CN111349865A - Aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel and a preparation method and application thereof. The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.8% of C, 8-11% of Al, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 25-33% of Mn, 0.3-0.9% of Cr, 0.1-0.9% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel, and the embodiment results show that the density of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention is reduced by 12.96-19.01% compared with that of GCr15 steel, the yield strength is improved by 83.29-144.27%, and the tensile strength is improved by 18.47-62.71%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of industry, the ecological environment is worsened, and taking the automobile industry as an example, with the continuous growth of the automobile industry, automobile exhaust becomes a non-negligible pollution source. In order to reduce the emission of automobile exhaust and reduce the pollution to the environment, on one hand, the traditional gasoline power source mode is replaced by an electric mode; on the other hand, the density of the automobile material is reduced on the premise of keeping the integral structure of the automobile unchanged, so that the self weight of the automobile is reduced, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized. However, in order to ensure the collision safety of the automobile, the strength of the automobile material needs to be ensured while the density of the automobile material is reduced. How to obtain alloy steel materials with low density and high strength is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention provides aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.8% of C, 8-11% of Al, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 25-33% of Mn, 0.3-0.9% of Cr, 0.1-0.9% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: 0.9-1.4% of C, 9-10% of Al, 0.3-0.4% of Si, 27-30% of Mn, 0.6-0.8% of Cr, 0.4-0.7% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
1) smelting a raw material containing aluminum high-strength low-density steel to obtain an alloy ingot;
2) carrying out hot forging treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy forging material;
3) carrying out water toughening treatment on the alloy forging material to obtain a water-toughened alloy forging material;
4) sequentially carrying out hot rolling treatment and solid solution treatment on the water-tough alloy forging stock to obtain an alloy plate blank;
5) performing cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank;
6) and carrying out aging treatment on the cold-rolled alloy plate blank to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot forging treatment is 1050-1100 ℃ and the time is 20-30 min.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot rolling treatment is 1000-1120 ℃, the hot rolling treatment is multi-pass rolling deformation, and the total deformation amount of the hot rolling treatment is 60-65%.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution treatment is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 120-180 min.
Preferably, the cold rolling treatment is multi-pass rolling deformation, and the total deformation amount of the cold rolling treatment is 48-60%.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 350-450 ℃, and the time is 6-12 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the water toughening treatment is 1050-1100 ℃, and the time is 25-30 min.
The invention also provides application of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel in the technical scheme or the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme in preparation of automobiles.
The invention provides aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.8% of C, 8-11% of Al, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 25-33% of Mn, 0.3-0.9% of Cr, 0.1-0.9% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The aluminum has lower density, the invention adds a large amount of Al element in the alloy steel to reduce the density of the alloy steel, and the material density is reduced by 0.101g/cm for every 1 percent of Al element3(ii) a Mn is an austenite stabilizing element, and the stable austenite structure can be obtained by adding the Mn element, so that the plasticity of the alloy steel is ensured; the C element is used as an austenite stabilizing element and can also play a role in stabilizing an austenite structure, so that the plasticity of the alloy steel is improved; in addition, the density of the material is reduced by 0.41g/cm per 1 percent of C element3(ii) a The invention reduces the density of the alloy steel under the combined action of the Al, Mn and C with specific contents, and simultaneously avoids the reduction of the plasticity of the alloy steel. According to the invention, vanadium is added into the alloy steel, the grain size can be obviously reduced, and the mechanical property of the alloy steel is further improved, because vanadium and carbon have strong affinity, the formed carbide is distributed on the surface of the grain, and plays a pinning role at the grain boundary, so that the growth of the grain is prevented, and the effect of refining the alloy steel grain is achieved, and the strength of the alloy steel is further improved. In conclusion, the alloy steel material provided by the invention has the advantages of reduced density and improved strength. The embodiment results show that the density of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention is reduced by 12.96-19.01% compared with GCr15 steel, the yield strength is improved by 83.29-144.27%, and the tensile strength is improved by 18.47-62.71%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel, which comprises the following steps: smelting a raw material containing aluminum high-strength low-density steel to obtain an alloy ingot; carrying out hot forging treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy forging material; carrying out water toughening treatment on the alloy forging material to obtain a water-toughened alloy forging material; sequentially carrying out hot rolling treatment and solid solution treatment on the water-tough alloy forging stock to obtain an alloy plate blank; performing cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank; and carrying out aging treatment on the cold-rolled alloy plate blank to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel. In the invention, a large amount of dislocation tangles are formed inside alloy steel crystal grains by cold rolling treatment, so that the tensile strength of the alloy steel is improved; the preparation method of the invention has simple steps and easy operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of dimensions of a tensile specimen, wherein the dimensions are in mm;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic optical micrograph of aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention; wherein a is a metallographic optical micrograph of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained in example 1, b is a metallographic optical micrograph of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained in example 2, c is a metallographic optical micrograph of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained in example 3, and d is a metallographic optical micrograph of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained in example 4;
figure 3 is a metallographic optical micrograph of comparative material GCr15 steel.
