CN111442944B - Temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device and test method - Google Patents
Temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device and a test method, wherein the test device comprises a centrifugal machine test system, a heat loading unit and a data monitoring processing unit; the centrifuge test system comprises a centrifuge and a fairing; the heat loading unit is integrally arranged at the far end of the large arm of the centrifugal machine, the fairing is sleeved outside the heat loading unit, the fairing is arranged in a vacuum environment, and the test piece is arranged in the heat loading unit; the application can accurately simulate vacuum, high temperature, centrifugal load and load courses under action scenes such as ground emission, space posture adjustment, space detection, landing and the like of space isotope heat source products; the application sets a perfect data testing system, can integrate and detect a plurality of parameters such as temperature, strain, vacuum degree, product state and the like in the testing process, and accurately obtain the product response condition of the tested product in the temperature-centrifugal composite environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of isotope heat sources, and particularly relates to a temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device and a test method.
Background
The isotope heat source (power supply) is used for acquiring heat or electric energy by utilizing the decay of the radioactive isotope (238 PuO 2) to release heat energy according to the Seebeck effect of the temperature difference material, and has the characteristics of long service life (tens of years or longer), high reliability (releasing long-time and stable heat) and the like, thus being widely applied to the field of deep space exploration. Typical applications include application of an isotope power supply in the U.S. to the star detection task of Galileo, use of an isotope heat source in Luna-21, use of an isotope heat source in the deep space detector of Chang's mission in China, realization of survival task of the detector in extremely low temperature environment of the moon, and the like.
At present, 238PuO2 material is generally selected as the fuel pellet of the isotope heat source, and the fuel pellet has the characteristics of strong radiation, long half-life period and the like. The space isotope heat source can be subjected to acceleration overload environment along with the deep space probe in the process of launching the carrier rocket. Meanwhile, the heat source itself decays heat to generate a high temperature working environment. Under the action of high temperature, the mechanical property of the heat source cladding material can be changed, and the strength and the rigidity of the material are affected, so that the bearing capacity of the material is changed. Under this influence, an acceleration overload environment is experienced, which may lead to deformation, cracking, breakage, etc. of the cladding structure, thus affecting the performance of the isotope heat source, even leading to failure, and possibly also to leakage of radioactive substances in severe cases. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability and the safety of the isotope heat source applied to the deep space detector in the use process, an acceleration environment test needs to be carried out on the ground. 238Pu belongs to a highly radioactive substance, and in order to ensure the safety of the test, a structural simulation piece is often adopted to replace a real product to carry out the test in the ground acceleration environment test. For a spatial isotope heat source structural simulation, decay heat is not generated like a real product. Therefore, to ensure thermal equivalence of the test product to the authentic product, appropriate thermal loading of the structural simulators is required. In summary, the assessment of the adaptability of the ground acceleration environment of the space isotope heat source belongs to the temperature-centrifugal composite environment test assessment. In addition, it should be noted that the actual environment in which the isotope heat source is used is a vacuum-tight environment, and the vacuum degree is about 0.1 atm. In the case of heat loading, it is also necessary to consider the influence of the air pressure environment on heat transfer and the like.
In conclusion, the research of equipment development technology for isotope heat source temperature-centrifugal composite environment test and the formulation of a temperature-centrifugal composite environment test method are developed, and the method has an important supporting function on space isotope heat source reliability and safety certification.
The prior art scheme is as follows:
Through investigation, the environmental tests of the American and Russian isotopes on the space isotope heat sources are mainly concentrated on safety verification tests, the safety verification of the American and Russian isotopes on the space isotope heat sources is mainly concentrated on accident scenes (fire, impact and the like caused by failed emission) of the emission field, and the safety verification of the Russian and the space isotope heat sources is more serious than the accident scenes (aerodynamic heat high temperature, thermal shock and the like) of the abnormal reentry stage, and no related research reports of the high temperature-acceleration environmental tests exist. Compared with American Russian, the development and application of the space isotope heat source in China still belongs to the starting stage, and the environment test needs to be verified in both reliability and safety. In domestic aspects, in the research of temperature-centrifugal composite environment test technology, common methods comprise: 1. and (5) carrying out heat loading by blowing hot air into the fairing of the centrifugal machine before the centrifugal machine rotates. 2. Winding a test product by using a flexible heating belt, and fixing the product on a centrifugal machine to realize a temperature-centrifugal composite environment test of product response temperature control under the condition of 250 ℃;3. the heating sealing cavity is designed, the heating film is attached to the four walls of the cavity, the heat-resistant fan is used for enhancing convection, and the temperature-centrifugal composite environment test of the 200 ℃ space environment is realized.
The above technical means cannot truly simulate the temperature-centrifugal composite environmental load experienced by an isotope heat source.
