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CN111151745B - Modification method of iron-based material - Google Patents

Modification method of iron-based material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111151745B
CN111151745B CN201911381987.5A CN201911381987A CN111151745B CN 111151745 B CN111151745 B CN 111151745B CN 201911381987 A CN201911381987 A CN 201911381987A CN 111151745 B CN111151745 B CN 111151745B
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iron
based material
printing
scanning speed
laser
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CN111151745A (en
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严鹏飞
张恩潇
袁宇康
严彪
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a modification method of an iron-based material, which is characterized in that a coil iron-based sample is modified by changing 3D printing laser parameters, so that various magnetic property specific samples are obtained, and a parameter group with high property performance is screened out through a direct-current soft magnetic test, an xrd test and the like and popularized.

Description

Modification method of iron-based material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a modification method of an iron-based material.
Background
At present, the modification method for the iron-based material mainly changes the components and the formula of the iron-based material, or improves the preparation process of the iron-based material, such as a heat treatment process, a processing process and the like, so as to change the performance of the iron-based material.
The iron-based material can be printed by 3D to obtain samples with different styles, such as square circle samples or texture twins. In the 3D printing process, a metal melting laser engraving 3D printing instrument can set laser parameters (including laser power and scanning speed), and at present, no research is carried out on how to adjust the set laser parameters to realize the change of the performance of the iron-based material.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims at providing one kind of iron-base material modifying process to overcome the demerits of available technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a modification method of an iron-based material is characterized in that the inter-atomic melting state is further adjusted by adjusting 3D printing laser parameters, so that the sample performance is influenced, and the iron-based material is modified.
Furthermore, the invention adjusts the interatomic melting state by adjusting the parameters of the 3D printing laser, thereby adjusting the orientation direction characteristic of the sample and modifying the iron-based material.
Further, the method for adjusting the 3D printing laser parameters comprises the following steps: in the range of 0-200W of laser power, the laser power is adjusted to be large so that the more complete the interatomic melting, the smaller the voids.
Further, adjusting the laser power from 30-60W as the initial laser power, gradually increasing by 5-10W to 190W each time, and screening out a parameter group with high Bs (saturation magnetic) and mum by performing a direct-current soft magnetic test on a printed sample; XRD tests were also performed to test if there was a difference in orientation, which in turn resulted in higher Bs, μmThe performance proves that the iron-based material is modified by the change of the laser power if the sample has the difference of the orientation direction.
Further, the method for adjusting the 3D printing laser parameters comprises: within the range of the scanning speed of 100-.
Further, adjusting the laser scanning speed to be 300mm/s as the initial laser scanning speed, increasing the laser scanning speed by 50mm/s each time until the laser scanning speed reaches 1000mm/s, and screening out parameter groups with high Bs and mum by performing a direct-current soft magnetic test on a printed sample; XRD tests were also performed to test if there was a difference in orientation, which in turn resulted in higher Bs, μmThe performance proves that the iron-based material is modified by the change of the laser scanning speed if the sample has the difference of the orientation direction.
Further, under the conditions that the laser scanning speed is between 600-700mm/s and the laser power is 65-75W, the magnetic performance (saturation induction density and saturation permeability) of the iron-based material has higher level, wherein Bs is at most more than 2.2T, mumUp to more than 7000.
Further, the iron-based material is a square-ring-shaped sample or a structural twinning formed by 3D technology printing.
According to the invention, by adjusting the design parameters of 3D printing (namely changing the laser scanning speed and the laser power), the iron-based material can generate larger difference (embodied in an XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern) in the orientation direction, so that the magnetic property of the material is improved (for example, Bs of a sample is more than 2.2T, and the mum is more than 8000).
Further screening out the magnetic particles with high Bs and mu by a direct-current soft magnetic testmThe parameter set of (1); simultaneously carrying out XRD test to test whether the sample has the difference of the orientation direction, if the sample has the difference of the orientation direction, the Bs and the mu are proved to be caused by changing the design parameters of the 3D printing (namely changing the laser scanning speed and the laser power)mThe performance changes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is different from the modification of other isotropic novel soft magnetic alloys, and the invention obtains a complex structure orientation structure to improve the magnetic property or obtain the specific magnetic property by laser melting treatment. Higher magnetic performance indicates Bs>2.0T, or μm>8000, specific magnetic property means Br, Pu is different from normal ferromagnetic product, such as Br>1.0T or Pu equal to about 0 (Pu was also obtained in the experiment)>105J/m3) Or there is a large difference in the above three properties from the same batch of printed samples.
