CN111305818A - Underground comprehensive observation device - Google Patents
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification provides a downhole comprehensive observation device, which comprises at least one data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is deployed underground and is used for receiving analog signals acquired by at least one data measurement instrument and converting the analog signals into digital signals; the underground data processing unit is deployed underground and is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a coded digital signal; the power supply signal processing unit is used for carrying out voltage conversion processing on the received power supply signal and transmitting the power supply signal after the voltage conversion processing to each data measuring instrument through each data acquisition unit; the ground data processing unit is deployed on the ground, is used for decoding the coded digital signal to obtain a digital signal, and is used for transmitting the power supply signal to the underground data processing unit; the underground data processing unit is connected with the ground data processing unit through a cable for multiplexing digital signals and power signals. The device of the embodiment can solve the problems of data transmission and power supply between the underground part and the ground part in the deep well comprehensive observation.
Description
Technical Field
One or more embodiments of the present description relate to the technical field of downhole observation, and in particular, to a downhole comprehensive observation device.
Background
In the underground comprehensive observation system, a plurality of data measuring instruments such as a seismometer, a geomagnetic instrument, a strain sensor and the like are generally arranged at the bottom of a well with the depth of 300-3000 meters underground, analog data measured by the various data measuring instruments are respectively transmitted to ground equipment through cable cores, and meanwhile, the ground equipment inputs power to the data measuring instruments through the cable cores to supply power to the data measuring instruments.
In order to realize the transmission of various analog signals and power supplies, the number of core wires of the cable is as large as dozens of core wires, and because the number of the core wires is too large, the diameter of a single core is reduced, the resistance of the cable is increased, and the transmission loss of the analog signals and the power supplies on the cable is larger; various measurement signals are simultaneously transmitted in the cable, crosstalk among the measurement signals is large, observation data quality is low, power consumption is large, line attenuation is easy to occur in long-distance transmission of analog signals and line interference occurs, and particularly for data measurement instruments such as earthquake observation instruments which are very sensitive to external interference, cable disturbance, core wire twisting, tension release and the like can seriously affect the observation data quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a downhole synthetic observation device to solve the problems of observation data transmission and power supply of various downhole data measurement instruments.
In view of the above, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a downhole synthetic observation device, including:
the data acquisition unit is deployed underground and used for receiving analog signals acquired by the data measurement instrument and converting the analog signals into digital signals;
the underground data processing unit is deployed underground and is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a coded digital signal; the power supply signal processing unit is used for carrying out voltage conversion processing on the received power supply signal and transmitting the power supply signal subjected to the voltage conversion processing to each data measuring instrument through each data acquisition unit;
the ground data processing unit is deployed on the ground, and is used for decoding the coded digital signal to obtain a digital signal and transmitting the power supply signal to the underground data processing unit;
the underground data processing unit is connected with the ground data processing unit through a cable for multiplexing digital signals and power signals.
Optionally, the cable is a seven-core cable, three pairs of core wires are divided from the seven-core cable, at least one pair of core wires is used for transmitting the digital signal, any three core wires are used for transmitting the positive signal of the power supply, and the remaining three core wires are used for transmitting the negative signal of the power supply.
Optionally, the downhole data processing unit includes:
the first coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a non-direct-current digital signal;
the first signal transceiving circuit is used for transmitting the non-direct-current digital signal to the ground data processing unit through the cable; receiving the direct-current power supply signal transmitted by the ground data processing unit through the cable;
the ground data processing unit includes:
a second signal transceiver circuit for receiving the digital signal in the non-direct current form through the cable; transmitting the direct current power supply signal to the downhole data processing unit through a cable;
and the second coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the digital signal in the non-direct current form to obtain the digital signal.
Optionally, the first signal transceiving circuit includes a first differential processing sub-circuit, a first driving amplification sub-circuit, a first data transmission sub-circuit, and a first power signal transmission sub-circuit; the signal output end of the first coding and decoding circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first differential processing sub-circuit, the signal output end of the first differential processing sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first driving amplification sub-circuit, and the signal output end of the first driving amplification sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first data transmission sub-circuit; the signal output end of the first power signal transmission sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of a voltage conversion circuit used for performing voltage conversion on the direct-current power signal, the first data transmission sub-circuit is a blocking capacitor, the first power signal transmission sub-circuit is an isolation inductor and two switching diodes with opposite polarities, the isolation inductor and the two switching diodes are connected in parallel, and the two switching diodes are connected in parallel.
Optionally, the second signal transceiving cable includes a second data transmission sub-circuit and a second power signal transmission sub-circuit, the second data transmission sub-circuit is a blocking capacitor, and the second power signal transmission sub-circuit is an isolation inductor connected in parallel with the blocking capacitor.
