CN111383872B - Cooling structure for klystron - Google Patents
Cooling structure for klystron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111383872B CN111383872B CN201811615240.7A CN201811615240A CN111383872B CN 111383872 B CN111383872 B CN 111383872B CN 201811615240 A CN201811615240 A CN 201811615240A CN 111383872 B CN111383872 B CN 111383872B
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- Prior art keywords
- klystron
- drift tube
- cooling structure
- tube
- magnetic screen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/005—Cooling methods or arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/12—Vessels; Containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/005—Cooling methods or arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/12—Vessels; Containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J2225/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
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- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling structure applied to a klystron, wherein the klystron comprises a plurality of tubular drift tubes; the cooling structure comprises a cavity plate, a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the cavity plate is perpendicular to the drift tube, is sleeved with the drift tube, is sealed and fixed, and is provided with at least one water inlet and at least one water outlet; the central tube is positioned in the center and is arranged in parallel with the drift tube; the first magnetic screen plate is perpendicular to the drift tube and is sleeved, sealed and fixed with the drift tube and the central tube; and the collector magnetic screen is hermetically fixed with the cavity plate and the first magnetic screen plate so as to form a space surrounding the drift tube with the cavity plate and the first magnetic screen plate. The cooling structure of the invention enables the cooling liquid to surround the tube wall of each drift tube for cooling, thereby improving the cooling efficiency; the central tube can support the fixed cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate, so that the space is not extruded in work, and the cooling structure is easy to assemble. The cooling structure of the invention can be expanded to the cooling structure of each cavity of the multi-injection klystron, and the working stability of the multi-injection klystron is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of klystron tool design, in particular to a cooling structure for a klystron.
Background
The klystron is a power amplifier device which converts the kinetic energy of electron beam into microwave energy by utilizing the interaction of high-speed electron beam and microwave signal. The application range of the klystron is very wide, almost all satellite communications use the klystron as a final amplifier, and one or a plurality of klystrons are used as high-power amplifiers for generating high-frequency transmission pulses in most radar systems. In addition, the klystron can be used in some high power amplifiers, such as the driver stage of a quadrature field amplifier, among other devices.
In the working process of the klystron, high voltage and high frequency are needed to be added to the klystron, a part of electrons are emitted to the drift tube, and certain heat can be generated at some parts of the body of the klystron, so that a cooling system needs to be added to heat source parts such as a cavity, a collector and an output window of the klystron, the generated heat can be rapidly taken away by water flow, and the temperature of the heat source parts can be maintained at a rated working temperature. Especially, the electron beam arrives this section region of collector behind the output chamber because the electron beam loses some energy through the output chamber, owing to receive the influence that the magnetic field descends, the electron beam is easy to appear dispersing simultaneously, and this section region of drift tube relatively speaking can produce more heat, if the heat that this tip region produced can not in time be dispelled, the temperature of drift tube body can rise gradually, and when the temperature rose to certain degree, intraductal part can be burnt out, destroys the intraductal structure and leads to the klystron ineage to become invalid. The quality of the cooling effect has a direct influence on the use of the klystron.
In the prior art, those skilled in the art have used a drift tube by forming a plurality of through holes in a metal monolithic structure. The common cooling structure is also used for cooling the integral structure of metal, the cooling liquid cannot reach the tube wall of the drift tube, and the cooling efficiency is not high. With the development of the multi-beam klystron towards a high power and wide frequency band, the drift tube body in the region from the output cavity to the collector electrode bears higher heat, and the cooling structure provided by the prior art is difficult to dissipate the heat of the drift tube in the region in time, so that the klystron is easy to work unstably or even damaged.
In order to overcome the technical defects in the prior art, a cooling structure for a high-power multi-beam klystron needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient and stable cooling structure of a klystron.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cooling structure of a klystron, the klystron including a plurality of tubular drift tubes; the cooling structure includes: the cavity plate is perpendicular to the drift tube, is sleeved and sealed with the drift tube and is fixed with the drift tube in a sealing way, and is provided with at least one water inlet and at least one water outlet; the central tube is positioned in the center and is arranged in parallel with the drift tube; the first magnetic screen plate is perpendicular to the drift tube and is sleeved, sealed and fixed with the drift tube and the central tube, and the collector magnetic screen is sealed and fixed with the cavity plate and the first magnetic screen plate so as to form a space surrounding the drift tube with the cavity plate and the first magnetic screen plate.
