CN111398232B - 变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法 - Google Patents
变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,该方法是利用萃取法将变压器油中离子萃取到检测试剂中,通过检测试剂对待测离子的特异性荧光响应从而实现油中离子的检测。具体方法为:将能够特异性荧光检测离子的金属‑有机框架材料与溶剂配比得到检测试剂,与待测变压器油充分混合后,测试溶液荧光强度的变化,从而实现对油中待测离子及其含量的检测。该方法操作简便,成本低,测量结果准确,不受复杂电磁环境干扰,并且能够有效避免油的自发荧光发光的干扰及荧光材料难以在油中难以溶解的问题,具有良好的实际应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测变压器油中离子的操作方法,尤其是利用荧光发光的金属-有机框架材料溶液检测变压器油中待测离子浓度的方法。
背景技术
在工业领域,变压器油中离子的检测具有非常重要的意义。变压器的绝缘油中铜离子和铁离子的含量是直接判别变压器绝缘老化的重要依据。当变压器油中铜铁离子异常升高时,说明绝缘老化加速,需要及时检修。在运行中的变压器,尽管没有发生潜伏性故障,也应做一次油中金属含量分析作为原始数据,待以后变压器有了故障,再次分析油中铜、铁离子含量时,可用于比较,判断故障部位。然而,当前对于油中离子含量的检测手段局限性比较大,例如电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱测试法、电泳法等方法,前置操作步骤繁杂,特别是油中的有机物质会严重干扰测试灵敏度。而在变压器运行的复杂电磁环境中,电化学检测法等方法也容易受到干扰。因此,开发一种简单方便能实时实地检测变压器油中离子的方法显得十分重要。
荧光传感作为一种新型的探测手段,相对于传统的化学、机械传感器,拥有灵敏度高、非接触测量、被动式测量、抗电磁干扰、远距离实时监测等优势。近年来,金属-有机框架材料渐渐展现出其在荧光传感上面的优势,由于金属-有机框架材料是一种多孔材料,比表面积大,能与被检测分子产生较大的互动面积,增强其荧光检测效果。随着金属-有机框架材料传感器的研究进一步深化,目前已经有多种成熟的荧光传感机理:静态荧光淬灭、动态荧光淬灭、框架破坏、能量共振转移等等。
基于上述优势,金属-有机框架材料是一种非常实用的检测离子的材料。但是直接在变压器油中检测离子则难度很大。一方面,变压器油是非常不良的溶剂,金属-有机框架材料的颗粒尺寸至少是几十到几百纳米,在变压器油中难以均匀分散,导致测试结果不准。另一方面,由于变压器油有自体荧光,会影响荧光检测的效果。因此,尚未有荧光检测变压器油中离子浓度的方法得到报道,开发一种能够利用金属-有机框架材料的荧光发光来检测变压器油中离子浓度的方法,具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,该方法可利用荧光发光的金属-有机框架材料有效检测变压器油中的离子浓度。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,首先通过萃取法将变压器油中的离子转移至检测试剂中,再对检测试剂中的荧光强度进行分析,从而得到变压器油中待测离子的浓度;所述的检测试剂是由特定金属-有机框架材料与溶剂配成的溶液,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料是指可以对待测离子产生特异性荧光响应的金属有机框架材料。
上述技术方案中,进一步的,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料的尺寸为纳米级别;其在溶剂中短时间内不会沉淀,而是形成悬浮液,更优选尺寸为1-500nm。
进一步的,所述的溶剂选自水、乙醇、甲醇、N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N’-二乙基甲酰胺、乙腈。
进一步的,所述的待测离子包括但不限于氢离子、氢氧根离子、钠离子、镁离子、铝离子、硫离子、硫氢根离子、氯离子、次氯酸根离子、铬离子、锰离子、铁离子、钴离子、镍离子、铜离子、锌离子、锡离子、汞离子、铅离子。
