CN1113649C - 用氨基酸/环糊精组合稳定酸敏苯并咪唑 - Google Patents
用氨基酸/环糊精组合稳定酸敏苯并咪唑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1113649C CN1113649C CN98803296A CN98803296A CN1113649C CN 1113649 C CN1113649 C CN 1113649C CN 98803296 A CN98803296 A CN 98803296A CN 98803296 A CN98803296 A CN 98803296A CN 1113649 C CN1113649 C CN 1113649C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical composition
- omeprazole
- aminoacid
- cyclodextrin
- amino acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其包括或由以下物质组成:作为活性成分的苯并咪唑衍生物,以及作为赋形剂的至少一种环糊精和至少一种氨基酸。
Description
本发明涉及稳定的药物组合物,其包括水分和作为药物活性成分的酸敏苯并咪唑衍生物(如奥美拉唑)以及作为赋形剂的氨基酸和环糊精,本发明还涉及制备此等药物组合物的方法。
奥美拉唑(5-甲氧基-2-2(4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基-2-吡啶基-甲基-亚硫酰基)-1H-苯并咪唑)是胃酸分泌的有效抑制剂,而且具有强的抗溃疡活性。已知的是,奥美拉唑在酸性和中性pH条件下快速分解。另外,水分、有机溶剂和UV-照射也都可加速奥美拉唑的分解,使溶液及固体形式的该物质变色。例如,奥美拉唑在pH低于4的水溶液中的半衰期为10分钟,但在pH为6.8时为18小时,而在pH为11时则为约300天(M.Mathew及其同事,Drug Dev.Ind.Pharm.,21,965,1995)。有报道称该药物在碱性条件下是稳定的(Pilbrant A和Cederberg C.Scand.J.Gastroenterology,Suppl.108,113-120(1985))。根据A.Brandstrom及其同事(Acta Chem.Scand.43,536,1989),奥美拉唑的酸催化分解动力学是非常复杂的,主要的分解作用遵循相当复杂的二级反应。
已有人描述了稳定酸不稳定化合物、特别是奥美拉唑的方法。
一些专利申请(USP-5232706、EPA-0567201 A2、EPA-0519144A1、EPA-0496437 A2、USP-5385739、DEA-1204363和EPA-0247983 B1)提出了克服该稳定性问题的常规方法,其是在芯和肠溶包衣层之间施用惰性保护层。所述芯包括药物活性物质(奥美拉唑)或其盐、碱或酸中和添加剂、碱性盐或它们的组合。
奥美拉唑的重吸收在上十二指肠中进行。因此,为保证足够高的生物利用度,必须确保在通过幽门后快速和完全释放活性成分。为此,在奥美拉唑上施用肠溶包衣,即、耐受胃液的材料,该材料一方面在胃的酸环境(pH约为1-3)中是不溶的,但另一方面可在十二指肠的弱酸至弱碱性区域(pH>5.5)中溶解。但是,普通的肠溶包衣是由酸性化合物制成的。如果包含奥美拉唑的芯用常规肠溶包衣包覆,但没有底包衣的话,奥美拉唑会由于与包衣直接或间接接触而快速分解,其结果是,制剂变色。
虽然奥美拉唑对有机溶剂的敏感性是已知的,但有人使用丙酮和二氯甲烷(EPA-0496437 A2、EPA-0567201 A2)或丙酮和乙醇(USP-5385739、EPA-0519144 A1)作为片剂的肠溶包衣。该处理方法在肠溶包衣加工或长期储存期间会损坏活性成分。
所有已知的方法都包括复杂的多步操作,导致最终产品价格昂贵,而且该产品必须在防潮包装中储存在特定的条件下。