Direct reasons include:
1. The load simulation capability is insufficient: the loading means, such as hot air blowing, heating film winding or flexible heating belt winding, can only realize the simulation of the product response temperature under the conditions of tens of degrees, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, and can not realize the loading condition of the high-temperature load of the space isotope heat source (taking a certain space isotope heat source as an example, in order to ensure that the structural simulation piece is in thermal equivalence with the real product, the structural simulation piece needs to be heated to 550 ℃);
2. The loading of the load cannot be equivalent to the real environment: in a real environment, the use environment of the isotope heat source is a negative pressure and vacuum environment, and the heat transfer characteristics and the like of the product are greatly changed unlike a standard atmosphere environment.
3. The test method has not been established yet: in the conventional test, the test object is a weapon, a spacecraft, or the like. The acceleration environment test of the products rarely relates to high-temperature heat loading and control, and the test method cannot cover the space isotope heat source acceleration environment test.
Indirect reasons include:
The mounting mode, the testing technology and the like are insufficient. This is because the above-described technical means fail to simulate a high temperature-centrifugal composite environment in a vacuum environment. Under the environment, the traditional product installation mode, test means and the like are greatly different from the fixed test method at normal temperature and normal pressure.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device and a test method to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems set forth in the background art. The invention provides a temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device and a test method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device, comprising:
A centrifuge testing system; the centrifuge test system comprises a centrifuge and a fairing;
A heat loading unit for providing a heating environment for the test piece; the heat loading unit is integrally arranged at the far end of the large arm of the centrifugal machine, the fairing is sleeved outside the heat loading unit, the fairing is arranged in a vacuum environment, and the test piece is arranged in the heat loading unit;
A data monitoring processing unit; the data monitoring processing unit comprises a monitoring room, a data transfer module, a data acquisition station, a monitoring camera, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a vacuum sensor, wherein the vacuum sensor is arranged in the fairing, the temperature sensor is arranged in the heat loading unit, the strain sensor is arranged in the heat loading unit and is used for deformation measurement of a test piece, the monitoring camera is used for state monitoring of the heat loading unit, the signal input end of the data acquisition station is respectively connected with the signal output end of the monitoring camera, the signal output end of the temperature sensor, the signal output end of the strain sensor and the signal output end of the vacuum sensor, the signal output end of the data acquisition station is connected with the signal input end of the data transfer module, and the signal output end of the data transfer module is connected with the signal input end of the monitoring room.
Specifically, the heat loading unit comprises an alloy sheet, a resistance heater, a heat-insulating shaping plate and a clamp unit, wherein the alloy sheet and the heat-insulating shaping plate are arranged in a closed mode, the heat-insulating shaping plate is arranged on the outer layer of the alloy sheet, an interlayer is formed between the alloy sheet and the heat-insulating shaping plate, the resistance heater is arranged in the interlayer, and the clamp unit is arranged inside the alloy sheet.
Preferably, the resistance heater comprises quartz sand and a resistance wire, wherein the resistance wire is arranged at the center of the interlayer, and the quartz sand is filled in the interlayer.
Specifically, the clamp unit comprises a heating cylinder, a clamping strap, a table top connecting plate and a rotating frame; a plurality of groups of clamping groove blocks for horizontally placing test pieces and a plurality of vertical placing frames for vertically placing the test pieces are arranged on the rotating frame, each group of clamping groove blocks comprises two clamping groove blocks, grooves are formed in the clamping groove blocks, the test pieces of the clamping groove blocks are horizontally arranged in the two grooves on each group of clamping groove blocks, clamping wrapping bands are arranged at the upper ends of the grooves, the two ends of each clamping wrapping band are connected with the upper ends of the corresponding clamping groove blocks, and the clamping wrapping bands are used for clamping the upper parts of the test pieces; the rotary frame is rotatably arranged on a table-board connecting plate which is fixedly arranged on a large arm of the centrifugal machine; the heating cylinder is arranged on the table top connecting plate, and the test piece, the clamping belting and the rotating frame are all arranged in the heating cylinder.
Specifically, a vacuum-pumping joint is installed on the fairing.
Preferably, the clamp unit is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti chromium-nickel stainless steel.