进一步的,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料包括MOF-525,R101@ZIF-67,Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2,DMASM@ZIF-90,UiO-67-bpydc,Eu3+@MIL-53-COOH(Al),Eu3+/Ag+@UiO-66-(COOH)2等可对特定离子产生特异性荧光响应的金属-有机框架材料。例如MOF-525可对铜离子产生特异性荧光响应,R101@ZIF-67、Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2、DMASM@ZIF-90、UiO-67-bpydc、Eu3+@MIL-53-COOH(Al)可对铁离子产生特异性荧光响应,Eu3+/Ag+@UiO-66-(COOH)2可对硫氢根离子产生特异性荧光响应。
进一步的,所述的萃取法具体如下:取待测变压器油滴入制备好的检测试剂中,充分振荡后静置,当待测变压器油颜色变浅,检测试剂颜色变深,表明萃取完成,变压器油中离子被萃取至检测试剂中。
本发明中,所述的变压器油可以为各级变压器所使用的绝缘油。
相比于现有技术,本发明具体的有益效果在于:
1、本发明提出了萃取法实现在溶液中对变压器油中待测离子的荧光检测,并且成功避免了变压器油的自发荧光发光的干扰及荧光材料在变压器油中难以溶解的问题。
2、本发明利用金属-有机框架材料溶液作为荧光探针,操作方法简单,可准确测量变压器油中离子浓度异常升高时某种离子的浓度,例如浓度大于1ppm的铜离子、浓度大于20ppm的铁离子等,而且这种荧光探针稳定性高,可以在常温下保存三个月以上。
3、本发明利用金属-有机框架材料溶液作为荧光探针,用于检测变压器油中离子的时候抗干扰性能强,只针对油中一种离子特异性识别,不受油中正常含量的其他离子干扰。
4、本发明的金属-有机框架材料溶液浓度可以很低,具有经济节约的特点,适合大规模工业化生产。
5、本发明提出的萃取法检测变压器油中离子浓度的方法检测响应快,约为1-5s,避免使用复杂的操作步骤和检测仪器,具有很强的实用性。
6、本发明金属-有机框架材料溶液可以实现对变压器油中常见离子如铁离子、铜离子等检测,且检测限为变压器正常运行时各类离子浓度。
7、本发明利用的能够对离子产生特异性荧光响应的金属-有机框架材料种类十分丰富,能够检测的离子种类极其繁多,具有很广泛的适用范围。
附图说明
图1是本发明的检测试剂与变压器油混合,萃取并静置之后的分层照片;
图2是本发明的MOF-525金属-有机框架溶液在变压器油中含有不同浓度铜离子下的荧光发光强度;
图3是本发明的R101@ZIF-67金属-有机框架溶液在变压器油中含有不同浓度铁离子下的荧光发光强度。
具体实施方式
本发明方法是利用萃取法将变压器油中离子萃取到检测试剂中,通过检测试剂对待测离子的特异性荧光响应从而实现油中离子的检测。具体方法为:将能够特异性荧光检测离子的金属-有机框架材料与溶剂配比得到检测试剂,与待测变压器油充分混合后,测试溶液荧光强度的变化,从而实现对油中待测离子及其含量的检测。该方法操作简便,成本低,测量结果准确,不受复杂电磁环境干扰,并且能够有效避免油的自发荧光发光的干扰及荧光材料难以在油中难以溶解的问题,具有良好的实际应用前景。
实施例1:
利用MOF-525的DMF溶液通过萃取法检测变压器油中铜离子浓度,其具体合成方法如下:
准确称量1.35g苯甲酸和105mg氯化氧锆,溶于8mL的DMF中,将所得溶液置于80℃烘箱中反应2小时。冷却至室温以后将47mg四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉(TCPP)并超声溶解。接下来将此混合溶液加热至80℃并反应24小时,冷却后离心分离并用DMF清洗三遍。清洗完成后,在离心管中加入10mL的DMF,超声后得到6000mg/L的MOF-525溶液。随后再用DMF溶剂将上述MOF-525溶液稀释到6mg/L,得到用于检测变压器油中铜离子的MOF-525的DMF溶液。
将此溶液与含有不同浓度铜离子的变压器油在比色皿中混合,充分摇晃、超声后静置五分钟。在512nm的光激发下,溶液共有两个荧光发光峰,分别位于651nm和716nm处。在铜离子浓度为0.06~0.6ppm的范围内,651nm处的发光峰强度会随着铜离子浓度的增加而线性降低,它们之间的关系可以用如下公式进行拟合:
I/I0=7432.53-7622.89CCu2+
其中,I0是651nm的荧光发光峰在变压器油中不含有任何离子的发光峰强,I是651nm的荧光发光峰的实际发光强度,CCu2+为变压器油中铜离子的浓度(以ppm为单位)。
根据变压器油中常用的检测标准,当铜离子浓度超过0.6ppm时,可推断其存在一定的故障可能性。上述的MOF-525的DMF溶液符合变压器油的实际检测要求。
实施例2:
利用MOF-525的水溶液通过萃取法检测变压器油中铜离子浓度,其具体合成路线如下:
