CN111154870B - 一种鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估的生物标记 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术领域,特别是涉及一种鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估的生物标记。MiR‑449b‑3p/ADAM17/NF‑κB蛋白作为生物标记物在制备鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估试剂、试剂盒或检测装置中的应用。本发明提供了一种鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估的生物标记。在本发明中,ADAM17活化的NF‑κB通过与miR‑449b‑3p启动子结合而负调节miR‑449b‑3p表达。本发明在miR‑449b‑3p,ADAM17和NF‑κB驱动的NPC转移中揭示了新的反馈环。该环可能揭示NPC转移和治疗失败的新分子机制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,特别是涉及一种鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估的生物标记。
背景技术
鼻咽癌(NPC)是东南亚最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有独特的特征,与 Epstein-Barr病毒密切相关,转移率高。超过70%的鼻咽癌患者经常被诊断为晚期,这种情况与早期阶段隐藏症状导致的预后不良有关。放疗联合化疗可改善晚期鼻咽癌患者的局部区域控制,但远处转移仍是治疗失败的主要原因。因此,必须通过靶向一些候选分子来降低远处转移的速率。不幸的是,人们对 NPC转移的潜在分子机制知之甚少。鼻咽癌是指发生于鼻咽腔顶部和侧壁的恶性肿瘤,是我国高发恶性肿瘤之一,发病率为耳鼻咽喉恶性肿瘤之首。鼻咽癌的发病部位隐蔽,早期症状不明显,难以早期发现,误诊误治率高。因此,对鼻咽癌进行筛查和诊断,尤其是创伤性低、取材方便的体液检查,对进行早期治疗,提高患者生存率具有重要意义。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类约22个核苷酸(nt)的非编码单链RNA分子,在真核生物中可负调控基因表达。mirna 在肿瘤进展中起重要作用,包括凋亡、增殖、侵袭和迁移。许多mirna,如 miR-23a、miR-34a、miR-203a-3p、miR-101,都与鼻咽癌转移相关。然而,寻找新的鼻咽癌预测和治疗的分子靶点仍然具有挑战性。miR-449家族(miR-449a, miR-449b,miR-449c)对肿瘤转移影响的研究较少。Sandbothe等报道,miR- 449家族作为肝癌的抑癌基因,能够抑制细胞迁移,诱导细胞死亡;然而,miR- 449家族在鼻咽癌转移中的研究尚未见报道。
解聚素和金属蛋白酶17(ADAM17)是ADAM家族的成员,可以处理单一的跨膜蛋白,如生长因子、细胞因子、趋化因子、疾病的受体和调节剂等。ADAM17 在几种人类肿瘤中过表达,如鼻咽癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌。
NF-κB可作为NPC细胞转化和肿瘤发生过程中的转录因子(TF)。基于在线数据集搜索,本发明发现miR-449b-3p启动子中存在两个推定的NF-κB结合位点。此外,ADAM17可通过促进TNF信号传导来激活NF-κB信号通路。因此,本发明假设ADAM17可能通过激活NF-κB来调节miR-449b-3p的表达。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估的生物标记。在本发明中,ADAM17活化的NF-κB通过与miR-449b-3p启动子结合而负调节miR-449b-3p 表达。本发明在miR-449b-3p,ADAM17和NF-κB驱动的NPC转移中揭示了新的反馈环。该环可能揭示NPC转移和治疗失败的新分子机制。