DE-427785 A1、DE-3427786 A1、DE-3427787 A1试图通过不同的方法来解决奥美拉唑的稳定性问题。在较高的温度下,使奥美拉唑和β-环糊精(CD)或β-环糊精的衍生物(羟丙基环糊精)在96%乙醇中反应15小时。在冷却时,分离出白色晶体物质,据信该晶体物质为奥美拉唑/β-CD的包含复合物。但是,在有96%乙醇存在时,15小时的较高温度会使奥美拉唑大部分分解,由此导致在分离的产物中几乎没有活性成分的存在。众所周知的是,乙醇是一种竞争性环糊精复合物形成剂。使用上述方法仅能从96%乙醇系统中分离出晶体状乙醇/β-CD复合物(Otagiri,M.等人,Acta Pharm.Suetica 21,357(1984);Pitha,J.和Hoshiro,T.:Int.J.Pharm 80,234(1992))。
WO93/13138公开了稳定酸敏苯并咪唑的方法,更具体而言是稳定药物组合物中的奥美拉唑,该组合物包括奥美拉唑的环糊精复合物、保护性惰性层和肠溶包衣。在碱性氢氧化物、碱性盐、胺或缓冲剂存在时,奥美拉唑与环糊精或其衍生物在30-70℃下在均匀溶液系统中反应1-30分钟。冷却至室温后,在4℃下使反应溶液静置3-15小时,以形成奥美拉唑/环糊精复合物。该经分离的包含复合物用一些冷水洗涤几次,以完全除去在包含复合物上残余的碱性组分。另外,通过喷雾干燥、冻干或真空蒸发,可从反应溶液中除去水,分离出作为稳定化合物的包含复合物粉末。
在现有技术中,由奥美拉唑和碱性物质制成的芯以及由奥美拉唑和环糊精制成的包含复合物,在没有氨基酸时,都不够稳定。惰性保护层是必须的,以保证奥美拉唑的稳定性,而且在储存最终产品时需要特定的防潮包装。
本发明的主要目的是通过形成苯并咪唑/环糊精包含复合物来保证作为活性成分的苯并咪唑如奥美拉唑的稳定。
现已发现,在有氨基酸存在时与环糊精如β-环糊精复合,可使苯并咪唑如奥美拉唑稳定。而且还发现,在此情况下,令人惊奇的是不必使用另外的惰性或肠溶层来保护包含苯并咪唑/环糊精复合物及氨基酸的颗粒或芯。用肠溶包衣层包衣芯仅是任选的。
因此,本发明中所述的问题是通过一种药物组合物来解决的,该组合物包括或由以下物质组成:
—作为活性成分的苯并咪唑衍生物,以及作为赋形剂的
—至少一种环糊精和
—至少一种氨基酸。
本发明提供了一种新型的苯并咪唑药物组合物,其具有稳定性高和制造简单的特点。
苯并咪唑衍生物可以是在有水分存在、特别是在pH小于等于11、尤其时小于等于7时分解的化合物。这些苯并咪唑衍生物的例子是奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑(lansoprazole)、来明拉唑(leminoprazole)、雷贝拉唑(rabeprazole)和泮托帕唑(pantoprazole)。奥美拉唑是优选的。
另外,本发明的具体实施方案涉及一种药物组合物,其中包含复合物形成剂是β-环糊精、单或多烷基化的β-环糊精、单或多羟烷基化的β-环糊精或γ-环糊精,优选β-环糊精。
可用于本发明药物组合物中的氨基酸是碱性氨基酸,优选为精氨酸、赖氨酸或羟基赖氨酸,特别是L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸、或L-羟基赖氨酸;碱性二肽或药物学上可接受的碱性氨基酸衍生物。
本发明的具体实施方案还涉及一种药物组合物,其中奥美拉唑与环糊精的摩尔比为1-10,优选为1-2。
本发明的具体实施方案还涉及一种药物组合物,其中氨基酸(优选L-精氨酸)与奥美拉唑的摩尔比为0.5-10,优选为1-1。
本发明的具体实施方案还涉及一种药物组合物,其中该组合物为粉末剂、丸剂或颗粒剂,可任选地加工成片剂。
根据本发明的药物组合物的特征在于,粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂的颗粒不用肠溶包衣来包衣。但是,粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂可包含在胶囊中,该胶囊可任选地包覆肠溶包衣。
另外,粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂的颗粒可具有肠溶包衣,并任选地包含在胶囊中,而该胶囊则不包覆肠溶包衣。
作为肠溶包衣材料的例子,可使用聚合物,如邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、共聚的甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯或水基聚合物分散体,如商品名为EudragitL(Rohm Pharma)的已知化合物或类似化合物。肠溶包衣层可任选地包含药物学上可接受的增塑剂,如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、癸二酸二乙酯或柠檬酸三乙酯。在肠溶包衣层中还可包括分散剂如滑石、着色剂、以及颜料。
