CN111150385A - Wearable blood flow velocity sensor based on piezoelectric film - Google Patents
Wearable blood flow velocity sensor based on piezoelectric film Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0247—Pressure sensors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wearable blood flow velocity sensor based on piezoelectric films, which is characterized by comprising at least two piezoelectric film sensors, wherein all the piezoelectric film sensors are placed on the skin at different positions of a human body, each piezoelectric film sensor corresponds to different parts of the same blood vessel, the pulse transmitted to the heart on the surface of the skin through muscles and skin tissues is detected through the piezoelectric film sensors, a pulse voltage is generated between electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric film sensors under the action of a piezoelectric effect, the pulse voltages generated by the two different piezoelectric film sensors are acquired at the two different parts of the blood vessel, and the average flow velocity of blood between the two different piezoelectric film sensors is deduced by judging the time interval of the two pulse voltages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wearable blood flow rate sensor, in particular to a wearable blood flow rate sensor taking a piezoelectric film as a core sensor.
Background
Most of the conventional blood flow velocity measurement schemes employ ultrasonic doppler measurement, laser doppler measurement, and the like. The ultrasonic Doppler measurement method utilizes the Doppler effect and has the working principle that: the ultrasonic wave source is fixed, blood flowing in the blood vessel and the ultrasonic wave source move relatively, so that the Doppler effect is generated by the ultrasonic wave reflected by blood cells, when the blood moves towards the ultrasonic source, the frequency of the reflected wave is high, and when the blood moves away from the ultrasonic source, the frequency of the reflected wave is low. The frequency of the echo wave is compared with the frequency of the transmitting wave, and the velocity of the blood flow velocity can be deduced through a Doppler effect formula. The laser doppler measurement method changes the source of the waves from ultrasound to laser, and basically has the same working principle as the ultrasonic doppler measurement method.
The existing blood flow velocity measurement schemes such as ultrasonic Doppler and laser Doppler have the advantage of high precision, but all rely on the use of large-scale equipment, the charging is expensive, and a patient needs to specially go to a hospital for measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing blood flow rate measuring means has the defects of large volume, expensive equipment and difficulty in long-time measurement.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a wearable blood flow rate sensor based on piezoelectric thin films, which is characterized by comprising at least two piezoelectric thin film sensors, wherein all the piezoelectric thin film sensors are placed on the skin at different positions of a human body, each piezoelectric thin film sensor corresponds to different parts of the same blood vessel, the pulse transmitted to the heart on the surface of the skin through muscle and skin tissue is detected through the piezoelectric thin film sensors, a pulse voltage is generated between electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of each piezoelectric thin film sensor under the action of a piezoelectric effect, the pulse voltages generated by the two different piezoelectric thin film sensors are acquired at two different parts of the blood vessel, and the average flow speed of blood between the two different piezoelectric thin film sensors is deduced by judging the time interval of the two pulse voltages.
Preferably, the piezoelectric film sensor is disposed along an artery.
Preferably, the acquisition module acquires pulse voltage output by the piezoelectric film sensor, the acquired pulse voltage is amplified by the low-noise amplifier module and then converted into a digital signal, the digital signal is transmitted to the intelligent terminal through a wireless communication protocol or is stored in the memory, the intelligent terminal processes the digital signal or processes the digital signal in the memory after the digital signal is read by the on-chip processor, and a related detection method or a machine learning method is adopted to calculate the blood flow rate during processing.
Preferably, the pulse voltage amplified by the low noise amplifier module is converted into a digital signal by an on-chip processor.
Preferably, the intelligent terminal and the on-chip processor perform bidirectional communication, and on one hand, the intelligent terminal receives and processes the digital signal sent by the on-chip processor; in another aspect, the intelligent terminal controls the sampling rate, accuracy, and start/stop testing of the on-chip processor.
Preferably, the intelligent terminal is a mobile phone or a computer.
Preferably, the intelligent terminal displays the calculated blood flow rate in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a wearable blood flow rate measurement scheme which can provide blood flow rate data for various health and medical APP by being connected with a computer or a smart phone. (2) The wearable blood flow velocity sensor can be arranged on a plurality of parts such as wrist, neck and leg, and can monitor the blood flow velocity of different parts of the body. (3) The device does not need high-value large equipment, can provide all-weather blood flow velocity detection, and achieves the capability of prompting and early warning the occurrence and early symptoms of various cardiovascular diseases.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an example of a sensor application;
fig. 2 is a functional schematic block diagram of the wearable blood flow rate sensor, which mainly includes a pressure sensor 1 made of PVDF piezoelectric material, a low noise amplifier 2, a single chip microcomputer 3, a power module 4, and a bluetooth antenna 5.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The present invention is based on the following prior art:
blood flow rate: the blood flow rate refers to the speed of blood flowing in blood vessels, and the measurement of the blood flow rate can estimate the pumping capacity of the heart and the fluidity of the blood, and provides a diagnosis basis for cardiovascular diseases and blood diseases.
