CN111326757B - Metal seawater fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Metal seawater fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN111326757B CN111326757B CN201811535989.0A CN201811535989A CN111326757B CN 111326757 B CN111326757 B CN 111326757B CN 201811535989 A CN201811535989 A CN 201811535989A CN 111326757 B CN111326757 B CN 111326757B
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- shell
- end plate
- fuel cell
- cell stack
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal seawater fuel cell, in particular to a metal seawater fuel cell stack, which comprises a cell stack formed by sequentially arranging N monocells from left to right in parallel, wherein N is an integer more than or equal to 2; the single cell comprises a single cell shell, and cathodes and anodes which are arranged in the shell and are sequentially arranged alternately in parallel, wherein a diaphragm is arranged between the cathodes and the anodes, the number of the cathodes and the anodes is more than 1, and the number of the cathodes and the anodes is the same or differs by 1; the shell is a closed cylindrical electrolyte cavity; the volume of the cylindrical electrolyte cavity can be increased towards the end plate at one side or two sides along with the expansion of the gas volume in the single cell. The battery has high specific energy and the buoyancy in water is adjustable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal seawater fuel cell, in particular to a metal seawater fuel cell stack with high specific energy and underwater buoyancy adjustable function.
Background
The metal seawater fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device which adopts metal (such as magnesium, aluminum and alloy thereof) as anode fuel, seawater as oxidant and electrolyte solution. The metal seawater fuel cell has the advantages of high specific energy, safety, reliability and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of power supplies of marine equipment such as deep sea lander power supplies and the like. The deep sea equipment power supply has higher requirement on the specific energy of the battery used in the whole deep sea range, and the prior all-solid-state lithium battery, silver-zinc battery and the like have the defects of lower specific energy, high cost and the like in the whole deep sea application. Meanwhile, the buoyancy change of the equipment power supply is strictly required due to the limitation of the buoyancy adjusting range of the marine equipment such as a deep sea lander. The metal seawater fuel cell generates difficultly-compatible hydroxide and hydrogen in the reaction process, the difficultly-compatible hydroxide and hydrogen are accumulated in the cell along with the increase of reaction time, the volume of a single cell expands due to the uneven distribution of flocculation precipitation products, and the amount of gas remained in the single cell changes. When the working sea depth of the lander changes, the working sea depth is increased, the gas volume is reduced and the gas storage volume in a single pool per unit time also changes according to an ideal gas state equation. When the working current density of the metal seawater fuel cell changes along with the change of power consumption, the rate of hydrogen generated by reaction also changes. In the above situations, the balance between the buoyancy generated by the gas in the single pool and the gravity of the single pool is destroyed due to the volume change of the gas in the single pool, so that the buoyancy balance in the working process of the lander is influenced, and the real-time balance of the working depth in the actual use process of the lander is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the battery, the invention provides the metal seawater fuel battery which realizes the use of high specific energy of the battery and has the function of adjusting the buoyancy in water so as to meet the power supply requirements of equipment in the whole sea depth range such as landers and the like.
A metal seawater fuel cell stack comprises a cell stack formed by sequentially arranging N monocells from left to right in parallel, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the single cell comprises a single cell shell, and cathodes and anodes which are arranged in the shell and are sequentially arranged alternately in parallel, wherein a diaphragm is arranged between the cathodes and the anodes, the number of the cathodes and the anodes is more than 1, and the number of the cathodes and the anodes is the same or differs by 1;
the shell is a closed cylindrical electrolyte cavity; the volume of the cylindrical electrolyte cavity can be increased towards the end plate at one side or two sides along with the expansion of the gas volume in the single cell.
The battery pack is arranged in a cavity or a frame made of rigid materials and increases along with the volume of the single battery so as to ensure that the whole volume of the battery pack is kept unchanged.
