CN111359688A - Microfluidic chip and application method thereof - Google Patents
Microfluidic chip and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111359688A CN111359688A CN202010242683.7A CN202010242683A CN111359688A CN 111359688 A CN111359688 A CN 111359688A CN 202010242683 A CN202010242683 A CN 202010242683A CN 111359688 A CN111359688 A CN 111359688A
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
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- 238000002032 lab-on-a-chip Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
- B01L3/502784—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0454—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces radiation pressure, optical tweezers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-fluidic chip and a using method thereof, and the micro-fluidic chip comprises: the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged; a first substrate comprising: the electrochromic device comprises a first substrate, a plurality of electrochromic structures and a plurality of driving circuits, wherein the electrochromic structures and the driving circuits are positioned on one side of the first substrate, which faces a second substrate; a gap for accommodating liquid drops is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and the driving circuit is used for controlling the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop to transmit light in the detection stage so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop. Through setting up a plurality of electrochromic structures and drive circuit in first base plate, at the detection stage, drive circuit can control the electrochromic structure printing opacity of liquid drop position department to make outside exciting light pass electrochromic structure directive liquid drop, thereby drive the liquid drop and take place fluorescence excitation, realize the optical detection to the liquid drop of arbitrary position, improve optical detection's efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro detection, in particular to a micro-fluidic chip and a using method thereof.
Background
The lab-on-a-chip can integrate basic operation units of sample preparation, reaction, separation, detection and the like in the biological, chemical and medical analysis process on a micron-scale chip to automatically complete the whole analysis process, and has the advantages of low cost, short detection time, high sensitivity and the like, so that the lab-on-a-chip has great prospects in the fields of biological, chemical, medical reaction, separation and the like.
The micro-fluidic chip can automatically prepare and control a sample in a droplet form, and an optical detection mode can be adopted for detecting the sample, however, because the magnitude of an optical signal generated by the sample is directly related to the intensity and precision of excitation light, in order to improve the magnitude of a limited optical signal, a specific optical path needs to be designed at a specified detection site to improve the intensity of the excitation light, so that the complexity of the system is greatly increased, the number of detectable samples and the detection flexibility are limited, and the optical detection efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a micro-fluidic chip and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of low optical detection efficiency of the micro-fluidic chip in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a microfluidic chip, which comprises: the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged;
the first substrate includes: the electrochromic device comprises a first substrate, a plurality of electrochromic structures and a plurality of driving circuits, wherein the electrochromic structures and the driving circuits are positioned on one side of the first substrate, which faces to a second substrate;
a gap for accommodating liquid drops is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
the driving circuit is used for controlling the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop to transmit light in the detection stage, so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit includes: a plurality of switching transistors respectively corresponding to the electrochromic structures, and a plurality of first electrodes respectively corresponding to the electrochromic structures;
the switch transistor is insulated from the first electrode;
the electrochromic structures are electrically connected with the corresponding switching transistors and the first electrodes respectively.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the electrochromic structure includes: a second electrode, a third electrode located on a side of the second electrode facing the second substrate, an electrolyte layer located between the second electrode and the third electrode, an ion storage layer located between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, and an electrochromic layer located between the third electrode and the electrolyte layer;
the second electrode of the electrochromic structure is electrically connected with the output end of the corresponding switching transistor;
the third electrode of the electrochromic structure is electrically connected with the corresponding first electrode.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the electrochromic structures in the first substrate are distributed in an array;
the drive circuit is located in a gap between the electrochromic structures.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the second substrate includes: the photoelectric driving layer is positioned on one side, facing the first substrate, of the second substrate;
the driving circuit is used for controlling the electrochromic structure to transmit light according to a set sequence in a driving stage so that external driving light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the photoelectric driving layer, and the photoelectric driving layer generates an electric field to drive the liquid drops to move.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided by the embodiment of the invention, the size of the electrochromic structure is in a range from 10 μm to 50 μm.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the optoelectronic driving layer includes one or a combination of a lithium niobate-based material and a lithium tantalate-based material.
In a possible implementation manner, in the microfluidic chip provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the first substrate further includes: a first lyophobic layer on a side of the electrochromic structure and the driving circuit facing the second substrate;
the second substrate further includes: and the second lyophobic layer is positioned on one side, facing the first substrate, of the photoelectric driving layer.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a using method of the microfluidic chip, which comprises the following steps:
in the detection stage, an electric signal is applied to a driving circuit to control the light transmission of the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop, so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop.