Optionally, the ground data processing unit further includes:
the second coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the control instruction to obtain a non-direct-current control signal;
the second signal transceiving circuit is used for transmitting the control signal in the non-direct current form to the underground data processing unit through the cable;
the downhole data processing unit further comprises:
the first signal transceiving circuit receives the non-direct-current control signal through the cable;
the first coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the control signal in the non-direct current form to obtain the control instruction.
Optionally, the first signal transceiving circuit includes a first filtering sub-circuit, a first amplifying sub-circuit, a first comparator, and a first data transmission sub-circuit, wherein a signal output end of the first data transmission sub-circuit is connected to a signal input end of the first comparator through the first filtering sub-circuit and the first amplifying sub-circuit, and a signal output end of the first comparator is connected to a signal input end of the first codec circuit.
Optionally, the digital signal in the non-dc form and the control signal in the non-dc form are transmitted between the downhole data processing unit and the surface data processing unit in a half-duplex manner.
Optionally, the ground data processing unit further includes a signal supplementing circuit for performing compensation correction on the encoded digital signal.
Optionally, the at least one data acquisition unit is connected with the downhole data processing unit through a CAN bus.
From the above description, the downhole comprehensive observation device provided by one or more embodiments of the present specification includes at least one data acquisition unit disposed downhole and configured to receive analog signals acquired by at least one data measurement instrument and convert the analog signals into digital signals; the underground data processing unit is deployed underground and is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a coded digital signal; the power supply signal processing unit is used for carrying out voltage conversion processing on the received power supply signal and transmitting the power supply signal subjected to the voltage conversion processing to each data measuring instrument through each data acquisition unit; the ground data processing unit is deployed on the ground, and is used for decoding the coded digital signal to obtain a digital signal and transmitting the power supply signal to the underground data processing unit; the underground data processing unit is connected with the ground data processing unit through a cable for multiplexing digital signals and power signals. The device of this embodiment can solve the data transmission and the power supply problem between part in the pit and the ground part, reduces cable conductor quantity by a wide margin, guarantees data transmission accuracy, reliability simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments or prior art solutions of the present specification, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one or more embodiments of the present specification, and that other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort from these drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic arrangement of cable cores according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a downhole data processing unit in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a ground data processing unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first codec circuit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of first and second signal transceiver circuits according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a half-duplex mode of communicating data in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 9A-9D are simplified model diagrams of four distribution parameters for a seven-core cable according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a digital signal without correction by a signal compensation circuit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a digital signal corrected by a signal compensation circuit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a connection between a data acquisition unit and a downhole data processing unit in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 13 is a block diagram of a data acquisition unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of the present specification should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in one or more embodiments of the specification is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
As shown in fig. 1, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a downhole synthetic observation device, including:
the data acquisition unit 10 is deployed underground and used for receiving analog signals acquired by at least one data measurement instrument and converting the analog signals into digital signals;
the underground data processing unit 11 is deployed underground and used for coding the digital signals to obtain coded digital signals; the power supply unit is used for performing voltage conversion processing on the received power supply signal and transmitting the power supply signal subjected to the voltage conversion processing to each data measuring instrument through each data acquisition unit 10;
the ground data processing unit 20 is deployed on the ground, and is used for decoding the coded digital signal to obtain a digital signal and transmitting the power supply signal to the downhole data processing unit 11;
the downhole data processing unit 11 is connected with the surface data processing unit 20 through a cable for multiplexing a digital signal and a power supply signal.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the downhole integrated observation device includes a downhole portion and a surface portion, wherein the downhole portion includes various types of data measurement instruments, at least one data acquisition unit 10 and a downhole data processing unit 11, and the surface portion includes a surface data processing unit 20. The data output end of the data measuring instrument is connected with the data input end of the data acquisition unit 10, the data output end of the data acquisition unit 10 is connected with the data input end of the underground data processing unit 11, the analog signal acquired by the data measuring instrument is transmitted to the data acquisition unit 10, the data acquisition unit 10 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal to obtain a digital signal, and the digital signal is transmitted to the underground data processing unit 11; the underground data processing unit 11 is connected with the ground data processing unit 20 through a cable, the underground data processing unit 11 encodes the digital signals to obtain encoded digital signals, the encoded digital signals are transmitted to the ground data processing unit 20 through the cable, the ground data processing unit 20 decodes the encoded digital signals to obtain the digital signals, and therefore data acquired by the underground data measuring instrument are obtained, and data transmission from underground observation data to ground equipment is achieved. On the other hand, the ground data processing unit 20 transmits the power signal to the downhole data processing unit 11 through the cable, the downhole data processing unit 11 performs voltage conversion processing on the power signal to obtain a voltage signal suitable for normal operation of various data measuring instruments, and the converted voltage signal is transmitted to the data measuring instruments through the data acquisition unit 10 to supply power to the data measuring instruments. The underground comprehensive observation device of the embodiment has the advantages that on one hand, after analog signals collected by the data measurement instrument are converted into digital signals, the digital signals are transmitted to the ground part, the anti-interference capacity of the signals can be improved, the observation data quality is improved, on the other hand, the underground part and the ground part are connected through cables for multiplexing the digital signals and power signals, the number of cable cores can be reduced, the structure of the underground comprehensive observation device is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the installation and maintenance difficulty is reduced.