The test principle is as follows: when the heart transfuses blood to other parts of the body through contraction of the left ventricle, the arterial wall is slightly dilated by pressure for a short time and advances with the forward flow of blood, which is called pulse. Obviously, the advancing speed of the pulse wave is consistent with the blood flow velocity, and the time for the pulse to reach different positions of the blood vessel is different, so the pulse at different positions of the blood vessel has a time delay relation. At the same time, this expansion is conducted to the body surface through muscle and skin tissue, which can be detected by measuring the local pressure on the skin surface.
Wearable sensor: wearable devices are now widely used in the consumer electronics industry, typically integrated into everyday items and accessories, such as watches, glasses, belts, and clothing and shoes. Compared with the classical medical measurement means, the wearable physical sign measurement scheme has incomparable precision, can save a complex detection process, and more importantly can measure the physical signs of a measured person all the time, and especially when the measured person is in motion or enters an environment where a test instrument is not convenient to deploy, the wearable sensor can provide a real-time measurement scheme. In addition, the sensor integrated on the watch and other civil devices can provide long-term monitoring for the physical signs of the person to be detected, and plays an important role in the treatment of chronic diseases and early warning of various diseases.
Piezoelectric film: when the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric film generate electric charges under the action of mechanical pressure, the electric charges are accumulated between the electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces to form voltage. The pressure applied to the film can be calculated by detecting the voltage between the electrodes. The piezoelectric film may be made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which is a single-chain synthetic polymer having piezoelectricity, pyroelectric property, and ferroelectricity, or lead zirconate titanate (PZT), or other piezoelectric materials, and has excellent chemical stability, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility. The method is suitable for manufacturing wearable measuring equipment.
And (3) correlation detection: if there is a delay relationship between two signals, the time difference can be found by calculating the cross-correlation coefficient. The specific method is that one path of signal (signal a) is fixed, a variable delay is added to the other path of signal (signal b), the signal b added with different delays is multiplied by the signal a and then integrated to obtain the delay-cross correlation function of the two paths of signals, and the most possible delay size of the two groups of signals can be obtained at the peak value of the delay-cross correlation function.
Based on the prior art, the wearable blood flow velocity sensor based on the piezoelectric film disclosed by the invention specifically comprises the following contents:
when the heart transfuses blood to other parts of the body through pulsation, the artery wall generates weak expansion in a short time under the action of pressure and advances along with the forward flow of blood, the advancing speed of the wave is consistent with the flow speed of the blood, and the time delay relationship exists among pulses at different positions of blood vessels. At the same time, this pulsation is conducted through the muscle and skin tissue to the skin surface, which can be detected by detecting the local pressure on the skin surface. This expansion is transmitted to the piezoelectric film sensor, such as a PVDF sensor, which generates a pulse voltage between the electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces due to the piezoelectric effect. The average flowing speed of the blood between the two points can be deduced by detecting different parts of the blood vessel and judging the time interval of the two pulses.
Firstly, piezoelectric films, such as PVDF piezoelectric film modules A and B, are respectively placed above arteries of a human body, such as the flexible artery of an elbow (or can be arranged at other positions, such as the neck or the calf and the like according to actual test requirements, but should be arranged along the arteries), two modules respectively collect pulse signals at two different positions above the flexible artery of the elbow, and after the pulse signals are respectively amplified by a low-noise amplifier module, an on-chip processor, such as an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) built in a single chip Microcomputer (MCU), is used for converting the pulse signals into two groups of digital signals. The two paths of digital signals can be transmitted to a mobile phone or a computer through a wireless communication protocol, such as Bluetooth, Zigbee (Zigbee), WIFI (wireless fidelity) and the like, or stored in a memory on the module. The measured signals are then processed in an on-chip processor, or in a processor of a cell phone or computer, for example by correlation detection or by machine learning, to calculate the flow rate of the blood. Meanwhile, the blood flow rate can be displayed in a mobile device program, such as a mobile phone program, or a computer program. As an example, the MCU communicates bi-directionally with a computer or a cell phone via the bluetooth protocol. On one hand, the computer or the mobile phone configures a program of the MCU through the Bluetooth to control the sampling rate and the precision of the ADC, start/stop testing and the like. On the other hand, the MCU transmits two digitized acoustic signals to a computer or a mobile phone, on the computer or the mobile phone, the cross-correlation function of the two signals is obtained, the maximum value point of the cross-correlation function is found, namely the value of the obtained delay, and the distance between the two probes is known (can be obtained by direct measurement), so that the flow velocity of arterial blood can be directly calculated, or the flow velocity of arterial blood is calculated by adopting a machine learning method and then displayed in the mobile phone and the computer.
