CN111106302A - Cylindrical lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cylindrical lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111106302A CN111106302A CN201911167043.8A CN201911167043A CN111106302A CN 111106302 A CN111106302 A CN 111106302A CN 201911167043 A CN201911167043 A CN 201911167043A CN 111106302 A CN111106302 A CN 111106302A
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYYBJNSLLBAGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1C(CCC1)=O.[N] Chemical compound CN1C(CCC1)=O.[N] OTYYBJNSLLBAGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cylindrical lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell, wherein a positive lug is arranged at the position 1/4-1/2 in the length direction of the positive plate, a 1pcs short negative lug and a 1pcs long negative lug are respectively arranged at the two ends in the length direction of the negative plate, and meanwhile, the formula and the preparation process of the positive plate and the negative plate of the battery are improved; the battery has the advantages of long service cycle life, strong temperature adaptability and low battery cost. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the cylindrical lithium ion battery, which has simple production process and low cost, can obtain the lithium ion battery with excellent comprehensive performance by combining the improved raw material formula and the electrode plate structure, is applied to the market fields of digital, power, energy storage and the like, and can completely replace lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion secondary batteries, in particular to a cylindrical lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
18650 is a lithium ion battery, has the advantages of light weight, large capacity, no memory effect, etc., its capacity is generally 1200-3600 mah, the cycle life can reach more than 500 times in normal use, and is more than twice of that of a common battery, and has high safety, no explosion, no combustion, no toxicity, and no pollution. In recent years, with the continuous development of new energy industries, the application field of lithium ion batteries is wider and wider. The lithium iron phosphate battery is a common 18650 lithium battery, has relatively high specific capacity, stable working pressure and long cycle life, is rich in raw materials, low in price and good in stability, is one of green materials with development prospects at home and abroad at present, but also has the defects of low conductivity, small lithium ion diffusion coefficient and the like, and limits practical application of the lithium iron phosphate battery. In addition, compared with the general battery production, the 18650 lithium battery has high requirements on production conditions, and each process in the battery manufacturing process has certain waste, which further increases the production cost.
18650 lithium ion battery can be widely used in each big electron field: high-grade highlight flashlight, portable power supply, wireless data transmitter, electric heating thermal clothes, shoes, portable instruments and meters, portable lighting equipment, portable printers, industrial instruments, medical instruments and the like. The consumer market therefore places higher demands on the service life, temperature adaptability, and cost of lithium ion batteries. The pole piece of the lithium battery has important significance for the lithium battery, and the structure, the coating and the preparation process of the pole piece directly influence the capacity, the safety, the service life and the temperature adaptability of the finished battery. Therefore, the purposes of prolonging the service life of the battery, improving the temperature adaptability of the battery and reducing the cost of the battery are achieved by improving the raw material formula of the lithium ion battery, designing the electrode plate structure and improving the preparation process of the battery, so that the market demand is met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a cylindrical lithium ion battery, which is prepared by improving the formula of the raw materials of the battery and designing the structure of an electrode plate, has the advantages of long service life, strong temperature adaptability and low battery cost, is 18650 plus 1800mAh, is applied to the market fields of digital, power, energy storage and the like, and can completely replace a lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery and the like.
The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the cylindrical lithium ion battery, which has low production cost, and can obtain the lithium ion battery with excellent comprehensive performance by adjusting and optimizing the production process.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a cylindrical lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell; the positive plate comprises a positive metal foil, a positive coating coated on the positive metal foil and a positive lug in conductive connection with the positive metal foil; the negative plate comprises a negative metal foil, a negative coating coated on the negative metal foil and a negative lug electrically connected with the negative metal foil; the positive coating comprises a positive active substance, a positive binder, a positive conductive agent and a positive dispersing agent; the negative electrode coating comprises a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, a negative electrode conductive agent and a negative electrode suspending agent;
preferably, the positive tab is arranged at 1/4-1/2 in the length direction of the positive plate; the negative electrode tabs comprise 1pcs short negative electrode tabs and 1pcs long negative electrode tabs which are arranged at two ends of the negative electrode piece in the length direction;
the cathode active material is a modified nano-scale lithium iron phosphate material, and the gram capacity of the modified nano-scale lithium iron phosphate material is 152-158 mAh/g;
the negative active material is modified artificial graphite, and the modified artificial graphite is prepared by mixing, grinding and sintering needle coke and a nano coating material in sequence.