The shell is a closed cylindrical electrolyte cavity; the left end plate and the right end plate of the shell, which are parallel to the cathode, are plate bodies made of rigid materials; the outer surface of the end plate at the two ends is sunken towards the inside of the shell, a groove sunken towards the inside of the shell is formed on the outer surface of the end plate, and a protrusion protruding towards the inside of the shell is formed on the inner surface of the end plate corresponding to the groove; the number of the dents is more than 1; the bottom surface of the groove is a spherical crown smaller than a hemispherical surface or an arc surface with radian smaller than 180 degrees. In the discharging process of the battery, along with the generation of reaction products, the internal volume of the monocell is continuously increased to extrude the shell, and the rigid plate body has better rigidity due to the concave-convex structure, so that the stress required by deformation is increased, the expansion rate of the internal reaction volume of the monocell is effectively inhibited, the internal space of the monocell is maintained to be minimum, namely the gas volumetric space is minimum, namely the buoyancy change is minimum.
A metal seawater fuel cell comprises a battery pack formed by sequentially arranging N monocells from left to right in parallel, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the single cell comprises a single cell shell, and cathodes and anodes which are arranged in the shell and are sequentially arranged alternately in parallel, wherein a diaphragm is arranged between the cathodes and the anodes, the number of the cathodes and the anodes is more than 1, and the number of the cathodes and the anodes is the same or differs by 1;
the shell is a closed cylindrical electrolyte cavity;
the left end plate and the right end plate of the shell, which are parallel to the cathode, are plate bodies made of rigid materials and are used as rigid support frames, and the cylindrical side wall surfaces except the left end plate and the right end plate are made of soft flexible materials; or the shell is made of soft flexible material, and the left end and the right end of the shell parallel to the cathode are provided with rigid support frames made of rigid material;
more than 2 springs or elastic material bodies are respectively arranged between the adjacent monocells, and the left side and the right side of each spring or elastic material body are respectively abutted against the rigid support frames of the adjacent monocells; the rigid support frames of the monocells positioned at the left end and the right end of the battery pack fix the distance and the position of the left end and the right end of the battery pack through limiting rods or limiting frames.
In the discharging process of the battery, the internal volume of the monocell is continuously increased along with the generation of reaction products to extrude the shell, rigid plate bodies at two ends of the monocell are supported by an external spring or an elastic body and generate a set of spring force opposite to expansion extrusion force, the volume of the monocell needs to be increased to overcome the spring force, the structure effectively inhibits the expansion rate of the internal reaction volume of the monocell, the internal space of the monocell is kept to be minimum, namely the gas volumetric space is minimum, namely the buoyancy change is minimum, and the flexible material is connected between the two rigid end plates to make up the volume change of the monocell generated by the displacement of the rigid end plates.
The rigid support frame and the soft material can be fixed into a whole in the modes of bonding, welding, pressing or locking and the like;
the spring can be one or a combination of a plurality of cylindrical helical springs, variable diameter helical springs, annular springs, leaf springs, rubber-metal helical composite springs and air springs;
the spring or the elastic material body can be made of corrosion-resistant elastic materials such as metal, plastic, rubber and the like; the plastic is one or more than two of ABS plastic, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polyethylene PE, polystyrene PS, nylon PA, polyformaldehyde POM, polysulfone PSF and polyphenylene sulfide PPS; the rubber is one of natural rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, silicone rubber and fluororubber.
And the upper side wall surface and the lower side wall surface of the shell are respectively provided with a flow passage with two open ends, and the two open ends are respectively positioned in the shell and outside the shell.
The number of the depressions on the end plate is 1, the arc surface of the bottom surface of the groove is C-shaped, and the section perpendicular to the cathode from top to bottom is C-shaped;
the number of the upper depressions of the end plate is more than 2, the upper depressions and the lower depressions are respectively arranged at intervals, the arc surface of the bottom surface of the groove is a wave-shaped section perpendicular to the cathode from top to bottom.
The rigid material sheet may be a plastic sheet or a metal sheet.
The diaphragm is one of a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, a polyvinyl alcohol film, a Nafion film and a hydrophilic PTFE film.
The rigid support frame can be made of plastic or metal; the soft flexible material can be flexible plastic, rubber or waterproof cloth.
M cathodes, M +1 anodes and 2M diaphragms which are respectively arranged in parallel and alternately in the order of anode, diaphragm, cathode, diaphragm and anode … …, wherein M is an integer more than or equal to 1;
the surface area of the outermost metal anode close to the left end and the right end of the shell is larger than that of the cathode, the surface of the outermost metal anode close to the left end or the right end of the shell, which is far away from the cathode, is coated with a corrosion-resistant coating, so that the reactivity is reduced, and good rigidity is maintained.
