CN111174934B - Optical fiber monitoring method for interface damage degradation process of composite structure - Google Patents
Optical fiber monitoring method for interface damage degradation process of composite structure Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/247—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet using distributed sensing elements, e.g. microcapsules
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical fiber monitoring method for a damage degradation process of a composite structure interface, and belongs to the field of intelligent health monitoring and detection of structures. The distributed optical fiber sensing probes arranged in a U shape and the quasi-distributed grating series sensing probes arranged in the U shape are respectively constructed in the CFRP layered material along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and are arranged in the CFRP layered material in a front-back manner, a CFRP reinforcing member embedded with an optical fiber sensing network probe is integrally formed, and the CFRP reinforcing member is adhered to a matrix by adopting a high-strength adhesive to form a composite structure. The invention provides an optical fiber monitoring method for tracking the action mechanism of temperature field and temperature stress, monitoring of overall and local service states and quantitative characterization of interface damage degradation process in the composite structure forming process of a CFRP reinforced matrix, and provides an effective technical method for monitoring the full-scale and full-range information of the structure safety state and the interface damage degradation process in the composite structure forming, service and long-term service processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent health monitoring and detection of structures, and relates to a method for monitoring a damage and degradation process of a composite structure interface formed by a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) reinforced matrix.
Background
In order to promote the cooperation of regional economy and urban development, the application of steel structures in important infrastructures such as large-span bridges, high-speed railways, super high-rise buildings, submarine immersed tube tunnels and the like is increasingly frequent. With the increase of service life and the action of extremely severe environments (such as earthquake, typhoon, fire, atmospheric pollution and the like), the local positions or key components of the steel structures can cause the reduction of bearing capacity and the deterioration of durability due to the occurrence of damage (such as large deformation, cracks, corrosion and the like) defects. Because new construction or replacement of structures requires a large expenditure of human and material capital, in order to avoid the accumulation of local damage causing failure of the entire structure, the most cost-effective way is to repair and reinforce these structures to restore their resistance function.
Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRP) are used for structural reinforcement with advantages of light self weight, high strength and rigidity, corrosion resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, good stability, excellent fatigue resistance, designability (changing components and content and adjusting the composite material performance in a fiber longitudinal and transverse arrangement mode), easy integral molding and the like. The CFRP reinforcing member has a self-adaptive geometric shape, can form a complex curved surface structure, and can comprehensively reinforce a closed or complex-shaped structure without drilling; compared with welding only depending on edge bonding, the continuous interplanar connection has better reinforcing effect, more uniform deformation distribution and reduced stress concentration risk. Tests prove that the reinforcing method can effectively reduce the stress level of the matrix structure, delay the occurrence time and the expansion rate of matrix damage and indirectly realize the increase of the service life of the structure. The technology can also be popularized and applied to the reinforcement and repair of metal or alloy structures of airplanes, ship bodies, oil pipelines and the like. The composite structure composed of the CFRP and the steel has good mechanical property. However, the interface characteristics of such composite structures are significant due to differences in material composition and mechanical properties. After the interface is in service for a period of time, the bonding strength of the interface can be weakened by overlarge local stress or long-period daily temperature difference and seasonal variation, so that the peeling can be caused, the bearing performance of the composite structure is influenced, and the reinforcement failure is caused. Therefore, obtaining more accurate interface peeling bearing capacity, an interface constitutive model and an interface failure mechanism is the theoretical basis of composite structure optimization design.
At present, many scholars at home and abroad carry out experimental research on the bending resistance/shear performance, rigidity, interface adhesion, durability, fire resistance limit, fatigue characteristics, failure mode and the like of the CFRP reinforced steel beam composite structure under the factors of temperature, humidity, chlorine salt, freeze thawing, impact load and the like and the coupling effect of the factors, and meanwhile, in the experimental process, the apparent change of the CFRP reinforced structure is observed by adopting a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to diagnose the interface peeling damage. Due to the invisible interaction of the interface and the gradual change characteristic of the interface degradation, the experiment and image observation technology is difficult to record the process, only can roughly represent the result, and cannot acquire the change of relevant physical parameters before, after and during the occurrence of the interface damage, so that effective continuous scientific data cannot be provided for the establishment of an interface failure mechanism model. Other nondestructive testing methods (such as acoustic emission technology, ultrasonic detection technology, infrared thermal imaging technology and the like) also have similar limitations, and have the defects of high continuous observation cost, low sensitivity, difficulty in real-time control and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an economical and effective monitoring technology to continuously track the development of the interface damage degradation of the composite structure in real time so as to realize the online identification of the interface damage and the accurate establishment of an interface failure mechanism model, thereby improving effective data accumulation and scientific guidance for the repair control of the interface damage and the conformity with the structure optimization design.