另外,本发明所述的问题还可通过制备本发明之药物组合物的方法来解决,其中:
(i)用水润湿并混合苯并咪唑衍生物、至少一种环糊精、以及至少一种氨基酸,
(ii)干燥所得的混合物。
本发明所述的问题还通过制备本发明之药物组合物的方法来解决,其中:
(i)用水润湿并混合苯并咪唑衍生物、至少一种环糊精、以及至少一种氨基酸,
(ii)干燥所得的混合物,然后
(iii)检查组合物的变色,如果得到变色产物,则丢弃该变色产物,选择其他的氨基酸,并重复(i)-(iii)的步骤,直至得到不变色的产物。
本发明方法之步骤(i)中的混合可通过湿捏合来进行。
本发明方法之步骤(i)中所用的水可以是含氨的(ammoniacal)水或者是无任何氨的水。
本发明方法之步骤(ii)中的干燥可通过冻干、喷雾干燥或真空干燥来进行。
在制造丸剂时,本发明的药物组合物可与粘合剂如微晶纤维素以及赋形剂如羟丙基纤维素混合,然后例如用异丙醇润湿,接着用常规制药法将其成型为丸剂。该丸剂可用作进一步加工用的芯。丸剂可直接填入胶囊中,该胶囊可任选地用肠溶包衣来包衣。另外,该丸剂本身可用肠溶包衣来包衣,然后任选地填入未包衣的胶囊中。
肠溶包衣层可通过常规包衣法而被施用在丸剂上,所述包衣法例如是衣锅包衣法、流化床包衣法、流化床底部喷涂包衣法或涡轮喷射技术,该涡轮喷射技术用于制备大量药物,其使用聚合物在水和/或合适有机溶剂中的分散体或者使用所述聚合物的乳液分散体。肠溶包衣聚合物的例子如以上所述。
使用本发明的药物组合物可产生药物有效量的血浆浓度,并提供足够高的生物利用度。对于活性成分与配合剂组合使用的事实来说,这是不可想象的。
以下将通过实施例更为具体地描述本发明,但这些实施例并不是用于限制本发明的范围。实施例1和对比例
在有水存在时,通过捏合来制备包含摩尔比为1∶2∶1之奥美拉唑、β-环糊精和氨基酸的组合物,然后干燥成粉末。以5w/w%的量在该组合物中混入邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素(其是一种酸性反应赋形剂),该量的基础是样品的总重量。在湿度为96%R.H.时,组合物粉末于60℃下储存7天后的光密度见表I所示。表I:在60℃和96%相对湿度下储存7天后,奥美拉唑+β-环糊精混合物的组成和变色(在346nm处测得的光密度)
样品 | 奥美拉唑 | β-环糊精 | 氨基酸 | 邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素 | 粉末溶解后的O.D. |
AB | ++ | ++ | + | 1.02.4 | |
CD | ++ | ++ | 精氨酸精氨酸 | + | 0.40.8 |
EF | ++ | ++ | 赖氨酸赖氨酸 | + | 0.60.7 |
如表I所示,氨基酸的存在增强了奥美拉唑和β-环糊精之包含复合物的稳定性。在受压状态下直接与邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素接触时,奥美拉唑没有快速分解。对比例
用与上述相同的方法制备奥美拉唑和β-环糊精之包含复合物,但不使用氨基酸。
作为参考,制备类似重量比之奥美拉唑和乳酸的混合物。奥美拉唑与β-环糊精的摩尔比以及与乳酸的摩尔比为1∶2。结果见表II。表II:在40℃和76%R.H.下储存20天后粉末混合物的组成和变色
样品 | 奥美拉唑 | β-环糊精 | 乳酸 | 邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素 | 储存在封闭容器中 | 储存在开口容器中 | 粉末溶解后的O.D. |
GH | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | 0.20.4 | ||
IJ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | 0.20.4 | ||
KL | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | 0.82.4 | ||