In a possible implementation manner, in the method for using the microfluidic chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
in the driving stage, an electric signal is applied to the driving circuit to control the light transmission of the electrochromic structure according to a set sequence, so that external driving light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the photoelectric driving layer, and the photoelectric driving layer generates an electric field to drive the liquid drop to move.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a micro-fluidic chip and a using method thereof, wherein the micro-fluidic chip comprises: the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged; a first substrate comprising: the electrochromic device comprises a first substrate, a plurality of electrochromic structures and a plurality of driving circuits, wherein the electrochromic structures and the driving circuits are positioned on one side of the first substrate, which faces a second substrate; a gap for accommodating liquid drops is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and the driving circuit is used for controlling the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop to transmit light in the detection stage so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop. According to the micro-fluidic chip disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the plurality of electrochromic structures and the driving circuit are arranged in the first substrate, and in the detection stage, the driving circuit can control the light transmission of the electrochromic structures at the positions of the liquid drops, so that the external exciting light penetrates through the electrochromic structures to be emitted to the liquid drops, and the liquid drops are driven to generate fluorescence excitation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of one of the electrochromic structures and corresponding driving circuitry of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of electrochromic structures in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the distribution of electrochromic structures in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a third schematic view illustrating the distribution of electrochromic structures according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a fourth illustration of the distribution of electrochromic structures in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a third schematic structural diagram of a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of droplet movement;
fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a method for using the microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problem that the optical detection efficiency of a microfluidic chip is low in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the microfluidic chip and a using method thereof.
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of a microfluidic chip and a method for using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. The thicknesses and shapes of the various film layers in the drawings are not to be considered true proportions, but are merely intended to illustrate the present invention.
The microfluidic chip provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes: a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 disposed opposite to each other;
a first substrate 1 comprising: a first substrate 11, and a plurality of electrochromic structures 12 and a driving circuit 13 located on a side of the first substrate 11 facing the second substrate 2;
a gap for accommodating the liquid drop 3 is formed between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2;
and a driving circuit 13 for controlling the light transmission of the electrochromic structure 12 at the position of the droplet 3 in the detection phase so that the external excitation light S1 passes through the electrochromic structure 12 to be emitted to the droplet 3.
According to the micro-fluidic chip disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the plurality of electrochromic structures and the driving circuit are arranged in the first substrate, in the detection stage, the driving circuit can control the electrochromic structures at the positions of the liquid drops to transmit light, so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structures and is emitted to the liquid drops, and the liquid drops are driven to generate fluorescence excitation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microfluidic chip can be a digital microfluidic chip, so that the liquid drop can be controlled more accurately, the whole analysis process can be automatically completed, the detection sensitivity is improved, and the detection speed is improved.
In specific implementation, referring to fig. 1, after the liquid droplet 3 is placed in the gap between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and the liquid droplet 3 is subjected to pretreatment such as movement and fusion, the liquid droplet 3 is optically detected, and in practical applications, the liquid droplet 3 may be driven to perform pretreatment such as movement and fusion by using methods such as surface tension driving, thermal bubble driving, magnetic fluid driving, and the like.
Specifically, in order to provide a light source for optical detection, a light source may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 facing away from the second substrate 2, and the external excitation light S1 may be provided to the microfluidic chip through the light source, which may be a laser, for example, a laser emitter may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 facing away from the second substrate 2.
By providing a plurality of electrochromic structures and a driving circuit in the first substrate, the external excitation light S1 can be accurately extracted at the corresponding position, and the position and area size of the extracted light can be controlled by the driving circuit, so that optical detection at any position can be realized.
According to the position and the volume of the liquid droplet 3, determining the electrochromic structure 12 which needs to be set to be transparent, ensuring that the liquid droplet 3 can be completely irradiated by the external excitation light S1, then controlling the electrochromic structure 12 at the position of the liquid droplet 3 to be transparent by applying an electrical signal to the driving circuit 13, so that the external excitation light S1 penetrates through the electrochromic structure 12 to irradiate towards the liquid droplet 3, the liquid droplet 3 generates fluorescence under the excitation of the external excitation light S1, the color of the liquid droplet 3 after the fluorescence excitation changes correspondingly, an external signal acquisition component can be adopted, a fluorescence signal is extracted from the side of the second substrate 2, which is far away from the first substrate 1, so as to avoid the fluorescence signal being absorbed by the electrochromic structure 12 when the fluorescence signal is extracted from the side of the first substrate 1, which is far away from the second substrate 2, specifically, the external signal acquisition component can be an image acquisition device such as a camera, and can also, and are not limited herein.