Preferably, the cooling structure further comprises a baffle ring disposed between the cavity plate and the first magnetic shield plate, the baffle ring having a plurality of slots formed therein.
Preferably, the plurality of slots are respectively radially disposed adjacent to the drift tube.
Preferably, the cooling structure further comprises at least one middle magnetic shield plate with a plurality of through holes formed thereon, and each middle magnetic shield plate is perpendicular to the drift tube and is sleeved, sealed and fixed with the drift tube and the central tube.
Preferably, the first magnetic screen plate and each intermediate magnetic screen plate are respectively fixed with a baffle ring, and each baffle ring is formed with a plurality of slots.
Preferably, the drift tube and the cavity plate are respectively made of oxygen-free copper, and a tungsten layer is preferably formed on the inner surface of the drift tube.
Preferably, the collector magnetic shield and each magnetic shield are made of iron, and preferably, the magnetic shield surface is formed with a copper layer formed by pressure diffusion welding.
Preferably, the drift tube is brazed to the magnetic shield.
Preferably, the baffle ring is made of oxygen-free copper.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a klystron including a cooling structure of the klystron as described above.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the cooling structure of the klystron, the drift tube between the output cavity of the klystron and the collector is designed into the tubular drift tube, and the cavity plate, the first magnetic screen plate and the collector magnetic screen form a space surrounding the drift tube, so that cooling liquid in the space can surround the drift tube to cool the tube wall, the heat of the tube wall of the drift tube can be dissipated in time, the cooling efficiency of the cooling structure on the drift tube is improved, and the stable work of the klystron is guaranteed. And the central tube positioned at the center can effectively support and fix the cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate, so that the space where the cooling liquid is contacted with the wall of the drift tube in the working process of the klystron can not be extruded because the cavity plate or the magnetic screen plate is deformed. And the central tube is provided with a convex ring extending outwards on the outer side wall, and the convex ring can play a role in further supporting and fixing each magnetic screen plate. The cooling structure can be assembled with the high-frequency part of the klystron and the collector by brazing, and the preparation process is simple. The cooling structure can be expanded to each cavity cooling structure of the multi-injection klystron, and the working stability of the multi-injection klystron is effectively improved. The cooling structure of the invention can form a plurality of spaces around the drift tube by further providing the middle magnetic shield on which a plurality of through holes are formed, thereby prolonging the contact time of the cooling liquid and the tube wall of the drift tube, leading the cooling liquid to more fully dissipate the heat of the tube wall and further improving the cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the collector magnetic screen and each magnetic screen plate are made of iron, and copper layers formed by pressure diffusion welding are formed on the surfaces of the collector magnetic screen and each magnetic screen plate, so that the air tightness of the welding of the collector magnetic screen and each magnetic screen plate and the drift tube can be ensured. The tubular drift tube is formed by oxygen-free copper, and the tungsten layer is formed on the inner surface of the tubular drift tube, so that the electron bombardment resistance of the drift tube can be improved, and the working stability of the klystron is ensured. Furthermore, the cooling structure of the invention also comprises a baffle ring arranged between the cavity plate and the magnetic shield plate or between the magnetic shield plates, which is used for supporting the cavity plate and the magnetic shield plates, ensuring enough space to ensure that the cooling liquid is fully contacted with the tube wall of the drift tube, and ensuring the stability of the cooling structure. Through being provided with a plurality of flutings on keeping off the ring, the coolant liquid can directly reach each drift tube pipe wall through the fluting, ensures that every drift tube can both be cooled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a 3D cross-sectional view of a cooling structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan sectional view of fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a top view of a support ring of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
In known klystrons, a plurality of through holes are typically formed in a metal monolithic structure to serve as drift tubes, and cooling of the drift tubes is accomplished by cooling the metal monolithic structure. The cooling liquid of the cooling structure can not reach the root of the drift tube, and the cooling efficiency is poor. For a high-power multi-beam klystron, the structure is more complex, the heat quantity borne by a drift tube body in a region from an output cavity to a collector is higher, and the cooling structure provided by the prior art cannot dissipate the heat quantity of the drift tube in the region in time, so that the klystron is unstable in work and even damaged easily. The cooling structure is an improvement of the conventional cooling structure, and the drift tube walls are effectively cooled by arranging the drift tubes in a split manner and arranging the space in which cooling liquid can surround the drift tube walls.