本发明的技术方案如下:
MiR-449b-3p/ADAM17/NF-κB蛋白作为生物标记物在制备鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估试剂、试剂盒或检测装置中的应用。
检测MiR-449b-3p/ADAM17/NF-κB蛋白表达的产品在鼻咽癌转移诊断和/或预后评估中的应用。
一种鼻咽癌检测试剂盒,其特征在于,包括与MiR-449b-3p/ADAM17/NF- κB蛋白特异性结合的检测物。
所述检测物包括与MiR-449b-3p/ADAM17/NF-κB蛋白特异性结合的引物对、探针和抗体中的至少一种。
所述引物对序列如下:5'-GCATTCTCAAGTCTCCACAAG-3'和5'-CCTCATTCGGGGCACATTCTG-3'用于ADAM17,5'-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3'和5'-AACGCTTCACGAATT TGCGT-3'用于U6和5'-GGACTTCGAGCAAGAGATGG-β-肌动蛋白的3'5'-AGCACTGTGTTGGCGTACAG-3';2-ΔΔCt-方法用于计算ADAM17和miR- 449b-3p表达的倍数变化。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明揭示异常下调的miR-449b-3p靶向ADAM17以促进NPC转移,并且ADAM17活化的NF-κB可依次转录抑制miR-449b-3p基因表达(如图7H中总结的)。理论上,miR-449b-3p,NF-κB抑制剂和ADAM17 干扰可用于抑制NPC临床治疗中的转移。这项研究提供了对NPC侵袭和转移潜在机制的潜在新见解,并揭示了一种新的miR-449b-3p抑制NPC的转移的调节环。新出现的大量证据促进了对microRNAs(miRNAs)在肿瘤发生和进展中的作用的理解,但miRNAs在鼻咽癌(NPC)发展中的调节功能仍未得到充分阐明。在本发明中,本发明证明了miR-449b-3p在NPC标本(p<0.001)和细胞(p <0.05)中被下调。细胞学和动物实验证明miR-449b-3p能够抑制鼻咽癌的体内外转移。此外,揭示了解整合素和金属蛋白酶17(ADAM17)作为miR-449b-3p 的直接靶标。拯救实验表明,miR-449b-3p中ADAM17的下调抑制了细胞,部分逆转了对细胞侵袭和迁移的抑制作用。荧光素酶报告基因测定、ChIP测定和 Western印迹分析表明,ADAM17可以通过诱导NF-κB转录活动而相反地抑制启动子活性和miR-449b-3p的表达。总之,本发明的研究为NPC侵袭和转移的潜在机制提供了新的见解。NPC中的新型MiR-449b-3p/ADAM17/NF-κB反馈回路可能是NPC临床治疗的潜在靶点。
附图说明
图1A为本发明的MiR-449b-3p在鼻咽癌组织中的表达水平下调示意图。
图1B为本发明的GEO数据库(GSE36682)的证实示意图。
图1C本发明的鼻咽癌细胞系的miR-449b-3p表达明显低于长生代鼻咽癌上皮细胞NP-69的示意图。
图2A为本发明选择了CNE2和SUNE1细胞进行进一步的研究,通过恢复miR- 449b-3p在这两个细胞系中的表达的示意图。
图2B为本发明mir-449b-3psd对SUNE1和CNE2细胞的增殖、集落形成和凋亡没有显著影响的示意图之一。
图2C为本发明mir-449b-3psd对SUNE1和CNE2细胞的增殖、集落形成和凋亡没有显著影响的示意图之二。
图2D为本发明mir-449b-3psd对SUNE1和CNE2细胞的增殖、集落形成和凋亡没有显著影响的示意图之三。
图2E为本发明miR-449b-3p过表达显著抑制鼻咽癌细胞侵袭示意图。
图2F本发明miR-449b-3p过表达显著抑制鼻咽癌细胞迁移示意图之一。
图2G本发明miR-449b-3p过表达显著抑制鼻咽癌细胞迁移示意图之二。
图3A为本发明选择了CNE2和SUNE1细胞进行进一步的研究,通过下调miR- 449b-3p在这两个细胞系中的表达的示意图。