The preferred mode of implementing the invention will now be described by taking a wrist-worn blood flow rate sensor as an example in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2:
the wearable blood flow rate sensor comprises a piezoelectric film probe, such as a PVDF piezoelectric probe 1, a low noise amplifier 2, a singlechip 3, a power supply 4, a Bluetooth antenna 5, an accessory for wearing a shell and the like.
During measurement, the sensor is fixed at the position above the radial artery at the front end of the arm, close to the outer side of the wrist joint, by using the wrist strap.
The singlechip passes through bluetooth antenna and receives configuration information and test start signal from smart mobile phone or pc, and two piezoelectric film probes, for example PVDF piezoelectric probe set up along scratching the artery, measure the pressure variation on two position surfaces on skin surface in succession, and after the voltage signal at PVDF film both ends passes through low noise amplifier's amplification, the inside ADC of singlechip is converted into digital signal, deposits two different arrays separately: storing the probe data at the proximal side into an array a, storing the probe data at the distal side into an array b, performing correlation detection on the two groups of data once every 1 second (adding different delays to the array b, multiplying each delay value by the array a, integrating the time to obtain correlation coefficients of signals a and b under different delays, sequencing the correlation coefficients corresponding to all the obtained delay points, and sending the test result to a smart phone or a pc through a Bluetooth antenna, wherein the found maximum point is the most possible delay time point).
The power module provides stable voltage for the amplifier and the singlechip through the battery and the voltage stabilizing circuit, and simultaneously provides charging management for the battery through the charging management circuit.
Claims (7)
1. The wearable blood flow velocity sensor is characterized by comprising at least two piezoelectric film sensors, wherein all the piezoelectric film sensors are placed on the skin at different positions of a human body, each piezoelectric film sensor corresponds to different parts of the same blood vessel, the beat of the heart conducted to the surface of the skin through muscles and skin tissues is detected through the piezoelectric film sensors, a pulse voltage is generated between electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of each piezoelectric film sensor under the action of a piezoelectric effect, the pulse voltages generated by the two different piezoelectric film sensors are acquired at the two different parts of the blood vessel, and the average flow velocity of blood between the two different piezoelectric film sensors is deduced by judging the time interval of the two pulse voltages.
2. The piezoelectric film-based wearable blood flow rate sensor of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric film sensor is disposed along an artery.
3. The wearable blood flow rate sensor based on piezoelectric film according to claim 1, wherein the collection module collects the pulse voltage output by the piezoelectric film sensor, the collected pulse voltage is amplified by the low noise amplifier module and then converted into a digital signal, the digital signal is transmitted to the intelligent terminal through a wireless communication protocol or the digital signal is stored in the memory, the intelligent terminal processes the digital signal or the on-chip processor reads the digital signal in the memory and then processes the digital signal, and the related detection method or the machine learning method is used to calculate the blood flow rate during the processing.
4. The wearable blood flow rate sensor based on piezoelectric film according to claim 3, wherein the pulse voltage amplified by the low noise amplifier module is converted into a digital signal by the on-chip processor.
5. The piezoelectric film-based wearable blood flow rate sensor according to claim 4, wherein the intelligent terminal is in two-way communication with the on-chip processor, and the intelligent terminal receives the digital signal sent by the on-chip processor; in another aspect, the intelligent terminal controls the sampling rate, accuracy, and start/stop testing of the on-chip processor.
6. The wearable blood flow rate sensor based on piezoelectric film according to claim 3, wherein the smart terminal is a mobile phone or a computer.
7. The piezoelectric film-based wearable blood flow rate sensor of claim 3, wherein the intelligent terminal displays the calculated blood flow rate in real time.
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| CN202010042423.5A CN111150385A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Wearable blood flow velocity sensor based on piezoelectric film |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113768591A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-10 | 遵义医科大学附属医院 | Percutaneous nephroscope puncture sheath capable of regulating and controlling intra-renal pressure |
| CN114878372A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-09 | 中南大学 | Method for determining parallel resistance value in process of testing explosive load in PVDF current mode |
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Application publication date: 20200515 |