CN111139404A - High-strength soft magnetic alloy and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength soft magnetic alloy and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength soft magnetic alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the field of alloy material processing, wherein the high-strength soft magnetic alloy obviously improves the mechanical property of the high-strength soft magnetic alloy through special smelting and cold and hot processing technologies, so that the tensile strength of the alloy can reach more than 1200MPa, the yield strength of the alloy can reach more than 700MPa, the service life of a product manufactured by using the high-strength soft magnetic alloy is correspondingly prolonged by 150%, and the rotating speed of a motor can reach more than 3 ten thousand revolutions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy material processing, and particularly relates to a high-strength soft magnetic alloy and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The soft magnetic alloy is an important metal soft magnetic material, has good magnetic performance, has the Curie temperature of up to 980 ℃, has the saturation magnetic induction intensity of up to 2.4T at normal temperature, and has higher magnetic conductivity and low coercive force. The soft magnetic iron alloy is mainly applied to transformers and motors, and is used for manufacturing telephone diaphragms, high-speed printer embedded irons, receiver coils and the like, compared with other materials, the alloy can remarkably reduce the weight and the volume, and has an irreplaceable application position of other materials in the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like, wherein the most important application is to manufacture core components of aero-generators, namely rotors and stators.
At present, the soft magnetic alloy materials for manufacturing aerospace motors mainly comprise: 1J22 meeting the national standard GB/T14986-2008, Hiperco 50 Alloy of American Kanbet, Hiperco 50 HS Alloy, Hrperco50, Russian 49K phi, French AFK502 and British Permendur 49, and corresponding production enterprises exist in recent years in China, but the number of manufacturers capable of meeting the requirements and stably supplying goods is still small.
The national motor soft magnetic alloy material has the problems of high coercive force, low magnetic induction intensity and low mechanical property, while the foreign advanced soft magnetic alloy material has a little advantage in performances such as coercive force and the like compared with the domestic soft magnetic alloy material, but has high price and long production period, can not meet the purchasing requirements of small batches and various varieties in the domestic soft magnetic alloy material, and has the serious problem of being restricted by people depending on foreign import; more importantly, the material used as the key material for aerospace must be made into hundreds of nations, so that the mechanical property and the strength of the material need to be further improved.
In the prior art, no matter the international or domestic soft magnetic alloy has good magnetic performance, but the mechanical performance is poorer, the strength is lower, and the test shows that: the soft tensile strength of the iron-cobalt or iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy strip is only 520MPA at most, the yield strength is only 200MPA at most, and the service life of the product and the rotating speed of the motor are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-strength soft magnetic alloy and the manufacturing method thereof, the high-strength soft magnetic alloy obviously improves the mechanical property of the high-strength soft magnetic alloy through special smelting and cold and hot processing technologies, so that the tensile strength of the alloy can reach over 1200MPa, the yield strength of the alloy can reach over 700MPa, the service life of a product manufactured by using the high-strength soft magnetic alloy is correspondingly prolonged by 150%, and the rotating speed of a motor can reach over 3 ten thousand revolutions.
In order to realize the system, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-strength soft magnetic alloy has a chemical composition consisting of 48 to 51 parts by weight of cobalt, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 1.2 parts by weight of molybdenum, 0.03 parts by weight or less of carbon, 0.01 parts by weight or less of rhenium, and 46.26 to 51 parts by weight of iron.
Preferably, the rhenium is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 0.01 parts by weight.
The high-strength soft magnetic alloy has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adds the element molybdenum for strengthening the alloy on the basis of the iron-cobalt-vanadium soft magnetic alloy, changes the vanadium content in the existing alloy and utilizes the metal molybdenum to play a solid solution strengthening effect in the iron-cobalt-vanadium soft magnetic alloy. Through tests, the alloy has the coercive force Hc of less than or equal to 400A/m, the saturation magnetic induction B800 of greater than or equal to 1.9T, the saturation magnetic induction B1600 of greater than or equal to 2.15T, the saturation magnetic induction B4000 of greater than or equal to 2.25T, the saturation magnetic induction B8000 of greater than or equal to 2.3T, the tensile strength of greater than or equal to 1200MPA and the yield strength of greater than or equal to 700 MPA.