Taking the structure shown in fig. 1 as an example, in order to ensure that the droplet 3 can be completely irradiated by the external excitation light S1, it is necessary to set the electrochromic structures 12 in the areas a1 and B1 to be transparent, and the electrochromic structures 12 in the remaining areas (e.g., the area C1) are opaque, so as to avoid the light in the remaining areas from interfering with the detection of the droplet 3. According to the wavelength of the exciting light needed by the liquid droplet 3, the wavelength of the external exciting light S1 is set to ensure that the external exciting light S1 can make the liquid droplet 3 fluoresce, and for example, the wavelength of the external exciting light S1 is 532nm, after the driving circuit 13 controls the electrochromic structures 12 at the region a1 and the region B1 to transmit light, the external exciting light S1 is emitted to the liquid droplet 3, the liquid droplet 3 is excited by the fluorescence and then the color changes correspondingly, as shown in fig. 2, and then the external signal collecting component is used to extract the fluorescence signal at the side of the second substrate 2 away from the first substrate 1, thereby realizing the optical detection of the liquid droplet 3.
In practical applications, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 21 may be light-transmitting substrates, such as glass substrates, so as to avoid affecting the optical detection effect.
Specifically, in the above microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the driving circuit 13 includes: a plurality of switching transistors TFT corresponding to the respective electrochromic structures 12, and a plurality of first electrodes 131 corresponding to the respective electrochromic structures 12;
the switching transistor TFT is provided insulated from the first electrode 131, and as shown in fig. 1, an insulating layer 132 may be provided between the switching transistor TFT and the first electrode 131;
the electrochromic structure 12 is electrically connected to the corresponding switching transistor TFT and the first electrode 131, respectively.
The electrochromic structure 12 has optical properties such as reflectivity, transmittance, and absorption rate, and can generate stable and reversible color change under the action of an electric field, and the color and transparency can be changed in an appearance, so that the light transmission and light non-transmission can be realized under the control of the electric field. In the embodiment of the present invention, by providing a plurality of switching transistors TFT and a plurality of first electrodes 131, a voltage may be applied to the electrochromic structures 12 to control the light transmittance of the electrochromic structures 12, and each of the electrochromic structures 12 is electrically connected to one of the switching transistors TFT, so that the light transmittance of each of the electrochromic structures 12 may be controlled separately.
More specifically, in the above microfluidic chip provided in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic partial enlarged view of an electrochromic structure and a corresponding driving circuit in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the electrochromic structure 12 includes: a second electrode 121, a third electrode 122 positioned on a side of the second electrode 121 facing the second substrate 2, an electrolyte layer 123 positioned between the second electrode 121 and the third electrode 122, an ion storage layer 124 positioned between the second electrode 121 and the electrolyte layer 123, and an electrochromic layer 125 positioned between the third electrode 122 and the electrolyte layer 123;
the second electrode 121 of the electrochromic structure 12 is electrically connected to the output terminal M of the corresponding switching transistor TFT;
the third electrode 122 of the electrochromic structure 12 is electrically connected to the corresponding first electrode 131.
The electrochromic layer 125 can generate electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of an external electric field, the color of the electrochromic layer 125 is changed by getting lost electrons, and after the external electric field is removed, the electrochromic layer can be restored to an initial transparent or light color state to allow light to permeate through, so that the light transmission of the electrochromic structure 12 can be controlled by applying the external electric field.
Specifically, in order to avoid affecting the light transmittance of the electrochromic structure 12, a transparent conductive material, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), may be used as the second electrode 121 and the third electrode 122. The ion storage layer 124 stores counter ions when the electrochromic layer 125 undergoes a redox reaction, thereby maintaining charge balance.
