CN111425205B - Mining support method for steeply inclined extremely thin ore body - Google Patents
Mining support method for steeply inclined extremely thin ore body Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
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Abstract
The invention provides a mining supporting method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body. The mining support method of the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance. Carrying out roof support operation by adopting a combined support process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt; carrying out hanging wall supporting operation by adopting a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process; and after the maintenance of the stope working face is finished, carrying out ore removal operation and lower-tray waste rock filling operation, and carrying out next cyclic upward mining operation to ensure that the constructors always work under the support body. And respectively pouring horizontal concrete pillars and vertical concrete pillars at preset intervals along the upward mining direction and the mining working face direction in the mining process to finish the integral ground pressure control. The invention adopts an integral-local double-control supporting method, improves the supporting efficiency and simultaneously ensures the recovery safety of a stope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining support, in particular to a mining support method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body.
Background
Extremely thin slope and steep slope crushed ore bodies have obvious boundary lines of the ore rocks, the upper wall surrounding rock joint cracks develop in a block shape or a broken block shape, local invisible joints develop, soil layers generally exist between the ore bodies, the lower wall joint cracks do not develop obviously, and the rock-breaking rock-seam rock-breaking rock-seam belongs to a stable rock stratum. At present, the steeply inclined thin vein has the disadvantages of rapid mining and depth reduction and large exploitation and preparation workload due to small scale of the ore body. The main technical difficulties faced in mining at present are: 1) when the extremely-thin steeply-inclined crushed ore body is mined by a wall cutting filling method, the stope space is narrow, the ground pressure at a deep part is strong, ore blending is difficult and the like, and the supporting mode of cross braces and vertical pillars is adopted, so that the labor intensity of workers is high, the operating environment is severe, and the problems of high working intensity of workers, high dilution rate, low mechanization degree, low comprehensive production capacity of the stope, difficult ground pressure management and the like exist; 2) because the joint cracks of the surrounding rocks on the wall develop into blocks and broken blocks, and a soil layer exists between the upper wall and the ore body, the supporting force of the cut surrounding rocks on the upper wall is insufficient in the process of mining, the soil layer becomes mud when meeting water, the roof is further deteriorated, and the phenomena of roof caving and wall caving are easily caused in the stages of rock drilling, hair knocking and the like.
The problems cause that the tunnel roof is easy to deform to generate sinking, rib spalling, bottom heaving and the like, which bring certain difficulties to the tunnel construction, and cause that the tunnel construction has high labor intensity, slow tunneling construction and higher supporting cost. According to the research on the damage form and the mining method of the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body stope, the waste rock filling body cut off as the most main cause of deformation and damage of the steeply inclined ore body stope is loose and has very small adhesive force, the connection among particles mainly depends on friction force and weak adhesive force, the strength is low, although the particles can play a certain supporting role after being compacted, the capacity of surrounding rock movement and ground subsidence is limited, the deformation of a top plate cannot be controlled, and the damage degree can be increased rapidly along with the gradual progress of mining.