Detailed Description
The invention provides aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.8% of C, 8-11% of Al, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 25-33% of Mn, 0.3-0.9% of Cr, 0.1-0.9% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises 0.5-1.8% of C by mass percent, and preferably 0.9-1.4%. In the invention, C plays a role in stabilizing an austenite structure, the plasticity of the alloy steel can be improved, simultaneously, carbon and Fe form a solid solution, the carbon is dissolved in crystal lattices in a solid solution mode, the lattice constant is increased, the quality of the alloy steel is not changed, and the density of the alloy steel is reduced, wherein the density of the material is reduced by 0.41g/cm when 1% of C element is added3。
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises 8-11% of Al by mass percent, and preferably 9-10% of Al by mass percent. According to the invention, a large amount of Al element is added into the alloy steel, so that the density of the alloy steel is reduced, and the material density is reduced by 0.101g/cm when 1% of Al is added3。
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises 0.2-0.5% of Si by mass percentage, and preferably 0.3-0.4%. In the invention, the Si generates replacement solid solution strengthening in steel, causes spherical symmetric distortion of iron, generates elastic interaction with edge dislocation to stop dislocation movement, and can obviously improve the tensile strength of steel.
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises 25-33% of Mn by mass percentage, and preferably 27-30%. According to the invention, Mn is added into the alloy steel to promote the austenite structure, and the microstructure is optimized, so that the plasticity of the steel is improved.
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises 0.3-0.9% of Cr by mass percentage, and preferably 0.6-0.8%.
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises 0.1-0.9% of V, preferably 0.4-0.7% of V in percentage by mass. The added V element has strong affinity with carbon in the alloy steel, vanadium carbide is formed and distributed on the surface of crystal grains, and the V element plays a role in pinning at a crystal boundary to prevent the crystal grains from growing, so that the crystal grains are refined, and the mechanical property of the alloy steel is improved.
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention comprises the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements in percentage by mass. In the present invention, the impurities include S and P, and the content of S is preferably not more than 0.005%, and the content of P is preferably not more than 0.015%.
The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel is obtained under the combined action of all elements, and the density of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel is 6.56-7.05 g/cm3The yield strength is 950.22-1266.33 MPa, and the tensile strength is 1020.35-1401.38 MPa.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength low-density steel, which comprises the following steps:
1) smelting a raw material containing aluminum high-strength low-density steel to obtain an alloy ingot;
2) carrying out hot forging treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy forging material;
3) carrying out water toughening treatment on the alloy forging material to obtain a water-toughened alloy forging material;
4) sequentially carrying out hot rolling treatment and solid solution treatment on the water-tough alloy forging stock to obtain an alloy plate blank;
5) performing cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank;
6) and carrying out aging treatment on the cold-rolled alloy plate blank to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
The invention smelts the raw material containing the aluminum high-strength low-density steel to obtain the alloy cast ingot. In the embodiment of the invention, the raw materials of the high-strength low-density steel are preferably carbon, aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium and iron, wherein the aluminum is preferably an aluminum rod with the diameter of 25mm, the iron is preferably an iron rod with the diameter of 25mm, and other raw materials are all blocky.