MN | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | 0.72.0 |
在没有氨基酸存在时,即使没有邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素,包含复合物的稳定性也只有在储存于封闭容器中时才是可以令人接受的。在所有情况下,邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素的存在增强了奥美拉唑的分解。对比储存在封闭和开口容器中的样品,湿度的作用是相当明显的:所有在开口容器中的奥美拉唑的变色要高于在封闭容器中的奥美拉唑。湿度(储存在开口容器中的样品)以及邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素(酸性添加剂)的存在明显加速了奥美拉唑的分解,而β-环糊精本身并不是一种比乳糖显著更好的稳定剂。实施例2
在本实施例中,将β-环糊精悬浮在稀氢氧化铵水溶液中,然后加入奥美拉唑和精氨酸。如前所述制备样品,并在50℃和76%R.H.下储存7天。在β-环糊精/奥美拉唑/精氨酸的悬浮液干燥后,将邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素(CAP)(5w/w%)混入所有的样品中。样品的的组成以及它们的变色见表III所示。表III:添加至奥美拉唑和邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素中的赋形剂,制备方法,以及在50℃和76%R.H.下在开口容器中储存7天后样品的变色
样品 | 组分 | 制备方法 | 溶液的O.D. | ||
OP | 乳糖β-CD | CAPCAP | 粉末混合物粉末混合物 | 2.41.6 | |
QR | β-CD+NH3β-CD | 精氨酸 | CAPCAP | 粉末混合物粉末混合物 | 0.60.8 |
ST | β-CDβ-CD+NH3 | 精氨酸精氨酸 | CAPCAP | 湿捏合湿捏合 | 0.30.1 |
UV | 乳糖β-CD+NH3 | 精氨酸 | CAPCAP | 湿捏合湿捏合 | 1.20.9 |
与表I和II的数据相比,表III的数据明显表明,在湿捏合或在溶液中使用时,β-环糊精本身能够比乳糖更为有效地防止奥美拉唑变色,特别是在氨碱性溶液中其与奥美拉唑反应时,其保护作用被精氨酸或赖氨酸的存在显著增强。
乳糖/精氨酸组合(U)或β-环糊精+NH3但没有精氨酸(V)没有产生令人满意的稳定作用。在水中通过湿捏合法制成的奥美拉唑/β-CD/精氨酸的三重组合(S-T),可得到所需要的奥美拉唑保护作用(对抗酸和水促进的分解作用),其中水可以是氨碱性水或没有氨的水。
在干燥过程中,氨被完全除去,在最终产品中检测不到氨。特别重要的是,在较高温度下上述组合对76%R.H.不敏感。实施例3
将208g的L-精氨酸溶解在2升蒸馏水中,然后将400g奥美拉唑悬浮在该溶液中(悬浮液I)。
通过Ultra-Turrax用3.2升的蒸馏水悬浮3kg的β-环糊精(水含量为11.95%)5分钟(悬浮液II)。
将悬浮液I倾倒至悬浮液II中,同时用Ultra-Turrax在8000rpm下剧烈搅拌15分钟。在分离固体产物时,冷冻悬浮液,然后通过冻干除去所包含的水。产率:3242g(97.38%)奥美拉唑含量:12.3%水含量:2.5%样品中奥美拉唑含量的测定
从表IV可以看出,样品具有良好的储存稳定性。对于在受压条件下储存的样品,其奥美拉唑含量的降低不超过0.5%的绝对值。对于室温下储存的样品,活性成分含量的变化实际上没有观察到。
除在阳光下储存于开口容器中的样品,肉眼观察样品没有发现颜色变化(见表IV)。储存在76%R.H.时,样品的吸湿作用是明显的,但没有显著的变色(表V)。表IV:在受压条件下储存2周后以及在室温下储存6个月后样品的奥美拉唑含量
储存条件 | 储存时间 | 奥美拉唑含量(%±SD) | 外观 | |
“a” | “b” | |||
- | - | 12.3±0.08 | 12.0±0.10 | 浅变色粉末 |
40℃、76%RH | 2周 | 12.0±0.06 | 11.7±0.05 | 无变化 |
室温—封闭容器—开口容器 | 6个月6个月 | 12.3±0.23 | 12.1±0.2311.3±0.5 | 无变化非常浅的黄色 |
