CN111111433A - Photocatalytic gas purification method and system - Google Patents
Photocatalytic gas purification method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111111433A CN111111433A CN201911421188.6A CN201911421188A CN111111433A CN 111111433 A CN111111433 A CN 111111433A CN 201911421188 A CN201911421188 A CN 201911421188A CN 111111433 A CN111111433 A CN 111111433A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
- A61L9/20—Ultraviolet radiation
- A61L9/205—Ultraviolet radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/80—Type of catalytic reaction
- B01D2255/802—Photocatalytic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of air purification, in particular to a photocatalytic gas purification method and a photocatalytic gas purification system, wherein the photocatalytic gas purification method comprises the following steps: arranging a photocatalytic module and an electric field module, wherein a photocatalytic material in the photocatalytic module is in an electric field of the electric field module, and a light beam of a light source in the photocatalytic module can be projected onto the photocatalytic material; the direction and the field intensity of the electric field are adjusted to adjust the oxidation-reduction capability, the adsorption capability and the desorption capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, the selective adsorption capability to different types of gas molecules and the antibacterial capability. The method well overcomes the defects of limited adsorption and purification efficiency and non-target adsorption when the photocatalytic material is simply used for air purification, and can be better and widely applied to various places needing air purification. The photocatalytic gas purification system of the present invention can conveniently and rapidly perform the above photocatalytic gas purification method with a simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air purification, and particularly relates to a photocatalytic gas purification method and system.
Background
In recent years, people have increasingly strengthened environmental awareness in the aspects of air quality such as industrial waste gas treatment, automobile exhaust treatment, indoor air purification and the like, wherein, the mode of purifying polluted gas based on the photocatalyst technology is concerned and widely applied by people with the characteristics of low consumption, environmental protection, stability, effectiveness, wide application range and the like, but, the single photocatalyst technology has poor adsorption capacity of the photocatalyst on gas, and simultaneously has no selective adsorption capacity on specific types of poisonous and harmful gases, so that the efficiency of purifying polluted gas based on the photocatalyst technology is very limited and the adsorption effect is not targeted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a photocatalytic gas purification method, which can obviously improve the adsorption effect of a photocatalytic material on gas molecules in polluted gas, show the selective adsorption capacity on specific types of gas molecules, kill bacteria in the polluted gas and improve the oxidation-reduction efficiency of air purification.
The invention also provides a photocatalytic gas purification system which can conveniently and rapidly execute the photocatalytic gas purification method with a simple structure.
The photocatalytic gas purification method of the present invention comprises:
arranging a photocatalysis module comprising a photocatalysis material and a light source, wherein light beams emitted by the light source can irradiate the photocatalysis material, and the photocatalysis material is positioned in a gas flowing space;
arranging an electric field module and enabling the photocatalytic material to be positioned in an electric field of the electric field module;
and adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field so as to adjust the oxidation reduction capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, the adsorption capability and the desorption capability of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, the selective adsorption capability of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and the antibacterial capability of the photocatalytic material.
Optionally, the field intensity of the electric field is increased, and the oxidation-reduction capability, the adsorption capability and the antibacterial capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules are enhanced.
Optionally, the field intensity of the electric field is adjusted to be greater than or equal to a preset value, so that the adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material can adsorb the gas molecules of the specific species, or the field intensity of the electric field is adjusted to be less than the preset value, so that the adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material is not enough to adsorb the gas molecules of the specific species, and the selective adsorption of the photocatalytic material on the gas molecules is realized.
Optionally, the magnitude of the electric field is reduced and/or the direction of the electric field is changed so that the adsorption force between the catalytic product adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material and the photocatalytic material is reduced to enable desorption of the catalytic product from the surface of the photocatalytic material.
Optionally, the positions of the anode and the cathode included in the electric field module are changed to change the direction of the electric field; and/or the like, and/or,
and changing the facing area of the anode and the cathode, and/or changing the vertical distance between the anode and the cathode, and/or changing the magnitude of the applied voltage of the electric field so as to change the magnitude of the field intensity of the electric field.
Optionally, the magnitude of the applied voltage of the electric field is adjusted to 50-220V and/or the discharge interval is 1-3s, or the applied voltage of the electric field is adjusted to be a sine-type voltage or a cosine-type voltage.
Optionally, a flow rate control assembly is provided for regulating the flow rate of the gas in the space where the gas flows; and/or the like, and/or,
a light source adjustment assembly is provided for adjusting the turning on, off and/or brightness of the light source.