In the prior art, a cemented filling body with better mechanical property is used for filling a goaf of a stope to maintain the stability of surrounding rocks and the strength of ore pillars, so that the surrounding rocks are prevented from falling off, and the appearance of ground pressure is relieved; however, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the cemented filling mass are still low compared to the surrounding rock, so the restriction of the surrounding rock and the control of the earth pressure are still limited.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201611204905.6 discloses a stable supporting facility and a supporting process for surrounding rock of a steep stoping roadway. The supporting facility comprises an anchor net support formed by an anchor rod, an anchor cable, a steel belt and a metal net and a guniting sealing layer on the surface of a roadway. The supporting technology provided by the invention is characterized in that an anchor net is installed and concrete is sprayed on the surface of a roadway. According to the technology, aiming at repeated mining influences along an empty stoping roadway, the deformation of the roadway can be effectively controlled by using a high-strength anchor rod, an anchor rope, a W-shaped steel belt and a metal net in combination and an asymmetric multi-medium coupling supporting mode of spraying concrete on the surface of the roadway. However, the method has the following disadvantages: only the support of the stope working face is carried out, the problem of ground pressure appearance cannot be completely solved, namely the deformation problem of the hanging wall rock body and the top plate is not fundamentally solved, the safety of the stope still has hidden danger, and the support efficiency is not improved to a great extent.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201710147579.8 discloses a U-shaped steel composite supporting structure of a deep dynamic pressure soft rock roadway and a construction method thereof. The supporting structure comprises anchor rods, anchor cables, a U-shaped steel support, an even pressure relief layer, an inverted bottom arch and supporting stand columns. The anchor rod and the anchor cable are firstly driven into the surrounding rock, then the U-shaped steel support is erected, an even pressure relief layer is arranged between the U-shaped steel support and the roadway surrounding rock, and the even pressure relief layer comprises a polyester fiber net, a filling body and a reinforcing mesh. If the surrounding rock of the roadway is broken, surrounding rock grouting equipment can be added, if floor heave occurs in the roadway, an inverted bottom arch can be added, and if the ground pressure of the vault and the two sides of the roadway is strong and is accompanied by large deformation, a supporting upright column can be added. The adopted support upright post is a wood upright post or a concrete filled steel tube upright post, and the structure is an upright post, a Y-shaped upright post or a T-shaped upright post. However, due to the structural design of the supporting upright post, the stope operation space is limited, the stope operation of constructors is inconvenient, the supporting cost is high, and the supporting efficiency is limited.
In view of the above, it is necessary to control the ground pressure of the stope as a whole and support the stope working face to prevent large-scale deformation of the hanging wall rock mass, improve the supporting efficiency, and ensure the recovery safety of the stope.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mining supporting method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body.
The invention achieves the aim and provides a mining support method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body. The mining support method for the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance, and comprises the following steps:
s1, maintaining the stope working face, wherein the maintaining comprises stope roof supporting operation and stope hanging wall supporting operation:
s11, in a layering process of upward stoping at a preset height on the stope, adopting a combined supporting process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt for stope roof supporting operation;
s12, after the stope roof supporting operation is completed in the step S11, the stope hanging wall supporting operation is carried out under the supported roof; the stope hanging wall supporting operation adopts a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process;
s2, after the stope roof and stope hanging wall supporting operation is completed, constructors carry out ore removal operation under supporting bodies; after ore removal, cutting off waste rocks of the tray, and performing filling operation; when the cut waste stones cannot be filled to a preset height, the cut waste stones are supplemented by external waste stones; or when the cut waste rocks cannot be filled to the preset height, taking the waste rocks from the underground chamber to fill the waste rocks; then, leveling a working surface, laying a rubber mat, and carrying out next cyclic upward mining operation to ensure that the constructors always operate under the support body;
s3, integral ground pressure control process: during the upward mining operation, pouring a horizontal concrete pillar every 5-10 m along the upward mining direction; meanwhile, pouring a vertical concrete pillar every 10-20 m along the direction of a stoping operation surface.
Preferably, in step S3, the casting thickness of the horizontal concrete pillars is not less than 500mm, and the casting size of the vertical concrete pillars is 0.5 to 0.8 m.
Preferably, in step S11, the preset height of the layering is 1.0 to 1.5 m; in the combined supporting process of the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt, when the mining width is less than 1.4m, the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt with the length of 1m are combined to support a top plate;
or when the mining width is more than or equal to 1.4m and less than 2m, the roof is supported by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt with the length of 1.5 m;
or when the mining width is larger than 2m, the roof is supported by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a 2m long steel belt;
wherein the distance between the anchor rods is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the distance between the anchor cables is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 mm.
Preferably, in step S2, the maintaining of the stope working face further includes a supporting operation of a local broken part after the stope footwall is broken, and the supporting operation is performed by using a combination of an anchor rod and a double-rib bar.
Preferably, in step S11, when the ore body of the stope roof is particularly crushed or the joint crack of the ore body of the stope roof is particularly developed, the roof is supported by a combination of an anchor rod, a steel belt and a metal net, so as to improve the self-stability of the roof.
Preferably, the diameter of the anchor rod is 20-30 mm, and the length of the anchor rod is 1.5-2.4 m; the anchor rod is one or a plurality of combinations of a resin anchor rod, a grouting anchor rod and a pipe seam type anchor rod.
Preferably, in step S11, the anchor cable is made of stranded steel wires or welded thread steel with a diameter of 22-28 mm and a length of 7-12 m.
