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CN111451615A - Welding process method for dissimilar steel - Google Patents

Welding process method for dissimilar steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111451615A
CN111451615A CN202010306401.5A CN202010306401A CN111451615A CN 111451615 A CN111451615 A CN 111451615A CN 202010306401 A CN202010306401 A CN 202010306401A CN 111451615 A CN111451615 A CN 111451615A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
welding
steel
stainless steel
austenitic
austenitic stainless
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Pending
Application number
CN202010306401.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
裴海林
俞年年
南江
陈少华
汪俊波
牛瑞杰
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Thermal Power Research Institute
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Priority to CN202010306401.5A priority Critical patent/CN111451615A/en
Publication of CN111451615A publication Critical patent/CN111451615A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004Filling of continuous seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/028Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
    • B23K9/0282Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding process method of dissimilar steel, which comprises the following steps: 1) base material: the pipe is low-carbon steel Q235, austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9 Ti; the sheet materials are martensitic stainless steel 1Cr13, low-carbon steel Q235 and austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9 Ti; the diameter phi of the pipe is 60 mm, the pipe is subjected to drawing process when the diameter is 5mm, and the plate is subjected to rolling process when the diameter is 5 mm; selection of welding rods: selecting welding materials to ensure the crack resistance and the mechanical property of the weld metal; welding carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding material with higher chromium and nickel contents than an austenitic high-alloy steel base material; welding martensitic steel and austenitic steel by adopting a welding rod or a welding wire with high nickel-chromium content; 2) the welding process comprises the following steps: preheating the workpiece before welding 1Cr13, and tempering after welding; wherein, multilayer multi-pass welding is adopted, the first layer uses gas tungsten arc welding, and the other layers use manual arc welding. The invention can eliminate the welding cracks caused by different structure properties of dissimilar steel and reduce the welding thermal stress.