Further, the positive tab is arranged at 1/3 in the length direction of the positive plate; the length of the part of the short negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative electrode plate, is 6-12 mm; the length of the part of the long negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative electrode plate, is 14-18 mm.
The long negative electrode tab and the short negative electrode tab are defined by the length of the part of the electrode tab exceeding the negative electrode plate, and the long negative electrode tab and the short negative electrode tab can reduce the internal resistance of the battery structure and meet the structural design requirement. When the length of the short negative electrode tab exceeding the pole piece part exceeds 12mm, the safety risk exists, and preferably, the length of the short negative electrode tab exceeding the negative pole piece part is 6-8 mm; when the length of the part of the long negative electrode tab, which exceeds the pole piece, exceeds 18mm, the safety risk exists, and preferably, the length of the part of the long negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative pole piece, is 14-16 mm.
Further, the modified nanoscale lithium iron phosphate material is prepared by sequentially doping metal oxide powder, coating carbon and sintering a microporous iron phosphate raw material with the purity of more than or equal to 99.8% and a lithium carbonate raw material with the purity of more than or equal to 99.995%.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the microporous iron phosphate to the lithium carbonate is 1: (1.02-1.05).
Further, D of the microporous ferric phosphate raw material5040-80 nm; the metal oxide powder is one or more of metal magnesium, copper, aluminum, titanium and zirconium oxide powder; d of the metal oxide powder50Less than 80 nm; the carbon-coated carbon source comprises one or more of acetylene black, phenolic resin, superfine carbon powder (SP), glucose and sucrose.
Further, D of the needle coke50Is 4-8 μm; the nano coating material is nano metal oxide.
Further, the positive electrode binder is high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride, and the molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride is 90-130 ten thousand; the positive dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
Further, the anode coating comprises 90.0-97.6% of anode active substance, 0.8-6.0% of anode binder, 0.2-8.0% of anode conductive agent and 0.02-4.0% of anode dispersant by mass percentage.
Further, the negative electrode coating comprises 86.0-97.6% of a negative electrode active material, 1.4-3.4% of a negative electrode binder, 0.2-6.0% of a negative electrode conductive agent and 1.2-4.0% of a negative electrode suspending agent in percentage by mass.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the cylindrical lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the positive plate comprises the following steps: mixing the positive electrode coating according to a formula amount, adding a nitrogen-methyl pyrrolidone solvent (NMP) for mixing to prepare a positive electrode coating with the solid content of 53%, coating the positive electrode coating on a positive electrode metal foil, drying, rolling and cutting into a long strip-shaped positive electrode sheet with the width of 56.5 +/-1 mm, and welding a positive electrode lug on a gap metal foil sheet at 1/3 in the length direction of the long strip-shaped positive electrode sheet to prepare the positive electrode sheet;
the preparation method of the negative plate comprises the following steps: mixing the negative electrode coatings according to the formula amount, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing to prepare a negative electrode coating with the solid content of 50%, coating the negative electrode coating on a negative electrode metal foil, drying, rolling and cutting into a strip-shaped negative electrode sheet with the width of 58.0 +/-1 mm, and respectively welding a 1pcs long negative electrode lug and a 1pcs short negative electrode lug at the gap metal foil at two ends of the strip-shaped negative electrode sheet in the length direction to prepare a negative electrode sheet;
assembling the battery: putting the prepared positive and negative pole pieces into a vacuum oven, and baking to remove water; overlapping the baked positive and negative plates and the diaphragm according to the sequence of 'diaphragm/negative plate/diaphragm/positive plate' and then winding the stacked positive and negative plates and diaphragm into a cylindrical pole group winding core, wherein one end connected with a short negative pole lug is wound firstly during winding; the width of the diaphragm is 60.0 +/-1 mm; sleeving the winding core into a battery shell, wherein the battery shell comprises a nickel-plated steel shell and a cover cap; welding the negative electrode tab at the bottom in the nickel-plated steel shell, performing roller grooving, and welding the positive electrode tab at the cap to prepare a semi-finished product battery cell; after baking the semi-finished product battery cell, injecting electrolyte according to an injection process; sealing, laying aside, activating, charging and forming to obtain 18650 type 1800mAh battery.