A test method of a temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device comprises the following steps:
S1, preparing a test in a early stage;
a. determining test items, and making outline and safety strategy: carrying out theoretical calculation according to research requirements, and establishing a related model of temperature and centrifugal load to form a test input file and define target requirements; writing a test outline, formulating a corresponding safety strategy and formulating a related test flow record form;
b. Designing and checking a test fixture: according to the requirements of the test input file and outline, the design and processing of the test fixture are completed, and the test acceptance is organized; simultaneously, carrying out counterweight design on the heating system;
c. preparing a sensor: the test process involves the detection and measurement of temperature, deformation and vacuum degree parameters, and corresponding number of sensors are purchased according to the test requirements;
s2, checking before the test;
a. Test piece alignment, initial detection: before the test, checking the proof file of the test piece, and recording the checking result;
b. checking, joint test heating and centrifugal loading system: checking the loading and control systems of heat and centrifugal load and the conditions of a sensor test system, and determining that the working state of related equipment is normal;
c. Checking a crane and a lifting appliance: checking test hoisting tools, including the state of a hoisting tool and the weight of an object to be hoisted, so as to ensure that test requirements are met;
d. laboratory related facility inspection: checking real emergency treatment facilities and environmental measures, and confirming that laboratory related facilities meet test requirements;
s3, mounting, testing and assembling a test piece;
a. hanging the test piece into a heating furnace, installing the test piece at a corresponding position, and assembling the test piece and a test clamp together according to requirements;
b. installing a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a vacuum sensor, and connecting a test system;
s4, test assembly; completing the encapsulation of the heat loading device according to the requirements of the test outline, vacuumizing according to the requirements, and evacuating personnel after checking the test site;
s5, performing a formal test;
a. Parameter setting: setting operation parameters of related loads of a temperature-centrifugal coupling experiment system;
b. load loading: sequentially carrying out temperature, centrifugal load loading, load holding and load changing operation;
c. Load unloading: when the test load meets the test requirement, unloading the temperature and centrifugal load;
S6, test disassembly and assembly; after load unloading, closing the temperature and centrifugal load loading device, opening the sealing valve, and finishing pressure balance; checking test data, opening the furnace after the heating furnace is cooled, checking whether the state of the test piece has a damage phenomenon or not, and recording the condition of a test site; after the data and the on-site state are confirmed, the test piece and the sensor are removed, and the test is finished.
Specifically, in step S3-a, the test piece is horizontally hung into a groove of the clamping groove block or vertically hung into a vertical placing frame and fixed; hoisting the heat loading unit to the far end position of the large arm of the centrifugal machine through a hoisting tool, and fixing a table top connecting plate on the large arm of the centrifugal machine for installation; then, a fairing is sleeved outside the heat loading unit; the temperature sensor and the strain sensor are arranged in the heat loading unit, the vacuum degree sensor is arranged in the fairing, and the fairing is vacuumized through the vacuumizing joint.
Specifically, in step S4-b, the heat loading unit is electrically heated according to the temperature loading conditions. The power supply system conveys heating electricity to the heat loading unit through the power ring and the power cable in the collecting ring of the centrifugal machine, the test piece is heated, the temperature rises, when the temperature reaches the requirement, the rotating motor of the centrifugal machine is started, the centrifugal machine starts to rotate, and centrifugal load is applied to the test piece according to the load loading condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. Compared with the prior art, the application can accurately simulate vacuum, high temperature, centrifugal load and load courses under action scenes such as ground emission, space posture adjustment, space detection, landing and the like of the space isotope heat source product.
2. The fixture unit is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti chromium-nickel stainless steel, can resist the actions of vacuum, high temperature of 550 ℃ and centrifugal load, has the characteristics of small thermal deformation, high strength and the like under the high temperature condition, and can realize the test and examination of temperature-centrifugal composite environments of products with different sizes at the same time; meanwhile, the rotating frame is designed according to different postures of the space isotope heat source, and different posture actions of a test product in the using process are accurately simulated through self-adaptive angle adjustment.
3. The application sets a perfect data testing system, can integrate and detect a plurality of parameters such as temperature, strain, vacuum degree, product state and the like in the testing process, and accurately obtain the product response condition of the tested product in the temperature-centrifugal composite environment.
4. The application standardizes the temperature-centrifugal composite environment test flow of the space isotope heat source product, and provides technical support for the preparation, implementation, evaluation and standardization application of the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat loading unit according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an alloy sheet, a resistance heater, and an insulated shaping plate according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamp unit of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotating frame according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a test method of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device in the application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a space exploration mission carrying scenario.
In the figure: 1-a monitoring room; 2-balancing weight; 3-centrifuge base; 4-a data transfer module; 5-a centrifuge rotating shaft; 6-collecting ring; 7-a data acquisition station; 8-monitoring a camera; 9-data lines; 10-power cable; 11-a heat loading unit; a 111-alloy sheet; 112-quartz sand; 113-resistance wire; 114-a resistive heater; 115-insulating shaping plate; 116-fairing; 12-vacuumizing joint; 13-a clamp unit; 131-heating cylinder; 132—test piece; 133-clamping the belting; 134-a table-board connecting plate; 135-rotating the frame; 1351-vertical placement frame; 136-a slot block.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test apparatus includes:
a centrifuge testing system; the centrifuge test system includes a centrifuge, a fairing 116; the fairing 116 is arranged because very large wind can be generated in the rotation process of the centrifugal machine, and the influence of the wind on equipment can be reduced by adding a cover;
A heat loading unit 11 for providing a heating environment for the test piece 132; the heat loading unit 11 is integrally arranged at the far end of the large arm of the centrifugal machine, the fairing 116 is sleeved outside the heat loading unit 11, the fairing 116 is arranged in a vacuum environment, and the test piece 132 is arranged in the heat loading unit 11;
A data monitoring processing unit; the data monitoring processing unit comprises a monitoring room 1, a data transfer module 4, a data acquisition station 7, a monitoring camera 8, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a vacuum sensor, wherein the vacuum sensor is arranged in a fairing 116, the temperature sensor is arranged in a heat loading unit 11, the strain sensor is arranged in the heat loading unit 11 and is used for deformation measurement of a test piece 132, the monitoring camera 8 is used for state monitoring of the heat loading unit 11, the signal input end of the data acquisition station 7 is respectively connected with the signal output end of the monitoring camera 8, the signal output end of the temperature sensor, the signal output end of the strain sensor and the signal output end of the vacuum sensor, the signal output end of the data acquisition station 7 is connected with the signal input end of the data transfer module 4, and the signal output end of the data transfer module 4 is connected with the signal input end of the monitoring room 1 (the data transfer module 4 is connected with the monitoring room 1 through an optical fiber).
