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CN111222084B - 可降低积尘影响的光伏板结构和设计光伏板结构的方法 - Google Patents

可降低积尘影响的光伏板结构和设计光伏板结构的方法 Download PDF

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CN111222084B
CN111222084B CN202010023178.3A CN202010023178A CN111222084B CN 111222084 B CN111222084 B CN 111222084B CN 202010023178 A CN202010023178 A CN 202010023178A CN 111222084 B CN111222084 B CN 111222084B
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屈高强
冯朴
蒋文静
姚琪
王少杰
苏川
叶青
薛玉凤
王璐
李兴财
靳盘龙
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State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co Ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及可降低积尘影响的光伏板结构和设计光伏板结构的方法。方法包括:获得积尘样本,测量其粒径分布函数f(R)、相对介电常数;基于Mie散射理论计算颗粒在电磁波作用下的近场,公式如下:通过仿真计算获得不同粒径R的颗粒在波长为λ的太阳辐射照射下的散射场数据,找到其场强大于定值b时对应的距离r,建立相应的拟合函数,从而计算出一个平均距离;选定
Figure DDA0002851911940000011
作为光伏玻璃的厚度,据此进行光伏板结构的组装。本发明通过预先获得当地积尘的物理性质、太阳辐射功率谱,进而来设计光伏玻璃结构,从而实现光伏电池的高效发电。

Description

可降低积尘影响的光伏板结构和设计光伏板结构的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及可降低积尘影响的光伏板结构和设计光伏板结构的方法。
背景技术
清洁、廉价、可靠的能源一直都是社会繁荣和经济增长的基石,新能源的发展是当今世界无法逆转的趋势。太阳能光伏发电作为目前技术最为成熟的清洁能源技术,对于解决任何一个国家的电力急缺问题都起着至关重要的作用。有效预测光伏板发电效率,对于新能源的并网消纳有着极其重要的作用,而气象环境影响下光伏板的温度、有效太阳辐射强度的准确预测,直接影响着相关结果的准确性。荒漠化地区是发展大型光伏电站的优势区域,但多风沙、强辐射、大温差的大气环境,给光伏系统的正常运行带来了一系列新问题。因此荒漠环境对太阳能发电装置影响的研究受到人们的广泛关注。
气溶胶颗粒会沉积在光伏太阳能板表面,改变光伏电池保护层的透光率,从而影响光伏电池的有效入射太阳辐射强度。实验研究表明:对于倾角为45°的玻璃板,在少雨季节暴露放置30天后其透光率下降30%,且随清洁周期的增加(沙尘沉积更多)而减小。可见沙尘沉积已成为影响荒漠化地区光伏电站经济高效运行的主要因素。探索科学的除尘方法、设计更优的光伏板结构,有效减弱积尘的影响,是当前这一领域的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种可以有效降低积尘对光伏板的负面影响,并可利用积尘特殊的光学现象来实现高效发电的新型光伏板结构。本发明主要是通过预先获得当地积尘的物理性质、太阳辐射功率谱,进而来设计光伏玻璃结构,从而实现光伏电池的高效发电。
本发明提供了一种设计光伏板结构的方法,包括:
1)获得积尘样本,测量其粒径分布函数f(R)、相对介电常数,其中R为颗粒半径,相对介电常数利用开式腔法获得,记为εr
2)基于Mie散射理论计算颗粒在电磁波作用下的近场,在球坐标系
Figure GDA0002851911930000027
中公式如下:
Figure GDA0002851911930000021
Figure GDA0002851911930000022
πn,τn可由下式迭代求解:
Figure GDA0002851911930000023
π0=0;π1=1;π2=3cosθ;τ0=0;τ1=cosθ;τ2=3cos(2θ)
x=kR,k为电磁波的波数,k=2π/λ,λ为电磁波波长,
Figure GDA0002851911930000024
r为考察点到颗粒中心的距离;E
Figure GDA0002851911930000028
分别是入射波在球坐标系下的分量。
Figure GDA0002851911930000025
Figure GDA0002851911930000029
上式中jn(x),
Figure GDA0002851911930000026
分别为第一类、第三类球贝塞尔函数,[xjn(x)]′表示对括号中的函数求关于x的导数。
3)利用(1)式通过仿真计算获得不同粒径R的颗粒在波长为λ的太阳辐射照射下的散射场数据,找到其场强大于定值b时对应的距离r,建立相应的拟合函数r=g(R),从而计算出一个平均距离,计算公式如下:
Figure GDA0002851911930000031
这里的b为任取大于1的常数,表示(2)式所得的距离
Figure GDA0002851911930000032
可保证颗粒在直射条件下散射场的增强倍数,也就是光伏电池感知的场强与入射太阳辐射的倍数;
(4)选定
Figure GDA0002851911930000033
作为光伏玻璃的厚度,据此进行光伏板结构的组装。
在上述方法中,还包括:
(5)通过测量安装地的地理经纬度,确定需要人工干预除尘的时间,具体步骤为:假定安装地的地理纬度φ,太阳赤纬δ,太阳时角t,则太阳高度角H由下式计算:
sinH=sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcost
假定安装地的颗粒物半径的中位数为RM,其中,RM在步骤1中通过激光粒度仪输出,单颗粒阴影的影响距离为L,则L1=2RMctg(H9),L2=2RMctg(H15),取二者均值作为指标,即L0=(L1+L2)/2;
其中,H9和H15表示并网时间点。
本发明还提供了通过上述方法得到的光伏板结构。
本发明通过预先获得当地积尘的物理性质、太阳辐射功率谱,进而来设计光伏玻璃结构,从而实现光伏电池的高效发电。
附图说明
图1示出了对于常见的均值为20微米的积尘颗粒,当光伏板厚度为3毫米与1.5毫米时,入射辐射强度的比较。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明主要是通过预先获得当地积尘的物理性质、太阳辐射功率谱,进而来设计光伏玻璃结构,从而实现光伏电池的高效发电。主要方法为:
4)获得积尘样本,测量其粒径分布函数、相对介电常数(或折射指数)。对于粒径分布函数可以借助激光粒度仪对收集的积尘样本进行测量而获得,该函数记为f(R),其中R为颗粒半径。其相对介电常数可以利用相关仪器测量,如AS2855高频介电常数介质损耗测试系统。记为εr
5)基于Mie散射理论计算颗粒在电磁波作用下的近场,公式如下:
Figure GDA0002851911930000041
Figure GDA0002851911930000042
这里
Figure GDA0002851911930000043
Figure GDA0002851911930000044
πnn可由下式迭代求解:
Figure GDA0002851911930000045
π0=0;π1=1;π2=3cosθ;τ0=0τ1=cosθ;τ2=3cos(2θ)
x=kR,k为电磁波的波数,k=2π/λ,λ为电磁波波长,
Figure GDA0002851911930000046
r为考察点到颗粒中心的距离。
Figure GDA0002851911930000047
Figure GDA0002851911930000048
上式中jn(x),
Figure GDA0002851911930000049
分别为第一类、第三类球贝塞尔函数,[xjn(x)]'表示对括号中的函数求关于x的导数。此处也可以利用其他理论进行颗粒近场的计算,如离散偶极子法(DDA)、T矩阵法、有限差分法等,其根本目的相同:计算颗粒在电磁波照射下的近场分布。
6)利用(1)式通过大量仿真计算获得不同粒径R颗粒在波长为λ的太阳辐射照射下的散射场数据,找到其场强大于定值b(b>1)时对应的距离r,建立相应的拟合函数r=g(R),从而计算出一个平均距离,计算公式如下:
Figure GDA0002851911930000051
这里的b为任取大于1的常数,表示(2)式所得的距离
Figure GDA0002851911930000052
可保证颗粒在直射条件下散射场的增强倍数,也就是光伏电池感知的场强与入射太阳辐射的倍数。
(4)选定
Figure GDA0002851911930000053
作为光伏玻璃的厚度,据此进行光伏板的组装;
(5)通过测量安装地的地理经纬度,确定需要人工干预除尘的时间。具体方法为:假定安装地的地理纬度φ,太阳赤纬δ,太阳时角t,则太阳高度角H可由下式计算:
sinH=sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcost
假定每日需要并网时间段为上午9点至下午17时,则据此获得太阳高度角为H9,H15。假定安装地的颗粒物半径的中位数为RM(步骤1中激光粒度仪自动输出),单颗粒阴影的影响距离为L,则L1=2RMctg(H9),L2=2RMctg(H15),取二者均值作为指标,即L0=(L1+L2)/2。假定光伏板面积为A,则其上积尘数目不得超过0.25A/L2,对应的颗粒间平均间距应为n=2L/R倍颗粒半径,可通过拍照后计算机图像处理方法进行自动判断。
通过我们的实验,对于常见的均值为20微米的积尘颗粒,当光伏板厚度由3毫米缩减为1.5毫米时,入射辐射强度最少约增加10倍,结果如图1所示,纵轴为放大因数。
基于上述思路,也可以人为设计透明微小球体安装在光伏板上,从而实现同样的目的。微球半径为前文所述的R。
本领域技术人员应理解,以上实施例仅是示例性实施例,在不背离本申请的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行多种变化、替换以及改变。

