CN111416375A - Commutation failure prediction method considering transient direct current change process - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a commutation failure prediction method considering a transient direct current change process, which comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring original parameters required by calculation; (2) calculating an advancing trigger angle and transient direct current of the inversion side system after the fault occurs according to the existing parameters; (3) calculating the actual turn-off angle of the system 3.3ms after the fault occurs; (4) predicting commutation failure by comparing with an inherent limit turn-off angle; the method can overcome the defect that the commutation failure voltage prediction criterion of the existing HVDC system is not accurate enough, avoids the adverse consequences of DC transmission power fluctuation and the like caused by the malfunction or refusal of the commutation failure defense strategy due to misjudgment or missing judgment, and has certain practical value for the safe and stable operation of a large-capacity long-distance AC/DC interconnected power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-voltage direct-current transmission technology, in particular to a commutation failure prediction method considering a transient direct-current change process.
Background
Due to special geographical environment conditions and regional development characteristics, the east and west of China are greatly unbalanced in the aspect of energy production and consumption. The implementation of the energy strategy of 'west-east power transmission' is an important measure for solving the problem. From the eighties of the twentieth century to the present, more than twenty conventional direct-current transmission projects have been built and put into operation nationwide. Compared with alternating current transmission, high-voltage direct current transmission has unique advantages in the aspects of asynchronous networking, short-circuit capacity control, power quick adjustment, transmission distance, line loss and the like, becomes an important part in the energy strategy of China, greatly promotes the national economic development and the improvement of the living standard of people, and generates huge economic benefit and social benefit. However, the conventional HVDC engineering also has some problems, and the failure of commutation is one of the problems. The failure of phase commutation means that the valve fails to recover the blocking capability within a period of time under the action of the reverse voltage after the valve is out of operation, and the valve is opened again after the valve voltage is converted into the forward voltage. Once a commutation failure occurs, it will result in over-high dc current, reduced dc transmission power, malfunction of relay protection, commutation transformer dc magnetic biasing, shortened service life of the converter valve, and unstable voltage of the inverter side weak ac system. If the control is not proper, continuous commutation failure can be caused, even direct current transmission power interruption and large-range power flow transfer are caused, and the stability problem of the interconnected power grid is caused. Therefore, the influence factors of the commutation failure are deeply researched, a feasible prevention and control strategy is formed, and the method has important significance for reducing the probability of the commutation failure and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the HVDC system and the interconnected power grid. The suppression strategy of commutation failure adopted by the HVDC system in current operation mainly adopts the mode of sending out trigger pulse in advance after detecting that the alternating current system has a fault, controlling direct current and the like to control the HVDC system. The starting criterion is that the voltage transformer is used for collecting the three-phase voltage of the bus of the converter station, and the processed three-phase voltage is compared with a starting threshold value to judge whether to control the system. In other words, the voltage drop of the commutation bus caused by the commutation fault on the inversion side of the HVDC system is used as a basis for judging whether the commutation failure occurs or not. However, it is analyzed from the principle that the critical voltage drop of the commutation failure of the HVDC system is influenced by a plurality of factors, and if only a fixed threshold value is not accurate enough as the commutation failure prediction criterion in some occasions, misjudgment or missed judgment may occur, which may cause the malfunction or refusal of the commutation failure defense strategy, thereby influencing the stable operation or power recovery of the HVDC system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: based on the principle analysis of commutation failure, a commutation failure voltage prediction criterion considering the system running state before the failure and the current dynamic state after the failure occurs is provided. By applying the method, whether the phase commutation failure occurs in the HVDC system when the alternating current fault occurs can be accurately judged, the phase commutation failure prevention control strategy misoperation or the phase commutation failure rejection possibly caused by the inaccurate judgment of the existing criterion can be overcome, and the method has certain value for reducing the transmission power fluctuation of the HVDC system, maintaining the stable operation of the HVDC system and improving the safety of the alternating current-direct current interconnected power grid.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an improved HVDC system commutation failure voltage prediction criterion is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of considering the running state of the HVDC system before the fault, decomposing the equivalent circuit of the HVDC system by using a superposition principle, fitting the change process of direct current after the three-phase alternating current fault occurs by a time sequence segmentation method, calculating transient direct current at the corresponding moment according to the voltage of a converter bus in the fault, and calculating the actual turn-off angle in the fault process according to the transient direct current. And according to the action and turn-off angle change rule of the HVDC control system, comparing the actual turn-off angle of 3.3ms after the fault occurs with the inherent limit turn-off angle of the thyristor to predict whether the commutation failure occurs.