A photocatalytic gas purification system comprising:
the photocatalysis module comprises a photocatalysis material and a light source, wherein light beams of the photocatalysis material can be projected to the photocatalysis material; the photocatalytic material is in a space where gas flows;
the electric field module comprises an anode, a cathode and a power supply which is electrically connected with the anode and the cathode respectively; the power supply provides an external voltage for the anode and the cathode to form an electric field between the anode and the cathode, and the photocatalytic material is positioned in the electric field;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field so as to be used for adjusting the redox capacity of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, adjusting the adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, adjusting the selective adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and adjusting the antibacterial capacity of the photocatalytic material.
Optionally, the photocatalytic material is attached to the porous material carrier, and the photocatalytic material is supported by the porous material carrier.
Optionally, the porous material support comprises at least one of a ceramic foam, a metal foam, conductive fibers, and a gel.
Optionally, the positive electrode is a conductive porous material carrier, the photocatalytic material is attached to the positive electrode, and the photocatalytic material is supported by the positive electrode; or,
the negative electrode is a conductive porous material carrier, the photocatalytic material is attached to the negative electrode, and the photocatalytic material is supported by the negative electrode.
Optionally, the conductive porous material carrier comprises at least one of a metal foam and conductive fibers.
Optionally, the photocatalytic material comprises one type of photocatalytic material responsive to the ultraviolet range, and/or two types of photocatalytic material responsive to the visible range, and/or three types of photocatalytic material responsive to the full spectrum.
Optionally, the one class of photocatalytic materials comprises at least one of boron nitride, bismuth-based oxides, nitrogen-doped boron nitride, and nitrogen-doped bismuth oxycarbonate; the second kind of photocatalytic material comprises at least one of carbon nitride, ferric oxide and metal sulfide; the three types of photocatalytic materials comprise materials processed by at least one of metal doping, non-metal doping and composite modification of the first type of photocatalytic material or the second type of photocatalytic material.
Optionally, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both flat plate electrodes and are arranged at intervals in one direction; or,
the anode and the cathode are arc electrodes and are arranged at intervals in one direction; or,
the anode is cylindrical, the cathode is flat, the cathode is arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical anode along the axial direction of the cylindrical anode, and at least one cathode is arranged; or,
the negative pole is cylindrical, the positive pole is flat, the positive pole is arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical negative pole along the axial direction of the cylindrical negative pole, and at least one positive pole is arranged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the photocatalytic gas purification method of the present invention comprises: the photocatalysis module comprises a photocatalysis material and a light source, light beams emitted by the light source can be projected to the photocatalysis material, and the photocatalysis material is positioned in a space where gas flows; an electric field module is arranged, and the photocatalytic material is positioned in an electric field of the electric field module; and adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field so as to adjust the oxidation-reduction capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, the adsorption capability and the desorption capability of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, the selective adsorption capability of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and the antibacterial capability of the photocatalytic material. The method can obviously improve the adsorption effect of the photocatalytic material on the gas molecules in the polluted gas, has the capability of selectively adsorbing specific types of gas molecules, kills bacteria in the polluted gas, improves the oxidation-reduction efficiency of air purification, well overcomes the defects of limited adsorption and purification efficiency and no target adsorption when the photocatalytic material is used for air purification, and can be better and widely applied to various places needing air purification.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a graph of Van der Waals forces as a function of intermolecular distance in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is CO2The structure of the molecule before the action of the electric field;
FIG. 3 is CO2The structure of the molecule under the action of an electric field;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a portion of the structure of the photocatalytic gas purification system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a portion of the structure of a photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a portion of the structure of the photocatalytic gas purification system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a partial structure of a photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a partial structure of the photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "length," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and the like are used in the positional or orientational relationships indicated in the drawings for the purposes of convenience and simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As people have become more and more concerned about air quality, various air purification methods are developed and applied; the method for purifying polluted air by using the photocatalytic material under illumination is widely applied to the advantages of low consumption, environmental protection, good stability, wide application range and the like.