准确称量1.35g苯甲酸和105mg氯化氧锆,溶于8mL的DMF中,将所得溶液置于80℃烘箱中反应2小时。冷却至室温以后将47mg四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉(TCPP)并超声溶解。接下来将此混合溶液加热至80℃并反应24小时,冷却后离心分离并用去离子水清洗三遍。清洗完成后,在离心管中加入10mL的去离子水,超声后得到6000mg/L的MOF-525溶液。随后再用去离子水将上述MOF-525溶液稀释到6mg/L,得到用于检测变压器油中铜离子的MOF-525的水溶液。
将此溶液与含有不同浓度铜离子的变压器油在比色皿中混合,充分摇晃、超声后静置五分钟。在512nm的光激发下,溶液共有两个荧光发光峰,分别位于651nm和716nm处。在铜离子浓度为0.06~0.6ppm的范围内,651nm处的发光峰强度会随着铜离子浓度的增加而线性降低。
根据变压器油中常用的检测标准,当铜离子浓度超过0.6ppm时,可推断其存在一定的故障可能性。上述的MOF-525的水溶液符合变压器油的实际检测要求。
实施例3:
利用R101@ZIF-67的水溶液通过萃取法检测变压器油中铁离子浓度,其具体合成路线如下:
准确称量0.1g六水硝酸钴溶解于8mL去离子水中,并加入300μL浓度为1mg/mL罗丹明101的水溶液搅拌20分钟,另准确称量0.2g 2-甲基咪唑溶解在8mL去离子水中,将两种溶液混合后在室温下搅拌6h,反应完成后离心收集,并用去离子水清洗三遍。清洗完成后,取6mg样品,加入10mL的去离子水,超声后得到高浓度的R101@ZIF-67水溶液。随后再用去离子水将上述R101@ZIF-67溶液稀释到6mg/L,得到用于检测变压器油中铁离子的R101@ZIF-67的水溶液。
将此溶液与含有不同浓度铁离子的变压器油在比色皿中混合,充分摇晃、超声后静置五分钟。在580nm的光激发下,溶液出现波长位于618nm的荧光发射峰。在铜离子浓度为0~33ppm的范围内,618nm处的发光峰强度会随着铁离子浓度的增加而线性增加,它们之间的关系可以用如下公式进行拟合:
I=-659.9+258.9CFe3+
其中,I是618nm的荧光发光峰的实际发光强度,CFe3+为变压器油中铁离子的浓度(以ppm为单位)。
根据变压器油中常用的检测标准,当铁离子浓度超过33ppm时,可推断其存在一定的故障可能性。上述的R101@ZIF-67的水溶液符合变压器油的实际检测要求。
实施例4:
利用Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2的乙醇溶液通过萃取法检测变压器油中铜离子浓度,其具体合成路线如下:
将2.54g 1,2,4,5-均苯四甲酸和2.43g四氯化锆在室温下搅拌分散在60mL蒸馏水和40mL乙酸中,然后在100℃下加热24h,得到粉末产物。在室温下,产物在无水甲醇中浸泡三天,在此期间每天离心倒掉清液,并加入甲醇,然后用丙酮同样处理样品5天,将样品真空干燥,去除样品孔隙中残留的反应物,得到最终产物UiO-66-(COOH)2。将0.1g的UiO-66-(COOH)2和0.446gEu(NO3)36H2O加入装有10mL蒸馏水的单口烧瓶中,60℃下加热24h,反应完成后离心洗涤,去除产物孔隙内的反应物,洗涤完成后,取6mg样品,加入10mL的乙醇,超声后得到高浓度的Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2溶液。随后再用乙醇将上述Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2溶液稀释到6mg/L,得到用于检测汽油中硫化氢的Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2的乙醇溶液。
将此溶液与含有不同浓度铜离子的变压器油在比色皿中混合,充分摇晃、超声后静置五分钟。在305nm的光激发下,Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2溶液的发射峰主要由两部分组成,一部分是来自配体在393nm处的宽带发射,另一部分来自于Eu3+的特征发射峰,位于579、592、615、651和700nm处,与Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2的发光相比。当Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2溶液萃取出变压器油中铜离子之后,Eu3+@UiO-66-(COOH)2与溶液中铜离子复合,抑制了配体向Eu3+的能量传递效率,所以配体发光较强,而Eu3+的发光强度明显下降。铜离子浓度为0~50ppm时,荧光强度与离子浓度存在线性相关关系。