图3B为本发明miR-449b-3p抑制则产生相反的作用示意图之一。
图3C为本发明miR-449b-3p抑制则产生相反的作用示意图之二。
图3D为本发明miR-449b-3p抑制则产生相反的作用示意图之三。
图2H为本发明vimentin、N-cadherin、Snail、ZEB1水平显著降低示意图。
图3E为本发明miR-449b-3p抑制作用相反示意图。
图4A为本发明建立鼻咽癌异种移植瘤模型和自发淋巴结转移模型示意图。
图4B为本发明还采用免疫组化(IHC)来评估包括E-cadherin和vimentin 在内的emt相关基因在原发肿瘤示意图。
图4C为本发明淋巴结转移瘤示意图。
图5A为本发明ADAM17和miR-449b-3p之间的结合序列。
图5B为本发明Western blot分析示意图。
图5C为本发明qRT-PCR分析示意图。
图5D为本发明使用qRT-PCR印迹进行验证示意图。
图5E为本发明Transwell和伤口愈合测定表明ADAM17沉默显着抑制CNE2和 SUNE1细胞的侵袭和迁移示意图之一。
图5F为本发明Transwell和伤口愈合测定表明ADAM17沉默显着抑制CNE2和 SUNE1细胞的侵袭和迁移示意图之二。
图5G为本发明Transwell和伤口愈合测定表明ADAM17沉默显着抑制CNE2和 SUNE1细胞的侵袭和迁移示意图之三。
图5H为本发明使用Western印迹进行验证示意图。
图6A为本发明将SUNE1和CNE2细胞与miR-449b-3p抑制剂或阴性对照以及ADAM17-siRNA或对照-siRNA共转染以确认ADAM17是否是miR-449b-3p的功能性靶标之一.ADAM17的敲低被阻断miR-449b-3p抑制剂对NPC细胞迁移和侵袭的积极作示意图之一。
图6B为本发明将SUNE1和CNE2细胞与miR-449b-3p抑制剂或阴性对照以及ADAM17-siRNA或对照-siRNA共转染以确认ADAM17是否是miR-449b-3p的功能性靶标之一.ADAM17的敲低被阻断miR-449b-3p抑制剂对NPC细胞迁移和侵袭的积极作示意图之二。
图6C为本发明将SUNE1和CNE2细胞与miR-449b-3p抑制剂或阴性对照以及ADAM17-siRNA或对照-siRNA共转染以确认ADAM17是否是miR-449b-3p的功能性靶标之一.ADAM17的敲低被阻断miR-449b-3p抑制剂对NPC细胞迁移和侵袭的积极作示意图之三。
图7A为本发明49b-3p的启动子区含有两个推定的NF-κB结合位点:-616 至-416(P1)和-500至-300(P2)。
图7B为本发明ChIP测定显示P1+P2具有与NF-κB的结合活性示意图之一。
图7C为本发明ChIP测定显示P1+P2具有与NF-κB的结合活性示意图之二。
图7D为本发明NF-κB抑制剂增加miR-449b-3p表达示意图。
图7E显示本发明ADAM17沉默促进成熟miR-449b-3p在NPC细胞中的表达。
图7F显示本发明ADAM17沉默促进成熟原代miR-449b-3p(pri miR-449b- 3p)在NPC细胞中的表达。
图7G显示本发明ADAM17的敲低降低了核内NF-κB表达。
图7H显示本发明ADAM17激活的NF-κB可以在转录水平抑制miR-449b-3p 的表达。
图8为本发明荧光素酶报告基因测定显示P1和P2是NF-κB的活性结合位点示意图。
具体实施方式
为了方便理解本发明的上述技术方案,以下通过具体使用方式上对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明:
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
材料和方法
患者样本
从江苏省肿瘤医院放射肿瘤科收治的患者中共获得24例新鲜冷冻NPC样本 (I-II期:6例患者;III-IV期:18例)和4例正常鼻咽上皮样本。所有肿瘤和正常样本均由病理学家确认。在将这些临床标本用于研究目的之前,研究方案经江苏省肿瘤医院的机构伦理审查委员会批准。在从Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo)获得的NPC组织中研究 miR-449b-3p的表达。