A manufacturing method of a high-strength soft magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
(A1) vacuum smelting: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, the vacuum induction furnace is used for carrying out vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1500-1750 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 55ppm, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55ppm, and the raw materials comprise 48-51 parts by weight of cobalt, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of vanadium, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.03 parts by weight of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01 parts by weight of rhenium and 46.26-51 parts by weight of iron;
(A2) pouring: pouring a steel ingot by using the molten steel after vacuum smelting;
(A3) peeling: removing oxide skin of the steel ingot and cleaning surface residues;
(A4) forging: heating the steel ingot after scalping and cleaning to 1150-plus 1300 ℃ by a heating furnace, preserving heat for 3.5-4.5h, and forging the steel ingot into a flat blank after heat preservation;
(A5) molding: grinding the surface of the flat blank, heating the ground flat blank to 1150-plus-one 1300 ℃ through a heating furnace, preserving heat for 3.5-4.5h, and hot rolling the flat blank into a strip blank after the heat preservation is finished;
(A6) quenching: putting the hot rolled strip blank into ice brine for quenching;
(A7) grinding and cold rolling: polishing and cold rolling the quenched strip blank to a finished strip;
(A8) and (3) heat treatment: placing the strip into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 700-;
(A9) and (3) detection: and testing the discharged strip to ensure that the magnetic performance index of the product is achieved: the coercive force Hc is less than or equal to 400A/m, the saturation magnetic induction B800 is greater than or equal to 1.9T, the saturation magnetic induction B1600 is greater than or equal to 2.15T, the saturation magnetic induction B4000 is greater than or equal to 2.25T, the saturation magnetic induction B8000 is greater than or equal to 2.3T, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1200MPA, and the yield strength is greater than or equal to 700 MPA.
Preferably, an argon gas spray pipe is arranged in the heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace, the argon gas spray pipe is connected with a liquid argon gas source through a valve, and the low-temperature argon gas is used for cooling the soft magnetic alloy strip at a set cooling speed. The heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace is provided with a hydrogen spray pipe, the hydrogen spray pipe is connected with a liquid hydrogen source through a valve, and the hydrogen spray pipe is used for continuously introducing hydrogen into the heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace in the heating process to protect the magnetically soft alloy strip.
The manufacturing method of the high-strength soft magnetic alloy has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the hydrogen environment heat treatment technical scheme is that a material to be processed is placed into a heat treatment furnace for heating, hydrogen is continuously introduced into a heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace in the heating process, material oxidation can be effectively avoided in a hydrogen environment, materials are purified, and magnetic performance is improved.
(2) The quick cooling scheme comprises the following steps: the strip is cooled at a set cooling rate by using low-temperature argon gas, and the rapid cooling scheme relies on the low-temperature argon gas, so that the ordering of crystalline phase tissues can be prevented through rapid cooling, the brittleness is reduced, and the magnetic performance is improved.
(3) The low-temperature quenching technology comprises the following steps: the hot rolled strip blank is quenched by using brine ice, so that the mechanical property of the material is improved.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example one
A method for preparing high-strength soft magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
1) vacuum smelting: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, the vacuum induction furnace is used for carrying out vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1500 ℃, and the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 55ppm and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55 ppm;
specifically, in this example, the raw material includes 48 parts by weight of cobalt, 0.5 parts by weight of vanadium, 0.5 parts by weight of molybdenum, 0.03 parts by weight or less of carbon, 0.01 parts by weight or less of rhenium, and 51 parts by weight of iron, specifically, 0.01 to 0.02 parts by weight of carbon, 0.001 to 0.005 parts by weight of rhenium.
When impurities such as C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cu are included, the lower the content of the impurities, the better.
2) Pouring: pouring a steel ingot by using the molten steel after vacuum smelting;
3) peeling: removing oxide skin of the steel ingot and cleaning surface residues;
4) forging: heating the steel ingot after scalping and cleaning to 1150 ℃ by a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, and forging the steel ingot into a flat blank after heat preservation is finished;
5) molding: grinding the surface of the flat blank, heating the ground flat blank to 1150 ℃ through a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, and hot rolling the flat blank into a strip blank after the heat preservation is finished;
6) quenching: putting the hot rolled strip blank into ice brine for quenching;
it should be noted that the device for quenching has already been patented under patent application No. 201821956652.2 (a zero degree water tank for quenching).
7) Grinding and cold rolling: polishing and cold rolling the quenched strip blank to a finished strip;
8) and (3) heat treatment: the strip is put into a heat treatment furnace and heated to 700 ℃, hydrogen is continuously introduced into a heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace for protection in the heating process, the strip heated to 700 ℃ is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours in a hydrogen environment, the strip is rapidly cooled to 500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, and then the strip at 500 ℃ is rapidly cooled to 290 ℃ at a cooling speed of 210 ℃/h and is taken out of the furnace.