According to the invention, the raw materials are preferably cleaned before smelting, the cleaning preferably comprises acetone washing and alcohol washing which are sequentially carried out, and the acetone washing and the alcohol washing are preferably carried out in an ultrasonic cleaning mode; the acetone washing can remove oil contamination impurities on the surface of the raw material, the alcohol washing can remove residual acetone solution on the surface of the raw material, and the dried raw material is obtained by alcohol volatilization; in the present invention, the alcohol is preferably industrial alcohol.
In the invention, the smelting is preferably carried out in a vacuum induction furnace, the magnesia crucible in the vacuum induction smelting furnace is preferably cleaned before the smelting, and the invention has no special requirement on the cleaning mode as long as the residue in the magnesia crucible can be cleaned. In the present invention, the smelting preferably comprises the steps of:
putting Al, Mn, Fe and Si in the raw materials into a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and putting V, Cr and C in the raw materials into a secondary hopper of the vacuum induction furnace;
vacuumizing the vacuum induction furnace until the vacuum degree is 0.009-0.02 MPaMPa, and then filling protective gas into the vacuum induction furnace until the vacuum degree is 0.03-0.06 MPa; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 5kW, and heating for 5-10 min;
setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 10kW, and heating for 5-10 min;
setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to be 20kW, heating for 10-15 min, and pouring the raw materials in the secondary charging hopper into a magnesia crucible;
setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 40kW, and heating for 20-30 min to obtain molten steel.
In the present invention, the protective gas is preferably high-purity argon gas, and the purity of the high-purity argon gas is preferably 99.9%. In the invention, in the heating process of the vacuum induction furnace, the molten metal can be stirred along one direction, so that all components in the molten steel are more uniform.
After the molten steel is obtained, the molten steel is preferably poured into a mold and naturally cooled to room temperature, so that the alloy ingot is obtained.
After the alloy ingot is obtained by smelting, the alloy ingot is subjected to hot forging treatment to obtain the alloy forging material. In the invention, the hot forging treatment is preferably carried out in a muffle furnace, the invention has no special requirements on the type and the source of the muffle furnace, and in the embodiment of the invention, the muffle furnace is a muffle furnace with the type of KL-13 produced by Kai constant electro-thermal technology Limited of Tianjin. In the invention, the temperature of the hot forging treatment is preferably 1050-1100 ℃, more preferably 1060-1080 ℃, the time of the hot forging treatment is preferably 20-30 min, more preferably 23-25 min, and the heating rate of heating to the temperature required by the hot forging treatment is preferably 5-10 ℃/min.
In the present invention, the hot forging treatment is preferably performed by using a 150Kg hammer, and the number of times of the hot forging treatment is preferably 5 to 6, and may be specifically 5 or 6. The invention has no special requirements on the shape of the alloy forging material, and in the embodiment of the invention, the alloy forging material is a round bar with the diameter of 60 mm.
After the alloy forging material is obtained, the invention carries out water toughening treatment on the alloy forging material to obtain the water-toughened alloy forging material. In the invention, the temperature of the water toughening treatment is 1050-1100 ℃, more preferably 1070-1090 ℃, and the time is preferably 25-30 min, more preferably 26-28 min. The specific operation of the water toughening treatment is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can carry out the water toughening treatment according to the conventional operation, in the embodiment of the invention, the specific step of the water toughening treatment is preferably to heat the alloy forging material to 1050-1100 ℃, keep the temperature for 25-30 min, and then quench the alloy forging material in water, and the quenching water is preferably normal temperature water.
After the water-tough alloy forging stock is obtained, the water-tough alloy forging stock is subjected to hot rolling treatment and solution treatment in sequence to obtain an alloy plate blank. In the invention, the water-tough alloy forging is preferably cut into steel blocks of 50 (length) × 30 (width) × 20 (thickness) mm before hot rolling treatment; the temperature of the hot rolling treatment is preferably 1000-1120 ℃, and more preferably 1050-1070 ℃; the heating rate of heating to the temperature required by hot rolling treatment is preferably 10-20 ℃/min; after heating to the temperature required by the hot rolling treatment, the alloy ingot is preferably subjected to heat preservation treatment at the temperature of the hot rolling treatment so as to make the temperature of each part of the alloy ingot uniform, and the time of the heat preservation treatment is preferably 2 hours. In the invention, the heating and temperature rise are preferably carried out in a muffle furnace, the source and the model of the muffle furnace are not particularly limited, and the muffle furnace known by the person skilled in the art can be adopted; in the embodiment of the invention, the muffle furnace is preferably a muffle furnace with a model number of KL-13, which is manufactured by Kai constant electro-thermal technology of Tianjin. According to the invention, the alloy ingot after heat preservation treatment is preferably taken out quickly for hot rolling treatment, so that the temperature drop of the sample after the sample is separated from the muffle furnace is avoided, and in the invention, the temperature drop is preferably 10-20 ℃, and more preferably 12-18 ℃.