Description

Welding process method for dissimilar steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding process method for dissimilar steel.
Background
1. Welding difficulty of dissimilar steel
The welding adopts the following materials: Q235A, etc., the pressure pipeline has the common marks of 10, 20, etc., and the structure is ferrite plus pearlite, a flange and a seamless steel pipe after heat treatment. 1Cr13 is common martensitic stainless steel, and the structure is martensite plus austenite after heat treatment, and only a plate is used. 1Cr18Ni9Ti is an austenitic stainless steel, and the structure is an austenitic seamless steel pipe.
Because the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are different, the welding rod and the chemical components and tissues of the two base materials are also different, so that the diffusion of alloy elements can occur in a high-temperature state, and certain additional stress can be added to a welding seam due to the expansion difference of the materials at the two sides and the expansion and contraction effect of the materials at the two sides. Compared with the welding seam made of the same material, the risk of cracking of the welding seam made of the dissimilar steel material is higher. Macro segregation is likely to occur. A large temperature gradient is formed between the welding seam and the base metal, and a high-temperature area is heated to extend, expands with heat and contracts with cold to form tensile stress and compressive stress. The cooling speed is too high, solute elements in the welding seam cannot diffuse in time, and the mechanical property is not uniform due to the fact that chemical components are not uniformly distributed. The fusion zone and the overheating zone in the welding heat affected zone of dissimilar steel are easy to be discontinuous in structure, stress concentration is easy to form, and the generation of hot cracks is related to segregation. The direct use of manual arc welding for welding workpieces cannot control the diffusion of alloy elements, and is easy to cause cracking. By utilizing the process of preheating before welding and tempering after welding, the workpiece is always kept in a certain temperature range, so that the workpiece is slowly cooled, and the tissue stress caused by martensite phase transformation is avoided.
2. Effect of elements on the welding Process
Carbon is the most important alloy element in carbon plastic steel, the carbon content is increased, the strength of the steel is increased, but the plasticity and the toughness are reduced, the welding performance is deteriorated, the hardening tendency is increased, and the steel also contains a small amount of impurities such as manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and the like. The existing welding process mostly uses welding rods with similar chemical components and same mechanical properties as the parent metal. The welding is made of dissimilar steel, the difference of chemical components is large, welding rods need to be selected flexibly, chemical elements of welding seams need to be controlled, and the welding cannot cause large-scale segregation to cause uneven mechanical properties and cracking caused by overlarge structural stress. The selected electrode has high nickel-chromium content and low carbon to avoid excessive carbide precipitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding process method of dissimilar steel aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a welding process method of dissimilar steel comprises the following steps:
1) base material: the pipe is low-carbon steel Q235, austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9 Ti; the sheet materials are martensitic stainless steel 1Cr13, low-carbon steel Q235 and austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9 Ti; the diameter phi of the pipe is 60 mm, the pipe is subjected to drawing process when the diameter is 5mm, and the plate is subjected to rolling process when the diameter is 5 mm;
selection of welding rods: selecting welding materials to ensure the crack resistance and the mechanical property of the weld metal; welding carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding material with higher chromium and nickel contents than an austenitic high-alloy steel base material; welding martensitic steel and austenitic steel by adopting a welding rod or a welding wire with high nickel-chromium content;
2) the welding process comprises the following steps: preheating the workpiece before welding 1Cr13, and tempering after welding; wherein, multilayer multi-pass welding is adopted, the first layer uses gas tungsten arc welding, and the other layers use manual arc welding.
The invention has the further improvement that when the pipes are butted, a V-shaped groove is adopted, and the groove angle is as follows: 30-35 degrees; when the tube plate is in angular connection, the angle of the bevel of the tube is 40-50 degrees.
The invention has the further improvement that the Q235 and the 1Cr18Ni9Ti are welded by selecting the welding rod with the specification of A022 and the specification of phi 2.5 mm/phi 3.2mm, and the 1Cr13 and the 1Cr18Ni9Ti are welded by selecting the welding rod with the specification of A302 and the specification of phi 2.5 mm/phi 3.2 mm.
The further improvement of the invention is that the tungsten electrode gas protection backing welding method comprises argon gas flow rate of 8-10L/min, current of 100-200A, voltage and a 220V, 8-shaped or s-shaped bar conveying method, and the subsequent multilayer welding is carried out by utilizing manual electric arc welding.
The invention has the further improvement that the gas welding is used for heating the glass tube to lead the glass tube to emit light and turn red; after welding, the workpiece is put into a heat treatment furnace for tempering for 1h at 300 ℃, and the cooling speed is reduced by oil cooling or sand coating.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention flexibly selects the welding method, the welding rod, the fixture and the welding method according to different welding positions. The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: eliminate the welding cracks caused by different structure properties of dissimilar steel and reduce the welding thermal stress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of the butt joint of pipe-to-pipe connectors;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of butt welding of pipe-to-pipe connectors;
FIG. 3 is a view of a corner joint of a tube sheet;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fillet weld layer of a tube sheet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples.
Examples
1. Welding material
Including welding electrodes, welding wires, welding strips, fluxes, gases, electrodes, liners, and the like. 1 welding machine, tungsten electrode (cerium tungsten electrode, trade mark WCe-20, diameter 2.5mm, about 700 yuan/kg, need use 2kg), a plurality of (contain consumables such as porcelain mouth, clip, porcelain mouth and clip), argon gas table 400 yuan/piece (argon gas pressure reducer), 3 yuan/meter of argon gas leather hose (about 20m for every welder), a plurality of bottles of argon gas, purchase various trade mark welding wires, fixture: channel steel and other fixing devices.