However, people also find that the efficiency of purifying polluted air by only depending on the photocatalytic material is very limited, and the photocatalytic material has no selective adsorption capability on specific types of toxic and harmful gases, so that the specific application scene is not strong for specific types of gases.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a photocatalytic gas purification method which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that a photocatalysis module comprising a light source and a photocatalysis material is arranged, light beams emitted by the light source can irradiate the photocatalysis material to excite the photocatalysis material, and the photocatalysis material is positioned in a gas flowing space;
arranging an electric field module to enable the photocatalytic material to be in an electric field of the electric field module;
the direction and the field intensity of the electric field are adjusted, and in the adjusting process, the oxidation reduction capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, the adsorption capability and the desorption capability of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, the selective adsorption capability of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and the antibacterial capability of the photocatalytic material can be adjusted. The mechanism that the air purification effect of the photocatalytic material can be adjusted by adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field is as follows:
first, the adsorption capacity of a photocatalytic material depends mainly on the magnitude of van der waals forces composed of electrostatic, induced, and dispersive forces, while an electric field can influence the magnitude of van der waals forces, wherein:
(1) electrostatic forces exist between molecules having permanent dipole moments, the magnitude of which is related to the distance r between the molecules, the mutual orientation, the temperature T, the Boltzmann constant K and the dielectric constant ε0(ii) related; irrespective of the mutual orientation of the molecules, the two are at a distance r and the dipole moments are respectively μAAnd muBThe average value of the intermolecular electrostatic interaction energy of (a) is:
(2) the induced force exists among polar molecules, non-polar molecules, polar molecules and non-polar molecules; because an electric field which is not zero exists around the polar molecules, the electron charge distribution in the adjacent polar molecules and non-polar molecules can be changed under the action of the electric field, and dipole moment is generated due to the induction; the induced dipole moment is the same as the direction of the electric field, namely the dipole moment of the original polar molecule, so that an induced acting force can be generated between the two molecules; dipole moment of muAHas a molecular and polarizability of αBThe average value of the induction energy between the molecules of (a) is:
(3) dispersion forces exist among all atoms and molecules, nonpolar molecules do not have permanent dipole moments, but the distribution of charges in the molecules changes along with the moment of electron movement, so that constantly changing instantaneous dipole moments are generated, the instantaneous dipole moments can generate electric fields and polarize adjacent molecules to generate induced dipole moments, the generated induced dipole moments act on original atoms in turn to further generate induced dipole moments, the induced dipole moments generate secondary induced dipole moments which have the same direction in a cyclic superposition manner, and the sum of the attraction forces among the induced dipole moments forms the dispersion forces; two are separated by r and the ionization energy is I1And I2A polarizability of α respectivelyAAnd αBThe dispersion behavior between molecules of (a) is expressed as:
as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between van der Waals' force and intermolecular distance in the present invention, and since these forces are long-range forces, when the intermolecular distance is relatively large, i.e., r.gtoreq.r0When the suction effect is overAnd the photocatalyst material is dominant, and the photocatalyst material shows an adsorption state for gas molecules. Otherwise, when r is less than or equal to r0When the repulsive force is dominant, the photocatalytic material shows a desorption state to gas molecules.
Meanwhile, when the photocatalytic material is irradiated by light, photon-generated carriers can be generated on the surface of the photocatalytic material, the photon-generated carriers which are easy to combine originally are in a separated state under the pulling action of an electric field, and the separated photon-generated carriers can move along the surface of the photocatalytic material and are in contact with some H on the surface of the photocatalytic material2O，O2And molecular ions of dangling bonds on the surface of the catalyst to collide, thereby generating more active groups such as hydroxyl radicals (. OH) and superoxide radicals (. O)2 -) And the like, and the free radicals can accelerate the decomposition of harmful gases in the air, such as formaldehyde, benzene, nitrogen oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and the like. That is, the electric field can inhibit the recombination of the photo-generated carriers and promote the migration of the separated photo-generated carriers on the surface of the photocatalytic material, thereby further enhancing the oxidation-reduction reaction of the photocatalytic material and improving the purification efficiency thereof.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, CO is present in the absence of an applied electric field2The molecules are linear nonpolar molecules, and when an electric field is arranged, as shown in figure 3, the electronic arrangement of the molecules is changed, so that the central carbon atom has no lone pair of electrons; since the charge is finally in a state of charge balance, CO is attracted by opposite polarities2The closer the carbon atom on the molecule is to the negatively charged side, the opposite is the oxygen atom, and thus CO is caused2The bending phenomenon of the molecules on the surface of the photocatalytic material is beneficial to generating active groups.
For the same reason, other polluting gases, e.g. H2S, NOx, formaldehyde, TVOC and other polar molecules, and the electric field intensity can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage, the active sites of catalytic reaction and the energy barrier of reaction are adjusted, and the harmful gases are changed into nonhazardous H2O、CO2Waiting for the gas to be released again. On the contrary, after the harmful gas is converted into the harmless gas, the strength of the electric field is weakened or the acting direction of the electric field is changed, so that the photocatalysis is carried outThe original charges on the surface of the material are redistributed, so that the desorption efficiency of a catalytic product in the catalytic process is enhanced, and the surface of the photocatalytic material is exposed and can be recycled.