In the invention, the hot rolling treatment is preferably multi-pass rolling deformation, and the pass reduction in the multi-pass rolling deformation process is preferably 1-3 mm, more preferably 1.6-2.0 mm, and most preferably 1.771-1.86 mm; after each pass of rolling, the invention preferably re-places it in the muffle furnace to heat to the hot rolling treatment temperature, and keeps the temperature for 10 minutes. In the present invention, the total deformation amount of the hot rolling treatment is preferably 60 to 65%, and more preferably 62 to 64%. In the present invention, the multi-pass rolling deformation is preferably performed on a double-roller mill, and the source and the type of the double-roller mill are not particularly limited in the present invention, and a double-roller mill known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the invention, the number of times of the multi-pass rolling deformation is preferably 6 to 8, and may be 6, 7 or 8.
In the invention, after the last rolling, the hot rolling treatment product is subjected to solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 1000-1100 ℃, more preferably 1020-1050 ℃, and the time is preferably 120-180 min, more preferably 135-150 min. After the solution treatment, the product of the solution treatment is preferably subjected to water quenching; the temperature of the water for water quenching is preferably room temperature.
After the alloy plate blank is obtained, the cold rolling treatment is carried out on the alloy plate blank to obtain the cold-rolled alloy plate blank. In the present invention, the cold rolling treatment is preferably performed at room temperature, and the present invention has no particular requirement on the equipment for the cold rolling treatment, and a cold rolling mill well known to those skilled in the art may be used, and a twin rolling mill is used in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the invention, the cold rolling treatment is preferably multi-pass and multi-pass rolling deformation, and the pass reduction in the multi-pass rolling deformation process is preferably 0.07-0.09 mm, and more preferably 0.082-0.089 mm; in the present invention, the total deformation amount of the cold rolling treatment is preferably 48 to 60%, and more preferably 50 to 57%. In the present invention, the multi-pass rolling deformation is preferably performed on a double-roller mill, the source and type of the double-roller mill are not particularly limited, and a double-roller mill known to those skilled in the art may be used, and the number of the multi-pass rolling deformation is preferably 40 to 80, more preferably 41 to 47, and most preferably 44 to 46.
In the invention, the cold rolling treatment generates a large amount of dislocation tangle in the cold-rolled alloy plate blank, and the large amount of dislocation prevents the slip from proceeding, thereby improving the tensile strength of the cold-rolled alloy plate blank.
After the cold-rolled alloy plate blank is obtained, the cold-rolled alloy plate blank is subjected to aging treatment to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel. In the invention, the aging treatment is preferably carried out in a muffle furnace, the invention has no special requirements on the type and the source of the muffle furnace, and in the embodiment of the invention, the muffle furnace is a muffle furnace with the type of KL-13 produced by Kai constant electro-thermal technology Limited of Tianjin. In the invention, the temperature of the aging treatment is preferably 350-450 ℃, and more preferably 370-430 ℃; the time of the aging treatment is preferably 6-12 h, and more preferably 8-10 h; the heating rate of heating to the temperature required by the aging treatment is preferably 5-10 ℃/min.
The invention also provides application of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel in the technical scheme or the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme in preparation of automobiles. The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention can be used for preparing automobile bodies in automobiles.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the aluminum-containing high strength low density steel provided by the present invention, the preparation method and the application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
According to the mass percentage, 0.5 percent of carbon, 25 percent of manganese, 8 percent of aluminum rod with the diameter of 25mm, 0.2 percent of silicon, 0.3 percent of chromium, 0.1 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron rod with the diameter of 25mm are taken.