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the heat loading unit 11 includes an alloy sheet 111, a resistive heater 114, an insulating shaping plate 115, and a clamp unit 13, where the alloy sheet 111 and the insulating shaping plate 115 are all in a closed arrangement, the insulating shaping plate 115 is disposed on an outer layer of the alloy sheet 111, an interlayer is formed between the alloy sheet 111 and the insulating shaping plate 115, the resistive heater 114 is disposed in the interlayer, and the clamp unit 13 is disposed inside the alloy sheet 111.
In the present embodiment, the alloy sheet 111 is formed in a closed structure in which a cavity is provided.
As shown in fig. 3, the resistive heater 114 includes quartz sand 112, and a resistive wire 113, the resistive wire 113 being disposed at the center of the interlayer, the quartz sand 112 being filled in the interlayer.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the clamp unit 13 includes a heating cylinder 131, a clamping strap 133, a table top connecting plate 134, and a rotating frame 135; a plurality of groups of clamping groove blocks 136 for horizontally placing the test pieces 132 and a plurality of vertical placing frames 1351 for vertically placing the test pieces 132 are arranged on the rotating frame 135, each group of clamping groove blocks 136 comprises two clamping groove blocks 136, grooves are formed in the clamping groove blocks 136, the test pieces 132 of the clamping groove blocks 136 are horizontally arranged in the two grooves in each group of clamping groove blocks 136, clamping straps 133 are arranged at the upper ends of the grooves, two ends of the clamping straps 133 are connected with the upper ends of the clamping groove blocks 136, and the clamping straps 133 are used for clamping the upper parts of the test pieces 132; the rotary frame 135 is rotatably arranged on the table-board connecting plate 134, and the table-board connecting plate 134 is fixedly arranged on the large arm of the centrifugal machine; the heating cylinder 131 is arranged on the table board connecting plate 134, and the test piece 132, the clamping strap 133 and the rotating frame 135 are all arranged in the heating cylinder 131.
As shown in fig. 2, the vacuum-pumping connection 12 is mounted on the cowling 116.
Preferably, the clamp unit 13 is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti chromium-nickel stainless steel.
As shown in fig. 6, a test method of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device comprises the following steps:
S1, preparing a test in a early stage;
a. determining test items, and making outline and safety strategy: carrying out theoretical calculation according to research requirements, and establishing a related model of temperature and centrifugal load to form a test input file and define target requirements; writing a test outline, formulating a corresponding safety strategy and formulating a related test flow record form;
b. Designing and checking a test fixture: according to the requirements of the test input file and outline, the design and processing of the test fixture are completed, and the test acceptance is organized; simultaneously, carrying out counterweight design on the heating system;
c. preparing a sensor: the test process involves the detection and measurement of temperature, deformation and vacuum degree parameters, and corresponding number of sensors are purchased according to the test requirements;
s2, checking before the test;
a. test piece 132 is nested, initial detection: before the test, checking the certification document of the test piece 132, and recording the checking result;
b. checking, joint test heating and centrifugal loading system: checking the loading and control systems of heat and centrifugal load and the conditions of a sensor test system, and determining that the working state of related equipment is normal;
c. Checking a crane and a lifting appliance: checking test hoisting tools, including the state of a hoisting tool and the weight of an object to be hoisted, so as to ensure that test requirements are met;
d. laboratory related facility inspection: checking real emergency treatment facilities and environmental measures, and confirming that laboratory related facilities meet test requirements;
S3, mounting and testing the test piece 132;
a. Hanging the test piece 132 into a heating furnace, installing the test piece 132 at a corresponding position, and assembling the test piece 132 and a test fixture together according to requirements;
b. installing a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a vacuum sensor, and connecting a test system;
s4, test assembly; completing the encapsulation of the heat loading device according to the requirements of the test outline, vacuumizing according to the requirements, and evacuating personnel after checking the test site;
s5, performing a formal test;
a. Parameter setting: setting operation parameters of related loads of a temperature-centrifugal coupling experiment system;
b. load loading: sequentially carrying out temperature, centrifugal load loading, load holding and load changing operation;
c. Load unloading: when the test load meets the test requirement, unloading the temperature and centrifugal load;
S6, test disassembly and assembly; after load unloading, closing the temperature and centrifugal load loading device, opening the sealing valve, and finishing pressure balance; checking test data, opening the furnace after the heating furnace is cooled, checking whether the state of the test piece 132 has a damage phenomenon or not, and recording the condition of a test site; after the data and the on-site state are confirmed, the test piece 132 and the sensor are removed, and the test is finished.