In some embodiments, the data measurement instruments disposed downhole include, but are not limited to, seismic observers, geomagnetism, gyroscopes, stress sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and the like, for observing various parameters downhole. One data measurement instrument of each type can be arranged or a plurality of data measurement instruments can be arranged at different positions in the well, the data measurement instruments of the same type can be connected to the same data acquisition unit 10, or a plurality of data measurement instruments of the type arranged at a certain position can be connected to the same data acquisition unit 10, and the arrangement mode of the instruments is not limited in the specification.
In the existing mode, each data measuring instrument is connected with ground equipment through corresponding cable cores to respectively transmit data, the number of the cores is too large, the device is complex, and interference is large. In this specification, the underground part of the underground comprehensive observation device is connected with the ground part through a cable for multiplexing a digital signal and a power supply signal, and in some modes, the multiplexing of data communication and a power supply is realized by using a seven-core cable, so that the number of core wires can be greatly reduced, and the line interference is reduced. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, the core wires of the seven-core armored cable are arranged in a clockwise order as No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and the middle core wire is No. 7; according to the arrangement characteristics of the seven-core cable, two core wires which are opposite and parallel in pairs are set as a pair, and thus are divided into 3 pairs of wires, for example, 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 are divided into three pairs of core wires. On one hand, three pairs of core wires can be used for transmitting data, when in use, the three pairs of core wires can be flexibly configured and used, for example, the three pairs of core wires are used for transmitting data simultaneously, or one pair or two pairs of core wires are used for transmitting data, or when one pair or two pairs of core wires fail, the other two pairs or one pair of core wires transmit data, so that the data transmission has redundancy, and the data transmission reliability can be improved. On the other hand, any three core wires in the three pairs of core wires can be used as a positive power supply to transmit a positive signal of the power supply, the other three core wires are used as a negative power supply to transmit a negative signal of the power supply, the No. 7 wire is used as a positive standby power supply, and the No. 7 wire and the 7-core cable are sheathed to form a standby power supply loop.
In order to realize the multiplexing of data transmission and a power supply, the digital signal transmitted in the cable is a non-direct current signal, and the power supply signal is a direct current power supply signal. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the downhole data processing unit 11 includes:
the first coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a non-direct-current digital signal;
a first signal transceiver circuit for transmitting a non-dc digital signal to the ground data processing unit 20 via a cable; and receives the dc power signal transmitted from the ground data processing unit 20 through the cable;
the surface data processing unit 20 includes:
a second signal transceiver circuit for receiving a digital signal in a non-direct current form through a cable; and transmitting the direct current power supply signal to the downhole data processing unit 11 through a cable;
and the second coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the digital signal in the non-direct current form to obtain the digital signal.
In this embodiment, for the data transmission portion, the downhole data processing unit 11 performs analog-to-digital conversion on an analog signal acquired by the data measurement instrument to obtain a digital signal, the first coding and decoding circuit is used to code the digital signal to obtain a non-direct-current digital signal, the first signal transceiver circuit is used to transmit the non-direct-current digital signal to the surface data processing unit 20 through a cable, the surface data processing unit 20 receives the non-direct-current digital signal transmitted by the downhole data processing unit 11 through the second signal transceiver circuit, and the second coding and decoding circuit is used to decode the non-direct-current digital signal to obtain the digital signal. For the power supply part, the ground data processing unit 20 transmits the dc power signal to the downhole data processing unit 11 through the cable by using the second signal transceiver circuit, the first signal transceiver circuit of the downhole data processing unit 11 receives the dc power signal, performs voltage conversion processing on the dc power signal, and further transmits the converted voltage signal to each data measurement instrument through the data acquisition unit 10 to supply power to each electrical device in the well. In the embodiment, the non-direct-current digital signal and the direct-current power supply signal are transmitted in the cable core wire, so that the transmission multiplexing of data transmission and a power supply in the cable can be realized, the number of the cable core wires is greatly reduced, the interference of the cable on signal transmission is reduced, the installation and maintenance difficulty of the device is reduced, and the cost is reduced; in addition, the crosstalk problem of different signals can be eliminated by uniformly encoding the analog signals.