In view of the above, the core of the optical fiber monitoring method for tracking the forming process, evaluating the reinforcing effect and representing the interface damage degradation process of the CFRP reinforced steel beam is to construct a distributed optical fiber and a quasi-distributed grating string in a CFRP layered material according to the geometric physical characteristics and the test requirements of a reinforced steel matrix, form an optical fiber sensing network which gives consideration to the overall high precision and local high precision test in a CFRP reinforcing member, continuously test the distribution of relevant temperature and strain state information in the forming process and the service process of the CFRP reinforced steel beam composite structure in real time, and realize the full-course monitoring of the information of the composite structure state and the interface damage process. The composite structure and the optical fiber monitoring method for interface information representation thereof can test the temperature field change and temperature stress influence in the composite structure forming process, the formed structure deformation, the bearing performance, the reinforcing effect and the time-space characteristics of interface damage degradation in the long-term service process, provide scientific data accumulation for the establishment and optimization design theory of a composite structure interface failure mechanism model formed by a CFRP-steel beam matrix, and serve for the safety state evaluation and the service life prediction of the reinforced composite structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber monitoring method for monitoring the forming process of a composite structure of a CFRP reinforced steel beam matrix, evaluating the bearing effect after reinforcement and representing the interface damage degradation process in the long-term service process, which solves the problems of difficult extraction of temperature field and temperature stress action characteristic rules, difficult quantitative evaluation of real-time bearing performance and reinforcement state of a composite structure in service, undetermined influence of internal interface action, difficult recognition of the interface damage degradation process, difficult acquisition of interface failure mechanism model data and other basic scientific researches and engineering application problems in the field of structural health monitoring in the composite structure forming process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an optical fiber monitoring method of the interface damage degradation process of a composite structure, construct distributed optical fiber sensing probe 1 and quasi-distributed grating string sensing probe 2 that is arranged in U-type longitudinally and horizontally separately in CFRP lamellar material, the two are arranged in the form of front and back in CFRP lamellar material, the integral CFRP reinforcement 3 of the embedded optical fiber sensing network probe, and adopt the high-strength binder to stick the CFRP reinforcement 3 with integral structure reinforcement and local information perception function to the reinforced basal body 4, form the composite structure; the temperature field and temperature stress change in the composite structure forming process, the stress strain response in the bearing process and the cross-scale degradation of interface damage in the long-term service process are transmitted to the optical fiber sensing network probe in the CFRP reinforcing member 3 through the interaction of the interface, so that the overall and local state information measurement of the composite structure and the full-course information monitoring of the interface damage degradation process are realized.
An optical fiber monitoring method for monitoring a composite structure forming process, evaluating a reinforcing effect and quantitatively representing an interface damage degradation process comprises the following implementation steps of: in order to obtain the safety state and the interface damage degradation rule of the composite structure, the layer thickness and the geometric dimension of the CFRP material and the distributed optical fibers and quasi-distributed grating strings which are longitudinally and transversely arranged and embedded in the CFRP layered material are designed according to the geometric and physical characteristics, the reinforcement and the test requirements of the matrix; the CFRP layered material embedded with the optical fiber sensing network is subjected to primary forming by adopting a vacuum bag pressing technology, the CFRP reinforcing member is subjected to secondary forming by adopting an autoclave forming technology, so that an optical fiber sensing network probe which gives consideration to overall higher precision and local high-precision global full-scale testing is formed, and the optical path communication state of the optical fiber sensing network probe is detected by adopting a laser; detecting the structural performance and the sensing performance of the CFRP reinforcing member through a base material tensile test, and applying impact load and fatigue load on the basis to test the deformation, the strength and the durability of the CFRP reinforcing member under the action of different working conditions; according to the bearing characteristics and the resistance recovery requirements of the matrix structure, a high-strength adhesive is adopted to adhere the CFRP reinforcing member to a specific position of the matrix, and meanwhile, optical fiber demodulation equipment and a matched computer are adopted to demodulate, store and output the temperature and temperature stress change characteristics in the forming process of the composite structure of the CFRP reinforcing matrix respectively; in the bearing process of the composite structure, the optical fiber sensing network probe in the CFRP reinforcing member continuously monitors the temperature, stress and deformation state information of the CFRP reinforcing member in real time, and whether the reinforcing effect reaches an expected design value is evaluated according to the information; in the long-term service process of the composite structure, the optical fiber sensing network probe in the reinforcing member continuously tracks the structural state information and the degradation process before/after the interface damage occurs and the failure mode for a long time, and establishes an interface damage failure mechanism model by combining the relevant theory of the interface mechanical action, thereby realizing the overall and local state information measurement of the composite structure, the interface damage degradation process characterization and the full-course information monitoring of the structure safety.
