CN111434419A

CN111434419A - Intelligent 3D space profile forming equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111434419A
Application number: CN202010253700.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘贵朋
Original assignee: Chongqing Linghe Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Linghe Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-02
Filing date: 2020-04-02
Publication date: 2020-07-21

Abstract

The invention discloses intelligent 3D space profile forming equipment which comprises a machine table, wherein a propelling mechanism, a bending die and a spherical bearing are sequentially arranged on the machine table, pipes are jointly arranged in the propelling mechanism, a guiding mechanism, the bending die and the spherical bearing, the propelling mechanism comprises a pipe feeding motor fixedly arranged on one side of the machine table and a pipe conveying chain positioned on one end of the machine table, and a pipe feeding push plate is arranged on the pipe conveying chain. With the rapid development and wide application of the technology in the field of aviation manufacturing in China, the integral level of manufacturing of aviation complex hollow components in China is certainly promoted to be greatly improved, and the product quality and the production efficiency of the parts are greatly improved. With the continuous deepening and perfecting of relevant basic theory research and the rapid development of numerical simulation technology, complex multi-axis control system, reverse scanning system aiming at complex bent pipes and other relevant technologies, the 3D space forming technology is bound to obtain important application in the field of engineering manufacturing of aviation and the like in China.

Description

Intelligent 3D space profile forming equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pipe forming processing, in particular to intelligent 3D space profile forming equipment.

Background

The 3D spatial bending forming technique was first proposed by 3 researchers of japan together with Makoto Murata, ShinjiOhashi, Hideo Suzuki, and relevant studies on the technique were first developed around finite element numerical simulation and a relevant mathematical model of the pipe bending process. With the gradual improvement of related basic scientific research, a plurality of enterprises in Japan and Germany successively put forward commercialized free bending forming equipment, but the research on the aspect of 3D space bending forming in China starts relatively late, in 2014, the 3D space bending forming equipment and the bending principle are firstly published and reported in China in the middle aviation industry, and the advantages of the technology relative to the traditional hollow member bending forming technology are introduced.

The 3D space bending forming technology has potential advantages in the fields of aerospace, locomotive, medical treatment and other manufacturing engineering, and the later applicable range is very wide. The bending part with the complex special-shaped section is particularly applied to the fields of aviation, railway locomotives, medical treatment, buildings, home furnishing, industrial equipment, automobiles and other industries, mainly plays roles in conveying, supporting, sealing, connecting and the like of various important media, and is also widely applied as a force bearing structural part. At present, common forming methods for metal complex bending components mainly comprise bending by winding, stretch bending, press bending, push bending, roll bending and the like, but the existing bending methods are suitable for bending and forming pipes with simpler geometric shapes and discontinuously changed bending radiuses. For space curved members or complex curved members with continuously varying bending radii, there are certain limitations: bending of complex hollow members has some common problems, mainly including springback, excessive distortion of the cross section, uneven wall thickness of the bent section, etc. after bending of the hollow members. Due to many influencing factors, for a bending component with more complex characteristics, a plurality of algorithms are required to be applied to carry out systematic research on bending deformation rules. The intelligent 3D space forming technology is an important technical innovation in the field of plastic forming in recent years, but does not represent that the existing intelligent 3D space technology reaches the perfect world, and more importantly, the research on the 3D bending forming technology in China is less at present, and as an efficient and accurate manufacturing technology for a bending piece with a complex special-shaped section, the technology is not only lack of sufficient competitiveness, but also has the defect of insufficient functions in the actual operation process.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that high-precision bending forming processing of special-shaped pipes is difficult in the prior art, and provides intelligent 3D space section forming equipment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an intelligence 3D space section bar former, includes the board, install advancing mechanism, guiding mechanism, bending die and spherical bearing on the board in proper order, and be provided with tubular product in advancing mechanism, guiding mechanism, bending die and the spherical bearing jointly, advancing mechanism includes that fixed mounting transports the chain with the tubular product that is located one of board one end at tubular product pay-off motor on board one side, and tubular product transports and install tubular product pay-off push pedal on the chain, tubular product pay-off push pedal fixedly connected with and the corresponding push pedal dabber of guiding mechanism, on the board respectively fixed mounting have with the bending die be connected X to servo motor, Y to servo motor and Z to servo motor, and spherical bearing rotates and install on the bending die, install α angle of rotation servo motor and the β angle of rotation servo motor that is connected with spherical bearing on the board respectively.