Furthermore, under the action of an electric field, the surface of the photocatalytic material is ionized to generate anions and cations which can act with life substances in the membrane of bacteria, so that the charge balance in the bacteria is disturbed, the normal progress of chemical reactions such as normal metabolism in the membrane is blocked, and the bacteria are inactivated; or, when the electric field intensity is enhanced, the free charges on the surface of the photocatalytic material can be gathered, so that the cells are coated by the charges, the normal metabolism of the cells is hindered, and the cells can be deformed and finally broken due to uneven voltages inside and outside the cells; of course, the violent redox reaction on the surface of the photocatalytic material can change the living environment of bacteria and disturb the normal metabolism of the bacteria; or the direction of the electric field is changed, so that substances adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst are changed, the living environment of bacteria is changed, and the bacteria cannot adapt to a new environment in a short time and die; in a word, the effects of inactivating bacteria and purifying air can be achieved.
Also, importantly, by properly changing the field intensity and the direction of the electric field, some of the electrons of the gas small molecules adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material will be rearranged; for example, when the field intensity is moderately increased, some gas small molecules can change from the physical adsorption state to the chemical adsorption state, which is beneficial to reducing the energy barrier of the catalytic reaction, whereas when the field intensity is moderately decreased or the direction of the electric field is changed, some gas small molecules can change from the chemical adsorption state to the physical adsorption state, and then effectively desorb. By utilizing the means, the adsorption state of various small molecules on the surface of the photocatalytic material can be adjusted by adjusting the intensity of the electric field, and the selective adsorption of the photocatalytic material can be realized by aiming at different gas molecules by the electric field intensities with different magnitudes.
In the above scheme, when the field intensity of the electric field is increased, the strength of the oxidation-reduction action of the photocatalytic material on the gas molecules is enhanced, the adsorption capacity on the gas molecules is enhanced, and the antibacterial capacity is enhanced. When the field intensity of the electric field is adjusted to be larger than or equal to a certain preset value, the adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material can adsorb specific gas molecules (the physical adsorption state is changed into the chemical adsorption state), or when the field intensity of the electric field is adjusted to be smaller than the certain preset value, the adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material is not enough to adsorb the specific gas molecules, so that the selective adsorption of the photocatalytic material on the gas molecules is realized; different preset values correspond to different kinds of gas molecules.
When the field intensity of the electric field is reduced and/or the direction of the electric field is changed, the adsorption force between the catalytic product adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material and the photocatalytic material can be reduced to enable the catalytic product to be desorbed from the surface of the photocatalytic material.
Therefore, by adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field, the oxidation-reduction capacity of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, the adsorption capacity and the desorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, the selective adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and the antibacterial capacity of the photocatalytic material can be adjusted.
In the above scheme, the adjusting of the electric field direction may include: changing the positions of the anode and the cathode in the electric field; at this time, the direction of the electric field lines between the anode and the cathode in the electric field changes relative to the flowing space of the gas, that is, the direction of the electric field lines changes relative to the photocatalytic module located in the flowing space of the gas, so as to change the influence of the electric field on the photocatalytic material.
In the above scheme, the field intensity of the electric field module is also adjusted, and the adjustment mode may include changing a facing area of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the electric field, and/or changing a vertical distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the electric field, and/or changing a magnitude of an applied voltage of the electric field. The field intensity of the electric field module can be adjusted by the adjusting mode, and then the influence of the electric field on the photocatalytic material is changed.
For example, the magnitude of the applied voltage may be adjusted to 50-220V, and/or the discharge interval of the applied voltage may be adjusted to 1-3s, and the applied voltage of the electric field may be adjusted to sine voltage or cosine voltage which is easy to break the charge balance in the bacterial cell. The adjusting mode is convenient and fast, and the practicability and the operability are strong.
Meanwhile, a flow rate control module can be further arranged and used for regulating and controlling the flow rate of gas in the space where the gas where the photocatalytic material is located flows, so that the reaction time of the gas and the photocatalytic material is controlled, and the air purification effect of the photocatalytic material is further adjusted.
Furthermore, a light source adjusting component can be arranged, and the light source adjusting component can adjust the switch of the light source to control whether the light source excites the photocatalytic material; and/or the light source adjusting component can adjust the brightness of the light source so as to change the excitation degree of the light source on the photocatalytic material and match the excitation degree with the specific requirement of the photocatalytic material during gas purification.