表V:样品的吸湿作用
实施例4
储存条件 | 储存时间 | 干燥失重(%) | |
“a” | “b” | ||
- | - | 2.79 | 2.16 |
40℃、76%RH | 2周 | 9.17 | 8.23 |
室温—封闭容器—开口容器 | 6个月6个月 | 2.65- | 2.374.35 |
在研钵中使0.64g奥美拉唑和5.08gβ-环糊精(水含量:12%)均化,然后加入0.33g赖氨酸在1.5ml之2.5%NH3中的溶液,并继续均化。最后,用0.4mm实验室筛网使得到的悬浮液成粒,并在45℃下干燥24小时。得到5.5g颗粒。奥美拉唑含量:10.9%实施例5样品a:
在球磨机中共同研磨1.32g奥美拉唑、0.68g L-精氨酸和10.56gβ-环糊精(水含量:11.9%)成粉末,然后与3ml水捏合几分钟。在真空干燥器中于室温下用P2O5干燥所得浆糊过夜,然后粗磨成颗粒状。
为表征奥美拉唑在该组合物中的稳定性,还用或不用氨基酸和/或β-环糊精(水含量:11.9%)制备以下样品:样品b(没有β-环糊精):1.32g奥美拉唑
0.68g L-精氨酸
9.3g乳糖样品c(没有精氨酸): 1.32g奥美拉唑
10.56g β-环糊精样品d(没有β-CD;实施例5的机械粉末混合物):
1.32g奥美拉唑
0.68g L-精氨酸
9.3g乳糖
将经干燥的产物研磨成粉末,然后与酸性反应剂邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素(CAP)混合,CAP的量以粉末混合物的总量计为5w/w%。样品在50℃和76%RH下储存7天,然后肉眼评估它们的变色。
结果见表VI。
表VI
实施例6
样品 | 在50℃和76%R.H.下储存7天后变色情况 |
a(有β-CD) | 浅白色粉末 |
b(没有β-CD) | 棕色 |
c(没有精氨酸) | 黄棕色 |
d(没有β-CD,机械混合物) | 深棕色 |
在研钵中使0.40g奥美拉唑和3.28g γ-环糊精(水含量:4.9%)均化。所得粉末混合物与2ml之0.21g D,L-精氨酸的水溶液捏合10分钟。在真空干燥器中于室温下用P2O5干燥所得浆糊2天,然后手工使其成为粉末。得到3.6g的淡黄色粉末。奥美拉唑含量:10.5%实施例7
首先制备三种混合物:1)4.1g奥美拉唑和6g β-环糊精(水含量:11.9%)2)25g β-环糊精和55g水3)21g水和2.1g L-精氨酸
将三种混合物混合在一起,然后在下列条件中喷雾干燥所得的悬浮液:
入口温度: 120-125℃
出口温度: 75-80℃
空气压力: 2.5kg/cm2
进料速度: 4ml/min
得到37.5g浅白色粉末。奥美拉唑含量:12.6%L-精氨酸含量:6.22%水含量(KFT): 5.40%实施例8
将509g药物组合物(奥美拉唑∶β-环糊精∶精氨酸:)(1∶2∶1)、163g微晶纤维素和55g羟丙基纤维素混合5分钟。将270g异丙醇添加至该混合物中,并高速混合10分钟。将混合物挤出后,立即加工成丸剂。在40℃下干燥该丸剂约16-18小时。
将上述丸剂填入硬明胶胶囊中,该胶囊任选地包覆有肠溶包衣。或者,该丸剂用Eudragit L,例如L 100-55、L 100或L 30D,根据标准方法包覆肠溶包衣。
Claims (22)
1、一种药物组合物,其包括或由以下物质组成:
—作为活性成分的苯并咪唑衍生物,以及作为赋形剂的
—β-环糊精和/或γ-环糊精和
—至少一种氨基酸,
其中,所述苯并咪唑衍生物、至少一种环糊精和至少一种氨基酸包含在直接用肠溶包衣层包衣的芯中,所述氨基酸是碱性氨基酸、碱性二肽或药物学上可接受的碱性氨基酸衍生物。
2、如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中,所述苯并咪唑衍生物选自于在有水分存在时分解的苯并咪唑衍生物。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的药物组合物,其中,所述苯并咪唑衍生物是奥美拉唑。
4、如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中,所述环糊精是β-环糊精。
5、如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中,所述氨基酸是精氨酸、赖氨酸或羟基赖氨酸。