In a specific implementation, for convenience of control, the third electrode 122 may be grounded through the first electrode 131, and the voltage difference between the second electrode 121 and the third electrode 122 may be adjusted by changing the input voltage of the switching transistor TFT. Specifically, the first electrode 131 may be connected to a ground point on the first substrate 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the switching transistor TFT may include: the active layer K, the output end M and the input end N electrically connected with the active layer K, and the gate G, the switching transistor TFT is controlled to be turned on by applying a gate voltage to the gate G of the switching transistor TFT, the output end M and the input end N are conducted, and the source voltage is input to the input end N, and the switching transistor TFT is conducted with the second electrode 121, so that the second electrode 121 is applied with the source voltage, a certain voltage difference exists between the second electrode 121 and the third electrode 122, and thus the electrochromic layer 125 performs an oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of the voltage, and the color of the electrochromic layer 125 reacts, thereby changing the light transmittance of the electrochromic structure 12.
In specific implementation, in the microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the electrochromic structures 12 in the first substrate 1 are distributed in an array; areas a1, B1, C1, D1, etc., as in fig. 4, respectively, indicate where the electrochromic structure 12 is located;
the drive circuitry 13 is located in the gaps between the electrochromic structures 12.
The electrochromic structures 12 are arranged to be distributed in an array, the electrochromic structures 12 which need to be arranged to be light-transmitting are more easily determined in the liquid drop driving and detecting stage, the driving circuit 13 is arranged in the gap between the electrochromic structures 12, the driving circuit 13 can be prevented from shielding light, and therefore the light can be ensured to smoothly pass through the electrochromic structures 12.
In the first substrate 1, the light transmittance of each electrochromic structure 12 can be controlled by one switching transistor TFT, that is, the light transmittance of each region in fig. 4 is controlled by the corresponding switching transistor TFT, in the detection stage, the electrochromic structure 12 to be set to be light-transmitting needs to be determined according to the position and the volume of the liquid drop, so as to determine the switching transistor TFT to which an electrical signal needs to be applied, specifically, according to the position and the volume of the liquid drop, a gate voltage is applied to the gate of the corresponding switching transistor TFT, and a source voltage is input to the input terminal N of the switching transistor TFT, so that the corresponding electrochromic structure 12 transmits light, so that external excitation light is emitted to the liquid drop to excite the liquid drop to generate fluorescence, thereby realizing optical detection of the liquid drop.
In a specific detection process, it is required to ensure that the droplet can be completely irradiated by the external excitation light, as shown in fig. 5, when the droplet 3 is small and is only located within the range of one electrochromic structure 12, as in fig. 5, the droplet 3 is located in the region B3, and the detection of the droplet 3 can be realized by controlling the light transmission of the electrochromic structure 12 at the position of the region B3. As shown in fig. 6, when the droplet 3 is large, the light transmission of the electrochromic structures 12 can be simultaneously controlled to realize the optical detection of the droplet 3, as in fig. 6, the droplet 3 is located in the regions B2, B3, C2 and C3, and the light transmission of the electrochromic structures 12 corresponding to the regions B2, B3, C2 and C3 can be simultaneously controlled to completely irradiate the droplet 3 with the external excitation light. In addition, when the microfluidic chip has a plurality of droplets, the light transmission of the plurality of electrochromic structures can be simultaneously controlled, so as to realize the simultaneous detection of the plurality of droplets, for example, in fig. 7, the microfluidic chip has three droplets 3 which are respectively distributed in the regions C1, B3 and D3, and the light transmission of the electrochromic structures corresponding to the regions C1, B3 and D3 can be simultaneously controlled, so as to realize the simultaneous detection of the plurality of droplets.
The micro-fluidic chip in the embodiment of the invention can realize the detection of liquid drops with different volumes at any position, can realize the simultaneous detection of a plurality of liquid drops, enhances the flexibility of optical detection and improves the efficiency of optical detection.
Further, in the above microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the second substrate 2 may include: a second substrate 21, and a photoelectric driving layer 22 located on one side of the second substrate 21 facing the first substrate 1;
and the driving circuit 13 is used for controlling the light transmission of the electrochromic structure 12 in a set sequence in the driving stage, so that the external driving light S2 passes through the electrochromic structure 12 to be emitted to the photoelectric driving layer 22, and the photoelectric driving layer 22 generates an electric field to drive the liquid drop 3 to move.
In practical implementation, in order to provide the external driving light S2 during the movement of the driving liquid droplet 3, a light source may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 away from the second substrate 2, the light source may be a laser, for example, a laser emitter may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 away from the second substrate 2, it should be noted that, since the liquid droplet may be excited by fluorescence under the excitation of light with a specific wavelength range, in order to avoid the excitation of fluorescence during the movement of the driving liquid droplet, the wavelength of the external driving light S2 in the driving stage is different from that of the external excitation light S1 in the detecting stage.
