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CN111440831B - Method for enhancing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation production of volatile fatty acid and dehydration performance by using eggshell conditioning and application thereof - Google Patents

Method for enhancing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation production of volatile fatty acid and dehydration performance by using eggshell conditioning and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111440831B
CN111440831B CN202010287854.8A CN202010287854A CN111440831B CN 111440831 B CN111440831 B CN 111440831B CN 202010287854 A CN202010287854 A CN 202010287854A CN 111440831 B CN111440831 B CN 111440831B
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罗景阳
黄文轩
郭文
吴瑒
章钦
李超
冯骞
方芳
薛朝霞
操家顺
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Hohai University HHU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/54—Acetic acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for enhancing the production of volatile fatty acid and dehydration performance of kitchen waste by anaerobic fermentation through egg shell tempering and application thereof, the method comprises the steps of crushing collected kitchen waste into slurry, obtaining an anaerobic fermentation substrate and placing the anaerobic fermentation substrate in a reactor; adding the concentrated sludge into a reactor of a sewage plant as inoculated sludge; crushing waste egg shells, adding egg shell powder into an anaerobic fermentation sample, then removing oxygen, sealing a reactor, stirring to uniformly mix substances in the reactor, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation to produce acid. The invention prepares VFAs by anaerobic fermentation by taking the kitchen waste as a raw material, can synchronously realize the reduction and the resource utilization (production of volatile fatty acid) of the kitchen waste, egg shells and other organic wastes, improves the dehydration performance of fermentation residues, and provides an economic, effective, green and environment-friendly method for organic waste treatment.

Description

Method for enhancing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation production of volatile fatty acid and dehydration performance by using eggshell conditioning and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and resource utilization, and relates to a method for promoting the efficiency of producing volatile fatty acid by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste and improving the dehydration performance of fermentation residues.
Background
With the progress of urbanization and the improvement of the living standard of people, organic wastes such as kitchen waste and the like generated in large quantity gradually become one of the factors which troubles the urban environment quality. The worldwide production of kitchen waste in 2012 is statistically up to 16 hundred million tons and continues to increase at a rate of 4.4% per year. In china, the amount of kitchen waste produced is currently increasing at a rate of 10%, accounting for 40-50% of municipal solid organic waste. On one hand, the large amount of kitchen waste brings a series of problems of affecting the appearance of the market, harming the health, spreading diseases, polluting water sources and the environment and the like. On the other hand, a large amount of organic matters in the kitchen waste are also a potential resource if the organic matters can be effectively utilized and recycled. It is predicted that the generation of Chinese kitchen waste will reach 1.4 million tons in 2020, and the energy contained in the waste is equivalent to the electricity generation of 1000 million tons of coal. Therefore, the kitchen waste has huge resource recovery potential and environmental and economic benefits.
The realization of the treatment of the kitchen waste through anaerobic fermentation is one of the current research hotspots. The anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste can form Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), methane and other energy substances. Among them, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) are important organic substrates for biosynthesis of plastics and microbial fuel cells as intermediates of anaerobic fermentation. In addition, the VFAs can also be used as an effective carbon source of a sewage treatment plant so as to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of sewage. Therefore, in recent years, efficient production of VFAs from organic wastes such as kitchen waste as fermentation substrates has attracted much attention in the environmental field. Anaerobic fermentation acidogenesis is mainly accomplished by functional microorganisms, and therefore the activity and vitality of the acidogenesis determine the efficacy of the final anaerobic fermentation. However, anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste often leads to rapid decrease of system pH due to initial hydrolytic acidification, which in turn inhibits the activity of fermenting microorganisms. The online regulation and control of chemical agents (such as NaOH) not only has complex operation and increased operation cost, but also can generate secondary environmental pollution, and limits the large-scale application of the chemical agents in practical engineering to a certain extent.
In recent years, the consumption demand of Chinese egg products is continuously and rapidly increased, and the average egg of all people is increased by 51 percent in the last 10 years, and the average egg of all people occupies 22 kilograms. The eggshells left after the eggs are eaten are generally discarded as waste, and certain environmental load is generated. However, no report on the research on the utilization of eggshells to regulate and control the enhanced fermentation and acid production of kitchen waste has been found so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for enhancing the production and dehydration performance of volatile fatty acid by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste by using eggshell conditioning, the method can effectively solve the problems of low yield of volatile fatty acid and the like caused by the reduction of pH and the inhibition of microbial activity in the acid production process of the anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste, and calcium ions rich in the eggshell can improve the dehydration performance of a fermented product and reduce the volume of fermentation residues.