6、如权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其中,所述氨基酸是L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸、或L-羟基赖氨酸。
7、如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,奥美拉唑与环糊精的摩尔比为1-10。
8、如权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其中,奥美拉唑与环糊精的摩尔比为1-2。
9、如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述氨基酸与奥美拉唑的摩尔比为0.5-10。
10、如权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其中,所述氨基酸与奥美拉唑的摩尔比为1-1。
11、如权利要求9或10所述的药物组合物,其中,所述氨基酸是L-精氨酸。
12、如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其可为粉末剂、丸剂或颗粒剂,并可任选地加工成片剂。
13、如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中,所述粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂包含在胶囊中。
14、如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中,所述粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂包含在未包覆肠溶包衣的胶囊中。
15、如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中,
(i)所述粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂的颗粒包覆肠溶包衣;或者
(ii)所述粉末剂、颗粒剂或丸剂的颗粒未包覆肠溶包衣,但被加工成片剂,使得所述芯直接用所述肠溶包衣层包衣,形成所述药物组合物。
16、如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其进一步包括粘合剂和/或赋形剂。
17、如权利要求16所述的药物组合物,其中所述粘合剂是微晶纤维素,而所述赋形剂是羟丙基纤维素。
18、制备如任一前述权利要求所述之药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,
(i)用水润湿并混合苯并咪唑衍生物、至少一种环糊精、以及至少一种氨基酸,所述氨基酸是碱性氨基酸、碱性二肽或药物学上可接受的碱性氨基酸衍生物,
(ii)干燥所得的混合物。
19、制备如权利要求1-17之一所述之药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,
(i)用水润湿并混合苯并咪唑衍生物、至少一种环糊精、以及至少一种氨基酸,所述氨基酸是碱性氨基酸、碱性二肽或药物学上可接受的碱性氨基酸衍生物,
(ii)干燥所得的混合物,然后
(iii)检查组合物的变色,如果得到变色产物,则丢弃该变色产物,选择其他的氨基酸,并重复(i)-(iii)的步骤,直至得到不变色的产物。
20、如权利要求18或19所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(i)中,所述混合是通过湿捏合来进行的。
21、如权利要求18或19所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(i)中,所用的水是含氨的水或者是无氨的。
22、如权利要求18或19所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(ii)中,所述干燥是通过冻干、喷雾干燥或真空干燥来进行的。
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