Further, the drying temperature of the preparation step of the positive plate is 120-150 ℃; the drying temperature of the preparation step of the negative plate is 100-130 ℃; the thickness of the positive plate is 145-149 mu m; the thickness of the negative plate is 118-123 μm.
Further, the liquid injection process comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte for 5-7 times, vacuumizing (-0.050) - (-0.075) MPa after each injection, maintaining the pressure for 60-90s, adding 1.2-2.0kg/cm2 of positive pressure, and maintaining the pressure for 30-60 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the capacity of the cylindrical lithium ion battery of the invention after 100% DOD charge-discharge circulation for 2000 times is more than or equal to 80% of the initial capacity, the discharge temperature range of the battery is-20 to +60 ℃, wherein the discharge capacity under the condition of-20 ℃ is more than or equal to 60% of the initial capacity, the cost of the battery is reduced by 20% on the same scale, and the battery is applied to the market fields of digital, power, energy storage and the like and can completely replace lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and the like.
2. According to the invention, the positive and negative pole pieces with excellent comprehensive performance are obtained by selecting and improving the purity of the raw materials of the battery. The battery has high raw material capacity, high conductivity, small resistance of a pole piece and good lithium ion intercalation/deintercalation performance; meanwhile, the area of an SEI film is reduced, the lithium ion consumption is reduced, the reversible capacity of the battery is high, and the stability, the cycle life and the low-temperature performance of the battery product are greatly improved.
3. The invention designs the positive electrode lug and the negative electrode lug with special structures, thereby reducing the internal resistance of the battery, improving the performance of the battery, reducing the heat generation quantity of the battery and improving the safety performance.
4. Aiming at the characteristics of small particle size and large specific surface area of the improved raw material main material, the invention increases the pole piece baking procedure before the battery assembly and fully removes the water in the pole piece; the electrolyte injection process is optimized, the injection amount of the electrolyte is increased, the electrolyte can fully enter the material gap, the purpose of complete infiltration is achieved, the comprehensive performance of the product is improved, and the production cost is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a cylindrical lithium ion battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure:
1. a positive plate; 11. a positive tab; 2. a negative plate; 21. a negative tab; 3. a diaphragm; 41. a nickel plated steel housing; 42. capping; 5. an insulating spacer; 6. a safety valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cylindrical lithium ion battery, the battery has a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the cylinder is 18.25 ± 0.35mm, the height of the cylinder is 65.00 ± 0.30mm, and the cylindrical lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate 1, a negative plate 2, a diaphragm 3, an electrolyte and a battery case, the battery case is composed of a nickel-plated steel casing 41 and a cap 42, and the battery electrode group is a winding-type electrode assembly; the cylindrical lithium ion battery also comprises an insulating gasket 5 and a safety valve 6.
The battery positive plate comprises a positive metal foil, a positive coating coated on the positive metal foil, and a 1pcs positive lug 11 in conductive connection with the positive metal foil; the battery negative plate comprises a negative metal foil, a negative coating coated on the negative metal foil and a negative lug 21 electrically connected with the negative metal foil.
As a further preferable scheme, the positive electrode coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the positive active material is a modified nanoscale lithium iron phosphate material, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
1) the purity of the raw materials is improved: mixing iron phosphate (FePO)4) The purity of the product is increased from 99.5% to 99.8% or more, and lithium carbonate (Li)2CO3) The purity of the lithium iron phosphate is improved to 99.995% and above from 99.95%, and the purity of the carbon source is improved to 99.95% and above from 99.8%, so that the obtained lithium iron phosphate material has higher purity, less impurities, good particle morphology and better performance;
2) optimizing a sintering process: selecting D with smaller particle size50The iron phosphate raw material is 40-80nm and has a large number of micropores in the middle of the particles, the sintering temperature and the pressure of the protective atmosphere are increased, and the obtained lithium iron phosphate material has small primary particle diameter and D50Less than 100nm, large specific surface area, high surface activity and better comprehensive performance;
3) metal ion doping: the doped element comprises Mg2+、Cu2+、Al3+、Ti4+、Zr4+One or more of the four elements, adding doped metal oxide powder in the mixing step, D50Less than 80nm, and mixing and sintering together, so that the obtained lithium iron phosphate material has higher gram capacity which can reach 152 ion-doped 158mAh/g, is favorable for improving the capacity of a battery product, has higher conductivity which can reach 2-5 multiplied by 10-2S/cm, which is beneficial to the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions;
4) carbon coating: the carbon source used comprises one or more of acetylene black, phenolic resin, SP (superfine carbon powder), glucose and sucrose, and the carbon is coated on the surface of lithium iron phosphate particles to limit the continuous increase of the particle size of lithium iron phosphate crystals, so that the obtained lithium iron phosphate material has small particle size and high consistency, and the surface is coated with a carbon layer to promote the insertion/extraction of lithium ions, thereby being beneficial to improving the cycle and low-temperature performance of a battery product.