The cooling structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to fig. 1-2.
As shown in fig. 1-2, unlike the prior art in which a plurality of through holes are formed in a metal block-shaped integral structure for forming drift tubes, the preferred embodiment provides a plurality of tubular drift tubes 11, and the plurality of tubular drift tubes 11 are arranged in a split manner and in a circular ring shape. The cooling structure comprises a cavity plate 12, wherein a plurality of through holes corresponding to the drift tube are formed on the cavity plate, so that the cavity plate 12 is perpendicular to the drift tube 11 and is sleeved, sealed and fixed with the drift tube 11. The cavity plate is formed with at least one water inlet 121 and at least one water outlet 122, and it is to be understood that the cooling structure of the present invention is also cooled using cooling water or other cooling liquid. The cavity plate 12 may be a disk shape as shown in the preferred embodiment, or may be other shapes as long as it is perpendicular to the drift tube and is sleeved and sealed with the drift tube. The cooling structure further comprises a central tube 18, wherein the central tube 18 is located in the center and is parallel to the drift tube 11, and the central tube is made of an oxygen-free copper material and used for supporting the fixed cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate. The cooling structure further comprises a first magnetic screen plate 13, wherein a plurality of through holes corresponding to the drift tube 11 and the central tube 18 are formed on the first magnetic screen plate 13, so that the first magnetic screen plate 13 can be perpendicular to the drift tube 11 and is sleeved, sealed and fixed with the drift tube 11 and the central tube 18. The cooling structure further comprises a collector magnetic shield 14, wherein the collector magnetic shield 14 is arranged relatively close to the collector so as to ensure that the electron beam is focused in the region from the output cavity to the collector without generating a divergence phenomenon. The collector magnetic screen 14 is located at the periphery of the first magnetic screen 13, surrounds the first magnetic screen 13, and is fixed with the first magnetic screen 13 in a sealing manner, the position of the collector magnetic screen 14 corresponding to the cavity plate 12 is provided with a first positioning groove 141, and the collector magnetic screen is fixed with the cavity plate 12 in a sealing manner through the first positioning groove 141, so that the transverse shearing force applied to the cavity plate in the working process of the klystron is reduced. The collector magnetic screen 14, the cavity plate 12 and the first magnetic screen plate 13 form a space surrounding the drift tube 11, and the space is used for cooling liquid around the wall of the drift tube 11. When cooling liquid is introduced from the water inlet, the cooling liquid flows into the space from the water inlet and reaches the wall of each drift tube, and after the accommodating space is filled with the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid flows out through the water outlet on the cavity plate. By the cooling structure of the preferred embodiment, the cooling liquid can directly cool around the wall of the drift tube and perform sufficient heat exchange with the wall of the drift tube, so that the heat of the wall of the drift tube is dissipated in time, the cooling efficiency of the cooling structure on the drift tube is improved, and the stable work of the klystron is ensured; meanwhile, the central tube positioned at the center is arranged, so that the cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate can be effectively supported and fixed, and the space where the cooling liquid is contacted with the wall of the drift tube in the working process of the klystron is prevented from being extruded due to deformation of the cavity plate or the magnetic screen plate. According to the cooling structure, the cooling structure can be independently applied to the part between the output cavity of the klystron and the collector, the assembly with the klystron high-frequency band and the collector is easy to realize, and the assembly with the existing high-frequency structure of the blocky metal can be realized. Meanwhile, the cooling structure can be applied to cooling structures of all cavities of the multi-injection klystron, and the working stability of the multi-injection klystron is further improved. According to the klystron cooling structure of the present invention, the drift tube 11 and the cavity plate 12 may be made of oxygen-free copper, respectively. Preferably, a tungsten layer is formed on the inner surface of the drift tube 11, so that the resistance of the drift tube to electron bombardment can be improved. The magnetic screen plate and the collector magnetic screen are made of iron, for example, and meet the requirement of the klystron on a magnetic field.