The invention also includes a photocatalytic gas purification system comprising:
the photocatalysis module comprises a photocatalysis material and a light source, light beams emitted by the light source can be projected to the photocatalysis material, and the photocatalysis material is positioned in a space where gas flows;
the electric field module comprises an anode, a cathode and a power supply which is electrically connected with the anode and the cathode respectively, when the power supply provides voltage for the anode and the cathode, an electric field is generated between the anode and the cathode, and the photocatalytic material is positioned in the electric field, so that the photocatalytic material in the photocatalytic module is under the action of the electric field;
the adjusting component can adjust the electric field direction of the electric field module and the field intensity of the electric field module to adjust the redox ability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, adjust the adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, adjust the selective adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and adjust the antibacterial capacity of the photocatalytic material.
The photocatalytic gas purification system has a simple and economic structure, and can conveniently and quickly realize the photocatalytic gas purification method.
On the basis of the above structure, a porous material carrier may be provided, and the photocatalytic material is attached to the porous material carrier and supported by the porous material carrier. The porous material carrier with good ventilation and air permeability is favorable for the flow of air around the photocatalytic material, and further favorable for the photocatalytic material to play a purifying role. The porous material support may include at least one of ceramic foam, metal foam, conductive fibers, and gel. Further, the porous material carrier herein includes a material with good electrical conductivity, such as conductive fiber or foam metal, which facilitates the electron charges on the photocatalytic material to migrate under the action of the field strength of the electric field.
In addition, the anode in the electric field module can be a conductive porous material carrier, the photocatalytic material is attached to the anode and supported by the anode, or the cathode in the electric field module can be a conductive porous material carrier and supported by the cathode. For example, the conductive porous material may include at least one of a metal foam and conductive fibers. At this time, the positive electrode or the negative electrode made of the conductive porous material carrier is used for carrying the photocatalytic material, and the structure is simple and reliable due to the formation of an electric field.
Of course, the photocatalytic material herein may also include one type of photocatalytic material responsive to the ultraviolet light range, and/or two types of photocatalytic material responsive to the visible light range, and/or three types of photocatalytic material responsive to the full spectrum.
For example, one class of photocatalytic materials includes at least one of boron nitride, bismuth-based oxides, nitrogen-doped boron nitride, and nitrogen-doped bismuth oxycarbonate; the second kind of photocatalytic material comprises at least one of carbon nitride, ferric oxide and metal sulfide; the three types of photocatalytic materials comprise one type of photocatalytic material or a material which is processed by at least one means of metal doping, nonmetal doping and composite modification of the second type of photocatalytic material, and the three types of photocatalytic materials can be used as long as the response range of the photocatalytic material can be expanded from an ultraviolet light range and a visible light range to a full spectrum.
Regarding the shape and layout of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the electric field module, optionally, both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are flat electrodes and are arranged at intervals in one direction; or the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arc electrodes and are arranged at intervals in one direction; or the positive electrode is cylindrical, the negative electrode is flat, the negative electrode is arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical positive electrode along the axial direction of the cylindrical positive electrode, and at least one negative electrode is arranged; or the cathode is cylindrical, the anode is flat, the anode is arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical cathode along the axial direction of the cylindrical cathode, and at least one anode is arranged. (of course, the shape of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not limited to a plate electrode, an arc electrode, or a cylindrical electrode.)
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a partial structure in the photocatalytic gas purification system of the present invention is shown, wherein the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are both flat electrodes, the photocatalytic material 3 is attached to the surface of the porous material carrier, and the porous material carrier is located between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, so that the photocatalytic material 3 is in the electric field formed by the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. (the positions of the electrodes before and after adjustment are shown by the dotted line and the solid line in the figure.)