Preferably, the steel belt runs along a vertical ore body and is arranged by adopting a 'Z' or a 'I'; the steel strip is punched and stamped into a W shape according to a preset interval by adopting a steel plate with the width of 150mm and the thickness of 2 mm.
Preferably, the length of the double ribs is 2-3 m, the double ribs are formed by processing 10mm round steel and 5-10 mm thick steel plates, and the distance between the two round steel is 5 cm; the two double-rib strips are connected by adopting the steel plate according to the distance of 30-50 cm, and the number of welding spots on one side is more than or equal to 5; during installation, the overlapping length of the two double ribs is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, when the rock mass in the middle of the double-rib is broken, the oblique double-rib and the longitudinal double-rib are applied.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the mining support method for the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope operation surface maintenance, and has the advantages of obviously improved support effect, guaranteed stope recovery safety and low support cost, and is mainly due to the following steps:
firstly, for the supporting operation of the stope operation surface, a special active manual supporting method is adopted to carry out local supporting of the stope operation surface according to the respective characteristics of a top plate, an upper wall surrounding rock and a lower wall surrounding rock, so as to prevent caving and surrounding rock deformation, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) the roof support operation adopts the combined support process of the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt, combines the support effect of the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt, and acts on the roof rock mass together to reinforce the rock mass, improve the self-bearing capacity of the roof rock mass, improve the strength and stability of the rock mass, remarkably improve the support effect, and fundamentally ensure the reliability of the combined support of the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt. The anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt combined supporting process belongs to active supporting, can effectively overcome large tectonic stress and surrounding rock stress, and keeps the surrounding rock stable for a long time. 2) The upper wall supporting operation adopts a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process, and the anchor rod is used for enhancing the stability of the rock mass and reinforcing the surrounding rock; the double-rib bolt has the advantages that the reinforcing effect of the anchor bolt is further enhanced, the double-rib bolt is combined with the reinforcing effect, the supporting effect and the reinforcing effect are combined, the self-supporting capacity and the stability of the hanging wall rock are improved in a synergistic mode, the supporting effect is obviously improved, and investment and labor are saved to a great extent.
Meanwhile, an integral ground pressure control method is adopted, horizontal concrete pillars and vertical concrete pillars with preset intervals are respectively designed in the upward mining direction and the mining operation face direction, a reinforced mechanical structure for reinforcing concrete in a filling area in a horizontal-vertical interval mode is formed, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of a stope filling body are greatly improved, the stability of surrounding rocks and the strength of ore pillars are improved, the movement of the surrounding rocks and the subsidence of the earth surface are effectively limited, the ground pressure is relieved, and the deformation of a roof is effectively prevented.
The overall ground pressure control process designed by the structure of reinforcing concrete horizontally and vertically in a stope filling area is combined with the support process of a stope local operation surface to support the stope in a combined manner, so that the overall stability of a stope room is ensured, the mechanical property of a stope filling body is obviously improved, the local stability and reinforcing reinforcement of the stope operation surface are ensured, the overall control and the local support are cooperated with each other, the limitation of the combined support on surrounding rocks and the control action of ground pressure are obviously improved, the ground pressure of a mining area is strictly controlled, and the mining safety of the stope is also ensured; compared with the traditional supporting method, the invention cancels the upright posts and the cross braces, releases the stope operation space, is convenient to improve the mechanization degree and saves the supporting cost. And the construction process is simple, the labor intensity is low, the workload is reduced, the safety factor of the extraction operation of constructors is improved, and the supporting cost is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of combined support for maintaining a stope working face according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout view of anchor rods and anchor cables in the combined support process for maintaining the stope working face provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall earth pressure control process provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. an anchor cable; 2. a roof bolt; 3. a steel belt; 4. an upper plate anchor rod; 5. double ribs; 10. a horizontal concrete pillar; 20. vertical concrete pillars.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a mining supporting method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body. The mining support method for the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance, and comprises the following steps:
s1, maintaining the stope working face, wherein the maintaining comprises stope roof supporting operation and stope hanging wall supporting operation:
s11, mining a layer with the preset height of 1.0-1.5 m on each stope, and standing a constructor on a mine pile to perform stope roof support operation by adopting a combined support process of a roof anchor rod 2, an anchor cable 1 and a steel belt 2;
s12, after the stope roof supporting operation is completed in the step S11, the stope hanging wall supporting operation is carried out under the supported roof; the stope hanging wall supporting operation adopts a combined supporting process of double ribs 5 and hanging wall anchor rods 4;
s2, after the supporting operation of the stope roof and the stope hanging wall is completed, constructors carry out ore removal operation under the supporting body; after ore removal, cutting off waste rocks of the tray, and performing filling operation; when the cut waste stones cannot be filled to a preset height, the cut waste stones are supplemented by external waste stones; or when the cut waste rocks cannot be filled to the preset height, taking the waste rocks from the underground chamber to fill the waste rocks; then, leveling a working surface, laying a rubber mat, and carrying out next cyclic upward mining operation to ensure that the constructors always operate under the support body;
s3, integral ground pressure control process: in the upward stoping operation, pouring a horizontal concrete pillar 10 every 5-10 m along the upward stoping direction; meanwhile, a vertical concrete pillar 20 is poured every 10-20 m along the direction of the stoping operation surface.