细胞系
五种人鼻咽癌细胞系(6-10B,CNE2,SUNE1,5-8F和HONE1)和一种永久的鼻咽上皮细胞系(NP69)获自江苏省肿瘤医院临床肿瘤研究中心(中国江苏南京))。将人NPC细胞系在补充有10%小牛血清(Gibco,Grand Island, USA)的RPMI-1640培养基(Corning,Manassas,VA,USA)中于37℃在5% CO2的潮湿气氛中培养。NP-69在含有牛垂体提取物(BDBiosciences,San Diego,CA,USA)的角质形成细胞/无血清培养基(Invitrogen)中繁殖,并在 37℃下饱和CO2中生长。
构建过表达miR-449b-3p的稳定细胞系
将miR-449b-3p的序列克隆到pGV309载体(GeneChem,Shanghai,China) 中。根据推荐的方案(GeneChem,Shanghai,China)将pGV309-449b-3p-载体或pGV309-载体(阴性对照;NC)转染到293FT细胞中。转染48小时后,收集表达miR-449b-3p(pGV309-449b-3p-载体)或NC空lenti-载体(pGV309-载体)的慢病毒并用于感染NPC细胞(SUNE1和CNE2)。通过应用嘌呤霉素选择稳定过表达miR-449b-3p的细胞,然后使用qRT-PCR验证。
细胞转染:根据制造商的方案,用miR-449b-3p-抑制剂/ADAM17-siRNA (RiboBioGuangzhou,China)转染SUNE1和CNE2细胞。应用Western印迹分析和qRT-PCR检测(Bio-Rad,Hercules,CA,USA)评估miR-449b-3p和 ADAM17的表达水平,并确认miR-449b-3p-抑制剂/ADAM17-siRNA的转染效率。
细胞活力测定和菌落形成测定:细胞活力测定根据文献“Black RA,Rauch CT,Kozlosky CJ,Peschon JJ,Slack JL,Wolfson MF,Castner BJ, Stocking KL,Reddy P,Srinivasan S,Nelson N,Boiani N,Schooley KA, Gerhart M,Davis R,Fitzner JN,Johnson RS,Paxton RJ,March CJ and Cerretti DP.A metalloproteinase disintegrinthat releases tumour- necrosis factor-alpha from cells.Nature 1997;385:729-733.”实现。应用细胞计数试剂盒-8(Beyotime,China)研究稳定转染细胞的生长曲线。在96孔板中以每孔1.5×103个细胞的密度一式三份接种NPC细胞。通过使用 ELX800分光光度板读数器(Bio-Tek,Winooski,VT,USA)在24,48和72小时后在490nm记录吸光度。在菌落形成实验中,稳定转染的细胞在6孔板中以每孔500个细胞的速度接种,在培养基中培养7-12天。采用结晶紫染色法观察菌落。用ImageJ对菌落进行计数,计数结果为细胞数>50。
流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡:将稳定转染的细胞在三个平行孔上以每孔5-7 ×10 5个细胞的密度接种在六孔板中。培养48小时后收集细胞,然后用冰冷的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)洗涤两次。通过使用膜联蛋白V-FITC/PI染色检测凋亡细胞。
入侵和迁移测试:Transwell插入物(8μm孔;Corning,New York,USA) 在24孔板中用于检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力。将在200μl无血清RPMI-1640培养基中培养的总共1×10 5个细胞加入上室(用于侵袭测定)或不用(用于迁移测定)基底膜基质(BD Biosciences,NewYork,USA)。然后,将500μl 含有20%FBS的完全培养基加入下室中。将细胞在37℃下培养24或48小时。通过使用棉签除去残留在上室底部的非迁移细胞,并且用4%甲醛固定通过上室底部侵入或迁移的细胞并用结晶紫染色。观察每个孔中的五个随机视野并在显微镜下以×200放大倍数计数。计算平均细胞数。