2. The selection principle of welding materials is as follows:
a) the performance of the weld metal is higher than or equal to the lower limit value specified by the corresponding base material standard or meets the technical file requirement specified by the pattern.
b) Suitable welding materials are matched with a reasonable welding process to ensure that the performance of the welding joint meets the design specifications.
c) The chemical composition and mechanical property of the welding material are higher than or equal to the lower limit value specified by the corresponding base material standard or meet the technical condition specified by the pattern. For the steel grade with larger carbon steel quenching tendency, the bottom layer welding seam or the non-main stress welding seam can be selected as the welding material with the deposited metal strength slightly lower than that of the base metal; and welding the heat-resistant low-alloy steel with the same steel grade, wherein the contents of Cr and Mo in weld metal are not lower than the lower limit values specified by corresponding parent metal standards.
3. Selection of welding rod
a) When welding a non-austenitic base metal with a welding material that produces an austenitic weld metal, stress effects caused by differences in the expansion coefficients of the base metal and the weld metal should be carefully considered.
b) The carbon steel and the low alloy steel with different strength grade steel grades are mutually welded, and the welding material is selected to ensure that the tensile strength of the welding seam metal is higher than or equal to the lower limit value specified by the base metal standard on the lower strength side and does not exceed the upper limit value specified by the base metal standard on the higher strength side.
c) The austenitic high alloy steel is welded with carbon steel and low alloy steel, and the selected welding material should ensure the crack resistance and the mechanical property of weld metal. When the design temperature is not more than 370 ℃, adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding material with higher chromium and nickel contents than an austenitic high alloy steel base material; when the design temperature is above 370 ℃, a nickel-based solder material is preferred.
4. Preparation before welding
a) The surface of the weldment is cleaned, and impurities such as grease, stains, paint, oxide skin and the like do not exist. If necessary, the mixture was washed with acetone.
b) The titanium type or titanium calcium type welding rod used for electric arc welding is usually baked in an oven at 150-200 ℃ for 1-2 hours before use, the temperature is not too high, and the time is not too long.
c) The wind speed of the welding site of the shielded metal arc welding is not more than 10m/s, and the relative humidity is not more than 90%. When the temperature is lower, the welding is preheated within 100 mm. The welding method does not need to use large current, the cooling is carried out after each welding, and the next welding is carried out after cleaning. And (3) welding the austenitic stainless steel and the martensitic stainless steel, preheating for 30-60 min at 200-300 ℃ before welding, and adjusting according to the size of a workpiece.
5. Welding is carried out
a) Carbon steel and 1Cr13 argon arc welding priming coat, and argon is filled in the tube for protection. However, the time for welding the test piece with the wall thickness of more than 6mm by using argon arc welding is longer than that of arc welding. Therefore, during engineering welding, full argon arc welding is adopted below 6mm, 1 layer is welded at the bottom of argon arc welding with the thickness being more than 6mm, the rest parts are fixed before welding is completed through electric welding, the pipe surface is parallel and level, during welding operation, methods for reducing welding internal stress such as symmetrical welding and segmented welding are mostly used, and during welding of austenitic steel, the next welding is carried out after cooling for a period of time when each welding is carried out.
b) Ensuring that the geometric dimensions are consistent, the material has no obvious defects, and the vicinity of a welding line needs to be polished; fixing with a fixture, cleaning the operation table and keeping a windless state. Scale, dirt, oil, etc. should be thoroughly removed and the weld should be kept dry.
c) The single-side welding and double-side forming technology is adopted, the angle and the speed of a welding rod are kept, and the small-current rapid welding is adopted when the austenitic steel is welded.
d) During welding, the welding slag on each layer is carefully cleaned during multiple welding. The first welding line has no incomplete penetration and overburning phenomenon.
e) During pipe butt joint, spot welding is firstly carried out, the position of the pipe is fixed, and a gap of 2-3 mm is ensured to be reserved between the pipes, and the method is shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2.
f) When welding austenitic stainless steel, after welding one layer, the next layer is welded after keeping for a period of time, and the coating of each welding line is removed after welding.
g) The aperture of the pipe is consistent with that of the plate. Internal defects: concave root, undercut, crack, unfused and incomplete welding.
h) Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the 1Cr13 is connected with 316L tube plate corner (the welding rod is preferably nickel-based alloy welding rod: E/ERNiCrMo-3, and then a302), 1Cr13 should be placed in an incubator at 300 ℃ for preheating before welding, the preheating time is calculated according to the size of the plate, and after welding, slow cooling measures are taken, namely, the insulation material such as asbestos tiles is paved, or the insulation material is placed in a drying furnace for heat preservation.
i) The welding method does not need to use large current, the cooling is carried out after each welding, and the next welding is carried out after cleaning.
Austenitic stainless steels and martensitic stainless steels slightly reduce the conditioning current and slow down the welding speed.
6. Postweld heat treatment
a)1Cr13 is incompatible with carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel welded with the structure, and has different structure properties after phase transformation, and the volume is also changed to form structure stress. Stress relief annealing by post-weld heat treatment may relieve part: mainly means that post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) should be performed: tempering for 1h at 300 ℃, and reducing the cooling speed by oil cooling or sanding. The stress generated in the welding process is eliminated, and harmful solute elements such as hydrogen and the like in the welding seam can be diffused, so that hydrogen embrittlement is avoided, and the crack resistance and the toughness of the welding seam structure are improved.
b) After the austenitic stainless steel and the carbon steel are welded, water cooling is carried out, so that the influence of precipitated carbide on the corrosion resistance of the workpiece is avoided.