Preferably, the pipe conveying chain is rotatably installed on the machine table, and a transmission belt is connected between the pipe feeding motor and the pipe conveying chain.

Preferably, the bending die is connected with one side of the guide mechanism far away from the central shaft of the push plate.

Preferably, a bending die center is formed in the bending die, and the spherical bearing is located in the bending die center.

Preferably, the radius of the spherical surface of the bending die in contact with the spherical bearing is the same.

Preferably, the X-direction servo motor and the Z-direction servo motor are horizontally arranged, and the Y-direction servo motor is vertically arranged.

Preferably, the α angle rotation servo motor is installed in the same direction as the X-direction servo motor, and the β angle rotation servo motor is installed in the same direction as the Z-direction servo motor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention enables the forming system to change the bending radius without replacing the bending die: the bending die can meet the bending forming of the hollow complex component under the conditions of different bending radiuses by changing the eccentricity u of the bending die, the defect that the traditional bending technology can realize different bending radiuses only by replacing the die is avoided, the efficiency of bending the complex component is greatly improved, the bending die is particularly suitable for the actual manufacturing requirements of single pieces or small batches of complex bent parts of aerospace vehicles, and the average manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.

2. The invention can realize the continuous change of the bending radius of the hollow component: the eccentricity u of the pipe and the rotation angle of the bending die can be changed only by adjusting the position of the spherical bearing in the plane X, Y, so that the bending radius of the hollow component can be continuously changed in real time, and the method has great technical advantages particularly when forming the complex bent pipe with continuously variable bending radius required by an aeroengine, can thoroughly change the current situations of semi-automatic bending forming, manual forming and even difficult forming of the complex hollow component in the aeronautical manufacturing industry, and obviously improves the geometric accuracy of the complex bent component with continuous bending geometric characteristics.

3. The invention can realize a plurality of complex bending forms: the forming method is convenient for forming various hollow complex bending components such as variable bending radius bending, variable bending angle bending, spiral bending, space bending and the like, can realize the accurate forming of various special-shaped complex bending parts required by the aircraft by controlling process parameters without changing a mould or a tool, and belongs to a typical, efficient and novel aviation flexible manufacturing technology.

4. The invention has high forming precision: the bent hollow component is subjected to three-dimensional scanning and size comparison with a three-dimensional geometric model of a target product, so that bending process parameters are modified, the problem of springback after bending in the traditional bending technology can be thoroughly solved, high-precision forming of the complex hollow component is realized, and important technical support is provided for quick and precise forming of the three-dimensional complex bent component required by the aero-engine and the gas turbine which are actively developed in China at present.

5. The invention has high forming quality: because the inner cavity of the bending die is tightly attached to the pipe, the cross section distortion of the pipe in the bending forming process can be greatly limited; in the forming process, thrust is axially applied to the tube blank, so that the stress state of the bending section is improved, and the neutral layer of the tube blank moves inwards, so that the wall thickness reduction of the outer arc side of the tube is reduced, the uniformity of the wall thickness is improved, the process has great advantages for the pressure-bearing tube process of an aircraft, the bent hollow member required by the system has important significance, and the problem of poor pressure-bearing capacity caused by excessive reduction of the outer side of the bending section formed by the traditional bending technology can be solved.