伤口愈合测定:伤口愈合测定用于检测细胞迁移能力。将NPC细胞在六孔板中孵育48小时直至90%汇合。然后,使用200μl移液管产生人造平行划痕,并使用PBS洗去自由漂浮的细胞。在伤害后0和24小时在光学显微镜下以× 100放大率捕获图像。
体内转移试验:为了研究miR-449b-3p是否抑制体内NPC转移,本发明构建了一种新的异种移植肿瘤模型并检测了自发淋巴结转移率。简言之,将20μ l表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的2×106CNE-1细胞的细胞悬浮液注射到无胸腺雄性小鼠的足垫中,所述雄性小鼠获自扬州大学医学中心(扬州,江苏,中国)。当NPC异种移植肿瘤体积达到60mm3时,5nmolmiR-449b-3p agomir 或agomir阴性对照(agomir NC)或miR-449b-3p antagomir或antagomir阴性对照(antagomir NC)(RiboBio,广州,中国))将20μl盐水缓冲液每天皮下注射到足底异种移植肿瘤中,连续5天。6周后,通过颈椎脱位处死小鼠。对具有pop淋巴结转移的小鼠进行计数并通过GFP确认。所有动物实验方案均符合中国南京原生物科学动物委员会的规定。
荧光素酶报告基因测定:应用荧光素酶报告基因测定法检测miR-449b-3p 和ADAM17 3'-UTR之间的结合。另外两种荧光素酶报告质粒(pGL3-basic-P1 和pGL3-basic-P2)用于miR-449b-3p启动子和NF-κB的结合检测。使用 Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA),用1μg特异性质粒共转染CNE2细胞。双荧光素酶报告基因测定系统(Promega)用于评估转染48小时后的荧光素酶活性。
ChIP测定:在4℃下,在细胞中加入含有50mM HEPES pH 7.5,150mM NaCl, 1mMEDTA,1%Triton X-100,0.1%脱氧胆酸钠和0.1%SDS的ChIP裂解缓冲液。用NF-κB抗体转染293T细胞后,用pCMV3-p65转染DNA-蛋白复合物。对照抗体为正常兔IgG(CST,#2729).qPCR分析和DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测通过使用特异性引物沉淀DNA。
免疫印迹分析:用含有蛋白酶抑制剂(苯基甲磺酰氟)的RIPA缓冲液 (Beyotime,Shanghai,China)裂解处理过的细胞,得到总蛋白质。BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒(Beyotime,Shanghai,China)用于定量蛋白质浓度,每个蛋白质样品20mg用于Western印迹分析。本发明涉及的抗体包括单克隆抗 ADAM17抗体(1:1000;Abcam,HK,ab2051),抗NF-κBp65抗体(1:1000; CST,USA,#8242),抗核基因-p84抗体(1:1000;Abcam,HK,ab487),抗β-肌动蛋白抗体(1:2000;CST,USA,#3700),抗E-钙粘蛋白抗体(1: 1000;CST,USA,#14472),抗N-cadherin抗体(1:1000;CST,USA,# 13116),抗波形蛋白抗体(1:1000;CST,USA,#5741),抗Snail抗体(1: 2000;CST,USA,#3879),抗ZEB1抗体(1:2000;CST,USA,#3396),抗磷酸化IκBα抗体(1:2000;CST,USA,#2859),和抗磷酸化IKKβ抗体 (1:2000;美国科技委,#2697)。应用ECL检测试剂(Millipore, Billerica,MA,USA)以显现免疫反应条带。