Furthermore, the positive electrode binder is high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride (HMPVDF), the molecular weight reaches 90-130 ten thousand, the addition amount is small, the proportion of main materials is improved, and the improvement of the battery capacity is facilitated; the positive adhesive has CTFE, TFE, VCA, HFP and the like as functional groups, has good flexibility and adhesive force, can keep the materials and the current collector, the material particles and the conductive agent to be stably bonded at low temperature, and ensures the integrity of the pole piece structure. The positive dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), can promote the dispersion of nanoscale lithium iron phosphate particles and conductive agent particles, prevent small particles from agglomerating, keep the stability of the slurry, reduce the resistance of a pole piece and improve the performance of the battery.
As a further preferable scheme, the negative electrode coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
wherein the negative active material is modified artificial graphite, and the modification measures comprise: selecting materials for graphite raw materials, improving a sintering process and coating modification. Specifically, in the aspect of selecting the graphite raw material, needle coke with small grain size is selected, and D50Is 4-8 μm, is beneficial to obtaining graphite crystal particles with small particle size, and is beneficial to improving the low-temperature performance of graphite. The sintering process is improved, the small-particle-size needle coke and the nano coating material are fully mixed before sintering, the grinding step is added, and the D50 of the ground needle coke is within the range of 2-7 mu m; in the sintering process, the sintering time, temperature, heating and cooling procedures are optimized, so that the sintered graphite particles have high reversible capacity, less impurities and small impedance, and the low-temperature performance of the graphite is favorably improved. In the aspect of coating modification, nano metal oxide is added before sintering, and the mixture is filledMixing, grinding and sintering, and coating the metal oxide on the surface of the graphite particles to form a uniform protective film interface; the protective film covers the surface of graphite particles, so that the direct contact area of graphite and an electrolyte solvent is reduced, the area of the formed SEI film is reduced, the consumed lithium ions are reduced, and the reversible capacity of the battery is improved. Because the conduction rate of lithium ions in the oxide film is higher, after the metal oxide is coated, the resistance of graphite is reduced, and the resistance of the manufactured negative plate is reduced, so that the low-temperature performance of the product is improved.
As a further preferred scheme, the electrode slice structure is designed as follows:
binding active properties, such as: material particle size, particle size distribution, bulk density, and requirements for conductive agents, and battery design requirements, such as: electrode slice structural optimization, battery structural optimization, design positive plate size for: length (738 ± 50) mm, width (56.5 ± 1) mm, thickness (0.147 ± 0.010) mm, and negative electrode sheet size: the length (824 +/-50) mm, the width (58.0 +/-1) mm and the thickness (0.147 +/-0.010) mm meet the requirement that the width of the negative electrode plate is 1.5mm wider than that of the positive electrode plate. Meanwhile, the positive tab is positioned at 1/4-1/2 in the length direction of the positive plate, and the two ends (head and tail) in the length direction of the negative plate are respectively provided with a 1pcs short negative tab and a 1pcs long negative tab, so that the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, the heat generation amount is reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the safety performance is improved.