In conclusion, the 3D space bending forming technology provided by the invention has the advantages that the bending radius can be changed without replacing a bending die, the continuous change of the bending radius of the hollow component can be realized, various complex bending forms can be realized, the forming precision is high, the forming quality is high, and the like; along with the rapid development and wide application of the technology in the field of aviation manufacturing in China, the integral level of manufacturing of aviation complex hollow components in China is certainly promoted to be greatly improved, and the product quality and the production efficiency of the parts are greatly improved; with the continuous deepening and perfecting of relevant basic theory research and the rapid development of numerical simulation technology, complex multi-axis control system, reverse scanning system aiming at complex bent pipes and other relevant technologies, the 3D space forming technology is bound to obtain important application in the field of engineering manufacturing of aviation and the like in China.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a rotation mechanism of an intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic axial geometric segmentation diagram of a complex elbow of an intelligent 3D space profile forming device according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a supplementary schematic diagram of the axis geometry segmentation of the complex elbow of the intelligent 3D space profile forming device provided by the invention.

In the figure, 1 machine table, 10 pipe feeding motors, 11 pipe conveying chains, 12 pipe feeding push plates, 13 push plate mandrels, 2 pushing mechanisms, 3 guide mechanisms, 4 bending dies, 40X-direction servo motors, 41Y-direction servo motors, 42Z-direction servo motors, 43 α -angle rotating servo motors, 44 β -angle rotating servo motors, 45 bending die centers, 5 spherical bearings and 6 pipes are arranged.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-4, an intelligent 3D space profile forming device comprises a machine table 1, a propelling mechanism 2, a guiding mechanism 3, a bending die 4 and a spherical bearing 5 are sequentially installed on the machine table 1, and a pipe 6 is commonly arranged in the propelling mechanism 2, the guiding mechanism 3, the bending die 4 and the spherical bearing 5, and it is worth explaining that the intelligent 3D space forming system has the characteristic of being more flexible, so that the form of the bending die 4 can be changed according to different blanks, and the bending forming of various members such as pipes, rods, wires, profiles and the like can be satisfied, wherein the section of a hollow member can be a complex or special section to realize the bending forming, the propelling mechanism 2 comprises a pipe feeding motor 10 and a pipe conveying chain 11 which are fixedly installed on one side of the machine table 1, and a pipe feeding push plate 12 is installed on the pipe conveying chain 11, the pipe feeding push plate 12 is fixedly connected with a push plate 13 corresponding to the guiding mechanism 3, the pipe conveying chain 11 drives the pipe push plate 12 and a mandrel 13 corresponding to move horizontally, the pipe feeding motor 3544 and a servo motor 84 is installed on the machine table 1 to drive the pipe feeding motor to move towards the guiding mechanism 3 and a servo motor 354 to rotate the servo motor 354 to push the servo motor to rotate the servo die 2, and to rotate the servo motor 354 to push the servo motor to rotate the servo motor to push the servo motor to rotate the servo bearing 5 to push the servo motor to rotate the servo motor to push the servo motor 354 to push the servo motor.

Further, the α angle rotation servo motors 43 and β angle rotation servo motors 44 can be selected from motor devices with the product model number of SFS 353B.

Firstly, the X-direction servo motor 40, the Y-direction servo motor 41 and the Z-direction servo motor 42 can select proper type equipment according to the characteristics of the pipe 6, and motor equipment with the product type of HC-SFS201B can be set in the technology;

secondly, tubular product transports chain 11 and rotates and install on board 1, and is connected with the drive belt between tubular product feeding motor 10 and the tubular product transports chain 11, utilizes tubular product feeding motor 10 to drive tubular product and transports chain 11 and last the operation to provide the propelling movement effect for tubular product 6.

The bending die 4 is connected with one side of the guide mechanism 3 far away from the push plate mandrel 13.

Referring to the accompanying drawings 1-2, a bending die center 45 is arranged in the bending die 4, and the spherical bearing 5 is located in the bending die center 45, referring to fig. 2-3, the tube 6 is gradually bent to a larger bending angle along with the feeding in the Z-axis direction, the magnitude of the eccentricity u determines the magnitude of the bending radius R, when u is large, the bending radius R will be small, and the distance from the bending die spherical center to the front end of the guide mechanism 3 in the Z-direction is a.