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a partial structure of the photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention is shown, wherein the positive electrode 4 and the negative electrode 5 are arc-shaped electrodes, the photocatalytic material 6 is attached to the surface of the porous material carrier, and the porous material carrier is located between the positive electrode 4 and the negative electrode 5, so that the photocatalytic material 6 is in an electric field formed by the positive electrode 4 and the negative electrode 5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a part of the structure of a third embodiment of the photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention, wherein the positive electrode 7 has a cylindrical shape, the negative electrode 8 has a flat plate shape, the negative electrode 8 is disposed in the cylindrical positive electrode 7 in the axial direction of the cylindrical positive electrode 7 in the cavity thereof, the negative electrode 8 has at least one negative electrode 8, and four negative electrodes are disposed in fig. 6 and are uniformly spaced (fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the radial direction of the cylindrical positive electrode 7). In fig. 6, the positive electrode 7 is a conductive porous material carrier, and the photocatalytic material is attached to the positive electrode 7.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a partial structure of the photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention, wherein the cathode 9 has a cylindrical shape, the anode 10 has a flat plate shape, the anode 10 is disposed in the cylindrical cavity of the cathode 9 along the axial direction of the cylindrical cathode 9, at least one anode 10 is disposed, and four anodes are disposed in fig. 7 and are uniformly spaced (fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the radial direction of the cylindrical cathode 9). In fig. 7, the negative electrode 9 is a conductive porous material carrier, and the photocatalytic material is attached to the negative electrode 9.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, a cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a partial structure of the photocatalytic gas purification system according to the present invention is shown, wherein two negative electrodes 12 are disposed in parallel on both sides of a positive electrode 11, and a porous material carrier 13 is disposed between each negative electrode 12 and the positive electrode 11, and the photocatalytic material is attached to the porous material carrier 13; a space for gas to flow is formed between the two porous material carriers 13 and the anode 11. The arrows in fig. 8 indicate the flowing direction of the gas, and after the gas passes through the filtering structure 14 and is filtered to remove impurities such as dust and powder, the gas enters the space between the porous material carrier 13 and the anode 11 for flowing, and the cathode 12 is provided with pores for flowing out of the gas, so that the gas flows through the porous material carrier 13 and flows out of the pores on the cathode 12 through the purification effect of the photocatalytic material. The photocatalytic gas purification system shown in fig. 8 is suitable for use in applications where the flow rate of gas is low and the requirement for the cleanliness of the purified gas is high.
In the photocatalytic gas purification system, an antistatic machine body shell can be arranged to surround to form a cavity so as to avoid electrostatic interference with an electric field of the electric field module; the cavity is provided with an air inlet for introducing polluted air to be purified and an air outlet for discharging purified clean air. Preferably, a filter screen may be disposed at the air inlet for primarily filtering larger particles of substances, dust, etc. in the polluted air.
Further, a flow rate control module is arranged, for example, a fan which is beneficial to polluted air entering from the air inlet and beneficial to clean air discharging from the air outlet can be arranged in the cavity, and the flow rate control module which is convenient to operate is arranged on the surface of the machine body shell so as to control the on-off, the rotating speed, the working time length and the like of the fan.
And/or, a light source adjusting module is arranged to adjust the on-off, brightness, working time and the like of the light source so as to adapt to the gas purification requirement. In addition, a curved surface reflector can be arranged to reflect light rays to the surface of the photocatalytic material in a multi-dimensional manner, so that the utilization rate of light beams emitted by the light source is improved.
The air quality detection component can be further arranged, the adjusting component can adjust the direction and the field intensity according to the air quality data to be purified obtained through detection, the on-off, the rotating speed and the working time of the fan are adjusted through the flow rate control module, and the on-off, the brightness and the working time of the light source are adjusted through the light source adjusting module.
The photocatalytic gas purification method of the invention can be applied to industrial waste gas purification, indoor air purification, office fresh air systems, antibacterial ventilation systems, hospitals and other special places, such as:
in the scenes of dense small spaces such as indoor spaces, office places and the like:
the air quality is seriously affected by the continuously accumulated pollutants, wherein the main pollutants comprise formaldehyde, benzene, VOCs and other polluted gases and bacteria. Because these gases are relatively low in concentration and bacteria are relatively dispersed, the magnitude of the field strength can be suitably weak in a photocatalytic gas purification system utilizing the present invention. However, in order to achieve the indoor air purification effect in a short time, the air needs to flow in an accelerated way, so that the indoor air quality can reach below a safety threshold value within 15min, for example, formaldehyde is lower than 0.1mg/m3The total TVOC concentration is lower than 0.6mg/m3The total number of bacteria is lower than 2500cfu/m3(the concentration values are all below the GB/T18883-2002 requirement value).
1) Setting a filter screen, and primarily filtering air passing through the filter screen to shield and filter large granular substances or dust;
2) introducing the filtered air to be purified into the cavity at the flow rate of 0.2m/s through the flow rate control module;
3) detecting air quality data through an air quality detection component, adjusting the direction and the field intensity of an electric field through an adjusting component, controlling the field intensity to be 5-10a.u., and selectively enabling pollutants in polluted air to be charged in the vertical direction of the electric field, adjusting the direction of the electric field by a change angle of 5 degrees/s (as shown in figure 4) through adjusting the positions of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, preventing hole electrons of a photocatalytic material from being rapidly compounded, promoting groups on the surface of a catalyst to generate more hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide free radicals, playing a role in accelerating and purifying air, simultaneously causing internal charge imbalance of bacteria to cause metabolism to be slowed down, and playing a role in promoting the decomposition and antibiosis of the photocatalytic material;
3) in order to enhance the catalytic efficiency, the positive electrode and the negative electrode should be adjusted at a change angle of 10 °/s in a direction opposite to the change direction of the electric field, so as to enhance the desorption efficiency of the gas product in the catalytic process, and finally promote the overall catalytic efficiency.