Claims (5)

1. A welding process method of dissimilar steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) base material: the pipe is low-carbon steel Q235, austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9 Ti; the sheet materials are martensitic stainless steel 1Cr13, low-carbon steel Q235 and austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9 Ti; the diameter phi of the pipe is 60 mm, the pipe is subjected to drawing process when the diameter is 5mm, and the plate is subjected to rolling process when the diameter is 5 mm;
selection of welding rods: selecting welding materials to ensure the crack resistance and the mechanical property of the weld metal; welding carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding material with higher chromium and nickel contents than an austenitic high-alloy steel base material; welding martensitic steel and austenitic steel by adopting a welding rod or a welding wire with high nickel-chromium content;
2) the welding process comprises the following steps: preheating the workpiece before welding 1Cr13, and tempering after welding; wherein, multilayer multi-pass welding is adopted, the first layer uses gas tungsten arc welding, and the other layers use manual arc welding.
2. A dissimilar steel welding process according to claim 1, wherein when pipes are butted, a V-shaped groove is adopted, and the groove angle is: 30-35 degrees; when the tube plate is in angular connection, the angle of the bevel of the tube is 40-50 degrees.
3. A welding process of dissimilar steel according to claim 1, wherein welding rod designation A022 specification of Φ 2.5mm/Φ 3.2mm is selected for Q235 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and welding rod designation A302 specification of Φ 2.5mm/Φ 3.2mm is selected for 1Cr13 and 1Cr18Ni9 Ti.
4. A welding process of dissimilar steel according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten electrode gas shielded backing welding is carried out by argon gas flow rate of 8-10L/min, current of 100-200A, voltage, 220V, 8-shaped or s-shaped bar conveying method, and the subsequent multilayer welding is carried out by manual arc welding.
5. A welding process of dissimilar steels according to claim 1, wherein gas welding is used to heat them to glow red; after welding, the workpiece is put into a heat treatment furnace for tempering for 1h at 300 ℃, and the cooling speed is reduced by oil cooling or sand coating.
CN202010306401.5A 2020-04-17 2020-04-17 Welding process method for dissimilar steel Pending CN111451615A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112454557A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-03-09 青岛国森机械有限公司 Manufacturing method of high-efficiency forming deformation-free hot pressing plate made of wood recombinant material
CN114406512A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-04-29 中南大学 Welding and electric pulse heat treatment process for dissimilar alloy
CN114603234A (en) * 2022-04-02 2022-06-10 鲁西工业装备有限公司 Method for welding 42CrMo alloy steel and low-carbon steel dissimilar steel

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112454557A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-03-09 青岛国森机械有限公司 Manufacturing method of high-efficiency forming deformation-free hot pressing plate made of wood recombinant material
CN112454557B (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-07-01 青岛国森机械有限公司 Manufacturing method of high-efficiency forming deformation-free hot pressing plate made of wood recombinant material
CN114406512A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-04-29 中南大学 Welding and electric pulse heat treatment process for dissimilar alloy
CN114603234A (en) * 2022-04-02 2022-06-10 鲁西工业装备有限公司 Method for welding 42CrMo alloy steel and low-carbon steel dissimilar steel

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