As a further preferable scheme, the positive electrode tab is arranged at 1/3 in the length direction of the positive electrode sheet; the length of the part of the short negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative electrode sheet, is 6-12 mm; the length of the part of the long negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative electrode plate, is 14-18 mm.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the cylindrical lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the positive plate comprises the following steps: mixing the positive coating according to the formula amount, adding a nitrogen-methyl pyrrolidone solvent (NMP) for mixing to obtain a positive coating with the solid content of 53%, coating the positive coating on a positive metal foil, drying at the temperature of 120-;
the preparation method of the negative plate comprises the following steps: mixing the negative electrode coatings according to the formula amount, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing to prepare a negative electrode coating with the solid content of 50%, coating the negative electrode coating on a negative electrode metal foil, drying at 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling and shearing into a strip-shaped negative electrode sheet with the width of 58.0 +/-1 mm and the thickness of 118-;
assembling the battery: putting the prepared positive and negative pole pieces into a vacuum oven, and baking to remove water according to a pole piece baking process; overlapping the baked positive and negative plates and the diaphragm according to the sequence of 'diaphragm/negative plate/diaphragm/positive plate' and then winding the stacked positive and negative plates and diaphragm into a cylindrical pole group winding core, wherein one end connected with a short negative pole lug is wound firstly during winding; the width of the diaphragm is 60.0 +/-1 mm; sleeving the winding core into a battery shell, and welding the negative electrode lug at the bottom of the nickel-plated steel shell; a roller groove, wherein the positive lug is welded at the cap to manufacture a semi-finished product battery cell; baking the semi-finished product battery cell according to a battery cell baking process; injecting electrolyte according to an injection process; sealing, standing, activating, and charging according to formation process to obtain 18650 type 1800mAh battery.
Wherein, the pole piece baking process comprises the following steps: 1) heating to 95 deg.C, and vacuumizing to-0.095 MPa for 10 min; 2) heating to 95 deg.C, charging nitrogen to-0.065 MPa, and maintaining for 10 min; 3) heating at 90 deg.C under-0.065 MPa, and blowing for 60 min; 4) heating to 90 deg.C, and vacuumizing to-0.095 MPa for 5 min; 5) heating to 90 deg.C, charging nitrogen to-0.065 MPa, blowing, and maintaining for 30 min; 6) heating to 90 deg.C, and vacuumizing to-0.095 MPa for 5 min; 7) and 4) circulating for 10 weeks, and finishing baking the pole piece.
The battery cell baking process comprises the following steps: 1) heating to 95 deg.C, and vacuumizing to-0.095 MPa for 20 min; 2) heating to 95 deg.C, charging nitrogen to-0.065 MPa, and maintaining for 20 min; 3) heating at 90 deg.C under-0.065 MPa, and blowing for 60 min; 4) heating to 90 deg.C, and vacuumizing to-0.095 MPa for 5 min; 5) heating to 90 deg.C, charging nitrogen to-0.065 MPa, blowing, and maintaining for 50 min; 6) heating to 90 deg.C, and vacuumizing to-0.095 MPa for 5 min; 7) and 4) circulating for 24 weeks, and finishing baking the battery cell.
The liquid injection process comprises the following steps: 1) the glove box requires that: the temperature is 21 +/-6 ℃, the humidity is less than or equal to 2.0 percent RH, and the dew point temperature is less than or equal to-40 ℃; 2) the requirement of a battery cell to be injected is as follows: the temperature of the battery core is 65 +/-5 ℃, the moisture content of the positive plate is less than or equal to 250ppm, and the moisture content of the negative plate is less than or equal to 350 ppm; 3) the total injection amount is 5.4-6.0g, and the injection is divided into 5-7 times; 4) preferably, the total injection amount is 5.6 +/-0.1 g, the injection is divided into 6 times (1.4g/1.4g/1.0g/0.8g/0.6g/0.4g), the vacuum (-0.050) - (-0.075) MPa is vacuumized after each injection, the pressure maintaining time is 60-90s, then the positive pressure is 1.2-2.0kg/cm2, and the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 s; and finishing the electrolyte injection process after the electrolyte is injected and completely permeates into the battery core.