In some embodiments, the first codec circuit is configured to perform encoding processing on a digital signal to obtain a digital signal in a form of miller code; and the second coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the digital signal in the Miller code form to obtain the digital signal. The first coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a digital signal in a differential Manchester coding form; and the second coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the digital signal in the differential Manchester coding form to obtain the digital signal. The digital signal in the miller code form and the digital signal in the differential manchester coding form are both signals without direct current components, and can be transmitted and multiplexed with a direct current power supply signal on a cable.
In some modes, as shown in fig. 6, the encoding process of the first encoding and decoding circuit is to convert the digital signal into an NRZ code (non return to zero code, bit 1 corresponds to high level, bit 0 corresponds to low level), xor the NRZ code with a bit synchronous clock BSCLK/2, use the generated signal as the input of a D flip-flop, and use the BSCLK as a clock to drive the output digital to be inverted and then use the inverted output digital as a clock to drive another bistable D flip-flop to generate a miller code; the decoding process is as follows: the Miller code is input into a D end of a first D trigger, the first D trigger is output to an input end of a second D trigger, and both the two D triggers are driven by a BSCLK clock; the output end of the first D flip-flop and the output end of the second D flip-flop are input with an exclusive-OR gate, the exclusive-OR gate outputs to the third D flip-flop, and the third D flip-flop outputs a decoded digital signal under the drive of a BSCLK/2 clock. The miller code encoding and decoding circuit can be realized based on a circuit comprising circuit elements such as an exclusive-or gate and a D trigger, and can also be realized based on a CPLD or an FPGA internal logic unit, the structure and the principle of the miller code encoding and decoding circuit belong to the general technology, and the detailed description is not provided in the specification.
For the cable with multiplexing data and power supply, the ground part and the underground part are provided with corresponding signal transceiving circuits so as to transmit and receive digital signals and direct-current power supply signals in a non-direct-current form. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
for the downhole data processing unit 11, the first signal transceiving circuit includes a first differential processing sub-circuit, a first driving amplification sub-circuit, a first data transmission sub-circuit, and a first power signal transmission sub-circuit. The signal output end of the first coding and decoding circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first differential processing sub-circuit, the signal output end of the first differential processing sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first driving amplification sub-circuit, and the signal output end of the first driving amplification sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first data transmission sub-circuit; the non-dc digital signal output by the first codec circuit is processed into a differential digital signal by the first differential processing sub-circuit, and the differential digital signal is amplified by the first driving amplifier sub-circuit and then transmitted to the ground data processing unit 20 by the first data transmission sub-circuit. The signal output end of the first power signal transmission sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the voltage conversion circuit, the first power signal transmission sub-circuit receives the direct current power signal transmitted by the ground data processing unit 20, transmits the direct current power signal to the voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit performs voltage conversion processing on the direct current power signal.
As shown in fig. 7, the first data transmission sub-circuit is a dc blocking capacitor, which can realize the transmission of digital signals in a non-dc form; the first power signal transmission sub-circuit comprises an isolation inductor and two switch diodes with opposite polarities, wherein the isolation inductor and the two switch diodes are connected in parallel, the isolation inductor can realize transmission of direct-current power signals, and the switch diodes can realize the anode-cathode interchange characteristic of a power supply, namely, any one of 6 core wires can be an anode or any one of the 6 core wires can be a cathode.
For the ground data processing unit 20, the second signal transceiving circuit includes a second filtering sub-circuit, a second amplifying sub-circuit, a second comparator, a second data transmission sub-circuit, and a second power signal transmission sub-circuit. The signal output end of the second data transmission sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the second filter sub-circuit, the signal output end of the second filter sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the second amplification sub-circuit, the signal output end of the second amplification sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of a second comparator, and the signal output end of the second comparator is connected with the signal input end of the second coding and decoding circuit; the second data transmission sub-circuit receives the non-direct-current digital signals transmitted by the downhole data processing unit 11, the non-direct-current digital signals are sequentially subjected to filtering processing by the second filtering sub-circuit, the second amplification sub-circuit is subjected to amplification processing, the second comparator is subjected to signal recovery processing to obtain the required non-direct-current digital signals, and the non-direct-current digital signals are subjected to decoding processing by the second coding and decoding circuit to obtain the digital signals. The second power signal transmission sub-circuit transmits the dc power signal to the downhole data processing unit 11.
As shown in fig. 7, the second data transmission sub-circuit is a dc blocking capacitor, which can realize the transmission of digital signals in a non-dc form; the second power signal transmission sub-circuit is an isolation inductor connected with the blocking capacitor in parallel, and can realize the transmission of direct-current power signals.
In this embodiment, the sending and receiving processing of the non-dc digital signal and the dc power signal between the downhole data processing unit 11 and the ground data processing unit 20 is realized through the first signal transceiver circuit and the second signal transceiver circuit, and the multiplexing transmission and separation of the non-dc digital signal and the dc power signal in the cable core can be realized.