Based on the above definition, the commutation failure prediction method considering the transient direct current change process comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining original parameters required by calculation
Obtaining HVDC system before AC faultSetting parameter (I) ofdAnd γ) and other steady state operating parameters; acquiring the alternating current voltage E of the inversion side commutation bus 3.3ms after the alternating current fault occursif。
(2) Calculating the leading trigger angle and the transient direct current of the inversion side system after the fault occurs according to the existing parameters
Triggering angle β before system according to setting parameter of HVDC system before fault0The calculation can be made according to the following formula. Wherein, XcThe commutation reactance, which represents the system, can be calculated from the system parameters and can be considered constant during the analysis.
According to the alternating-current voltage of the converter bus after the fault, the following time sequence segmentation method can be utilized to solve a formula to calculate the transient direct current I of the inversion side after the fault occursdf。
Wherein L, C and R are respectively the resistance parameters of the DC line inductor and capacitor, ω and τ are constants calculated by them, and U isdr，UdifAnd respectively rectifying the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter and the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter after the fault occurs.
(3) Calculating the actual turn-off angle of the 3.3ms system after the fault occurs
Solving the actual shutdown angle gamma of the 3.3ms system after the fault occurs according to the HVDC system shutdown angle calculation formulaa
(4) Prediction of commutation failure by comparison with intrinsic limit turn-off angle
The actual off angle gamma obtained by calculationaIntrinsic limit off angle gamma with thyristorminBy comparison, if γa＜γminPredicting that the AC fault will be causedThe commutation failed. Otherwise, the prediction may be successful commutation.
The specific description of the time-series segment current calculation method is as follows.
(1) Calculating transient DC current by superposition method
The equivalent circuit of a HVDC system can be represented as a T-type equivalent circuit as shown in fig. 2. After a three-phase fault occurs, the direct current on the inversion side consists of current flowing to the inversion side from the rectification side and current discharged to the inversion side from the equivalent capacitance of the circuit. According to the superposition principle of linear circuits, the equivalent circuit of the HVDC system can be decomposed into a sub-circuit (1) and a sub-circuit (2) for solving respectively, and then the sub-circuit and the sub-circuit are added to obtain the direct current on the inversion side in the fault process, as shown in the attached figure 3.
The current component I can be obtained by solving the subcircuit (1)d1
Current component I which can be determined by solving subcircuits (2)d2
Then the transient DC current on the inversion side after the fault occurs is
Wherein L, C and R are respectively the resistance parameters of the DC line inductor and capacitor, ω and τ are constants calculated by them, and U isdr，UdifAnd respectively rectifying the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter and the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter after the fault occurs.
(2) Time sequence segmentation method
If the time when the alternating current fault occurs is taken as the time zero point, t is after the fault occursfIs divided into N shorter time intervals each lasting at tf/N, corresponding to 0, Δ t, 2 Δ t … … tfTime-of-day current conversion busLine voltages are respectively Ei(0),Ei(Δt),Ei(2Δt)……Ei(tf). Wherein the initial time voltage Ei(0)＝EiEnd time voltage Ei(tf)＝EifAnd the voltages at the other middle moments can be approximately obtained by adopting a one-time interpolation method.