免疫组织化学(IHC)染色:进行IHC染色以通过使用制造的试剂盒 (ZSGB-BIOInc.)评估来自裸鼠的组织样品中特定蛋白质的表达。单克隆抗 ADAM17抗体购自Abcam(HK,China,ab2051)。抗E-钙粘蛋白抗体获自CST (USA,#14472),抗波形蛋白抗体购自CST(USA,#5741)。
NF-κB抑制剂治疗:从Selleck Chemicals(Texas,USA,S7414)购买咖啡酸苯乙酯和NF-κB活化抑制剂并按照说明书施用。将SUNE1细胞在六孔板中孵育直至90%汇合,然后在每个孔中加入10μMNF-κB抑制剂。处理48小时后,提取蛋白质和RNA并进行相应的分析。
RNA提取和定量实时PCR(qRT-PCR):TRIzol试剂(Invitrogen, Carlsbad,CA)用于提取总RNA。将RiboBio(中国广州)设计的Bulge-Loop miR-449b-3p特异性RT引物或ADAM17随机引物(Promega)用于逆转录qRT- PCR。qRT-PCR在ABI7300实时PCR仪(Applied Bio-systems)中进行。U6 或β-肌动蛋白分别用作miR-449b-3p或ADAM17的内部对照。引物序列如下: 5'-GCATTCTCAAGTCTCCACAAG-3'和5'-CCTCATTCGGGGCACATTCTG-3'用于 ADAM17,5'-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3'和5'-AACGCTTCACGAATT TGCGT-3'用于U6和 5'-GGACTTCGAGCAAGAGATGG-β-肌动蛋白的3'5'-AGCACTGTGTTGGCGTACAG-3'。 2-ΔΔCt-方法用于计算ADAM17和miR-449b-3p表达的倍数变化。
统计分析:采用GraphPad Prism 5.0(GraphPad Software,San Diego, CA)进行统计分析,包括方差分析(ANOVA)和学生t检验。实验分别重复三次。数据以均数±标准差表示,p值<0.05、0.01、0.001为差异有统计学意义。
结果
MiR-449b-3p在鼻咽癌组织和细胞系中下调:与非癌组织相比,MiR-449b- 3p在鼻咽癌组织中的表达水平下调(图1A,P<0.001)。这一结果进一步得到了GEO数据库(GSE36682)的证实(图1B,P<0.001)。与此类似,鼻咽癌细胞系的miR-449b-3p表达明显低于长生代鼻咽癌上皮细胞NP-69(图1C)。总之, miR-449b-3p在鼻咽癌组织和细胞中表达下调,可能具有抑癌作用。
MiR-449b-3p在体外抑制鼻咽癌细胞的侵袭和迁移:根据鼻咽癌细胞miR- 449b-3p的表达水平,本发明选择了CNE2和SUNE1细胞进行进一步的研究。通过恢复(图2A)或下调(图3A)miR-449b-3p在这两个细胞系中的表达,评估 miR-449b-3p对inCNE2和SUNE1细胞凋亡、增殖和转移的影响。如图2所示,与对照组相比,mir-449b-3psd对SUNE1和CNE2细胞的增殖、集落形成和凋亡没有显著影响(图2B-D)。然而,miR-449b-3p过表达显著抑制鼻咽癌细胞迁移(图2F和2G)和侵袭(图2E),而miR-449b-3p抑制则产生相反的作用(图3B -D)。分析上皮间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白与肿瘤转移的关系。免疫印迹分析显示,在稳定过表达的miR-449b-3p细胞中,E-cadherin显著升高,而vimentin、N- cadherin、Snail、ZEB1水平显著降低(图2H),miR-449b-3p抑制作用相反 (图3E)。因此,miR-449b-3p可以抑制鼻咽癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。
实施例2