According to the optical fiber monitoring method, the reinforcing member has a sensing function by embedding the CFRP layered material into the optical fiber sensing network probe in the CFRP structure reinforcing forming process, and response information of a composite structure forming process, a service state and interface damage failure is transmitted to the optical fiber sensing network probe of the CFRP reinforcing member through interface interaction, so that tracking monitoring of full-process change is realized.
The interface damage degradation process refers to a damage development rule that softening, local peeling and overall failure occur on a bonding interface between the CFRP reinforcing member and the matrix.
The CFRP reinforcing member refers to an intelligent reinforcing member embedded with an optical fiber sensing network probe which gives consideration to overall and local full-scale information monitoring, and has the functions of structural reinforcement and perception.
The optical fiber sensing network probes refer to distributed optical fiber sensing probes longitudinally arranged in a U shape and quasi-distributed grating string probes transversely arranged in a U shape.
The invention has the following effects and benefits: the full-scale optical fiber monitoring method is provided for monitoring the temperature field and temperature stress action mechanism, overall and local service state monitoring and interface damage degradation process quantitative characterization in the composite structure forming process of the CFRP reinforced matrix; the problems of technical and cost compromise and balance in the structural health monitoring field, such as unclear initial internal stress forming rule in the whole life cycle process of the composite structure, high acquisition cost of whole and local information of the structure in the service process, difficulty in effectively and continuously tracking the interface damage degradation process, difficulty in identifying damage occurrence, difficulty in acquiring whole-course information of hidden damage and the like, are solved; the method realizes the full-scale and full-range information monitoring of the structure safety state and the interface damage degradation process in the composite structure forming, service and long-term service processes, and provides reliable technical and method support for rapid reinforcement, effect evaluation, damage diagnosis, residual life prediction and the like of the heavy traffic and life line engineering structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a distributed optical fiber sensing probe with a longitudinal U-shaped arrangement embedded with CFRP layered materials.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal U-shaped quasi-distributed grating string probe with embedded CFRP layered material.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a CFRP stiffener with global and local information sensing capabilities.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a composite structure formed by attaching CFRP reinforcement members to the lower surface of a substrate.
Fig. 5 shows a method for monitoring the degradation process of the interface damage (for example, local peeling) of the composite structure.
In the figure: 1 distributed optical fiber sensing probes arranged in a U shape; 2 a quasi-distributed grating string probe arranged in a U shape; 3, a CFRP reinforcing member of the embedded optical fiber sensing network probe; 4 a reinforced matrix; 5 interfacial local peel damage.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
An optical fiber monitoring method for tracking the forming process, the whole and local state information and the interface damage degradation process of a CFRP reinforced matrix composite structure is disclosed, wherein the structural schematic diagram of an optical fiber sensing probe is shown in figures 1 and 2; the structure of the sensing type CFRP reinforcing member used by the method is schematically shown in FIG. 3; the composite structure of the CFRP reinforced matrix is shown in FIG. 4; the method of monitoring the local delamination of the composite structure interface is shown in FIG. 5.