At the time of delta t, the voltage of the commutation bus is Ei(Δ t), the DC current assumes an initial value Id(0)＝IdThe direct current I at the time of Δ t can be calculated according to the method described aboved(Δ t). The current is used as an initial value for calculating the current at the time of 2 delta t, and is combined with the commutation bus voltage E at the time of 2 delta ti(2 Δ t), the direct current … … at the time of 2 Δ t can be calculated, and the like, and t can be finally obtained through N times of calculationfInstantaneous direct current Id(tf)。
In order to ensure the accuracy of the result, two intermediate variables need to be continuously corrected in the solving process by tsTime of day is an example (t)sAt a time of 0, Δ t, 2 Δ t … … (N-1) Δ t), the specific correction formula is as follows.
Udr(ts)＝Udr0cosα-Id(ts)dr＝Udr(0)-(Id(ts)-Id(0))dr
Wherein, ω is0，
Also a constant calculated from L, C, R.
Accordingly, the iterative solving expression for solving the direct current in the fault process by the time sequence segmentation method can be summarized as
Advantageous effects
On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of commutation failure, the theoretical expression of the actual turn-off angle of the system in the fault is obtained by analyzing the transient change process of the HVDC system after the three-phase alternating-current fault occurs, so that the commutation failure is predicted. The method can overcome the defect that the commutation failure voltage prediction criterion of the existing HVDC system is not accurate enough, avoids the adverse consequences of DC transmission power fluctuation and the like caused by the malfunction or refusal of the commutation failure defense strategy due to misjudgment or missing judgment, and has certain practical value for the safe and stable operation of a large-capacity long-distance AC/DC interconnected power grid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a commutation failure prediction method that accounts for transient dc variation processes.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit schematic of a HVDC system.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit exploded schematic diagram of a HVDC system.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the judgment result of the improved commutation failure voltage prediction criterion.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an improved HVDC system commutation failure voltage prediction criterion, which considers the running state of an HVDC system before a fault, decomposes an equivalent circuit of the HVDC system by using a superposition principle, fits the change process of direct current after a three-phase alternating current fault occurs by a time sequence segmentation method, calculates transient direct current at a corresponding moment according to the voltage of a commutation bus in the fault, and calculates an actual turn-off angle in the fault process according to the transient direct current. And according to the action and turn-off angle change rule of the HVDC control system, comparing the actual turn-off angle of 3.3ms after the fault occurs with the inherent limit turn-off angle of the thyristor to predict whether the commutation failure occurs.
Based on the above definition, the commutation failure prediction method considering the transient direct current change process comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining original parameters required by calculation
Obtaining a setting parameter (I) of an HVDC system before an AC fault occursdAnd γ) and other steady state operating parameters; obtaining3.3ms of alternating current voltage E of inversion side commutation bus after alternating current faultif。
(2) Calculating the leading trigger angle and the transient direct current of the inversion side system after the fault occurs according to the existing parameters
Triggering angle β before system according to setting parameter of HVDC system before fault0The calculation can be made according to the following formula. Wherein, XcThe commutation reactance, which represents the system, can be calculated from the system parameters and can be considered constant during the analysis.
According to the alternating-current voltage of the converter bus after the fault, the following time sequence segmentation method can be utilized to solve a formula to calculate the transient direct current I of the inversion side after the fault occursdf。
Wherein L, C and R are respectively the resistance parameters of the DC line inductor and capacitor, ω and τ are constants calculated by them, and U isdr，UdifAnd respectively rectifying the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter and the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter after the fault occurs.
(3) Calculating the actual turn-off angle of the 3.3ms system after the fault occurs
Solving the actual shutdown angle gamma of the 3.3ms system after the fault occurs according to the HVDC system shutdown angle calculation formulaa
(4) Prediction of commutation failure by comparison with intrinsic limit turn-off angle
The actual off angle gamma obtained by calculationaIntrinsic limit off angle gamma with thyristorminBy comparison, if γa＜γminIt is predicted that the ac fault will cause a commutation failure. Otherwise, the prediction may be successful commutation.