The light transmittance of the electrochromic structure is controlled by the driving circuit, the driving light can be accurately taken out at the corresponding position, taking the structure shown in fig. 8 as an example, the electrochromic structure 12 in the area B1 is controlled to be transparent, the electrochromic structure 12 in the areas a1 and C1 is not transparent, so that the first substrate 1 only takes out light through the area B1, stray light interference is reduced, the external driving light S2 can penetrate through the electrochromic structure 12 to be emitted to the liquid drop 3 and penetrate through the liquid drop 3 to be emitted to the photoelectric driving layer 22, so that the photoelectric driving layer 22 generates an electric field at the position, the surface tension of the contact surface of the liquid drop 3 and the second substrate 2 is changed, and the liquid drop 3 is driven to move because the surface tension of the part of the liquid drop 3 irradiated by the external driving light S2 is different from the surface tension of the part not irradiated.
In the driving phase, the area needing light transmission can be determined by combining the moving direction of the liquid drop 3, for example, in fig. 8, the liquid drop 3 crosses the area a1 and the area B1, if the liquid drop 3 needs to be moved to the left, the electrochromic structure 12 in the area a1 is controlled to transmit light, and if the liquid drop 3 needs to be moved to the right, the electrochromic structure 12 in the area B1 is controlled to transmit light. The driving circuit 13 controls the light transmission of the electrochromic structure 12 according to a set sequence, for example, the light transmission of the electrochromic structure 12 can be controlled according to the sequence of the region B1 and the region C1, so that the liquid drop 3 can be driven to move to a corresponding position, the liquid drop driving at any position and different volumes can be realized, and the simultaneous driving of a plurality of liquid drops can be realized. In addition, the micro-fluidic chip in the embodiment of the invention can realize the transportation of liquid drops without manufacturing a micro pump, a micro valve, a micro channel, an electrode and the like and without an external power supply, and has lower manufacturing cost and use cost.
In addition, in the detection stage and the driving stage, the same driving circuit is adopted to control the light transmittance of the electrochromic structure, so that the structure of the microfluidic chip is simplified, the integration level of the microfluidic chip is improved, and the microfluidic chip tends to a complete lab-on-chip system.
The principle of droplet movement will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 9, where the right half of the droplet 3 is irradiated with the driving light in fig. 9 as an example, the surface energy of the right half of the droplet 3 is increased by the irradiation of the driving light, the surface tension on the left side is low, and the surface tension on the right side is high, so that hydrophilic regions (regions with high surface energy) and hydrophobic regions (regions with low surface energy) are formed on the surface of the second substrate on both sides of the droplet 3, and the contact angle between the droplet 3 and the surface of the second substrate is different, as shown in fig. 9, the contact angle a on the left side is larger than the contact angle b on the right side. Due to the unbalanced surface tension on the two sides of the edge of the liquid drop 3, the pressure difference on the two sides of the liquid drop 3 can drive the liquid drop to move from the hydrophobic area to the hydrophilic area, thereby realizing the control of the liquid drop movement.
In the embodiment of the invention, the smaller the size of the electrochromic structure is, the easier it is to make the droplet cross the area of at least two electrochromic structures, and thus the surface tension imbalance is more easily generated to drive the droplet to move, the size of the electrochromic structure may be set according to the size of the droplet to be driven, specifically, the size of the electrochromic structure may be smaller than the size of the droplet, and may also be equivalent to the size of the droplet, in the microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the invention, the size of the electrochromic structure may be in the range of 10 μm to 50 μm, for example, the shape of the electrochromic structure is a rectangle, the field edge of the electrochromic structure is in the range of 10 μm to 50 μm, and when the electrochromic structure is in other shapes, the maximum radial distance of the electrochromic structure may be in the range of 10 μm to 50 μm. Thus, the size of the electrochromic structure can be matched to the volume of the droplet, which is on the order of nanoliters (nL), and which is typically less than 100 microns in diameter.
In practical applications, in the microfluidic chip provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric driving layer may include one or a combination of a lithium niobate material and a lithium tantalate material, or may be another material capable of generating an electric field under irradiation of a driving light source, which is not limited herein.
The principle of the movement of the optically driven droplets will be described in detail below, taking as an example the case where the optically driven layer is a C-cut lithium niobate crystal thin film.