MiR-449b-3p在体内抑制鼻咽癌转移:基于以上体外实验结果,本发明进一步验证了miR-449b-3p在体内对鼻咽癌的影响。将稳定表达gfp2的CNE2细胞接种于雄性裸鼠足部,建立鼻咽癌异种移植瘤模型和自发淋巴结转移模型(图 4A)。将MiR-449b-3p agomir、control agomir、antagomir或control antagomir连续5天每日三次注入异种移植瘤,直到异种移植瘤体积达到60mm3。与体外结果一致,与对照组相比,阿格米尔组腘窝淋巴结转移小鼠数量减少,而安塔格米尔组增加(图4A)。此外,本发明还采用免疫组化(IHC)来评估包括 E-cadherin和vimentin在内的emt相关基因在原发肿瘤(图4B)和淋巴结转移瘤(图4C)中的表达情况。与对照组相比,阿格米尔组上皮细胞表型E-cadherin 明显增加,而波形蛋白在安塔格米尔组增加。因此,miR-449b-3p在体内抑制鼻咽癌的转移。
ADAM17是miR-449b-3p在鼻咽癌细胞中的直接靶点:利用TargetScan6.2 预测miR-449b-3p的下游靶点,探讨miR-449b-3p抑制鼻咽癌转移的机制。选择ADAM17作为miR-449b-3p的靶点,是因为ADAM17在鼻咽癌中过表达,能够促进鼻咽癌细胞转移。图5A显示了ADAM17和miR-449b-3p之间的结合序列。为了验证miR-449b-3p通过靶向其3’-UTR调控ADAM17表达的预测,本发明采用荧光素酶报告基因实验。miR-449b-3p模拟物显著抑制正常3'-UTR的荧光素酶活性,而突变3'-UTR几乎不受影响(图5A,P<0.01)。此外,Western blot分析(图5B)和qRT-PCR(图5C,P<0.05)显示,与miR-Ctrl相比,稳定过表达mir-449b-3p的细胞中ADAM17蛋白水平明显降低。
ADAM17-siRNA用于敲低SUNE1和CNE2细胞中的ADAM17表达以证实ADAM17 在NPC细胞侵袭和迁移中的作用,并且使用qRT-PCR和Western印迹进行验证 (图5D和H)。Transwell和伤口愈合测定表明ADAM17沉默显着抑制CNE2和 SUNE1细胞的侵袭和迁移(图5E-G)。此外,Western印迹分析表明,在 ADAM17-siRNA组中,E-钙粘蛋白显着增加,而N-钙粘蛋白,Snail,波形蛋白和ZEB1的水平显着降低(图5H)。总之,这些发现表明ADAM17是miR-449b-3p的下游靶标,并参与NPC细胞迁移和侵袭的调节。
ADAM17参与miR-449b-3p介导的肿瘤转移:将SUNE1和CNE2细胞与miR- 449b-3p抑制剂或阴性对照以及ADAM17-siRNA或对照-siRNA共转染以确认 ADAM17是否是miR-449b-3p的功能性靶标之一.ADAM17的敲低被阻断miR- 449b-3p抑制剂对NPC细胞迁移和侵袭的积极作用(图6A-C)。因此,miR- 449b-3p通过下调ADAM17介导NPC肿瘤抑制。
ADAM17激活的NF-κB转录抑制miR-449b-3p:本发明研究了调节miR- 449b-3p表达的上游分子。生物信息学分析显示miR-449b-3p的启动子区含有两个推定的NF-κB结合位点:-616至-416(P1)和-500至-300(P2)(图 7A)。本发明构建了两个荧光素酶报告质粒(pGL3-basic-P1和pGL3-basic-P2) 用于结合检测。荧光素酶报告基因测定显示P1和P2是NF-κB的活性结合位点 (图8)。因为P1接近P2,本发明为ChIP分析设计了P1+P2区域。类似地, ChIP测定显示P1+P2具有与NF-κB的结合活性(图7B,P<0.05)。NF-κB 抑制剂(咖啡酸苯乙酯)可以抑制NF-κB的磷酸化,从而阻断NF-κB的活化。本发明使用NF-κB抑制剂来验证NF-κB是否可以影响miR-449b-3p的表达。图7C表明在NPC细胞中成功抑制了NF-κB活性。此外,NF-κB抑制剂增加 miR-449b-3p表达(图7D,P<0.05)。ADAM17负责NF-κB信号通路的激活;因此,ADAM17可能通过NF-κB转录激活调节miR-449b-3p。图7E和图7F显示 ADAM17沉默促进成熟miR-449b-3p和原代miR-449b-3p(pri miR-449b-3p)在 NPC细胞中的表达,因此表明ADAM17可以在转录水平上调节miR-449b-3p的表达。另外,ADAM17的敲低降低了核内NF-κB表达(图7G)。因此,ADAM17激活的NF-κB可以在转录水平抑制miR-449b-3p的表达(图7H)。