The invention can synchronously realize the reduction and the resource utilization (volatile fatty acid production) of the kitchen waste, and provides an economic and effective technical measure for the treatment of organic wastes.
The invention also provides volatile fatty acid produced by the method for enhancing the dehydration performance and producing the volatile fatty acid by anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste by using egg shell tempering and application thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the method for enhancing the anaerobic fermentation production and dehydration performance of kitchen waste by using eggshell conditioning according to the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the collected kitchen waste into pulp, and placing an obtained anaerobic fermentation substrate in a reactor;
(2) adding the concentrated sludge into a reactor of a sewage plant as inoculated sludge;
(3) crushing waste egg shells, adding egg shell powder into an anaerobic fermentation substrate, then removing oxygen, sealing a reactor, stirring to uniformly mix substances in the reactor, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation to produce acid.
Wherein, the kitchen waste in the step (1) is kitchen waste with solid content of 5-20%. The kitchen waste is generally directly recovered from a restaurant or a canteen, mainly cooked rice is taken as a main material, a small amount of vegetables such as meat and vegetables are crushed into slurry, and preferably the kitchen waste slurry with the solid content of about 10 percent is adopted, namely about 10g of kitchen waste per 100mL of kitchen waste slurry.
Wherein the inoculated sludge in the step (2) is the secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of the sewage plant, and 10-20% of the secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of the sewage plant is added according to the content of organic matters, specifically, the mass of the organic matters in the added secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of the sewage plant accounts for 10-20% of the total mass of the secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of the sewage plant and the organic matters in the kitchen waste; preferably, 10 percent of secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of the sewage plant is added according to the organic matter content.
Preferably, the addition amount of the eggshell powder in the step (3) is 0.01-0.2 g/g dry weight of fermentation substrate and sludge, and the abandoned eggshell only needs to be crushed conventionally.
Preferably, the removing of oxygen in step (3) is nitrogen charging and oxygen removal.
Preferably, in the stirring step (3), the system materials in the reactor are uniformly mixed at 180 to 200 rpm. Preferably, the fermentation days for anaerobic fermentation in the step (3) are controlled to be 4-7 d, and the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃;
the invention relates to volatile fatty acid produced by a method for enhancing the anaerobic fermentation production and dehydration performance of kitchen waste by using eggshell conditioning.
Wherein the volatile fatty acids comprise acetic acid and valeric acid.
The fermentation residue with better dehydration performance is obtained by the method for producing volatile fatty acid and dehydration performance by utilizing eggshell tempering and strengthening anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste.
The basic principle of enhancing the VFAs production and dehydration performance of the kitchen waste by anaerobic fermentation through eggshell conditioning in the invention is as follows:
the eggshell contains a large amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO)3) The acid inhibition effect of pH reduction in the anaerobic fermentation process of the kitchen waste on anaerobic fermentation microorganisms in a fermentation system can be effectively neutralized and relieved; CaCO3CO formed by reaction with acids2Can be used as a synthetic substrate of homoacetogenic bacteria to synthesize VFAs such as acetic acid and the like, and relieve the acid inhibition effect; in addition, the metal elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, etc. contained in the egg shell are anaerobic microorganismsThe indispensable trace elements can effectively improve the enzymatic activity and metabolic activity of the fermentation microorganisms, thereby improving the hydrolysis acidification step in the fermentation process and finally greatly improving the yield of VFAs. Meanwhile, high-concentration calcium ions released by the waste egg shells can be beneficial to flocculation and precipitation of soluble organic matters (such as carbohydrate of fermentation substrates, extracellular polymer EPS formed by protein and the like), and the egg shell powder can be used as a framework to compress and release adsorption water in fermentation residues, so that the dehydration performance of the fermentation residues is improved.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention prepares VFAs by anaerobic fermentation by taking the kitchen waste as a raw material, can synchronously realize the reduction and the resource utilization (production of volatile fatty acid) of the kitchen waste, egg shells and other organic wastes, improves the dehydration performance of fermentation residues, and provides an economic, effective, green and environment-friendly method for organic waste treatment.