Specifically, in step S3-a, the test piece 132 is horizontally hung into the groove of the card slot block 136 or the test piece 132 is vertically hung into the vertical placement frame 1351 and fixed; hoisting the heat loading unit 11 to the far end position of the large arm of the centrifugal machine through a hoisting tool, and fixing the table board connecting plate 134 on the large arm of the centrifugal machine for installation; then, the fairing 116 is sleeved outside the heat loading unit 11; a temperature sensor and a strain sensor are installed in the heat loading unit 11, a vacuum sensor is installed in the fairing 116, and the fairing 116 is vacuumized through the vacuuming joint 12 (vacuuming is to simulate a real space use environment).
Specifically, in step S4-b, the heat loading unit 11 is electrically heated according to the temperature load condition. The power supply system transmits heating electricity to the heat loading unit 11 through the power ring and the power cable 10 in the centrifuge collector ring 6, the test piece 132 is heated, the temperature rises, when the temperature reaches the requirement, the centrifuge rotating motor is started, the centrifuge starts to rotate, and centrifugal load is applied to the test piece 132 according to the load loading condition.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present application, the balancing weight 22, the centrifuge base 33, the centrifuge rotating shaft 55, and the collecting ring 66 of the centrifuge are also shown, and since the centrifuge is the prior art, the connection relation of the components of the centrifuge is not described here;
As shown in fig. 1, there is also shown a heating power cable 10 and related data line 99, the heating power cable 10 and related data line 99 being laid inside the centrifuge large arm raceway, the power supply system delivering heating electricity to the heat loading unit 11 through the power ring in the centrifuge collector ring 6, the heating power cable 10; the data line 99 is used for transmitting data of the temperature sensor, the strain sensor and the vacuum sensor;
The working principle of the application is as follows: firstly, balancing calculation of the weight is carried out by combining the centrifugal machine balancing weight 2 according to the heat loading device and the quality of the product and by utilizing the lever principle, and the positioning of the balancing weight 2 is obtained. The space isotope heat source test piece 132 and the heat loading unit 11 are arranged at the corresponding position of the large arm of the centrifugal machine through a lifting appliance, the power cable 10 and a related data acquisition system are paved, and the vacuum pumping treatment is carried out on the heating sealing cavity. And after the test preparation work is finished, the heating device is electrically heated according to the temperature load condition. The power supply system transmits heating electricity to the heating device through a power ring, a power cable 10 and the like in the collector ring 6 of the centrifugal machine, and the isotope heat source is heated and the temperature rises. When the temperature reaches the requirement, a rotary motor of the centrifugal machine is started, the centrifugal machine starts to rotate, and centrifugal load is applied to the space isotope power supply according to the load loading condition. And (5) loading the temperature and acceleration composite environmental load of the space isotope heat source.
Heat loading device under centrifugal, vacuum environment:
The main structure of the heat loading unit 11 is shown in fig. 2. In order to be consistent with the real use environment of the space isotope heat source, the heating unit adopts a sealed main body structural design, and the vacuum pumping joint 12, the vacuum degree sensor and other components are arranged.
The heat loading device adopts a modularized design, and the power supply supplies power to the heat loading device through the power ring. The application also comprises a power regulator and a temperature control unit which are both arranged in the monitoring room 1; the power regulator is sent out through the power ring of the collector ring 6, the temperature control unit is sent out by the control room through the signal ring of the collector ring 6, and the power regulator and the temperature control unit are both arranged in the monitoring room 1, so that the space of the far end of the large arm of the centrifugal machine is saved, and the weight is reduced. Inside the heat loading unit 11, a layer of TZM (titanium chromium molybdenum) alloy sheet 111 with the thickness of 3mm is covered, and under the high-temperature environment condition, the TZM alloy still has the yield strength of 1000Mpa and the fracture toughness of 30Mpa/m 2, and has very good mechanical properties. As well as providing support for the overall mechanical stability of the thermal loading unit 11.
As shown in fig. 3. Inside the resistive heater 114, the covered TZM (titanium chromium molybdenum) alloy thin plate 111 can improve heating efficiency, improving temperature uniformity of the heating space because: 1. the thermal conductivity coefficient of the TZM alloy is 146W/(m.K), the contacted heat can be rapidly transferred to the internal heating space in a radiation mode, and the isotope heat source product in the internal space is promoted to be rapidly heated, so that the heat loading efficiency is improved; 2. because TZM alloy has high heat conductivity coefficient, even better than brass metal (TZM alloy has heat conductivity coefficient of 146W/(m.K), and brass has heat conductivity coefficient of 125.6W/(m.K)), the heat balance temperature is extremely fast and the temperature field uniformity is better than that of the conventional aluminum alloy and steel components; 3. common metal materials such as aluminum, copper and the like can be softened at a high temperature of more than 500 ℃, while TZM alloy can still maintain the compressive strength of 600Mpa at 1000 ℃, has better hardness, and can not be crystallized and embrittled in a vacuum environment. The TZM heat radiation plate is designed on the inner side of the heating unit, the rapid heating function under vacuum, centrifugation and high temperature environment is realized through the physical characteristics of TZM alloy, the TZM radiation plate is designed, a high temperature radiation field environment is provided, and compared with the traditional technology, the loading of high temperature load can be realized in the vacuum environment. And the radiation uniformity is improved.