结论:恶性肿瘤的远处转移是肿瘤治疗的挑战,NPC也不例外。NPC的转移特征是预后不良的主要原因,转移的位置涉及许多器官和组织,包括骨,肝颈,淋巴结和颅内区。控制复发和远处转移是改善鼻咽癌患者预后的关键。然而,鼻咽癌侵袭转移的分子机制尚不清楚。本发明发现了一种新的机制,描述 miR-449b-3p,ADAM17和NF-κB如何形成反馈环以驱动NPC转移。
首先,根据微阵列分析和组织样本和细胞系的验证,本发明发现miR- 449b-3p可能参与了鼻咽癌的发生和发展。Bissey P A等证明了miR-449b的失调改变了TGF-β通路,通过靶向NPC中的TGFBI诱导顺铂耐药。此外,与低 miR-449b表达患者相比,化学放射疗法治疗的NPC患者和高水平的miR-449b 显示出较差的五年总生存率(72.8对91.8%,p=0.017)。然而,低miR- 449b-3p表达与NPC的晚期相关。实体瘤患者处于晚期,因为这种现象表明肿瘤已经转移,从而导致预后不良。MiR-449b-3p可能参与NPC细胞的转移。体内和体外实验结果和临床数据显示miR-449b-3p抑制NPC转移。另外,miR- 449b-3p对SUNE1和CNE2细胞的增殖,菌落形成和凋亡没有影响。这两个研究的设计差异可能导致矛盾。一方面,两项研究的样本量不够大。需要进行大样本发明以进一步验证结论。另一方面,miR-449b不是miR-449b-3p的同义词,这种差异可能影响细胞实验。
其次,本发明首先报道ADAM17作为miR-449b-3p抑制NPC转移的功能靶点。 ADAM17可作为调节免疫反应,参与癌症发展的分子开关,在多种肿瘤细胞中过表达。这种酶可以释放关键的蛋白质前体分子,如EGFR,生长因子,TNF-α和粘附分子,这些分子参与肿瘤的发展和进展。之前的一项研究表明,与NP69细胞系相比,ADAM17在NPC细胞系中上调。一些研究侧重于靶向miRNA和ADAM17 的调节关系,但很少有人研究过ADAM17对miRNA的影响。在本发明中, ADAM17沉默增加了miR-449b-3p和原代miR-449b-3p的表达水平。因此, ADAM17可以在转录水平上调节NPC细胞中miR-449b-3p的表达。
第三,本发明在miR-449b-3p,ADAM17和NF-κB之间建立了反馈环,以研究ADAM17的转录调控机制。ADAM17可激活NF-κB信号通路。NF-κB在刺激肿瘤发生中的关键作用已被广泛认可,致癌或肿瘤促进因子可诱导NF-κB的活化。一些研究表明,作为转录因子,NF-κB可通过与许多肿瘤细胞中的microRNA 启动子结合来调节和控制microRNA的表达。同样,本发明的研究发现活化的 NF-κB可通过与miR-449b-3p启动子结合来抑制miR-449b-3p的表达。将该结果与结合位点的荧光素酶报告基因测定和由NF-κB抑制引起的miR-449b-3p 上调相结合,本发明发现P1和P2可能与具有排斥能力的其他转录因子结合。这个问题需要进一步研究。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例,并不用来限制本发明,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.检测鼻咽组织中MiR-449b-3p表达水平的试剂在制备鼻咽癌诊断试剂中的应用。
2.检测鼻咽组织中MiR-449b-3p表达水平的试剂在制备鼻咽癌诊断试剂盒中的应用。
3.检测鼻咽组织中MiR-449b-3p表达水平的试剂在制备鼻咽癌诊断装置中的应用。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述检测鼻咽组织中MiR-449b-3p表达水平的试剂包括与MiR-449b-3p特异性结合的引物对或探针中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,采用2-ΔΔCt方法计算miR-449b-3p表达的倍数变化。
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