The adding of the egg shell powder can obviously improve the efficiency of producing volatile fatty acid by anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste; can obviously improve the dehydration performance of the fermentation residues.
The VFAs produced by the invention are important intermediate products in the anaerobic fermentation process of the sludge, can be used as raw materials for synthesizing substances such as paint, coating, cosmetics and the like, are necessary organic carbon sources for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal of sewage, and can effectively make up for the defect of insufficient organic carbon sources in the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process of the municipal sewage treatment plant.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 10% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate (150mL), and simultaneously adding 10% of secondary sedimentation tank sludge (based on the content of organic matters) to be mixed as inoculation sludge (200 mL of sludge, the concentration of which is 20g dry weight/L);
(2) adding 0.01g/g TSS (kitchen waste and sludge dry weight) of crushed egg shell powder into a reactor, filling nitrogen into the reactor to remove oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by using mechanical stirring (180rpm), and then reacting. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 4d, the maximum content of VFAs is 5345.5mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time (CST, one of important indexes for evaluating the dehydration performance) of the fermentation residues is 820.4 s.
Example 2
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 10% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate (150mL), and simultaneously adding 10% of secondary sedimentation tank sludge (based on the content of organic matters) to be mixed as inoculation sludge (200 mL of sludge, the concentration of which is 20g dry weight/L);
(2) adding 0.02g/g TSS into the reactor, filling nitrogen into the reactor to expel oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, and uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by using mechanical stirring (180rpm) to perform reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 6d, the maximum content of VFAs is 13860.0mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of the fermentation residues is 670.4 s.
Example 3
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 10% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate (150mL), and simultaneously adding 10% of secondary sedimentation tank sludge (based on the content of organic matters) to be mixed as inoculation sludge (200 mL of sludge, the concentration of which is 20g dry weight/L);
(2) adding 0.1g/g TSS (total suspended solids) of eggshell powder into a reactor, filling nitrogen into the reactor to expel oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, and uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by using mechanical stirring (180rpm) to perform reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 7d, the maximum content of VFAs is 26890.5mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of the fermentation residues is 189.5 s.
Example 4
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 10% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate (150mL), and simultaneously adding 10% of secondary sedimentation tank sludge (based on the content of organic matters) to be mixed as inoculation sludge (200 mL of sludge, the concentration of which is 20g dry weight/L);
(2) adding 0.20g/g TSS into the reactor, filling nitrogen into the reactor to expel oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, and uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by using mechanical stirring (180rpm) to perform reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 5d, the maximum content of VFAs is 28120.8mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of the fermentation residues is 169.0 s.
Example 5
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 10% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate (150mL), and simultaneously adding 10% of secondary sedimentation tank sludge (based on the content of organic matters) to be mixed as inoculation sludge (200 mL of sludge, the concentration of which is 20g dry weight/L);
(2) adding 0.10g/g TSS into the reactor, charging nitrogen into the reactor to expel oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, and uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by mechanical stirring (180rpm) for reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 7d, the maximum content of VFAs is 19508.2mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of the fermentation residues is 208.5 s.
Example 6
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste serous fluid with solid content of 5% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate, and simultaneously adding 20% (by organic matter content) of secondary sedimentation tank sludge to be mixed as inoculation sludge;
(2) adding the crushed egg shell powder into a reactor with the dosage of 0.1g/g TSS, filling nitrogen into the reactor to expel oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, and uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by using mechanical stirring (200rpm) to perform reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 5d, the maximum content of VFAs is 7256.5mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of the fermentation residues is 190.2 s.
Example 7
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 20% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate, and simultaneously adding 15% (by organic matter content) of secondary sedimentation tank sludge to be mixed to serve as inoculation sludge;
(2) adding the crushed egg shell powder into a reactor with the dosage of 0.15g/g TSS, filling nitrogen into the reactor to expel oxygen for 10min, sealing the reactor, uniformly mixing fermentation substrates by using mechanical stirring (200rpm), and then carrying out reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled at 30 deg.C, the fermentation days is controlled at 6d, the maximum content of VFAs is 38150.9mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of fermentation residue is 400.3 s.