Similarly, a heat insulating molding plate 115 made of aluminum silicate is bonded to the outside of the resistance heater 114. This is because the heat conductivity of the aluminum silicate insulation board is 0.8W/(mK), which is very small. Therefore, the heat transferred to the outside is hardly transferred to the outside by the heat-blocking effect of the heat-insulating mold plate 115, and the heat overflow is reduced and the heating efficiency is improved. The outside of the heating unit is provided with a heat insulation board made of aluminum silicate material, and the heat insulation cover is sleeved outside the heating unit.
The resistance heater 114 adopts a sealed structure, so that the discharge phenomenon that the heating resistance wire 113 is electrified at a high temperature in a vacuum environment is avoided. The resistor is filled with MgO quartz sand 112, when in use, the two ends of the resistor are electrified, the resistance wire 113 heats, and the heat is rapidly transferred outwards.
The clamp unit 13 is designed:
1) The clamping of the test clamp in high temperature, centrifugal and vacuum environments provides new requirements, including high temperature resistance at 550 ℃, small thermal deformation under the temperature condition, certain rigidity and strength indexes and the like, and no standard clamp design requirements in the use environment of space isotope heat source products exist at present. In order to meet the clamping requirement of the test piece 132, the application selects 1Cr18Ni9Ti chromium-nickel stainless steel for clamp design through a large number of researches and analysis and calculation. Under the high temperature condition of 600 ℃, the linear expansion coefficient is not more than 18.2 multiplied by 10 -6 m/DEG C, the elastic modulus is 157Gpa, the melting point temperature is 1400 ℃, and the use requirement of the space isotope heat source temperature-centrifugal composite environment test is met.
2) In the deep space exploration task, the power and the size of the isotope heat source are different according to different task requirements, so that the adaptability of the composite environment test equipment is improved, the cost is reduced, and particularly, the clamp unit 13 is subjected to porous modular design. As shown in fig. 5.
In the rotating frame 135, product grooves suitable for products with multiple models are designed according to different sizes, and temperature-centrifugal composite environment tests of space isotope heat source products with different sizes and multiple numbers can be simultaneously carried out.
3) In the temperature-centrifuge composite environment test, the acceleration direction to which the test piece 132 is subjected is a position along the large arm toward the centrifuge shaft 5. However, in a real space exploration task, taking a lunar process of a certain isotope heat source product as an example, the emission that the isotope heat source needs to undergo is carried in a scene shown in fig. 7. The process of earth berthing orbit, initial attitude establishment, orbit correction, orbit injection around the moon, orbit injection during landing transfer, soft moon landing and the like is required to be carried out from the earth ground to the landing moon surface.
It follows that the login process is a process in which the posture is continuously adjusted. The centrifugal force direction to which the spatial isotope heat source product is subjected also varies significantly during the process. In the rotation process of the centrifugal machine, the centrifugal load direction is along the large arm to the rotating shaft, and the load direction change condition in the space isotope heat source emission process cannot be simulated truly. In order to accurately simulate the actual load conditions applied to the test product during use, ground-air consistency is achieved. The application designs a rotary bottom plate device, a rotary frame 135 is arranged in a bottom connecting plate, the rotary device is preferably adopted to regulate and control the rotation of the rotary frame 135, the rotary device can be selected as a rotary air cylinder component and a motor component, the gesture of a test piece 132 can be automatically regulated according to the test requirement in the test process, and the gesture self-adaptive regulation in the space isotope heat source login process is realized.
A data monitoring processing unit:
In the temperature-centrifugal composite environment test process, in order to accurately acquire various data of the test piece 132 product, the application adopts a K-type thermocouple to measure the product temperature; the customized strain gauge is adopted, the spraying process is adopted to attach to the surface of the test piece 132, the resistance grid type base is utilized to obtain the resistance signal change condition of the product caused by deformation, and the deformation of the product under the high-temperature and centrifugal composite load is measured; in addition, the application also provides equipment such as a monitoring camera 8 and the like for monitoring the state of the test piece 132.
The test method is:
in order to normalize the implementation process of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment test of the space isotope heat source, the patent makes a test flow aiming at the aspects of organization implementation, file formulation, test program and the like of the test, as shown in fig. 6.
(1) Early preparation of test
A. Determining test items, and making outline and safety strategy: according to the research requirement, theoretical calculation is carried out, and a relevant model of temperature, centrifugal load and the like are established so as to form a test input file and define the purpose requirement. Writing a test outline, formulating a corresponding safety strategy and formulating a related test flow record table.
B. designing and checking a test fixture: according to the requirements of the test input file and outline, the design, the processing and the organization of the test fixture are completed, and the test acceptance is carried out; and meanwhile, the counterweight design is carried out on the heating system.