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling structure further comprises at least one intermediate magnetic screen 16 having a plurality of through holes formed therein, the intermediate magnetic screen 16 being disposed perpendicular to the drift tube 11 and sealingly fitted with the drift tube 11 and the central tube 18. The intermediate magnetic screen plate 16 is made of an iron material, and meets the requirement of the region on a magnetic field. The middle magnetic screen plate 16 divides a single space into a plurality of multi-layer spaces surrounding the drift tube 11, other through holes formed in the middle magnetic screen plate provide communication of the spaces of all layers, and after the spaces of all layers are filled with cooling liquid, the cooling liquid flows out from the water outlet, so that the contact time of the cooling liquid and the tube wall of the drift tube is prolonged, the heat of the tube wall is fully dissipated by the cooling liquid, and the cooling efficiency is further improved under the condition that the requirements of the region on the magnetic field are met. In the preferred embodiment, it is further preferred that the center tube 18 can be divided into a first center tube 181 and a second center tube 182. As shown in fig. 1-2, the first center tube 181 is formed between the cavity plate 12 and the adjacent intermediate magnetic shield 16. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the first center tube and the cavity plate can be an integral structure, so that the assembly is easy, and the assembly workload is saved. The first central tube can support and fix the cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate, and prevent the cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate from deforming during the operation of the klystron, so that a space where the cooling liquid is contacted with the wall of the drift tube is extruded; and the second central tube 182 is positioned in the center of the middle magnetic screen plate 16 and the first magnetic screen plate 13, the top end of the second central tube 182 is positioned in the middle magnetic screen plate 16, the second central tube supports and fixes the magnetic screen plates and the first magnetic screen plate, so that the magnetic screen plates and the first magnetic screen plate are prevented from deforming in the working process, and the space where the cooling liquid is contacted with the wall of the drift tube is compressed. The pipe diameters of the first central pipe and the second central pipe may be the same or different, and the present invention is not limited to this. And the outer side pipe wall of the central pipe 18 can be extended outwards to form a convex ring 183, and the convex ring 183 can be fixed between the cavity plate 12 and the middle magnetic screen plate 16 in a combined manner, between the middle magnetic screen plates or between the middle magnetic screen plate 16 and the first magnetic screen plate 13, so as to further support and fix the cavity plate, the middle magnetic screen plate and the first magnetic screen plate.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling structure further comprises a baffle ring 15 disposed between the cavity plate 12 and the first magnetic shield plate 13, and the baffle ring 15 may be made of oxygen-free copper. The first magnetic screen plate 13 is provided with a positioning slot 131, and the baffle ring 15 is positioned by the positioning slot 131 and fixed with the cavity plate 12. The transverse shearing force for positioning the baffle ring is reduced through the positioning groove, the baffle ring 15 supports the cavity plate and the magnetic screen plate, sufficient space is ensured to enable cooling liquid to be in full contact with the wall of the drift tube, and the stability of a cooling structure is ensured. As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of radial slots 151 are formed in the baffle ring 15, and the slots may be uniformly distributed or arranged adjacent to the drift tubes, so that the cooling liquid reaches the walls of the drift tubes 11 through the slots 151, thereby ensuring that each drift tube is sufficiently cooled. Further, in the above preferred embodiment, a retaining ring 15 may also be respectively fixed between the first magnetic shield plate 13 and the intermediate magnetic shield plate 16, between the intermediate magnetic shield plates, or between the intermediate magnetic shield plate 16 and the cavity plate 12, as shown in fig. 3, and a plurality of slots 151 are formed on each retaining ring 15. And the middle magnetic screen plate is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the baffle ring. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising a plurality of tubular drift tubes, the plurality of slots 151 may be respectively radially disposed adjacent to the drift tube 11. The structure can ensure that the cooling liquid is fully contacted with the wall of each drift tube while ensuring the space stability. In addition, the diameters of the baffle rings can be the same or different, and the baffle rings can be selected by the skilled in the art according to the needs.