Further, in step S3, the casting thickness of the horizontal concrete pillars 10 is not less than 500mm, and the casting size of the vertical concrete pillars 20 is 0.5 to 0.8 m.
Further, in the combined supporting process of the roof bolt 2, the anchor cable 1 and the steel belt 3 in the step S11, when the sampling width is less than 1.4m, the roof bolt 2, the anchor cable 1 and the steel belt 3 with the length of 1m are combined to support the roof;
or when the mining width is more than or equal to 1.4m and less than 2m, the roof bolt 2, the anchor cable 1 and the steel belt 3 with the length of 1.5m are combined to support the roof;
or when the mining width is larger than 2m, a roof anchor rod 2, an anchor cable 1 and a steel belt 3 with the length of 2m are combined to support a roof;
wherein, the distance between the roof bolts 2 is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the distance between the anchor cables 1 is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 mm.
Further, in step S2, the maintaining of the stope working face further includes a supporting operation of a local broken part after the stope lower wall breaks the upper, and the supporting operation is performed by using an anchor rod and a double-rib bar in a combined manner.
Further, in step S11, when the ore body of the stope roof is particularly broken or the joint crack of the ore body of the stope roof is particularly developed, the roof is supported by the combination of the anchor rod 2, the steel belt 3 and the metal net, so as to improve the self-stability capability of the roof.
Further, the diameter of the anchor rod is 20-30 mm, and the length of the anchor rod is 1.5-2.4 m; the anchor rod is one or a plurality of combinations of a resin anchor rod, a grouting anchor rod and a pipe seam type anchor rod.
Further, in step S11, the anchor cable 1 is made of a stranded wire or welded thread steel with a diameter of 22-28 mm and a length of 7-12 m.
Further, the steel belt 3 is arranged along the vertical ore body by adopting a 'Z' or a 'I'; the steel strip 3 is punched and stamped into a W shape according to a preset interval by adopting a steel plate with the width of 150mm and the thickness of 2 mm.
Further, the length of the double-rib strips 5 is 2-3 m, the double-rib strips are formed by processing 10mm round steel and 5-10 mm thick steel plates, and the distance between the two round steel is 5 cm; the two double-rib strips are connected by adopting the steel plate according to the distance of 30-50 cm, and the number of welding spots on one side is more than or equal to 5; during installation, the overlapping length of the two double ribs is 10-15 cm.
Further, when the rock mass in the middle of the double-rib 5 is broken, the oblique double-rib and the longitudinal double-rib are applied.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The mining support method of the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance, and comprises the following steps:
and S1, maintaining the stope working face, wherein the maintaining comprises stope roof supporting work and stope hanging wall supporting work (shown in figure 1):
s11, mining a layer with the preset height of 1.2m on each stope, standing a constructor on a mine pile to perform stope roof supporting operation, wherein the stope roof supporting operation adopts a combined supporting process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt;
the sampling width is less than 1.4m, and roof support is carried out by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt with the length of 1 m; wherein the distance between the anchor rods is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the spacing of the anchor cables is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0mm (as shown in fig. 2).