The specific description of the time-series segment current calculation method is as follows.
(1) Calculating transient DC current by superposition method
The equivalent circuit of a HVDC system can be represented as a T-type equivalent circuit as shown in fig. 2. After a three-phase fault occurs, the direct current on the inversion side consists of current flowing to the inversion side from the rectification side and current discharged to the inversion side from the equivalent capacitance of the circuit. According to the superposition principle of linear circuits, the equivalent circuit of the HVDC system can be decomposed into a sub-circuit (1) and a sub-circuit (2) for solving respectively, and then the sub-circuit and the sub-circuit are added to obtain the direct current on the inversion side in the fault process, as shown in the attached figure 3.
The current component I can be obtained by solving the subcircuit (1)d1
Current component I which can be determined by solving subcircuits (2)d2
Then the transient DC current on the inversion side after the fault occurs is
Wherein L, C and R are respectively the resistance parameters of the DC line inductor and capacitor, ω and τ are constants calculated by them, and U isdr，UdifAnd respectively rectifying the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter and the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter after the fault occurs.
(2) Time sequence segmentation method
If the time when the alternating current fault occurs is taken as the time zero point, t is after the fault occursfIs divided into N shorter time intervals each lasting at tf/N, corresponding to 0, Δ t, 2 Δ t … … tfThe current conversion bus voltage at the moment is respectively Ei(0),Ei(Δt),Ei(2Δt)……Ei(tf). Wherein the initial time voltage Ei(0)＝EiEnd time voltage Ei(tf)＝EifAnd the voltages at the other middle moments can be approximately obtained by adopting a one-time interpolation method.
At the time of delta t, the voltage of the commutation bus is Ei(Δ t), the DC current assumes an initial value Id(0)＝IdThe direct current I at the time of Δ t can be calculated according to the method described aboved(Δ t). The current is used as an initial value for calculating the current at the time of 2 delta t, and is combined with the commutation bus voltage E at the time of 2 delta ti(2 Δ t), the direct current … … at the time of 2 Δ t can be calculated, and the like, and t can be finally obtained through N times of calculationfInstantaneous direct current Id(tf)。
In order to ensure the accuracy of the result, two intermediate variables need to be continuously corrected in the solving process by tsTime of day is an example (t)sAt a time of 0, Δ t, 2 Δ t … … (N-1) Δ t), the specific correction formula is as follows.
Udr(ts)＝Udr0cosα-Id(ts)dr＝Udr(0)-(Id(ts)-Id(0))dr
Wherein, ω is0，
Also a constant calculated from L, C, R.
Accordingly, the iterative solving expression for solving the direct current in the fault process by the time sequence segmentation method can be summarized as
Claims (4)
1. A commutation failure prediction method considering a transient direct current change process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring original parameters required by calculation;
(2) calculating an advancing trigger angle and transient direct current of the inversion side system after the fault occurs according to the existing parameters;
(3) calculating the actual turn-off angle of the system 3.3ms after the fault occurs;
(4) and predicting commutation failure by comparing with the inherent limit turn-off angle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the leading firing angle of the inverter-side system is determined according to the setting parameters of the HVDC system before the fault, and β is the leading firing angle of the system0The calculation can be made according to the following formula:
wherein, XcThe commutation reactance, which represents the system, can be calculated from the system parameters and can be considered constant during the analysis.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the commutation failure prediction method comprises: the transient direct current is the inversion side transient direct current I after the fault occurs, which can be calculated by solving a formula by using the following time sequence segmentation method according to the inversion bus alternating voltage after the fault occursdf：
Wherein L, C and R are respectively the resistance parameters of the DC line inductor and capacitor, ω and τ are constants calculated by them, and U isdr，UdifAnd respectively rectifying the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter and the direct-current voltage on the side of the inverter after the fault occurs.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the actual turn-off angle is obtained by solving the actual turn-off angle gamma of the 3.3ms system after the fault occurs according to the turn-off angle calculation formula of the HVDC systema
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