In some modes, the power supply voltage input by the surface data processing unit 20 to each electrical device in the downhole part is 72-120V, which can meet the electricity demand of each electrical device in the downhole.
In this embodiment, the surface data processing unit 20 can also monitor the status of the downhole data measurement instrument and control the data measurement instrument. Wherein,
the surface data processing unit 20 further includes:
the second coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the control instruction to obtain a non-direct-current control signal;
the second signal transceiving circuit is used for transmitting the control signal in a non-direct current form to the underground data processing unit 11 through a cable;
the downhole data processing unit 11 further comprises:
the first signal transceiving circuit receives a non-direct-current control signal through a cable;
and the first coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the control signal in the non-direct current form to obtain a control instruction.
In this embodiment, on the basis of the functions of transmitting the observation data acquired by the data measurement instrument to the ground part and supplying power to the underground part by the ground part, the control function of the underground data measurement instrument by the ground part can be realized. The ground part determines a control instruction, the second coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the control instruction to obtain a non-direct-current control signal, the second signal transceiving circuit sends the non-direct-current control signal to the underground data processing unit 11, the first signal transceiving circuit of the underground data processing unit 11 receives the non-direct-current control signal, the first coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the non-direct-current control signal to obtain the control instruction, and the control instruction is distributed to a corresponding data measuring instrument through the data acquisition unit 10 to enable the data measuring instrument to execute corresponding actions according to the control instruction.
In some embodiments, the control instructions sent by the surface portion to the downhole portion include instructions for querying the status of the tool, instructions for controlling the tool to perform certain actions, parameters for configuring the tool, timing signals for providing time information to the tool, and the like. For example, for a seismic observation instrument, the surface data processing unit 20 sends control instructions to the seismic observation instrument through the downhole data processing unit 11 and the data acquisition unit 10, including a pendulum state query, a pendulum unlocking instruction, a zero setting instruction, a time service signal, a data transmission rate configuration, and the like.
Optionally, the ground data processing unit 20 may be provided with an instrument monitoring module, and a user may set a control instruction of each data measurement instrument through the instrument monitoring module and monitor observation data acquired by each data measurement instrument through the instrument monitoring module.
In order to realize the transmission and the issuing of the control instruction, the second signal transceiving circuit also comprises a second differential processing sub-circuit and a second driving amplification sub-circuit; the signal output end of the second coding and decoding circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first data transmission sub-circuit through a second differential processing sub-circuit and a second driving amplification sub-circuit; the control signal in the non-direct current form output by the second coding and decoding circuit is processed into a differential control signal by the second differential processing sub-circuit, and the differential control signal is amplified by the second driving amplification sub-circuit and then transmitted to the downhole data processing unit 11 by the second data transmission sub-circuit.
The first signal transceiving circuit further comprises a first filtering sub-circuit, a first amplifying sub-circuit and a first comparator. The signal output end of the first data transmission sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of a first comparator through a first filtering sub-circuit and a first amplifying sub-circuit, and the signal output end of the first comparator is connected with the signal input end of a first coding and decoding circuit; the first data transmission sub-circuit receives the non-dc control signal transmitted by the ground data processing unit 20, the non-dc control signal is sequentially filtered by the first filtering sub-circuit, amplified by the first amplifying sub-circuit, and subjected to signal recovery by the first comparator to obtain the required non-dc control signal, and the non-dc control signal is decoded by the first codec circuit to obtain the control command.
In this embodiment, the downhole data processing unit 11 transmits observation data collected by the data measurement instrument to the surface data processing unit 20, the surface data processing unit 20 transmits a control instruction to the downhole data processing unit 11, and in order to realize bidirectional data transmission, the observation data and the control instruction are transmitted in a half-duplex manner, that is, in a predetermined first time period, the downhole data processing unit 11 transmits a digital signal in a non-direct current form to the surface data processing unit 20, and in a second time period different from the first time period, the surface data processing unit 20 transmits a control signal in a non-direct current form to the downhole data processing unit 11. By adopting a half-duplex data transmission mode, the data communication and control functions between the underground part and the ground part can be realized, the problem of long-distance long-line transmission is solved, and the reliability of data transmission is improved.
In some implementations, the entire second may be divided into a first time period during which control commands are transmitted downhole by the surface portion and a second time period during which observed data downhole is transmitted to the surface portion by the downhole portion.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the received signal in consideration of the line loss of the cable transmission, the downhole data processing unit 11 also sends a signal compensation parameter for correcting the signal to the surface data processing unit 20. In half-duplex transmission, one second is divided into a first time period, a second time period and a third time period, in the first time period, the ground data processing unit 20 transmits a control instruction to the downhole data processing unit 11, in the second time period, the downhole data processing unit 11 transmits a signal compensation parameter (a preset fixed coding signal, for example, a hexadecimal code with a set value of aaaaaaaaaa) to the ground data processing unit 20, the ground data processing unit 20 performs cross-correlation operation on the received digital signal in a non-direct current form according to the received signal compensation parameter, calculates a compensation coefficient of an equalization filter, determines the compensation coefficient of the equalization filter, and then in the second time period, the signal compensation parameter may not be transmitted any more, and in the third time period, the downhole data processing unit 11 transmits observation data to the ground data processing unit 20.