The heat treatment furnace including the argon gas nozzle and the hydrogen gas nozzle is already applied for patent, and the patent application number is 2018218938424. Specifically, an argon gas spray pipe is arranged in a heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace, the argon gas spray pipe is connected with a liquid argon gas source through a valve, and the low-temperature argon gas is used for cooling the soft magnetic alloy strip at a set cooling speed. The heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace is provided with a hydrogen spray pipe, the hydrogen spray pipe is connected with a liquid hydrogen source through a valve, and the hydrogen spray pipe is used for continuously introducing hydrogen into the heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace in the heating process to protect the magnetically soft alloy strip.
It is further noted that the cooling annealing process also employs a longitudinally rotatable annealing cooling device of patent No. 201821949654.9.
9) And (3) detection: and testing the discharged strip to ensure that the magnetic performance index of the product is achieved: the coercive force Hc is less than or equal to 400A/m, the saturation magnetic induction B800 is greater than or equal to 1.9T, the saturation magnetic induction B1600 is greater than or equal to 2.15T, the saturation magnetic induction B4000 is greater than or equal to 2.25T, the saturation magnetic induction B8000 is greater than or equal to 2.3T, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1200MPA, and the yield strength is greater than or equal to 700 MPA.
Specifically, the testing link is carried out by using a DWA-05 magnetic characteristic measuring instrument.
It should be noted that the high-strength soft magnetic alloy obviously improves the mechanical properties and the service life of the high-strength soft magnetic alloy through special smelting and cold and hot processing technologies.
Example two
A method for preparing high-strength soft magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
1) vacuum smelting: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, the vacuum induction furnace is used for carrying out vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1750 ℃, and therefore the carbon content in the molten steel is equal to 55ppm, and the oxygen content is equal to 55 ppm;
specifically, in the present embodiment, the raw material includes 51 parts by weight of cobalt, 1.5 parts by weight of vanadium, 1.2 parts by weight of molybdenum, 0.03 parts by weight or less of carbon, 0.01 parts by weight or less of rhenium, and 46.26 parts by weight of iron.
When impurities such as C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cu are included, the lower the content of the impurities, the better.
2) Pouring: pouring a steel ingot by using the molten steel after vacuum smelting;
3) peeling: removing oxide skin of the steel ingot and cleaning surface residues;
4) forging: heating the steel ingot after scalping and cleaning to 1300 ℃ by a heating furnace, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, and forging the steel ingot into a flat blank after heat preservation is finished;
5) molding: grinding the surface of the flat blank, heating the ground flat blank to 1300 ℃ through a heating furnace, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, and hot rolling the flat blank into a strip blank after the heat preservation is finished;
6) quenching: putting the hot rolled strip blank into ice brine for quenching;
7) grinding and cold rolling: polishing and cold rolling the quenched strip blank to a finished strip;
8) and (3) heat treatment: and (2) putting the strip blank into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 980 ℃, continuously introducing hydrogen into a heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace for protection in the heating process, preserving the heat of the strip heated to 980 ℃ for 3h in a hydrogen environment, rapidly cooling the strip to 780 ℃ at a cooling speed of 120 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, and rapidly cooling the strip at 780 ℃ to 330 ℃ at a cooling speed of 220 ℃/h and discharging.
9) And (3) detection: and testing the discharged strip to ensure that the magnetic performance index of the product is achieved: the coercive force Hc is less than or equal to 400A/m, the saturation magnetic induction B800 is greater than or equal to 1.9T, the saturation magnetic induction B1600 is greater than or equal to 2.15T, the saturation magnetic induction B4000 is greater than or equal to 2.25T, the saturation magnetic induction B8000 is greater than or equal to 2.3T, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1200MPA, and the yield strength is greater than or equal to 700 MPA.
Specifically, the testing link is carried out by using a DWA-05 magnetic characteristic measuring instrument.
It should be noted that the high-strength soft magnetic alloy obviously improves the mechanical properties and the service life of the high-strength soft magnetic alloy through special smelting and cold and hot processing technologies.
EXAMPLE III
A method for preparing high-strength soft magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
1) vacuum smelting: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, the vacuum induction furnace is used for carrying out vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be 0.3Pa, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1700 ℃, and the carbon content and the oxygen content in the molten steel are respectively 50ppm and 50 ppm;
specifically, in this example, the raw material includes 50 parts by weight of cobalt, 1 part by weight of vanadium, 1 part by weight of molybdenum, 0.02 part by weight of carbon, 0.01 part by weight of rhenium, and 47.97 parts by weight of iron.
When impurities such as C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cu are included, the lower the content of the impurities, the better.