Comparative example 1
(1) Adding a certain amount of kitchen waste slurry with solid content of 10% into a serum bottle with a working volume of 600mL as a fermentation substrate (150mL), and simultaneously adding 10% of secondary sedimentation tank sludge (based on the content of organic matters) to be mixed as inoculation sludge (200 mL of sludge, the concentration of which is 20g dry weight/L);
(2) the egg shell powder is not added into the reactor, the reactor is filled with nitrogen to expel oxygen for 10min, the reactor is sealed, and fermentation substrates are uniformly mixed by mechanical stirring (180rpm) for reaction. Wherein the fermentation reaction temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃, the fermentation days are controlled to be 6d, the maximum content of VFAs is 2430.9mg COD/L, and the capillary water absorption time of the fermentation residues is 1108.3 s.
The parameter conditions and results of examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of the conditioning of waste egg shells on the production of VFAs and dehydration performance of kitchen waste by anaerobic fermentation
Figure BDA0002448128770000051
Figure BDA0002448128770000061
Therefore, the maximum accumulation concentration and time of fermentation products VFAs are obviously improved by modifying the anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste through the waste eggshells. The maximum accumulated amount of VFAs of comparative example 1 reached 2430.9mg COD/L at 6d, but could reach 11980.0mg COD/L at 5d and 13860.0mg COD/L at 6d in a reactor with 0.02g egg shell/g TSS; in the reactor with 0.20g egg shell/g TSS, the accumulated amount of VFAs can reach 28120.8mg COD/L in the 5 th day, which is 11.5 times that in the comparative example 1. In addition, the fermentation temperature also influences the anaerobic fermentation acid production of the waste eggshell modified kitchen waste. Also added was 0.10g egg shell/g TSS reactor VFAs concentration of 26890.5mg COD/L for 35 ℃ fermentation and 19508.2mg COD/L for 25 ℃ fermentation. Meanwhile, the waste eggshell can improve the dehydration performance of fermentation residues by modifying the anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste, the capillary water absorption time of the comparative example 1 is up to 1108.3s, and the addition of the eggshell is obviously reduced and is only 169.0s under the condition of 0.20g/g TSS concentration.

Claims (5)

1. A method for enhancing the anaerobic fermentation production and dehydration performance of kitchen waste by using eggshell conditioning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing the collected kitchen waste into pulp, and placing an obtained anaerobic fermentation substrate in a reactor;
(2) adding the concentrated sludge into a reactor of a sewage plant as inoculated sludge;
(3) crushing waste egg shells, adding egg shell powder into an anaerobic fermentation substrate, removing oxygen, sealing a reactor, stirring to uniformly mix substances in the reactor, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation to produce acid;
the addition amount of the eggshell powder in the step (3) is 0.01-0.2 g/g fermentation substrate and sludge; the fermentation days for anaerobic fermentation in the step (3) are controlled to be 4-7 d, and the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃.
2. The method for enhancing the production of volatile fatty acid and the dehydration performance of the kitchen waste by anaerobic fermentation through egg shell tempering according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste in the step (1) is kitchen waste with solid content of 5-20%.
3. The method for enhancing the anaerobic fermentation production of volatile fatty acid and dehydration performance of kitchen waste by using eggshell conditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculated sludge in step (2) is secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of sewage plant, and 10-20% of secondary sedimentation tank concentrated sludge of sewage plant is added according to organic matter content.
4. The method for enhancing the production and dehydration performance of volatile fatty acid by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste through egg shell tempering according to claim 1, wherein the removing oxygen in step (3) is nitrogen charging and oxygen scavenging.
5. The method for enhancing the production and dehydration performance of the kitchen waste by anaerobic fermentation through egg shell tempering according to claim 1, wherein the stirring in the step (3) is performed to uniformly mix the system materials in the reactor at 180-200 rpm.
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CN112877374B (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-12-06 河海大学 Application of resourcefully treated lobster shells in production of acetic acid and propionic acid
CN113578919B (en) * 2021-07-19 2022-09-09 上海大学 Method for improving dehydration performance of kitchen waste anaerobic digestion biogas residues
CN114395588A (en) * 2022-01-14 2022-04-26 江南大学 Method for preparing environment-friendly snow melting agent by utilizing kitchen slurry

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