After the raw materials are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning treatment in acetone and alcohol in sequence, putting aluminum, manganese, iron and silicon in the raw materials into a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and putting vanadium, chromium and carbon in the raw materials into a secondary hopper of the vacuum induction furnace; vacuumizing the vacuum induction furnace to the vacuum degree of 0.02MPa, and then filling high-purity argon into the vacuum induction furnace to the vacuum degree of 0.03 MPa; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 5kW, and heating for 6 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 10kW, and heating for 6 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to be 20kW, heating for 12min, and pouring the raw materials in the secondary charging hopper into a magnesia crucible; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 40kW, heating for 25min to obtain molten steel, and then pouring the molten steel into a mold to naturally cool to room temperature to obtain an alloy ingot;
placing the alloy cast ingot in a muffle furnace, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20min, forging by using a 150kg forging hammer, and forging for 5 times to obtain a round bar with the diameter of 60 mm;
and (3) placing the round bar with the diameter of 60mm in a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for heat preservation for 25min, and then cooling to room temperature by water to obtain the water-tough alloy forging material.
Cutting the water-tough alloy forging stock into steel blocks with the thickness of 50 (length) × 30 (width) × 20 (thickness), then putting the steel blocks into a muffle furnace, heating to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and then quickly taking out the material for first hot rolling; and after the first rolling is finished, putting the product subjected to the first rolling into a muffle furnace, reheating to 1050 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, performing second hot rolling, and repeating the operation for 6 times to obtain a hot rolling treatment product with the thickness of 8mm, wherein the pass reduction is 2.0mm, and the total deformation of the hot rolling treatment is 60%. And after the final pass rolling, carrying out solid solution treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 120min at the temperature of 1000 ℃, then carrying out water quenching, and taking out after cooling to normal temperature to obtain the alloy plate blank.
And (3) carrying out cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank on a double-roller mill for 44 times to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank with the thickness of 4mm, wherein the total deformation of the cold rolling treatment is 50%, and the pass reduction is 0.09 mm.
And (3) putting the cold-rolled alloy plate blank into a muffle furnace, heating to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 6h to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
Example 2
According to the mass percentage, 0.9 percent of carbon, 27 percent of manganese, 9 percent of aluminum rod with the diameter of 25mm, 0.3 percent of silicon, 0.6 percent of chromium, 0.4 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron rod with the diameter of 25mm are taken.
After the raw materials are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning treatment in acetone and alcohol in sequence, putting aluminum, manganese, iron and silicon in the raw materials into a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and putting vanadium, chromium and carbon in the raw materials into a secondary hopper of the vacuum induction furnace; vacuumizing the vacuum induction furnace to the vacuum degree of 0.02MPa, and then filling high-purity argon into the vacuum induction furnace to the vacuum degree of 0.04 MPa; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 5kW, and heating for 7 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 10kW, and heating for 7 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to be 20kW, heating for 13min, and pouring the raw materials in the secondary charging hopper into a magnesia crucible; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 40kW, heating for 27min to obtain molten steel, and then pouring the molten steel into a mold to naturally cool to room temperature to obtain an alloy ingot;
placing the alloy cast ingot in a muffle furnace, heating to 1060 ℃ according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 23min, forging by adopting a 150kg forging hammer, and forging for 5 times to obtain a round bar with the diameter of 60 mm;
and (3) placing the round bar with the diameter of 60mm in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 1070 ℃ for heat preservation for 26min, and then cooling to room temperature by water to obtain the water-tough alloy forging material.
Cutting the water-tough alloy forging stock into steel blocks with the thickness of 50 (length) × 30 (width) × 20 (thickness), then putting the steel blocks into a muffle furnace, heating to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and then quickly taking out the material for first hot rolling; and after the first rolling is finished, putting the product subjected to the first rolling into a muffle furnace, reheating to 1050 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, performing second hot rolling, and repeating the operation for 7 times to obtain a hot rolling treatment product with the thickness of 7.6mm, wherein the pass reduction is 1.771mm, and the total deformation of the hot rolling treatment is 62%. And after the final pass rolling, carrying out solution treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 135min at the temperature of 1020 ℃, then carrying out water quenching, and taking out after cooling to normal temperature to obtain the alloy plate blank.
