 7) is designed as a film or a plate or is embedded in a film or a plate.
8. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material (6, 7) of the cooling device (5) is also in thermally conductive contact with the protection electronics (10) of the battery pack (1).
9. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more battery cells (4) are surrounded by a heat insulating material (11), wherein the heat insulating material (11) surrounds at least one cell circumference (12) of the battery cells (4).
10. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the insulating material (11) also encloses the phase change material (6, 7) associated with the electrode (3) together.
11. Floor treatment device (2) with an electrical consumer (13) and a battery (1), wherein the battery (1) has at least one battery cell (4) with two electrodes (3) and a cooling device (5) for cooling the battery cell (4), the battery cell (4) being used for supplying electrical energy to the electrical consumer (13), characterized in that the battery (1) is designed according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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