The spherical radius of the contact between the bending die 4 and the spherical bearing 5 is the same, so that the tight connection between the bending die 4 and the spherical bearing 5 is realized, and the smooth continuous movement of the pipe 6 through the bending die 4 and the spherical bearing 5 can be ensured.

Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the X-direction servo motor 40 and the Z-direction servo motor 42 are horizontally disposed, and the Y-direction servo motor 41 is vertically disposed, so that the tube 6 can be moved in the X-axis (left-right) direction by the drive of the X-direction servo motor 40, the tube 6 can be moved in the Z-axis (front-back) direction by the drive of the Z-direction servo motor 42, and the tube 6 can be moved in the Y-axis (up-down) direction by the drive of the Y-direction servo motor 42, thereby achieving the effect of three-dimensional press molding.

Referring specifically to fig. 2, α angular rotation servo motor 43 is installed in the same direction as the X-direction servo motor 40, and β angular rotation servo motor 44 is installed in the same direction as the Z-direction servo motor 42. when the spherical bearing 5 is deviated from the equilibrium position in the X/Y plane to u, the tube 6 generates an eccentricity u at the bending position, and the system can realize α angular rotation of the bending die 4 around its axis and β angular rotation around the axial direction of the tube 6.

The invention can be illustrated by the following operating modes:

firstly, the tube feeding motor 10 is controlled to be started, the tube feeding motor 10 drives the tube conveying chain 11 to operate through the driving belt so as to drive the tube feeding push plate 12 to move horizontally, and then drives the push plate core shaft 13 to push the tube 6 to move towards the guiding mechanism 3.

Secondly, the pipe 6 passes through the guide mechanism 3 and the bending die 4 in turn under the continuous pushing action of the pushing mechanism 2, when the pipe 6 passes through the bending die 4, the spherical bearing 5 makes eccentric motion in an X/Y plane, and the bending die 4 rotates along with the eccentric motion of the spherical bearing 4, when the spherical bearing 5 deviates from a balance position in the X/Y plane to be u, the pipe generates an eccentric distance u at a bending position, and meanwhile, the system can realize α angular rotation of the bending die 4 around the self axis and β angular rotation around the axial direction of the pipe 6, the active rotation of the bending die 4 on α angle and β angle makes:

1) the bending die 4 and the section of the pipe 6 are always kept vertical at a forming part through the active adjustment of the rotation angle of the bending die 4 along with the shape of the bent pipe in the bending process, so that the surface quality of the bent pipe 6 is improved, and the section distortion rate is reduced;

2) the multiple degree of freedom motion of the bending die 4 can satisfy the bending process of a hollow member with a more complex configuration, the tube 6 is gradually bent to a larger bending angle along with the feeding in the Z-axis direction, the size of the eccentricity u determines the size of the bending radius R, and in the bending system, the tube 6 is subjected to a thrust P L exerted by the axial propelling mechanism 2 and a bending force Pu. exerted by the spherical bearing 5 during bending, wherein the distance A in the Z direction is equal to the distance A between the spherical center 45 of the bending die and the front end of the guide mechanism 3, and the tube 6 is bent under the combined action of P L and Pu in the bending system, wherein M is Pu × A + P L× u (the formula is scalar calculation).

1-2, the bending force Pu depends on the property of the material of the pipe 6 and the eccentricity u and A, when the material of the pipe 6 is not changed, the larger the value A, the smaller the value u, the smaller the bending force Pu, the spherical bearing 5 and the axial propelling mechanism 2 can realize the free movement in X/Y/Z3 directions under the drive of the servo motor, and in addition, the bending die 4 rotates around α angle of the axis of the bending die and β angle of the axis of the pipe 6, so the forming system can also be named as a five-axis intelligent space forming system.