When the driving light source irradiates the photoelectric driving layer, impurities in the crystal material of the photoelectric driving layer are ionized to generate optical excitation carriers, the optical excitation carriers move (migrate and diffuse) under the action of a driving field (photovoltaic and diffusion electric field), the migrated optical excitation carriers are subjected to the cycle of excitation-migration-capture-excitation processes in the crystal and finally reach a dark region to be captured, the space separation of positive and negative charges is caused, and a corresponding photorefractive space charge field is finally established in the crystal, wherein the electric field distribution of the photorefractive space charge field is directly determined by a laser spot.
When a driving light source illuminates the optoelectronic driving layer, the photovoltaic current in the crystal can be described by:
Jpv＝GαI(x,y)；
where G is a grasses constant (G ═ 3.3pAcm/mW), α is an absorption coefficient, I (x, y) is a light intensity distribution of the driving light source, which may be a gaussian distribution.
ρs＝δtJpv＝δtGαI(x,y)＝δtGαI0Exp[-2(x2+y2)/ω2]；
Where δ t is the charge accumulation time, I0The maximum value of the light intensity, ω, is the beam waist radius of the focused laser. Density of charge rho in an electric fieldsWhen determining, the electric potential V at any position in the electric field and the electric field strength E can be related by the following formula:
then, according to the Young's equation (namely the wetting equation), the change formula of the contact angle of the liquid drop can be obtained:
wherein, theta0Denotes the initial hydrophobic angle of the droplet, εrDenotes the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, d denotes the thickness of the dielectric layer, Δ V denotes the potential difference across the dielectric layer, γLGRepresenting the surface tension coefficient of the droplet with the surrounding medium.
The driving force of the droplets can be described by the following formula:
ΔP≈γLG[(cosθ2-cosθ1)/H]；
wherein, theta2Denotes the contact angle, theta, of the drop when illuminated1Indicates the contact angle where the drop was not illuminated and H indicates the drop height. The wavelength of the external driving light can be 532nm, 405nm and the like, the power of the external driving light is 1-1000mW, and the specific value of the external driving light is determined by the materials and the properties of the electrochromic structure and the photoelectric driving layer.
In specific implementation, in the above microfluidic chip provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the first substrate 1 may further include: a first lyophobic layer 14 on a side of the electrochromic structure 12 and the driving circuit 13 facing the second substrate 2;
the second substrate 2 may further include: and a second lyophobic layer 23 on a side of the photoelectric driving layer 22 facing the first substrate 1.
That is, the first lyophobic layer 14 is provided on the surface of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2, and the second lyophobic layer 23 is provided on the surface of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1, so that the droplet 3 interposed between the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 2 is more easily driven.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a using method of the microfluidic chip, and as the principle of solving the problems of the using method is similar to that of the microfluidic chip, the implementation of the using method can be referred to that of the microfluidic chip, and repeated parts are not described again.
The application method of the microfluidic chip provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
in the detection stage, an electric signal is applied to a driving circuit to control the light transmission of the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop, so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop.
In the using method of the micro-fluidic chip, in the detection stage, the electric signal is applied to the driving circuit, the light transmission of the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop can be controlled, so that the external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop, the liquid drop is driven to generate fluorescence excitation, the micro-fluidic chip can accurately take out the external exciting light at the corresponding position, the optical detection of the liquid drop at any position is realized, and the optical detection efficiency is improved.
Specifically, a gate voltage may be applied to the gate of the switching transistor TFT, and a source voltage may be applied to the input terminal N of the switching transistor TFT, so as to change the light transmittance of the electrochromic structure 12 corresponding to the switching transistor TFT.
In specific implementation, the application method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include:
in the driving stage, an electric signal is applied to a driving circuit to control the light transmission of the electrochromic structure according to a set sequence, so that external driving light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the photoelectric driving layer, and the photoelectric driving layer generates an electric field to drive the liquid drops to move.
By controlling the light transmission of the electrochromic structure according to a set sequence, external driving light can penetrate through the electrochromic structure to be emitted to the liquid drop and penetrate through the liquid drop to be emitted to the photoelectric driving layer, so that the photoelectric driving layer generates an electric field at the position, the surface tension of the contact surface of the liquid drop and the second substrate is changed, and the liquid drop is driven to move due to the fact that the surface tension of the part of the liquid drop irradiated by the external driving light is different from that of the part of the liquid drop not irradiated.