2) Pouring: pouring a steel ingot by using the molten steel after vacuum smelting;
3) peeling: removing oxide skin of the steel ingot and cleaning surface residues;
4) forging: heating the steel ingot after scalping and cleaning to 1250 ℃ by a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours, and forging the steel ingot into a flat blank after heat preservation is finished;
5) molding: grinding the surface of the flat blank, heating the ground flat blank to 1250 ℃ through a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours, and hot rolling the flat blank into a strip blank after the heat preservation is finished;
6) quenching: putting the hot rolled strip blank into ice brine for quenching;
7) grinding and cold rolling: polishing and cold rolling the quenched strip blank to a finished strip;
8) and (3) heat treatment: the strip is put into a heat treatment furnace and heated to 960 ℃, hydrogen is continuously introduced into a heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace for protection in the heating process, the strip heated to 960 ℃ is subjected to heat preservation for 3.5 hours in a hydrogen environment, the strip is rapidly cooled to 700 ℃ at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, and then the strip at 700 ℃ is rapidly cooled to 310 ℃ at a cooling speed of 230 ℃/h and is taken out of the furnace.
9) And (3) detection: and testing the discharged strip to ensure that the magnetic performance index of the product is achieved: the coercive force Hc is less than or equal to 400A/m, the saturation magnetic induction B800 is greater than or equal to 1.9T, the saturation magnetic induction B1600 is greater than or equal to 2.15T, the saturation magnetic induction B4000 is greater than or equal to 2.25T, the saturation magnetic induction B8000 is greater than or equal to 2.3T, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1200MPA, and the yield strength is greater than or equal to 700 MPA.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-strength soft magnetic alloy characterized by a chemical composition consisting of 48 to 51 parts by weight of cobalt, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 1.2 parts by weight of molybdenum, 0.03 parts by weight or less of carbon, 0.01 parts by weight or less of rhenium, and 46.26 to 51 parts by weight of iron.
2. A high strength soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the rhenium content is 0.001 to 0.01 parts by weight.
3. The high-strength soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, wherein the coercive force Hc is 400A/m or less, the saturation induction B800 is 1.9T or more, the saturation induction B1600 is 2.15T or more, the saturation induction B4000 is 2.25T or more, and the saturation induction B8000 is 2.3T or more.
4. The high strength soft magnetic alloy according to claim 1, wherein the tensile strength is 1200MPA or more and the yield strength is 700MPA or more.
5. A method of manufacturing a high strength soft magnetic alloy according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(A1) vacuum smelting: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, the vacuum induction furnace is used for carrying out vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1500-1750 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 55ppm, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55ppm, and the raw materials comprise 48-51 parts by weight of cobalt, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of vanadium, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.03 parts by weight of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01 parts by weight of rhenium and 46.26-51 parts by weight of iron;
(A2) pouring: pouring a steel ingot by using the molten steel after vacuum smelting;
(A3) peeling: removing oxide skin of the steel ingot and cleaning surface residues;
(A4) forging: heating the steel ingot after scalping and cleaning to 1150-plus 1300 ℃ by a heating furnace, preserving heat for 3.5-4.5h, and forging the steel ingot into a flat blank after heat preservation;
(A5) molding: grinding the surface of the flat blank, heating the ground flat blank to 1150-plus-one 1300 ℃ through a heating furnace, preserving heat for 3.5-4.5h, and hot rolling the flat blank into a strip blank after the heat preservation is finished;
(A6) quenching: putting the hot rolled strip blank into ice brine for quenching;
(A7) grinding and cold rolling: polishing and cold rolling the quenched strip blank to a finished strip;
(A8) and (3) heat treatment: placing the strip into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 700-;
(A9) and (3) detection: and testing the discharged strip to ensure that the magnetic performance index of the product is achieved: the coercive force Hc is less than or equal to 400A/m, the saturation magnetic induction B800 is greater than or equal to 1.9T, the saturation magnetic induction B1600 is greater than or equal to 2.15T, the saturation magnetic induction B4000 is greater than or equal to 2.25T, the saturation magnetic induction B8000 is greater than or equal to 2.3T, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1200MPA, and the yield strength is greater than or equal to 700 MPA.
6. The method for manufacturing a high-strength soft magnetic alloy according to claim 5, wherein in the heat treatment process:
an argon spray pipe is arranged in a heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace, the argon spray pipe is connected with a liquid argon source through a valve, and the low-temperature argon is used for cooling the soft magnetic alloy strip at a set cooling speed;
the heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace is provided with a hydrogen spray pipe, the hydrogen spray pipe is connected with a liquid hydrogen source through a valve, and the hydrogen spray pipe is used for continuously introducing hydrogen into the heating cavity of the heat treatment furnace in the heating process to protect the magnetically soft alloy strip.
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