Further, in order to ensure the air tightness of the welding between the intermediate magnetic screen plate and the drift tube, the surfaces of the first magnetic screen plate 13 made of iron and each intermediate magnetic screen plate 16 are provided with copper layers 17 formed by pressure diffusion welding. The drift tube 11 is brazed with the first magnetic screen 13 and each intermediate magnetic screen 16.
There is further provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a klystron including a cooling structure as described above.
The advantages of the klystron over the prior art are the same as the advantages of the cooling structure over the prior art, and are not described in detail here.
It will be apparent that various other modifications and adaptations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and adaptations come within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cooling structure of a klystron is characterized in that,
the klystron comprises a plurality of tubular drift tubes;
the cooling structure includes:
the cavity plate is perpendicular to the drift tube, is sleeved and sealed with the drift tube and is fixed with the drift tube in a sealing way, and is provided with at least one water inlet and at least one water outlet;
the central tube is positioned in the center and is arranged in parallel with the drift tube;
a first magnetic screen plate which is perpendicular to the drift tube and is sleeved, sealed and fixed with the drift tube and the central tube,
and the collector magnetic screen is hermetically fixed with the cavity plate and the first magnetic screen plate so as to form a space surrounding the drift tube with the cavity plate and the first magnetic screen plate.
2. The cooling structure of a klystron as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a baffle ring disposed between said cavity plate and said first magnetic shield, said baffle ring having a plurality of slots formed therein.
3. The klystron cooling structure of claim 2, wherein the plurality of slots are each disposed radially adjacent to the drift tube.
4. The klystron cooling structure of claim 1 further comprising at least one intermediate magnetic shield having a plurality of through holes formed therein, each intermediate magnetic shield being perpendicular to the drift tube and being sealingly secured in place with the drift tube and the center tube.
5. The cooling structure of a klystron as defined in claim 4 wherein said first and intermediate magnetic screens have retaining rings fixed thereto, each retaining ring having a plurality of slots formed therein.
6. The cooling structure of a klystron as set forth in claim 1, wherein said drift tube and said cavity plate are each made of oxygen-free copper, and a tungsten layer is formed on an inner surface of said drift tube.
7. The cooling structure of a klystron as set forth in claim 4, wherein the collector magnetic shield, the first magnetic shield and the intermediate magnetic shield are made of iron, and copper layers formed by pressure diffusion welding are formed on the surfaces of the first magnetic shield and the intermediate magnetic shield.
8. The cooling structure of a klystron as recited in claim 4, wherein said drift tube is brazed to said first and intermediate magnetic screens.
9. The cooling structure of a klystron as set forth in claim 2 or 5, wherein said baffle ring is made of oxygen-free copper.
10. A klystron, comprising the cooling structure of the klystron of claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811615240.7A CN111383872B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Cooling structure for klystron |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811615240.7A CN111383872B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Cooling structure for klystron |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111383872A CN111383872A (en) | 2020-07-07 |
| CN111383872B true CN111383872B (en) | 2021-12-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811615240.7A Active CN111383872B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Cooling structure for klystron |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000048730A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Toshiba Corp | Klystron |
| CN207217462U (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-04-10 | 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 | Velocity modulation tube chamber cooling structure |
-
2018
- 2018-12-27 CN CN201811615240.7A patent/CN111383872B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000048730A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Toshiba Corp | Klystron |
| CN207217462U (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-04-10 | 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 | Velocity modulation tube chamber cooling structure |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN111383872A (en) | 2020-07-07 |
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