C. preparing a sensor: the test process involves the detection and measurement of parameters such as temperature, deformation, vacuum degree and the like, and corresponding number of sensors are purchased according to the test requirements.
(2) Pre-test inspection
A. test piece 132 is nested, initial detection: prior to testing, test pieces 132 are inspected for product certification or other documentation and the results of the inspection are recorded.
B. checking, joint test heating and centrifugal loading system: and (5) checking the loading of heat and centrifugal load, a control system and a sensor test system, and determining that the working state of related equipment is normal.
C. checking a crane and a lifting appliance: and checking the test hoisting tools such as a crane, a hoisting rope and the like, including the state of the hoisting tool, the weight of the object to be hoisted and the like, so as to ensure that the test requirements are met.
D. Laboratory related facility inspection: the emergency treatment of laboratory fire protection, electric power protection, personnel safety passage and the like is performed, and environmental measures are checked to confirm that laboratory related facilities and the like meet test requirements.
(3) Product installation test assembly
A. The product is hung into a heating furnace, and is installed at a corresponding position, and the test piece 132 and the test fixture are assembled together as required.
B. and installing sensors such as temperature and strain and connecting the sensors with a test system.
(4) Test assembly
And (3) packaging the heat loading device according to the requirements of the test outline, vacuumizing according to the requirements, and evacuating personnel after checking the test site.
(5) Formal test
A. Parameter setting: setting the operation parameters of the related load of the heat-centrifugal coupling experimental system.
B. load loading: and (3) sequentially loading (temperature and centrifugation) the load, maintaining the load, finishing the load change and the like.
C. Load unloading: and when the test load meets the requirements of the test input file and the test outline, the heat and centrifugal load is unloaded.
(6) Test disassembly and assembly
After load is unloaded, the heat and centrifugal load loading device is closed, and the sealing valve is opened to complete pressure balance. And (3) checking test data, opening the furnace after the heating furnace is cooled, checking whether the state of the test piece 132 is damaged or not, and recording the test site condition. After the data and the on-site status are confirmed, the test piece 132, the sensor and the like are removed, and the test is ended.
The application discloses a temperature-centrifugal load simulation device for simulating full-process environment from ground emission to deep space exploration. The vacuum, high temperature and centrifugal load environment in the space isotope heat source emission process can be simulated truly. And is successfully applied to a certain deep space exploration task.
According to the rotating frame 135, the gesture of the test piece 132 product is adjusted through self-adaptive rotation of the rotating frame 135, so that the product gesture change from the emission to the track correction, gesture adjustment, injection, login and other links of the space isotope heat source product can be accurately and conveniently simulated.
The application is provided with a complete data detection unit, including temperature, vacuum degree, strain, image monitoring and the like, can conveniently obtain the physical property parameter change of the product in the load loading process in real time, and provides data support for improved design and product evaluation.
According to the application, a temperature-centrifugal composite environment test method and a test flow of a space isotope heat source are formulated, the method is applied to a certain deep space detection task, and the test steps and operations of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment test related to the space detector test piece 132 can be standardized by the test method formulated by the application, so that technical support is provided for standardized development and standardized research of related tests.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a temperature-centrifugal composite environment examination test device which characterized in that includes:
A centrifuge testing system; the centrifuge test system comprises a centrifuge and a fairing;
A heat loading unit for providing a heating environment for the test piece; the heat loading unit is integrally arranged at the far end of the large arm of the centrifugal machine, the fairing is sleeved outside the heat loading unit, the fairing is arranged in a vacuum environment, and the test piece is arranged in the heat loading unit; the heat loading unit comprises an alloy sheet, a resistance heater, a heat-insulating shaping plate and a clamp unit, wherein the alloy sheet and the heat-insulating shaping plate are arranged in a closed mode, the heat-insulating shaping plate is arranged on the outer layer of the alloy sheet, an interlayer is formed between the alloy sheet and the heat-insulating shaping plate, the resistance heater is arranged in the interlayer, and the clamp unit is arranged in the alloy sheet;
A data monitoring processing unit; the data monitoring processing unit comprises a monitoring room, a data transfer module, a data acquisition station, a monitoring camera, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a vacuum sensor, wherein the vacuum sensor is arranged in the fairing, the temperature sensor is arranged in the heat loading unit, the strain sensor is arranged in the heat loading unit and is used for deformation measurement of a test piece, the monitoring camera is used for state monitoring of the heat loading unit, the signal input end of the data acquisition station is respectively connected with the signal output end of the monitoring camera, the signal output end of the temperature sensor, the signal output end of the strain sensor and the signal output end of the vacuum sensor, the signal output end of the data acquisition station is connected with the signal input end of the data transfer module, and the signal output end of the data transfer module is connected with the signal input end of the monitoring room.
2. The temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device according to claim 1, wherein the resistance heater comprises quartz sand and a resistance wire, the resistance wire is arranged at the center of the interlayer, and the quartz sand is filled in the interlayer.