Referring to fig. 8, optionally, starting with the time of the whole second, one second is divided into three time periods, which are 60ms, 40ms and 900ms respectively according to the chronological order; within 60ms, the surface data processing unit 20 sends a control signal in a non-direct current form to the downhole data processing unit 11, within 40ms, the downhole data processing unit 11 sends a signal compensation parameter to the surface data processing unit 20, and within 900ms, the downhole data processing unit 11 transmits a digital signal in a non-direct current form to the surface data processing unit 20.
As shown in table 1, the data exchanged between the downhole data processing unit 11 and the surface data processing unit 20 uses a uniform data format, where the first byte is all "0", which identifies the start of the data block for synchronization of data transmission, the second and third bytes are identification codes as the start mark of data block transmission, the fourth byte is the data area, and then the data length is two bytes, and the last two bytes are checksums.
TABLE 1
In consideration of the interference influence of the cable on data transmission during the long-distance cable transmission, which may cause signal attenuation and distortion, in order to ensure the accuracy of data transmission and reduce the error rate, the ground data processing unit 20 further includes a signal supplement circuit for performing compensation and correction on the received digital signal.
Referring to the reduced model of the distribution parameters of the seven-core cable, one being a single RC network, input V, as shown in FIGS. 9A-9DiAnd an output VOThe relationship of (1) is:
the second type is two series RC networks, and the relation of input and output is as follows:
the third is three series RC networks, and the relation of input and output is as follows:
the fourth is four series RC networks, and the relation of input and output is as follows:
if the distribution parameters of a 1000-meter seven-core cable are estimated, the resistance value R is 66 ohms, and the capacitance value C is 130 nanofarads, the frequency characteristic curves of the four models are calculated, and as shown in fig. 10, the frequency band of the cable starts to decrease at 18.55 MHz. In order to ensure the accuracy of signal transmission, a signal compensation circuit is provided in the ground data processing unit 20 for performing signal compensation correction on the digital signal transmitted through the cable.
In some embodiments, the signal compensation circuit employs an equalization filter, after the surface data processing unit 20 receives the signal compensation parameter from the downhole data processing unit 11, a different equalization filter is used to calculate the correlation between the signal compensation parameter and the received digital signal in the non-dc form, after calculation, the equalization filter with the maximum correlation corresponding to the maximum correlation value is determined, the equalization filter is used as the equalization filter in the communication process between the downhole data processing unit 11 and the surface data processing unit 20, and the equalization filter is used to perform compensation and correction on the received digital signal in the non-dc form, so that the signal band of cable transmission can be widened by 10 times (as shown in fig. 11), thereby realizing signal compensation and correction, compensating the attenuation caused by the cable line to the signal transmission, and improving the data transmission accuracy.
The downhole portion is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 12, at least one data acquisition unit 10 is connected to the downhole data processing unit 11 via a CAN bus. Each data acquisition unit 10 receives analog signals acquired by the connected data measurement instrument, performs analog-to-digital conversion processing on the analog signals to obtain digital signals, and transmits the digital signals to the underground data processing unit 11 through the CAN bus in a unified manner; and the downhole data processing unit 11 transmits the control instruction to the corresponding data acquisition unit 10 through the CAN bus. As shown, each data acquisition unit 10 implements serial differential transmission of digital signals via CAN1 and CAN2 lines. In this embodiment, after analog signals acquired by various types of data measurement instruments are converted into digital signals by the corresponding data acquisition units 10, the digital signals are uniformly transmitted to the downhole data processing unit 11 through the CAN bus, so that uniformity, standardization and instantaneity of data acquisition of the distributed data acquisition units 10 CAN be realized, a data transmission rate is ensured, integration of data acquisition of various downhole data measurement instruments is realized, and the data acquisition device has universality. Meanwhile, the downhole data processing unit 11 sends the control command issued by the ground part to the data acquisition unit 10 through the CAN bus, and the data acquisition unit 10 further sends the control command to the corresponding data measurement instrument, so that the data measurement instrument executes the corresponding action according to the control command.
As shown in fig. 13, the data acquisition unit 10 includes a third main control chip and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a signal output end of the data measurement instrument is connected to a signal input end of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and a signal output end of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected to a signal input end of the third main control chip. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts analog signals acquired by the data measurement instrument into digital signals, and transmits the digital signals to the third main control chip, and the third main control chip packages the digital signals according to the data transmission format of the CAN bus and then sends the packaged digital signals to the downhole data processing unit 11 through the CAN bus. When the ground data processing unit 20 issues the control command, the third main control chip transmits the control command to the data measurement instrument, so that the data measurement instrument executes a corresponding action according to the control command.