As a further optimization of the scheme, the roof anchor rod is a resin anchor rod, the diameter of the resin anchor rod is 22mm, the length of the resin anchor rod is 2.4m, an anchor rod tray with the size of 130mm multiplied by 10mm is arranged, the anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock surface of the roof during construction, and the tray is perpendicular to the body of the grouting anchor rod.
The anchor cable adopts a steel strand or welded deformed steel with the diameter of 22mm and the length of 7m, and is matched with an anchor cable tray with the size of 150mm multiplied by 16 mm.
The steel strip runs along the vertical ore body, and is punched and stamped into a W shape according to a preset interval by adopting a steel plate with the width of 150mm and the thickness of 2 mm.
As a further preferred aspect of the present disclosure, in step S21, when the ore body of the stope roof is particularly crushed or when the joint crack of the ore body of the stope roof develops particularly, the roof is supported by using a combination of an anchor rod, a steel belt and a metal net to improve the self-stability;
s12, after the stope roof supporting operation is completed in the step S11, the stope hanging wall supporting operation is carried out under the supported roof; the stope hanging wall supporting operation adopts a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process;
as a further optimization of the scheme, the upper disc anchor rod is square arranged by a pipe seam type anchor rod with the diameter of 22mm and the length of 2.0m according to the mesh degree of 1.0m multiplied by 2.0 m.
The length of the double-rib bar is 2m, the double-rib bar is formed by processing 10mm round steel and a 10mm thick steel plate, and the distance between the two round steel is 5 cm; the two double-rib strips are connected by adopting the steel plate according to the distance of 40cm, and the number of welding points on one side is 7; when the double-rib steel plate is installed, the overlapping length of the two double ribs is 15 cm.
S2, forming a support body after the stope top plate and stope upper plate supporting operation is completed; a constructor carries out ore removal operation under the supporting body; after ore removal, cutting off waste rocks of the tray, and performing filling operation; when the cut waste stones cannot be filled to a preset height, the cut waste stones are supplemented by external waste stones; and then, leveling the working surface, laying a rubber mat, and carrying out the next circulation of upward mining operation to ensure that the constructor always operates under the support body.
Preferably, the maintenance of the stope working face further comprises a support operation of a local broken part after the stope lower wall breaks the side, and the support operation adopts a combination of an anchor rod and a double-rib bar for support.
S3, integral ground pressure control process: when upward mining operation is carried out, pouring a horizontal concrete strut every 5m along the upward mining direction, wherein the pouring thickness of the horizontal concrete strut is 800 mm; meanwhile, a vertical concrete pillar is poured every 10m along the direction of the stoping working face, and the pouring size of the vertical concrete pillar is multiplied by 0.8m (as shown in figure 3).
Example 2
The mining support method of the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance, and comprises the following steps:
s1, maintaining the stope working face, wherein the maintaining comprises stope roof supporting operation and stope hanging wall supporting operation:
s11, mining a layer with the preset height of 1.2m on each stope, standing a constructor on a mine pile to perform stope roof supporting operation, wherein the stope roof supporting operation adopts a combined supporting process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt;
the mining width is more than or equal to 1.4m and less than 2m, and roof support is carried out by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt with the length of 1.5 m; wherein the distance between the anchor rods is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the distance between the anchor cables is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 mm.
As a further preferred mode of the scheme, the top plate anchor rod is a grouting anchor rod, the diameter of the grouting anchor rod is 20mm, the length of the grouting anchor rod is 2.0m, an anchor rod tray with the size of 130mm multiplied by 10mm is matched, the anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock surface of the top plate during construction, and the tray is perpendicular to the rod body of the grouting anchor rod.
The grouting slurry is selected from Olstonia.
The anchor cable adopts a steel strand or welded deformed steel with the diameter of 28mm and the length of 10m, and is matched with an anchor cable tray with the size of 200mm multiplied by 16 mm.
The steel strip runs along the vertical ore body, and is punched and stamped into a W shape according to a preset interval by adopting a steel plate with the width of 150mm and the thickness of 2 mm.