实施例5:
利用DMASM@ZIF-90溶液通过萃取法检测变压器油中铁离子浓度,其具体合成路线如下:
准确称量0.1g六水硝酸锌溶解于8mL DMF中,并加入300μL浓度为1mg/mL DMASMDMF溶液搅拌20分钟,另准确称量0.25g 2-甲醛基咪唑溶解在8mL DMF中,将两种溶液混合后在室温下搅拌6h,反应完成后离心收集,并用DMF清洗三遍。清洗完成后,取6mg样品,加入10mL的DMF,超声后得到高浓度的DMASM@ZIF-90溶液。随后再用DMF将上述DMASM@ZIF-90溶液稀释到6mg/L,得到用于检测变压器油中铁离子的DMASM@ZIF-90DMF溶液。
将此溶液与含有不同浓度铁离子的变压器油在比色皿中混合,充分摇晃、超声后静置五分钟。在380nm的光激发下,溶液出现波长位于610nm的荧光发射峰。在铁离子浓度为0~50ppm的范围内,610nm处的发光峰强度会随着铁离子浓度的增加而增加。
实施例6:
利用UiO-67-bpydc水溶液检测变压器油中铁离子浓度,其具体合成路线如下:
将2g 4,4′-联吡啶和2.43g四氯化锆在室温下搅拌分散在60mL蒸馏水和40mL乙酸中,然后在100℃下加热24h,得到粉末产物。在室温下,产物在无水甲醇中浸泡三天,在此期间每天离心倒掉清液,并加入甲醇,然后用丙酮同样处理样品5天,将样品真空干燥,去除样品孔隙中残留的反应物,得到最终产物UiO-67-bpydc。随后将UiO-67-bpydc粉末去离子水配成6mg/L的水溶液,得到用于检测变压器油中铁离子的水溶液。
将此溶液与含有不同浓度铁离子的变压器油在比色皿中混合,充分摇晃、超声后静置五分钟。在395nm的光激发下,UiO-67-bpydc溶液发射位于562nm的荧光。当UiO-67-bpydc溶液萃取出变压器油中铁离子之后,其配体上的氮原子可与铁离子结合,抑制了配体的荧光。而且铁离子本身具有一定的荧光吸收能力,所以这种溶液的荧光会被铁离子淬灭。
Claims (7)
1.一种变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,首先通过萃取法将变压器油中的离子转移至检测试剂中,再对检测试剂中的荧光强度进行分析,从而得到变压器油中待测离子的浓度;所述的检测试剂是由特定金属-有机框架材料与溶剂配成的溶液,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料是指可以对待测离子产生特异性荧光响应的金属-有机框架材料;所述的萃取法具体如下:取待测变压器油滴入制备好的检测试剂中,充分振荡后静置,当待测变压器油颜色变浅,检测试剂颜色变深,表明萃取完成,变压器油中离子被萃取至检测试剂中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料的尺寸为纳米级别,检测试剂是由特定金属-有机框架材料与溶剂形成的悬浮液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料的尺寸为1-500nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,所述的待测离子为氢离子、氢氧根离子、钠离子、镁离子、铝离子、硫离子、硫氢根离子、氯离子、次氯酸根离子、铬离子、锰离子、铁离子、钴离子、镍离子、铜离子、锌离子、锡离子、汞离子、或铅离子。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂选自水、乙醇、甲醇、N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N’-二乙基甲酰胺、乙腈。
6.根据权利要求1所述的变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,所述的特定金属-有机框架材料为对特定离子产生特异性荧光响应的金属-有机框架材料,选自MOF-525,R101@ZIF-67,Eu3+@
UiO-66-(COOH)2,DMASM@ZIF-90,UiO-67-bpydc,Eu3+@MIL-53-COOH(Al),或Eu3+/ Ag+@UiO-66-(COOH)2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的变压器油中待测离子浓度的荧光检测方法,其特征在于,所述的变压器油为各级变压器所使用的绝缘油。
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