In order to distinguish the signals respectively acquired by each data measurement instrument, identification information needs to be added to the signals acquired by each data measurement instrument, the data acquisition unit 10 further includes an identification processing circuit, and the signal output end of the data measurement instrument is connected with the signal input end of the third main control chip through the analog-to-digital conversion circuit and the identification processing circuit. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts analog signals acquired by the data measurement instrument into digital signals, the identification processing circuit performs identification processing on the digital signals to obtain identification digital signals, the identification digital signals are transmitted to the third main control chip, the third main control chip packages the identification digital signals according to the data transmission format of the CAN bus, and then the packaged identification digital signals are sent to the downhole data processing unit 11 through the CAN bus.
Optionally, the identification information is an equipment identification number of the data measurement instrument, and the signal acquired by the corresponding data measurement instrument is determined according to the equipment identification number. In one mode, the identification processing circuit reads out the device identification number of the data measurement instrument from the memory, and combines the device identification number and the digital signal corresponding to the data measurement instrument into an identification digital signal.
As shown in fig. 4, the downhole data processing unit 11 includes a first main control chip, a first codec circuit, a first signal transceiver circuit, and a voltage conversion circuit, wherein a power signal output end of the first signal transceiver circuit is connected to a power input end of the first main control chip through the voltage conversion circuit, a data input/output end of the first signal transceiver circuit is connected to a first signal input/output end of the first codec circuit, and a second signal input/output end of the first codec circuit is connected to a data input/output end of the first main control chip. The first main control chip receives the identification digital signal transmitted by the data acquisition unit 10 through the CAN bus, transmits the identification digital signal to the first coding and decoding circuit for coding, and transmits the generated identification digital signal in a non-direct current form to the ground data processing unit 20 through the first signal transceiving circuit; or, the first signal transceiver circuit receives a non-dc control signal transmitted by the ground data unit 20, and transmits the non-dc control signal to the first codec circuit, the first codec circuit decodes the non-dc control signal to obtain a control instruction, and transmits the control instruction to the first main control chip, the first main control chip packages the control instruction according to the data format of the CAN bus, and then transmits the packaged control instruction to the data acquisition unit 10 through the CAN bus, and the data acquisition unit 10 further transmits the control instruction to the corresponding data measurement instrument; meanwhile, the first signal transceiver circuit receives the dc power signal transmitted by the ground data processing unit 20, the dc power signal is processed by the voltage conversion circuit into a voltage signal required by each electrical device, and the first main control chip transmits the voltage signal to each electrical device to supply power to each electrical device in the well.
As shown in fig. 5, the ground data processing unit 20 includes a second main control chip, a second codec circuit, a second signal transceiver circuit, a power supply circuit, and a signal classification circuit, where a power output end of the second main control chip is connected to a power input end of the second signal transceiver circuit through the power supply circuit, a data input end of the second signal transceiver circuit is connected to a signal input end of the second codec circuit, a signal output end of the second codec circuit is connected to a data input end of the second main control chip through the classification circuit, and a control instruction output end of the second main control chip is connected to a signal input end of the second codec circuit. The direct-current power supply signal output by the power supply circuit is transmitted to the underground data processing unit 11 through the second signal transceiving circuit to supply power to each underground electric device; meanwhile, the second signal transceiver circuit receives the identification digital signal in the non-direct current form transmitted by the downhole data processing unit 11, transmits the identification digital signal in the non-direct current form to the second codec circuit, the second codec circuit decodes the identification digital signal in the non-direct current form to obtain an identification digital signal, transmits the identification digital signal to the signal classification circuit, and the signal classification circuit classifies the digital signal according to the identification digital signal and transmits the classified digital signal to the second main control chip; or the second main control chip transmits the control instruction to the second coding and decoding circuit, the second coding and decoding circuit performs coding processing on the control instruction, and the obtained control signal in the non-direct current form is transmitted to the downhole data processing unit 11 through the second signal transceiver circuit.
Optionally, the ground data processing unit 20 further includes a time service module, and the time service module is connected to the time signal input end of the second main control chip and is configured to provide a time service signal for the device. The ground data processing unit 20 further establishes data connection with a remote device through a network, and the ground data unit 20 transmits various acquired and processed digital signals as downhole observation data to the remote device to provide the downhole observation data for the remote device. Optionally, the remote device is, for example, a terminal that needs downhole observation data, such as an upper computer, a remote data processing terminal, a remote station network data receiving and managing terminal, and can further store, perform statistical analysis, and the like on the downhole observation data.