As a further preferred aspect of the present disclosure, in step S21, when the ore body of the stope roof is particularly crushed or when the joint crack of the ore body of the stope roof develops particularly, the roof is supported by using a combination of an anchor rod, a steel belt and a metal net to improve the self-stability;
s12, after the stope roof supporting operation is completed in the step S11, the stope hanging wall supporting operation is carried out under the supported roof; the stope hanging wall supporting operation adopts a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process;
as a further optimization of the scheme, the upper disc anchor rod adopts a pipe seam type anchor rod, and the pipe seam type anchor rod with the diameter of 28mm and the length of 2.4m is selected to be arranged in a square mode according to the mesh degree of 1.0m multiplied by 2.0 m.
The length of the double-rib strip is 3m, the double-rib strip is formed by processing 10mm round steel and a 10mm thick steel plate, and the distance between the two round steel is 5 cm; the two double-rib strips are connected by adopting the steel plate according to the distance of 50cm, and the number of welding points on one side is 6; when the double-rib steel plate is installed, the overlapping length of the two double ribs is 10 cm.
S2, forming a support body after the stope top plate and stope upper plate supporting operation is completed; a constructor carries out ore removal operation under the supporting body; after ore removal, cutting off waste rocks of the tray, and performing filling operation; when the cut waste stones cannot be filled to a preset height, the cut waste stones are supplemented by external waste stones; and then, leveling the working surface, laying a rubber mat, and carrying out the next circulation of upward mining operation to ensure that the constructor always operates under the support body.
S3, integral ground pressure control process: when upward mining operation is carried out, pouring a horizontal concrete strut every 10m along the upward mining direction, wherein the pouring thickness of the horizontal concrete strut is more than or equal to 500 mm; meanwhile, a vertical concrete pillar is poured every 20m along the direction of a stoping working face, and the pouring size of the vertical concrete pillar is multiplied by 0.5 m.
Example 3
The mining support method of the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance, and comprises the following steps:
s1, maintaining the stope working face, wherein the maintaining comprises stope roof supporting operation and stope hanging wall supporting operation:
s11, mining a layer with the preset height of 1.2m on each stope, standing a constructor on a mine pile to perform stope roof supporting operation, wherein the stope roof supporting operation adopts a combined supporting process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt;
the mining width is larger than 2m, and roof support is carried out by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt with the length of 2 m; wherein the distance between the anchor rods is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the distance between the anchor cables is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 mm.
As a further preferred aspect of the present disclosure, in step S21, when the ore body of the stope roof is particularly crushed or when the joint crack of the ore body of the stope roof develops particularly, the roof is supported by using a combination of an anchor rod, a steel belt and a metal net to improve the self-stability;
s12, after the stope roof supporting operation is completed in the step S11, the stope hanging wall supporting operation is carried out under the supported roof; the stope hanging wall supporting operation adopts a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process.
The length of the double-rib strip is 3m, the double-rib strip is formed by processing 10mm round steel and a 10mm thick steel plate, and the distance between the two round steel is 5 cm; the two double-rib strips are connected by adopting the steel plate according to the distance of 50cm, and the number of welding points on one side is 6; when the double-rib steel plate is installed, the overlapping length of the two double ribs is 10 cm.
S2, forming a support body after the stope top plate and stope upper plate supporting operation is completed; a constructor carries out ore removal operation under the supporting body; after ore removal, cutting off waste rocks of the tray, and performing filling operation; when the cut waste stones cannot be filled to a preset height, the cut waste stones are supplemented by external waste stones; and then, leveling the working surface, laying a rubber mat, and carrying out the next circulation of upward mining operation to ensure that the constructor always operates under the support body.
S3, integral ground pressure control process: when upward mining operation is carried out, pouring a horizontal concrete strut every 10m along the upward mining direction, wherein the pouring thickness of the horizontal concrete strut is more than or equal to 500 mm; meanwhile, a vertical concrete pillar is poured every 20m along the direction of a stoping working face, and the pouring size of the vertical concrete pillar is multiplied by 0.6 m.