And (3) carrying out cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank on a double-roller mill for 41 times to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank with the thickness of 3.95mm, wherein the total deformation of the cold rolling treatment is 48%, and the pass reduction is 0.09 mm.
And (3) putting the cold-rolled alloy plate blank into a muffle furnace, heating to 370 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 8h to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
Example 3
According to the mass percentage, 1.14 percent of carbon, 30 percent of manganese, 10 percent of aluminum rod with the diameter of 25mm, 0.4 percent of silicon, 0.8 percent of chromium, 0.7 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron rod with the diameter of 25mm are taken.
After the raw materials are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning treatment in acetone and alcohol in sequence, putting aluminum, manganese, iron and silicon in the raw materials into a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and putting vanadium, chromium and carbon in the raw materials into a secondary hopper of the vacuum induction furnace; vacuumizing the vacuum induction furnace until the vacuum degree is 0.009MPa, and then filling high-purity argon into the vacuum induction furnace until the vacuum degree is 0.06 MPa; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 5kW, and heating for 8 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 10kW, and heating for 8 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to be 20kW, heating for 14min, and pouring the raw materials in the secondary charging hopper into a magnesia crucible; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 40kW, heating for 29min to obtain molten steel, and then pouring the molten steel into a mold to naturally cool to room temperature to obtain an alloy ingot;
placing the alloy cast ingot in a muffle furnace, heating to 1080 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 25min, forging by using a 150kg forging hammer, and forging for 5 times to obtain a round bar with the diameter of 60 mm;
and (3) placing the round bar with the diameter of 60mm in a muffle furnace at 1090 ℃ for heat preservation for 28min, and then cooling to room temperature by water to obtain the water-tough alloy forging material.
Cutting the water-tough alloy forging stock into steel blocks with the thickness of 50 (length) × 30 (width) × 20 (thickness), then putting the steel blocks into a muffle furnace, heating to 1070 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and then quickly taking out the material for first hot rolling; and after the first rolling is finished, putting the product subjected to the first rolling into a muffle furnace, reheating to 1070 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, carrying out second hot rolling, and repeating the operation for 8 times to obtain a hot rolling treatment product with the thickness of 7.2mm, wherein the pass reduction is 1.6mm, and the total deformation of the hot rolling treatment is 64%. And after the final pass rolling, carrying out solid solution treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 150min at 1050 ℃, then carrying out water quenching, and taking out after cooling to normal temperature to obtain the alloy plate blank.
And (3) carrying out cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank on a double-roller mill for 46 times to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank with the thickness of 3.1mm, wherein the total deformation of the cold rolling treatment is 56.9%, and the pass reduction is 0.089 mm.
And (3) putting the cold-rolled alloy plate blank into a muffle furnace, heating to 430 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 10h to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
Example 4
According to the mass percentage, 1.8 percent of carbon, 33 percent of manganese, 11 percent of aluminum rod with the diameter of 25mm, 0.5 percent of silicon, 0.9 percent of chromium, 0.9 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron rod with the diameter of 25mm are taken.
After the raw materials are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning treatment in acetone and alcohol in sequence, putting aluminum, manganese, iron and silicon in the raw materials into a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and putting vanadium, chromium and carbon in the raw materials into a secondary hopper of the vacuum induction furnace; vacuumizing the vacuum induction furnace to the vacuum degree of 0.0095MPa, and then filling high-purity argon into the vacuum induction furnace to the vacuum degree of 0.06 MPa; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 5kW, and heating for 10 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 10kW, and heating for 10 min; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to be 20kW, heating for 15min, and pouring the raw materials in the secondary charging hopper into a magnesia crucible; setting the power of the vacuum induction furnace to 40kW, heating for 30min to obtain molten steel, and then pouring the molten steel into a mold to naturally cool to room temperature to obtain an alloy ingot;
placing the alloy cast ingot in a muffle furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, forging by adopting a 150kg forging hammer, and forging for 6 times to obtain a round bar with the diameter of 60 mm;
and (3) placing the round bar with the diameter of 60mm in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 1100 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min, and then cooling the round bar to room temperature by water to obtain the water-tough alloy forging material.