Further explanation is as follows:

the bending process of the three-dimensional complex hollow component mainly comprises the following basic processes:

1) referring to the attached drawing 3 for specific description, firstly, the axis of the complex hollow component to be bent is extracted, the axis is divided into an arc section and a straight section which are connected end to end in a continuous mode, and then the size parameters of the straight section length L n, the arc section bending radius Rn, the bending angle theta n, the bending direction phi n and the like of each straight section and each arc section are measured.

2) During the free bending of the space member, bending an arc generally requires 3 stages: the transition section 1 is the process that the spherical bearing 5 moves from the balance position to the position with the eccentricity of u; the arc section is a process that the spherical bearing 5 is fixed at a preset eccentricity position and the propelling mechanism 2 feeds materials axially at the same time; the transition section 2 is the process of the spherical bearing 5 returning to the equilibrium position from the position of eccentricity u.

3) In the 3 stages, the spherical bearing 5 applies different motion laws, after the process of segmenting the axis of the complex bent pipe is completed, a transition section shown in fig. 4 is supplemented between the circular arc section and the straight line, and a functional relation between L n, Rn, θ n, φ n, equal size parameters, and the motion speed UX, UY, UZ and motion time t of the driving mechanism in X, Y, Z three directions is established, wherein L n is f (UZ, Δ t), Rn is f (UX, UY, Δ t), θ n is f (UX, UY, UZ, Δ t), and φ f (UX, UY).

4) The 3D space bending forming technology is particularly suitable for forming the bending member with the following characteristics besides meeting the bending forming requirement of the conventional hollow member: firstly, the structure is complex, and the axis is a bending component with a space complex curve, such as a bent pipe with a straight section, a spiral bent pipe, a space bent pipe and the like; secondly, the bending radius is continuously changed and is as low as 2.5D-3D; thirdly, the bending angle of the bending component is changed randomly between 0 and 360 degrees; fourthly, the caliber of the pipe which can be formed at present is generally below 110mm due to the limitation of forming force of the bent pipe with the middle and small outer diameter.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an intelligence 3D space section bar former, includes board (1), its characterized in that, install advancing mechanism (2), guiding mechanism (3), bending die (4) and spherical bearing (5) in proper order on board (1), and advancing mechanism (2), guiding mechanism (3), bending die (4) and spherical bearing (5) in the same time be provided with tubular product (6), advancing mechanism (2) transport chain (11) including tubular product feeding motor (10) of fixed mounting on board (1) one side and the tubular product that is located board (1) one end, and install tubular product feeding push pedal (12) on tubular product transport chain (11), tubular product feeding push pedal (12) fixed connection has push pedal dabber (13) corresponding with guiding mechanism (3), install respectively fixed mounting on board (1) X that is connected with bending die (4) to servo motor (40), Y to servo motor (41) and Z to servo motor (42), and spherical bearing (5) rotate and install on bending die (4), install respectively on board (1) and be connected with servo bearing (5) 8544) angle of rotation servo motor (3544) and spherical bearing (84).

2. The intelligent 3D space profile forming equipment according to claim 1, wherein the pipe conveying chain (11) is rotatably installed on the machine table (1), and a transmission belt is connected between the pipe feeding motor (10) and the pipe conveying chain (11).

3. An intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bending die (4) is connected with one side of the guide mechanism (3) away from the push plate mandrel (13).

4. An intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bending die center (45) is cut into the bending die (4) and the spherical bearing (5) is located in the bending die center (45).

5. An intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the spherical radius of the bending die (4) in contact with the spherical bearing (5) is the same.

6. An intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the X-direction servo motor (40) and the Z-direction servo motor (42) are horizontally arranged, and the Y-direction servo motor (41) is vertically arranged.

7. An intelligent 3D space profile forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the α angular rotation servo motor (43) is installed with the X-direction servo motor (40) in the same direction, and the β angular rotation servo motor (44) is installed with the Z-direction servo motor (42) in the same direction.