The optical fiber monitoring method for the overall and local information and the interface damage degradation process characterization of the composite structure comprises the following implementation modes:
firstly, determining the geometric structure, the layer thickness and the curing molding process of the CFRP reinforcement based on the structural resistance recovery requirement according to the geometric physical characteristics, the load and constraint mode and the damage and failure modes of a reinforced matrix structure; then, according to the measurement requirements of the overall and local characteristic information, designing the number of rows of the longitudinal distributed optical fiber and the number of columns of the transverse quasi-distributed grating strings, and determining the distribution positions of the longitudinal distributed optical fiber and the transverse quasi-distributed grating strings which are distributed on the CFRP layer; secondly, curing the CFRP multilayer material embedded with the optical fiber sensing network by adopting a vacuum bag pressing technology and an autoclave molding technology to form a CFRP reinforcing member with a sensing function, selecting a high-strength adhesive to adhere the CFRP reinforcing member to the surface of the matrix, connecting an optical fiber sensing network probe to demodulation equipment, and visually tracking and monitoring the temperature field and the physical parameter change in the molding process of the composite structure of the CFRP reinforced matrix through a computer; before interface damage of the composite structure in long-term service occurs, in the process of damage degradation and failure damage, the structural characteristic parameter identification technology is used for reading layered and sub-scale optical fiber sensing data so as to quantitatively evaluate the resistance recovery degree, the reinforcement effect and the interface damage degradation track of the composite structure and provide reliable and stable full-process monitoring data for establishing an interface damage failure mechanism model.
Claims (1)
1. An optical fiber monitoring method for a damage degradation process of a composite structure interface is characterized in that a distributed optical fiber sensing probe (1) and a quasi-distributed grating string sensing probe (2) which are arranged in a U shape are respectively constructed in a CFRP layered material along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the two are arranged in the CFRP layered material in a front-back manner, a CFRP reinforcing member (3) embedded with an optical fiber sensing network probe is integrally formed, and a CFRP reinforcing member (3) with the functions of reinforcing the whole structure and sensing local information is adhered to a reinforced matrix (4) by adopting a high-strength adhesive to form a composite structure; temperature field and temperature stress change in the composite structure forming process, stress strain response in the bearing process, and trans-scale degradation of interface damage in the long-term service process are transmitted to the optical fiber sensing network probe in the CFRP reinforcing member (3) through interface interaction, so that the overall and local state information measurement of the composite structure and the full-course information monitoring of the interface damage degradation process are realized;
the method comprises the following specific steps: designing the layer thickness and the geometric dimension of the CFRP material and the distributed optical fibers and the quasi-distributed grating strings which are longitudinally and transversely arranged and are embedded in the CFRP layered material and are arranged in a U shape according to the geometric physical characteristics, the reinforcement and the test requirements of the matrix; the CFRP layered material embedded with the optical fiber sensing network is subjected to primary forming by adopting a vacuum bag pressing technology, the CFRP reinforcing member is subjected to secondary forming by adopting an autoclave forming technology, so that an optical fiber sensing network probe which gives consideration to overall higher precision and local high-precision global full-scale testing is formed, and the optical path communication state of the optical fiber sensing network probe is detected by adopting a laser;
detecting the structural performance and the sensing performance of the CFRP reinforcing member through a base material tensile test, and applying impact load and fatigue load on the basis to test the deformation, the strength and the durability of the CFRP reinforcing member under the action of different working conditions;
according to the bearing characteristics and the resistance recovery requirements of the matrix structure, a high-strength adhesive is adopted to adhere the CFRP reinforcing member to a specific position of the matrix, and meanwhile, optical fiber demodulation equipment and a matched computer are adopted to demodulate, store and output the temperature and temperature stress change characteristics in the forming process of the composite structure of the CFRP reinforcing matrix respectively;
in the bearing process of the composite structure, an optical fiber sensing network probe in the CFRP reinforcing member continuously monitors the temperature, stress and deformation state information of the CFRP reinforcing member in real time, and whether the reinforcing effect reaches an expected design value is evaluated according to the information;
in the long-term service process of the composite structure, the optical fiber sensing network probe in the reinforcing member continuously tracks the structural state information, the degradation process before/after the interface damage occurs and the failure mode for a long time, and establishes an interface damage failure mechanism model by combining with the interface mechanics effect related theory, so that the overall and local state information measurement, the interface damage degradation process characterization and the full-history information monitoring of the structure safety of the composite structure are realized.
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