In conclusion, the invention provides a mining support method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body. The mining support method of the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance. Carrying out roof support operation by adopting a combined support process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt; carrying out hanging wall supporting operation by adopting a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process; and after the maintenance of the stope working face is finished, carrying out ore removal operation and lower-tray waste rock filling operation, and carrying out next cyclic upward mining operation to ensure that the constructors always work under the support body. And respectively pouring horizontal concrete pillars and vertical concrete pillars at preset intervals along the upward mining direction and the mining working face direction in the mining process to finish the integral ground pressure control. The invention adopts an integral-local double-control supporting method, improves the supporting efficiency and simultaneously ensures the recovery safety of a stope.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mining supporting method for a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mining support method for the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body adopts a combined support process of integral earth pressure control and stope working face maintenance, and comprises the following steps:
s1, maintaining the stope working face, wherein the maintaining comprises stope roof supporting operation and stope hanging wall supporting operation:
s11, in a layering process of extracting the preset height on a stope, adopting a combined supporting process of an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt for stope roof supporting operation;
s12, after the stope roof supporting operation is completed in the step S11, the stope hanging wall supporting operation is carried out under the supported roof; the stope hanging wall supporting operation adopts a double-rib and anchor rod combined supporting process;
s2, after the stope roof and stope hanging wall supporting operation is completed, constructors carry out ore removal operation under supporting bodies; after ore removal, cutting off waste rocks of the tray, and performing filling operation; when the cut waste stones cannot be filled to a preset height, the cut waste stones are supplemented by external waste stones; or when the cut waste rocks cannot be filled to the preset height, taking the waste rocks from the underground chamber to fill the waste rocks; then, leveling a working surface, laying a rubber mat, and carrying out next cyclic upward mining operation to ensure that the constructors always operate under the support body;
s3, integral ground pressure control process: during the upward mining operation, pouring a horizontal concrete pillar every 5-10 m along the upward mining direction; meanwhile, pouring a vertical concrete pillar every 10-20 m along the direction of a stoping operation surface.
2. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the casting thickness of the horizontal concrete support is equal to or greater than 500mm, and the casting size of the vertical concrete support is equal to or greater than 0.5-0.8 m.
3. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S11, the preset height of the layering is 1.0-1.5 m; in the combined supporting process of the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt, when the mining width is less than 1.4m, the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the steel belt with the length of 1m are combined to support a top plate;
or when the mining width is more than or equal to 1.4m and less than 2m, the roof is supported by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel belt with the length of 1.5 m;
or when the mining width is larger than 2m, the roof is supported by combining an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a 2m long steel belt;
wherein the distance between the anchor rods is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the distance between the anchor cables is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 1.0 mm.
4. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the maintaining of the stope working face further includes a supporting operation of a local broken part after the stope lower wall breaks the side, and the supporting operation is performed by using an anchor rod and a double-rib bar in a combined manner.
5. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S11, when the ore body of the stope roof is particularly broken or the joint crack of the ore body of the stope roof develops particularly, the roof is supported by the combination of the anchor rod, the steel belt and the metal net, so as to improve the self-stability of the roof.
6. The method of mining support for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 5, characterized in that: the diameter of the anchor rod is 20-30 mm, and the length of the anchor rod is 1.5-2.4 m; the anchor rod is one or a plurality of combinations of a resin anchor rod, a grouting anchor rod and a pipe seam type anchor rod.
7. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S11, the anchor cable is made of stranded steel wires or welded deformed steel bars with the diameter of 22-28 mm and the length of 7-12 m.
8. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: the steel belt is arranged along the vertical ore body by adopting the 'Z' or 'I'; the steel strip is punched and stamped into a W shape according to a preset interval by adopting a steel plate with the width of 150mm and the thickness of 2 mm.
9. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the length of each double-rib strip is 2-3 m, the double-rib strip is formed by processing 10mm round steel and a steel plate with the thickness of 5-10 mm, and the distance between the two round steel is 5 cm; the distance between the two double ribs is 30-50 cm; during installation, the overlapping length of the two double ribs is 10-15 cm.
10. The mining support method for steeply dipping extremely thin ore bodies according to claim 9, characterized in that: and when the rock mass in the middle of the double ribs is broken, applying the oblique double ribs and the longitudinal double ribs.
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| CN113969791A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-25 | 唐山开滦建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Construction method for reinforcing and repairing damaged coal bunker at bottom of well |
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| RU2475647C2 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2013-02-20 | Юрий Абрамович Дик | Mining method of thick steep ore bodies |
| CN102852539A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-01-02 | 山东盛大矿业股份有限公司 | Resin bolting ejector anchor net roadway support method |
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