The method of using the microfluidic chip in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 10. As shown in fig. 10, the following steps are adopted to enable the above microfluidic chip to realize the driving and detecting process of the liquid drop:
1. placing the liquid drops between a first substrate and a second substrate, and controlling each electrochromic structure to take light to control the liquid drops to move through a driving circuit on the first substrate;
2. pretreating liquid drops in the microfluidic chip;
3. controlling the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop to be transparent according to the position and the volume of the liquid drop, and controlling the rest electrochromic structures to be opaque;
4. after the optical detection is completed, the droplet is moved to the waste zone and then ready for the next detection.
The micro-fluidic chip and the use method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the plurality of electrochromic structures and the driving circuit are arranged in the first substrate, the driving circuit can control the electrochromic structures at the positions of the liquid drops to transmit light in the detection stage, so that the external exciting light penetrates through the electrochromic structures to be emitted to the liquid drops, the liquid drops are driven to generate fluorescence excitation, the micro-fluidic chip can accurately take out the external exciting light at the corresponding positions, the optical detection of the liquid drops at any positions is realized, the optical detection efficiency is improved, in addition, the photoelectric driving layer is arranged in the second substrate, the electric signals are applied to the driving circuit in the detection stage, the electrochromic structures at the positions of the liquid drops are controlled to transmit light, the external exciting light penetrates through the electrochromic structures to be emitted to the liquid drops, the liquid drops are driven to generate the fluorescence excitation, the micro-fluidic chip can accurately take out the external exciting light, the optical detection of the liquid drop at any position is realized, and the optical detection efficiency is improved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A microfluidic chip, comprising: the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged;
the first substrate includes: the electrochromic device comprises a first substrate, a plurality of electrochromic structures and a plurality of driving circuits, wherein the electrochromic structures and the driving circuits are positioned on one side of the first substrate, which faces to a second substrate;
a gap for accommodating liquid drops is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
the driving circuit is used for controlling the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop to transmit light in the detection stage, so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop.
2. The microfluidic chip of claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a plurality of switching transistors respectively corresponding to the electrochromic structures, and a plurality of first electrodes respectively corresponding to the electrochromic structures;
the switch transistor is insulated from the first electrode;
the electrochromic structures are electrically connected with the corresponding switching transistors and the first electrodes respectively.
3. The microfluidic chip of claim 2, wherein the electrochromic structure comprises: a second electrode, a third electrode located on a side of the second electrode facing the second substrate, an electrolyte layer located between the second electrode and the third electrode, an ion storage layer located between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, and an electrochromic layer located between the third electrode and the electrolyte layer;
the second electrode of the electrochromic structure is electrically connected with the output end of the corresponding switching transistor;
the third electrode of the electrochromic structure is electrically connected with the corresponding first electrode.
4. The microfluidic chip according to claim 1, wherein the electrochromic structures in the first substrate are distributed in an array;
the drive circuit is located in a gap between the electrochromic structures.
5. The microfluidic chip according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second substrate comprises: the photoelectric driving layer is positioned on one side, facing the first substrate, of the second substrate;
the driving circuit is used for controlling the electrochromic structure to transmit light according to a set sequence in a driving stage so that external driving light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the photoelectric driving layer, and the photoelectric driving layer generates an electric field to drive the liquid drops to move.
6. The microfluidic chip according to claim 5, wherein the electrochromic structure has a size in the range of 10 μm to 50 μm.
7. The microfluidic chip according to claim 5, wherein the electro-optically driven layer comprises one or a combination of lithium niobate-based materials and lithium tantalate-based materials.
8. The microfluidic chip of claim 5, wherein the first substrate further comprises: a first lyophobic layer on a side of the electrochromic structure and the driving circuit facing the second substrate;
the second substrate further includes: and the second lyophobic layer is positioned on one side, facing the first substrate, of the photoelectric driving layer.
9. The use method of the microfluidic chip according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
in the detection stage, an electric signal is applied to a driving circuit to control the light transmission of the electrochromic structure at the position of the liquid drop, so that external exciting light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the liquid drop.
10. The method of use of claim 9, further comprising:
in the driving stage, an electric signal is applied to the driving circuit to control the light transmission of the electrochromic structure according to a set sequence, so that external driving light passes through the electrochromic structure and is emitted to the photoelectric driving layer, and the photoelectric driving layer generates an electric field to drive the liquid drop to move.
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