4) Under the condition of room temperature, the electric field intensity range is set to be 5-10a.u., the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 5-10cm, the voltage is 50V, the compressed air flow rate is 0.2m/s, and fresh air below a safety threshold value is continuously provided for the cavity.
The photocatalytic module 3 formed by the photocatalytic material and the porous material carrier adopts a cylindrical design, so that the contact area between air and bacteria and the photocatalytic material can be increased. The photocatalytic material is mainly selected from g-C3N4Materials, in particular g-C, after modification3N4In order to better exert the performance of the photocatalytic material, the composite material utilizes an atomization spraying technology to uniformly spray the photocatalytic material solution on a porous material carrier, wherein the porous material carrier is selected from foamed nickel.
In the scenes of industrial waste gas purification and the like:
the industrial waste gas is mainly characterized by high concentration and complex types, and mainly comprises CH4，CO，SO2And NO and other harmful pollutant gases. Based on the original industrial waste gas treatment, when a photocatalytic gas purification system is applied, the industrial waste gas is removed by means of properly adjusting the field intensity, slowing down the flow speed of the waste gas, increasing the types of photocatalytic materials and the like, wherein the concentration of CO is lower than 0.2mg/m3The concentration of nitrogen oxide is less than 0.015mg/m3Total hydrocarbons less than 0.14mg/m3Benzene series is less than 0.001mg/m3Aldehydes less than 0.05mg/m3The concentration value of the pollutants is lower than the current national standard.
1) A filter screen capable of primarily filtering the waste gas is arranged to shield and filter large granular substances or dust; if the oxygen content in the exhaust gas is too low, oxygen-containing air is additionally fed in via an air compressor.
2) Air after primary filtration enters the cavity, the air flow rate ranges from 0.3m/s to 24.4m/s, the waste gas concentration is detected through the air quality detection component, the air flow rate is adjusted through the flow rate control module, the electric field direction and the field intensity are adjusted through the adjusting component, and the electric field intensity is 25a.u., so that pollutants are selectively charged, electron hole recombination of the photocatalytic material is inhibited, and more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals are generated. Increasing the types and the quantity of the photocatalytic materials to slow down the flow rate of the gas and purify the gas with complex types; under the condition of room temperature, the electric field intensity is 25a.u., the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 1-1.5m, the direction of the electric field is adjusted by adopting the angle change of 1 degree/s, the alternating current is adopted to be 220V, and the air flow rate is in the range of 0.3m/s-24.4 m/s.
3) In order to effectively enhance the desorption efficiency of the catalytic product, the desorption efficiency should be adjusted by a change angle of 5 °/s in the direction opposite to the direction of the electric field, so as to weaken the adsorption capacity of the gas product in the catalytic process and finally promote the overall catalytic efficiency.
The module formed by the photocatalytic material and the porous material carrier adopts a cuboid design, is overlapped in multiple layers to form a strip shape, can provide enough space, improves the contact between air and the photocatalytic material, and the photocatalytic material is g-C3N4/SiO2The composite material is uniformly loaded on a porous material carrier by utilizing a photocatalytic powder spraying technology, and the porous material carrier loaded with the photocatalyst is foamed ceramic.
In public places with high mobility of personnel such as hospitals, underground parking lots, subways and the like:
the air flow in this scenario is poor, and accumulated contaminants and bacteria are easily formed, thusWhen the photocatalysis gas purification system is used, the field intensity is properly adjusted, and the air purification and antibacterial functions are taken into consideration simultaneously, so that the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is lower than 10mg/m3The concentration of formaldehyde is less than 0.1mg/m3The concentration of benzene, toluene and xylene is less than 0.1mg/m3Total volatile organic compounds less than 0.6mg/m3The concentration of the pollutants is lower than that required by GB 37488-2019.
1) Air enters an electric field, electric field intensity and direction are adjusted through an adjusting assembly, pollutants are selectively charged, electric field charge in bacteria is unbalanced, hole-electron (photon-generated carrier) recombination of a photocatalytic material is inhibited, and the effects of accelerating air purification and resisting bacteria are achieved;
2) under the condition of room temperature, the electric field is adjusted to be 0 +/-20 a.u. by the adjusting component, the electric field is changed in the form of a periodic square wave, the air flow speed is 5m/s, and the air is continuously cleaned.