The single battery circuits in the battery pack are connected in series, in parallel or in series-parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the metal seawater fuel cell has the following advantages:
(1) the specific energy of the battery is high, and the single battery adopts the cathodes and the anodes which are sequentially arranged in parallel in an alternating way, so that the volume and the weight of the battery are reduced, and the storage and the carrying are convenient;
(2) the battery structure has elasticity limit function, has buoyancy regulatory function, widens battery operating sea depth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a C-type structure of a metal seawater fuel cell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wave structure of a metal seawater fuel cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-spherical crown surface concave structure of the metal seawater fuel cell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spring structure of a metal seawater fuel cell;
FIG. 5 is a graph of weight change during discharge of an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing weight change during comparative example discharge;
in the figure, 1-C type elastic structure shell, 2-electrode, 3-wave elastic structure shell, 4-spherical crown structure shell, 5-rigid support, 6-soft material, 7-spring or elastomer material and 8-limit frame.
Detailed Description
Example (b): AZ61 magnesium alloy is used as an anode, foam nickel is used as a cathode, and the area of the electrode is 120cm2The distance between the anode and the cathode is 0.5mm, the diaphragm is a polypropylene film and is arranged between the cathode and the anode, 5 anodes and 6 cathodes in the single cell are sequentially arranged in parallel in an alternating mode, and the single cell shell is in a C-shaped curved surface groove structure as shown in figure 1, and the wall thickness is 2 mm. The electrolyte used was a 3.5% by mass aqueous sodium chloride solution. The battery pack is formed by connecting 3 single batteries in series, and the power of the battery pack is 1 mA-cm2When the battery is discharged at constant current, the change of gravity in the water of the battery pack is recorded, as shown in fig. 5. Compared with the comparative example, under the condition of the same discharge current density, the weight change in the single cell discharge process is obviously smaller than that of the comparative example, and compared with the comparative example, the buoyancy is controllable.
Comparative example: AZ61 magnesium alloy is used as an anode, foam nickel is used as a cathode, and the area of the electrode is 120cm2The distance between the anode and the cathode is 0.5mm, the diaphragm is a polypropylene film and is arranged between the cathode and the anode, 5 anodes and 6 cathodes in the single battery are sequentially arranged in parallel in an alternating mode, the side wall of the single battery shell is of a planar plate structure, and the wall thickness is 2 mm. The electrolyte used was a 3.5% by mass aqueous sodium chloride solution. The battery pack is formed by connecting 3 single batteries in series at a rate of 1mA/cm2When the battery is discharged at constant current, the change of gravity in the water of the battery pack is recorded, as shown in fig. 6. The buoyancy of the battery pack varies by more than 1 kg.
Claims (8)
1. A metal seawater fuel cell stack comprises a cell stack formed by sequentially arranging N monocells from left to right in parallel, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the single cell comprises a single cell shell, and cathodes and anodes which are arranged in the shell and are sequentially arranged alternately in parallel, wherein a diaphragm is arranged between the cathodes and the anodes, the number of the cathodes and the anodes is more than 1, and the number of the cathodes and the anodes is the same or differs by 1; the method is characterized in that:
the shell is a closed cylindrical electrolyte cavity; the volume of the cylindrical electrolyte cavity can be increased towards the end plate at one side or two sides along with the expansion of the gas volume in the single cell;
the left end plate and the right end plate of the shell, which are parallel to the cathode, are plate bodies made of rigid materials and are used as rigid support frames, and the cylindrical side wall surfaces except the left end plate and the right end plate are made of soft flexible materials; or the shell is made of soft flexible material, and the left end and the right end of the shell parallel to the cathode are provided with rigid support frames made of rigid material;
more than 2 springs or elastic material bodies are respectively arranged between the adjacent monocells, and the left side and the right side of each spring or elastic material body are respectively abutted against the rigid support frames of the adjacent monocells; the rigid support frames of the monocells positioned at the left end and the right end of the battery pack fix the distance and the position of the left end and the right end of the battery pack through a limiting rod or a limiting frame;
when the number of the cathode and the anode is different by 1,
m cathodes, M +1 anodes and 2M diaphragms which are respectively arranged in parallel and alternately in the order of anode, diaphragm, cathode, diaphragm and anode, wherein M is an integer more than or equal to 1;
the surface area of the outermost metal anode close to the left end and the right end of the shell is larger than that of the cathode, the surface of the outermost metal anode close to the left end or the right end of the shell, which is far away from the cathode, is coated with a corrosion-resistant coating, so that the reactivity is reduced, and good rigidity is maintained.
2. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the left end plate and the right end plate of the shell, which are parallel to the cathode, are plate bodies made of rigid materials; the outer surface of the end plate at the two ends is sunken towards the inside of the shell, and a groove sunken towards the inside of the shell is formed on the outer surface of the end plate; the inner surface of the end plate corresponding to the groove forms a protrusion protruding towards the inner part of the shell; the number of the dents is more than 1; the bottom surface of the groove is a spherical crown smaller than a hemispherical surface or an arc surface with radian smaller than 180 degrees.
3. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the rigid support frame and the soft material are fixed into a whole in one of bonding, welding, pressing or locking modes;
the spring is one or a combination of a plurality of cylindrical helical springs, variable diameter helical springs, annular springs, leaf springs, rubber-metal helical composite springs and air springs;
the spring or the elastic material body is made of one of metal, plastic and rubber corrosion-resistant elastic materials; the plastic is one or more than two of ABS plastic, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polyethylene PE, polystyrene PS, nylon PA, polyformaldehyde POM, polysulfone PSF and polyphenylene sulfide PPS; the rubber is one of natural rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, silicone rubber and fluororubber.
4. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 2, wherein: and the upper side wall surface and the lower side wall surface of the shell are respectively provided with a flow passage with two open ends, and the two open ends are respectively positioned in the shell and outside the shell.
5. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
the number of the depressions on the end plate is 1, the arc surface of the bottom surface of the groove is C-shaped, and the section perpendicular to the cathode from top to bottom is C-shaped;
or the number of the depressions on the end plate is more than 2, the depressions are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the arc surface of the bottom surface of each groove is a wave-shaped section perpendicular to the cathode from top to bottom.
6. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
the plate body made of the rigid material is a plastic sheet or a metal sheet.
7. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
the diaphragm is one of a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, a polyvinyl alcohol film, a Nafion film and a hydrophilic PTFE film.
8. A fuel cell stack as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the rigid support frame is made of plastic or metal; the soft flexible material is flexible plastic, rubber or waterproof cloth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811535989.0A CN111326757B (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Metal seawater fuel cell stack |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811535989.0A CN111326757B (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Metal seawater fuel cell stack |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111326757A CN111326757A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
| CN111326757B true CN111326757B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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| CN201811535989.0A Active CN111326757B (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Metal seawater fuel cell stack |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114614036B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2024-03-15 | 浙江大学 | Metal seawater fuel cell system for realizing replacement and supplementary management of electrolyte |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2854819Y (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-01-03 | 大连新源动力股份有限公司 | Sealing device of proton exchange film fuel cell |
| CN1918741A (en) * | 2004-02-16 | 2007-02-21 | 株式会社Meet | Collapsible metal air battery |
| CN106898788A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of magnesium water battery |
| CN107221689A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 上海申荻科技有限公司 | A kind of cell panel and vanadium cell |
| CN107346816A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-14 | 安徽巨大电池技术有限公司 | Battery pack and battery unit thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017002815A1 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-05 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Zinc air battery cell pack and battery pack using same |
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2018
- 2018-12-14 CN CN201811535989.0A patent/CN111326757B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1918741A (en) * | 2004-02-16 | 2007-02-21 | 株式会社Meet | Collapsible metal air battery |
| CN2854819Y (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-01-03 | 大连新源动力股份有限公司 | Sealing device of proton exchange film fuel cell |
| CN106898788A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of magnesium water battery |
| CN107346816A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-14 | 安徽巨大电池技术有限公司 | Battery pack and battery unit thereof |
| CN107221689A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 上海申荻科技有限公司 | A kind of cell panel and vanadium cell |
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| CN111326757A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
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