Cutting the water-tough alloy forging stock into steel blocks with the thickness of 50 (length) × 30 (width) × 20 (thickness), then putting the steel blocks into a muffle furnace, heating to 1120 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and then quickly taking out the material for first hot rolling; and after the first rolling is finished, putting the product subjected to the first rolling into a muffle furnace, reheating to 1120 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, performing second hot rolling, and repeating the operation for 7 times to obtain a hot rolling treatment product with the thickness of 7mm, wherein the pass reduction is 1.86mm, and the total deformation of the hot rolling treatment is 65%. And after the final pass rolling, carrying out solid solution treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 180min at the temperature of 1100 ℃, then carrying out water quenching, and taking out after cooling to normal temperature to obtain the alloy plate blank.
And (3) carrying out cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank on a double-roller mill for 47 times to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank with the thickness of 2.8mm, wherein the total deformation of the cold rolling treatment is 60%, and the pass reduction is 0.089 mm.
And (3) putting the cold-rolled alloy plate blank into a muffle furnace, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 12h to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
Three tensile specimens as shown in fig. 1 were cut out of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steels and the GCr15 steel of examples 1 to 4 by wire cutting, subjected to uniaxial tensile test in an Instron5982 universal material testing machine according to GBT228-2002, and averaged, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Three rectangular parallelepipeds of 10 × 2mm were cut out by wire cutting at different positions on the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steels of examples 1 to 4 and the GCr15 steel as a comparative material, and the densities thereof were measured by archimedes' principle, and the average values thereof were obtained, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of the performance tests of the high-strength low-density steels containing aluminum and the comparative materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention
The results in Table 1 show that the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention has lower density, and the density is reduced by 12.96-19.01% compared with that of a comparison material GCr 15; the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel provided by the invention has higher mechanical properties, the yield strength of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel is up to 1266.33MPa, and the yield strength of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel is improved by 83.29-144.27% compared with that of a comparison material GCr 15; the tensile strength of the material is up to 1401.38MPa, and is improved by 18.47-62.71% compared with the tensile strength of a comparison material GCr 15.
Metallographic structure observation was performed on the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steels obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the comparative material GCr15 steel, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. As can be seen from the figure 2 and the figure 3, the metallographic phase of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained by the invention is mainly an austenite phase, compared with a comparison material GCr15, the grain has an obvious thinning tendency, and according to a Hall-Petch formula, the tensile strength of the steel material is enhanced along with the thinning of the grain.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.8% of C, 8-11% of Al, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 25-33% of Mn, 0.3-0.9% of Cr, 0.1-0.9% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The aluminum-containing high strength low density steel of claim 1 comprising: 0.9-1.4% of C, 9-10% of Al, 0.3-0.4% of Si, 27-30% of Mn, 0.6-0.8% of Cr, 0.4-0.7% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
3. The method for producing aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
1) smelting a raw material containing aluminum high-strength low-density steel to obtain an alloy ingot;
2) carrying out hot forging treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy forging material;
3) carrying out water toughening treatment on the alloy forging material to obtain a water-toughened alloy forging material;
4) sequentially carrying out hot rolling treatment and solid solution treatment on the water-tough alloy forging stock to obtain an alloy plate blank;
5) performing cold rolling treatment on the alloy plate blank to obtain a cold-rolled alloy plate blank;
6) and carrying out aging treatment on the cold-rolled alloy plate blank to obtain the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel.
4. The method for preparing aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the hot forging treatment is 1050-1100 ℃ and the time is 20-30 min.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the hot rolling treatment is 1000-1120 ℃, the hot rolling treatment is multi-pass rolling deformation, and the total deformation amount of the hot rolling treatment is 60-65%.
6. The method for preparing aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to claim 3, wherein the solution treatment is carried out at 1000 to 1100 ℃ for 120 to 180 min.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to claim 3, wherein the cold rolling treatment is multi-pass rolling deformation, and the total deformation amount of the cold rolling treatment is 48-60%.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to claim 3, wherein the aging treatment is performed at 350-450 ℃ for 6-12 hours.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the water toughening treatment is 1050-1100 ℃ for 25-30 min.
10. Use of the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the aluminum-containing high-strength low-density steel obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 9 in the preparation of automobiles.
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