Wherein the photocatalytic material and the porous material carrier adopt a cylindrical design, are stacked in multiple layers, provide enough space, improve the contact area of air and the photocatalytic material, and the photocatalytic material is g-C3N4The/graphene composite material is uniformly loaded on a porous material carrier by utilizing a photocatalytic powder spraying technology, and the porous material carrier loaded with the photocatalyst adopts honeycomb ceramics.
In addition, aiming at the sudden infectious diseases generated in the scenes, under the conditions of unclear disease sources and pathogenic bacteria and the like, the external voltage of the power supply can be adjusted to the following values in real time through the adjusting component: the optimal intensity of the electric field is optimized by 50V, 100V, 150V and 220V, and the air circulation speed is increased, so that the infectious bacteria flowing in the air are rapidly charged under the action of the photocatalytic material, and the metabolism and the decomposition of the infectious harmful bacteria are prevented.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of photocatalytic gas purification, comprising:
arranging a photocatalysis module comprising a photocatalysis material and a light source, wherein light beams emitted by the light source can be projected onto the photocatalysis material, and the photocatalysis material is positioned in a gas flowing space;
arranging an electric field module and enabling the photocatalytic material to be positioned in an electric field formed by the electric field module;
and adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field so as to adjust the oxidation reduction capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, the adsorption capability and the desorption capability of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, the selective adsorption capability of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and the antibacterial capability of the photocatalytic material.
2. The photocatalytic gas purification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the field intensity of the electric field is increased, and the oxidation reduction capability, the adsorption capability and the antibacterial capability of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules are enhanced.
3. The photocatalytic gas purification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and adjusting the field intensity of the electric field to be greater than or equal to a preset value to enable the adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to be capable of adsorbing specific types of gas molecules, or adjusting the field intensity of the electric field to be smaller than the preset value to enable the adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to be insufficient to adsorb the specific types of gas molecules, so that selective adsorption of the photocatalytic material on the gas molecules is realized.
4. The photocatalytic gas purification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and reducing the field intensity of the electric field and/or changing the direction of the electric field so as to reduce the adsorption force between the catalytic product adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material and the photocatalytic material to enable the catalytic product to be desorbed from the surface of the photocatalytic material.
5. The photocatalytic gas purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by: changing the positions of the anode and the cathode included in the electric field module to change the direction of the electric field; and/or the like, and/or,
and changing the facing area of the anode and the cathode, and/or changing the vertical distance between the anode and the cathode, and/or changing the magnitude of the applied voltage of the electric field so as to change the magnitude of the field intensity of the electric field.
6. The photocatalytic gas purification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: arranging a flow rate control assembly for regulating and controlling the flow rate of the gas in the space where the gas flows; and/or the like, and/or,
a light source adjustment assembly is provided for adjusting the turning on, off and/or brightness of the light source.
7. A photocatalytic gas purification system, comprising: ,
the photocatalysis module comprises a photocatalysis material and a light source, wherein light beams of the photocatalysis material can be projected to the photocatalysis material; the photocatalytic material is positioned in a space where gas flows;
the electric field module comprises an anode, a cathode and a power supply which is electrically connected with the anode and the cathode respectively; the power supply provides an external voltage for the anode and the cathode to form an electric field between the anode and the cathode, and the photocatalytic material is positioned in the electric field;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the direction and the field intensity of the electric field so as to be used for adjusting the redox capacity of the photocatalytic material to gas molecules, adjusting the adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to the gas molecules, adjusting the selective adsorption capacity of the photocatalytic material to different types of gas molecules and adjusting the antibacterial capacity of the photocatalytic material.
8. The photocatalytic gas purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the photocatalytic material is attached to the porous material carrier, and the photocatalytic material is supported by the porous material carrier.
9. The photocatalytic gas purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the anode is a conductive porous material carrier, the photocatalytic material is attached to the anode, and the photocatalytic material is supported by the anode; or,
the negative electrode is a conductive porous material carrier, the photocatalytic material is attached to the negative electrode, and the photocatalytic material is supported by the negative electrode.
10. The photocatalytic gas purification system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that:
the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both flat plate electrodes and are arranged at intervals in one direction; or,
the anode and the cathode are arc electrodes and are arranged at intervals in one direction; or,
the anode is cylindrical, the cathode is flat, the cathode is arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical anode along the axial direction of the cylindrical anode, and at least one cathode is arranged; or,
the negative pole is cylindrical, the positive pole is flat, the positive pole is arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical negative pole along the axial direction of the cylindrical negative pole, and at least one positive pole is arranged.
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