In some embodiments, considering the severe underground working environment, each circuit device of the underground part adopts a high-temperature element, so that the underground working environment-friendly high-temperature high-pressure high-temperature.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the spirit of the present disclosure, features from the above embodiments or from different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present description as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
In addition, well-known power/ground connections to Integrated Circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the understanding of one or more embodiments of the present description, and this also takes into account the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram devices are highly dependent upon the platform within which the one or more embodiments of the present description are to be implemented (i.e., specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the disclosure, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that one or more embodiments of the disclosure can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive.
While the present disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic ram (dram)) may use the discussed embodiments.
It is intended that the one or more embodiments of the present specification embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A downhole synthetic observation device, comprising:
the data acquisition unit is deployed underground and used for receiving analog signals acquired by the data measurement instrument and converting the analog signals into digital signals;
the underground data processing unit is deployed underground and is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a coded digital signal; the power supply signal processing unit is used for carrying out voltage conversion processing on the received power supply signal and transmitting the power supply signal subjected to the voltage conversion processing to each data measuring instrument through each data acquisition unit;
the ground data processing unit is deployed on the ground, and is used for decoding the coded digital signal to obtain a digital signal and transmitting the power supply signal to the underground data processing unit;
the underground data processing unit is connected with the ground data processing unit through a cable for multiplexing digital signals and power signals.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cable is a heptacable, three pairs of cores are divided from the heptacable, at least one pair of cores is used to transmit the digital signal, any three cores are used to transmit a positive power signal, and the remaining three cores are used to transmit a negative power signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the downhole data processing unit comprises:
the first coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the digital signal to obtain a non-direct-current digital signal;
the first signal transceiving circuit is used for transmitting the non-direct-current digital signal to the ground data processing unit through the cable; receiving the direct-current power supply signal transmitted by the ground data processing unit through the cable;
the ground data processing unit includes:
a second signal transceiver circuit for receiving the digital signal in the non-direct current form through the cable; transmitting the direct current power supply signal to the downhole data processing unit through a cable;
and the second coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the digital signal in the non-direct current form to obtain the digital signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first signal transceiving circuit comprises a first differential processing sub-circuit, a first driving amplification sub-circuit, a first data transmission sub-circuit, and a first power signal transmission sub-circuit; the signal output end of the first coding and decoding circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first differential processing sub-circuit, the signal output end of the first differential processing sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first driving amplification sub-circuit, and the signal output end of the first driving amplification sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of the first data transmission sub-circuit; the signal output end of the first power signal transmission sub-circuit is connected with the signal input end of a voltage conversion circuit used for performing voltage conversion on the direct-current power signal, the first data transmission sub-circuit is a blocking capacitor, the first power signal transmission sub-circuit is an isolation inductor and two switching diodes with opposite polarities, the isolation inductor and the two switching diodes are connected in parallel, and the two switching diodes are connected in parallel.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second signal transceiving cable comprises a second data transmission sub-circuit and a second power signal transmission sub-circuit, the second data transmission sub-circuit is a DC blocking capacitor, and the second power signal transmission sub-circuit is an isolation inductor connected in parallel with the DC blocking capacitor.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the surface data processing unit further comprises:
the second coding and decoding circuit is used for coding the control instruction to obtain a non-direct-current control signal;
the second signal transceiving circuit is used for transmitting the control signal in the non-direct current form to the underground data processing unit through the cable;
the downhole data processing unit further comprises:
the first signal transceiving circuit receives the non-direct-current control signal through the cable;
the first coding and decoding circuit is used for decoding the control signal in the non-direct current form to obtain the control instruction.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first signal transceiving circuit comprises a first filtering sub-circuit, a first amplifying sub-circuit, a first comparator, and a first data transmission sub-circuit, wherein a signal output terminal of the first data transmission sub-circuit is connected to a signal input terminal of the first comparator through the first filtering sub-circuit and the first amplifying sub-circuit, and a signal output terminal of the first comparator is connected to a signal input terminal of the first codec circuit.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the non-DC digital signal and the non-DC control signal are transmitted between the downhole data processing unit and the surface data processing unit in a half-duplex manner.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface data processing unit further comprises a signal supplementing circuit for performing compensation correction on the encoded digital signal.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one data acquisition unit and the downhole data processing unit are connected by a CAN bus.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112887057A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 北京港震科技股份有限公司 | Underground data processing device and system |
| CN112901155A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 北京港震科技股份有限公司 | Underground data collection device and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112887057A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 北京港震科技股份有限公司 | Underground data processing device and system |
| CN112901155A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 北京港震科技股份有限公司 | Underground data collection device and system |
| CN112887057B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-07-07 | 北京港震科技股份有限公司 | Underground data processing device and system |
| CN112901155B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-07-02 | 北京港震科技股份有限公司 | Underground data collection device and system |
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