3. The temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device according to claim 1, wherein the clamp unit comprises a heating cylinder, a clamping strap, a table top connecting plate and a rotating frame; a plurality of groups of clamping groove blocks for horizontally placing test pieces and a plurality of vertical placing frames for vertically placing the test pieces are arranged on the rotating frame, each group of clamping groove blocks comprises two clamping groove blocks, grooves are formed in the clamping groove blocks, the test pieces of the clamping groove blocks are horizontally arranged in the two grooves on each group of clamping groove blocks, clamping wrapping bands are arranged at the upper ends of the grooves, the two ends of each clamping wrapping band are connected with the upper ends of the corresponding clamping groove blocks, and the clamping wrapping bands are used for clamping the upper parts of the test pieces; the rotary frame is rotatably arranged on a table-board connecting plate which is fixedly arranged on a large arm of the centrifugal machine; the heating cylinder is arranged on the table top connecting plate, and the test piece, the clamping belting and the rotating frame are all arranged in the heating cylinder.
4. The temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a vacuum-pumping joint is installed on the fairing.
5. The temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the jig unit is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti chromium-nickel stainless steel.
6. The test method of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
S1, preparing a test in a early stage;
a. determining test items, and making outline and safety strategy: carrying out theoretical calculation according to research requirements, and establishing a related model of temperature and centrifugal load to form a test input file and define target requirements; writing a test outline, formulating a corresponding safety strategy and formulating a related test flow record form;
b. Designing and checking a test fixture: according to the requirements of the test input file and outline, the design and processing of the test fixture are completed, and the test acceptance is organized; simultaneously, carrying out counterweight design on the heating system;
c. preparing a sensor: the test process involves the detection and measurement of temperature, deformation and vacuum degree parameters, and corresponding number of sensors are purchased according to the test requirements;
s2, checking before the test;
a. Test piece alignment, initial detection: before the test, checking the proof file of the test piece, and recording the checking result;
b. checking, joint test heating and centrifugal loading system: checking the loading and control systems of heat and centrifugal load and the conditions of a sensor test system, and determining that the working state of related equipment is normal;
c. Checking a crane and a lifting appliance: checking test hoisting tools, including the state of a hoisting tool and the weight of an object to be hoisted, so as to ensure that test requirements are met;
d. laboratory related facility inspection: checking real emergency treatment facilities and environmental measures, and confirming that laboratory related facilities meet test requirements;
s3, mounting, testing and assembling a test piece;
a. hanging the test piece into a heating furnace, installing the test piece at a corresponding position, and assembling the test piece and a test clamp together according to requirements;
b. installing a temperature sensor, a strain sensor and a vacuum sensor, and connecting a test system;
s4, test assembly; completing the encapsulation of the heat loading device according to the requirements of the test outline, vacuumizing according to the requirements, and evacuating personnel after checking the test site;
s5, performing a formal test;
a. Parameter setting: setting operation parameters of related loads of a temperature-centrifugal coupling experiment system;
b. load loading: sequentially carrying out temperature, centrifugal load loading, load holding and load changing operation;
c. Load unloading: when the test load meets the test requirement, unloading the temperature and centrifugal load;
S6, test disassembly and assembly; after load unloading, closing the temperature and centrifugal load loading device, opening the sealing valve, and finishing pressure balance; checking test data, opening the furnace after the heating furnace is cooled, checking whether the state of the test piece has a damage phenomenon or not, and recording the condition of a test site; after the data and the on-site state are confirmed, the test piece and the sensor are removed, and the test is finished.
7. The test method of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device according to claim 6, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in the step S3-a, horizontally hanging the test piece into a groove of the clamping groove block or vertically hanging the test piece into a vertical placing frame and fixing the test piece; hoisting the heat loading unit to the far end position of the large arm of the centrifugal machine through a hoisting tool, and fixing a table top connecting plate on the large arm of the centrifugal machine for installation; then, a fairing is sleeved outside the heat loading unit; the temperature sensor and the strain sensor are arranged in the heat loading unit, the vacuum degree sensor is arranged in the fairing, and the fairing is vacuumized through the vacuumizing joint.
8. The test method of the temperature-centrifugal composite environment assessment test device according to claim 6, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S4-b, the heat loading unit is electrically heated according to the temperature load condition; the power supply system conveys heating electricity to the heat loading unit through the power ring and the power cable in the collecting ring of the centrifugal machine, the test piece is heated, the temperature rises, when the temperature reaches the requirement, the rotating motor of the centrifugal machine is started, the centrifugal machine starts to rotate, and centrifugal load is applied to the test piece according to the load loading condition.
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| CN112525578B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-07 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Environmental test device and test method for self-heating device |
| CN114878197B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-06-02 | 南京理工大学 | Ground test method for verifying low-impact emission and reliability attachment of space |
| CN115389347B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-07-23 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Separating type heat loading device for high-temperature high-speed impact test of large-mass part |
| CN117141741B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-08-06 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Temperature-centrifugal environment simulation device and test method for energetic material aircraft |
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| CN102124314B (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2013-02-06 | 测试设备公司 | Systems and methods for producing thermal mechanical fatigue on gas turbine rotors in a spin test environment |
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