Claims (3)

1.一种设计光伏板结构的方法,包括:
1)获得积尘样本,测量其粒径分布函数f(R)、相对介电常数,其中R为颗粒半径,相对介电常数利用开式腔法获得,记为εr
2)基于Mie散射理论计算颗粒在电磁波作用下的散射场,公式如下:
Figure FDA0002851911920000011
Figure FDA0002851911920000012
Figure FDA0002851911920000013
πnn可由下式迭代求解:
Figure FDA0002851911920000014
π0=0;π1=1;π2=3cosθ;τ0=0;τ1=cosθ;τ2=3cos(2θ)
x=kR,k为电磁波的波数,k=2π/λ,λ为电磁波波长,
Figure FDA0002851911920000015
r为考察点到颗粒中心的距离;E
Figure FDA0002851911920000016
分别是入射波在球坐标系下的分量;
Figure FDA0002851911920000017
Figure FDA0002851911920000018
3)利用(1)式通过仿真计算获得不同粒径R的颗粒在波长为λ的太阳辐射照射下的散射场数据,找到其场强大于定值b时对应的距离r,建立相应的拟合函数r=g(R),从而计算出一个平均距离,计算公式如下:
Figure FDA0002851911920000019
这里的b为任取大于1的常数,表示(2)式所得的距离
Figure FDA00028519119200000110
可保证颗粒在直射条件下散射场的增强倍数,也就是光伏电池感知的场强与入射太阳辐射的倍数;
4)选定
Figure FDA0002851911920000021
作为光伏玻璃的厚度,据此进行光伏板结构的组装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
5)通过测量安装地的地理经纬度,确定需要人工干预除尘的时间,具体步骤为:假定安装地的地理纬度φ,太阳赤纬δ,太阳时角t,则太阳高度角H由下式计算:
sinH=sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcost
假定安装地的颗粒物半径的中位数为RM,其中,RM在步骤1)中通过激光粒度仪输出,单颗粒阴影的影响距离为L,则L1=2RMctg(H9),L2=2RMctg(H15),取二者均值作为指标,即L0=(L1+L2)/2;
其中,H9和H15表示并网时间点。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法得到的光伏板结构。
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