The invention can adjust the orientation characteristics of the square ring sample by changing the parameters, thereby printing a product with specific magnetic characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a laser power and laser scanning speed setting interface during printing;
FIG. 2 is an XRD test result pattern of a sample printed under different laser powers at an initial rotation angle of 90 degrees and a rotation increment of 0 degree, which is a basic data and is constant in each printing process, when the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s, wherein three main crystal faces of alpha-Fe are marked in the pattern;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the peak area of each peak in XRD test results and the peak area of standard α -Fe, wherein the peak areas are expressed in percentage based on the (110) plane;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a constructive twin structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
In the previous experiment, square circles with a printing direction of 45 degrees and structural twins are respectively set, the laser power is unchanged in each printing process, but the laser power of each printing process is increased by 5W to 190W from 30W, so that the laser power is different in 3D printing of samples of different batches. The interface for setting parameters during printing is shown in fig. 1.
The laser scanning speed was 500mm/s for each printing pass.
Through multiple printing analysis, the direct-current soft magnetic test result of the square ring is the best when the laser power is 75W (the initial rotation angle is 45 degrees, and the rotation increment is 0 degrees), the square ring mu i with the printing direction of 45 degrees reaches 0.19739mH/m, and compared with the square ring mu i with the printing direction of 45 degrees under other conditions (different laser power of printing), the square ring mu i with the printing direction of 45 degrees floats around 0.1 mH/m.
It can be seen that there is significant specificity for the printed square circles μ i at different laser frequencies, while the constructive twinning shows high Bs (2.1312T).
The printing direction is 45 ° and refers to the initial rotation angle. In this embodiment, the initial rotation angle is 45 °, and the rotation increment is 0 ° as basic data, and is kept constant in each printing.
FIG. 2 is an XRD test result pattern of a sample printed under different laser powers at an initial rotation angle of 90 degrees and a rotation increment of 0 degree, which is a basic data and is constant in each printing process, when the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s, wherein three main crystal faces of alpha-Fe are marked in the pattern; FIG. 3 is a graph showing the peak area of each peak in XRD test results and the peak area of standard α -Fe, wherein the peak areas are expressed in percentage based on the (110) plane.
Fig. 2 and 3 illustrate the difference in orientation, i.e., at the position of the abscissa 45 in fig. 2.
The twin structure is shown in fig. 4, and the arrow in fig. 4 is a laser scanning path.
Example 2
In the experiment, square circles with the printing directions of 45 degrees and 90 degrees are respectively set, the laser scanning speed is unchanged in each printing process, but the laser scanning speed of each printing process is increased by 25mm/s to 800mm/s from 300mm/s, so that the laser scanning speed is different in 3D printing of samples of different batches.
The laser power was 75W per printing pass.
Through multiple printing analysis, the direct-current soft magnetic test result of the square ring at the laser scanning speed of 550mm/s (the initial rotation angle is 90 degrees, and the rotation increment is 0 degrees) is the best, and the Bs of the square ring reaches the highest value of all batches of samples: 2.2055T
Here, the printing direction is a 45 ° direction (90 ° direction), that is, an initial rotation angle. In this embodiment, the initial rotation angle is 45 ° (90 °), and the rotation increment is 0 ° as basic data, and is kept constant in each printing.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The method for modifying the iron-based material is characterized in that the performance of a sample is influenced by adjusting the 3D printing laser parameters and further adjusting the interatomic melting state, so that the iron-based material is modified;
adjusting the laser scanning speed from 300mm/s as the initial laser scanning speed, gradually increasing by 50mm/s each time until 1000mm/s, and screening out a parameter group with high Bs (saturation magnetic) and mum by performing a direct-current soft magnetic test on a printed sample; XRD tests were also performed to test if there was a difference in orientation, which in turn resulted in higher Bs, μmThe performance proves that if the sample has the difference of the orientation direction, the modification of the iron-based material is caused by the change of the laser scanning speed;
the laser scanning speed is between 600-700mm/s, andunder the condition that the laser power is 65-75W, the saturation induction density and saturation permeability of the iron-based material have higher levels, wherein Bs is higher than 2.2T at most, and mumUp to more than 7000;
the iron-based material is a square-ring-shaped sample or structural twins formed by 3D technology printing.
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