The modified main material of the pole piece coating has small particle size and larger specific surface area, so that the dispersion difficulty in the homogenizing process is increased, the pole piece is easy to absorb water in the turnover process, the internal water is difficult to remove, and the demand on electrolyte is increased. Therefore, corresponding process parameters and a homogenization process are reasonably adjusted, the stirring speed is increased, and the stirring time is prolonged; a pole piece baking procedure before battery assembly is added, and water in the pole piece is fully removed; the liquid injection amount of the electrolyte is increased, the positive/negative pressure and time of the liquid injection are adjusted, the infiltration temperature is increased, the infiltration time is prolonged, the electrolyte fully enters the gaps of the material, the purpose of complete infiltration is achieved, and the comprehensive performance of the product is improved.
The following describes the manufacturing method and test procedure of the lithium ion battery by three preferred embodiments:
example 1
Preparing a negative plate: 1.4 wt% of suspending agent dry powder, 94.8 wt% of graphite powder, 1.8 wt% of conductive agent and 2.0 wt% of binder are mixed, deionized water is added and mixed uniformly to prepare negative electrode slurry with 50% of solid content, the negative electrode slurry is coated on a metal copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m in an intermittent manner, the negative electrode slurry is dried at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolled into a negative electrode sheet with the thickness of about 120 mu m, the negative electrode sheet is cut into a strip shape, the width of the negative electrode sheet is 58.0mm, a long negative electrode tab and a short negative electrode tab with the thickness of 2pcs are welded at a gap foil to prepare the negative electrode sheet, the head part and the tail part of the negative electrode sheet are respectively provided with 1pcs of tabs, wherein the head part is a short tab, and.
Preparing a positive plate: mixing 2.5 wt% of dry adhesive powder, 1.5 wt% of conductive agent (wherein, the content of the conductive agent 1 is 1 wt%, the content of the conductive agent 2 is 0.5 wt%), 0.2 wt% of dispersing agent, 95.8 wt% of active matter and a proper amount of NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent) to prepare anode slurry with the solid content of 53%, intermittently coating the anode slurry on a metal aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 microns, drying the aluminum foil at the temperature of 120 plus 150 ℃, rolling the aluminum foil into an anode sheet with the thickness of about 147 microns, cutting the anode sheet into a strip shape, wherein the width of the anode sheet is 56.5mm, and welding an anode lug at the gap foil to prepare the anode sheet, wherein the anode sheet meets the following requirements: the tab position is at 1/3 along the length of the positive tab.
Assembling the battery: putting the prepared positive and negative pole pieces into a vacuum oven, and baking to remove water according to the pole piece baking process; and overlapping the baked positive and negative plates and the diaphragm according to the sequence of diaphragm/negative plate/diaphragm/positive plate, and winding into a cylindrical pole group winding core, wherein the width of the diaphragm is 60.0 mm. After the lower gasket is sleeved at the bottom of the winding core, the winding core is sleeved in the steel shell, the negative electrode lug is welded at the bottom of the steel shell in a spot mode, and then a roller groove is formed; and welding the positive lug at the position of the cap bus sheet by laser welding to prepare a semi-finished product battery cell. Baking the battery core by using a battery core baking process, injecting 6.00 +/-0.1 g of electrolyte, sealing, laying aside and activating the battery, and fully soaking the positive and negative electrode materials and the diaphragm by using the electrolyte; after the battery is charged and formed according to the formation process, the 18650-1800mAh battery is assembled.
Testing of the battery: the charging and discharging limit voltage of the battery is 3.65V-2.00V, when the battery is subjected to constant-current constant-voltage charging (the cut-off current is 0.01CA) with the current of 0.2CA until the voltage is 3.65V and is placed for 5min, and then the battery is discharged with the constant current of 0.2CA until the voltage is 2.00V, the discharging capacity of the battery is not lower than the nominal capacity; the battery is charged with 0.5 CA/discharged with 1.0CA for 2000 times under the environment of 25 ℃; after the battery is charged in an environment of 25 ℃, the battery is subjected to discharge test capacity with 0.2CA in the environment of 25, 60 and-20 ℃ respectively; the cell was cycled 1000 times at 60 ℃ with 0.5CA charge/1.0 CA discharge.
Example 2
Preparing a negative plate: 1.6 wt% of suspending agent dry powder, 94.3 wt% of graphite powder, 2.1 wt% of conductive agent and 2.0 wt% of binder are mixed, deionized water is added and mixed uniformly to prepare negative electrode slurry with 50% of solid content, the negative electrode slurry is coated on a metal copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m in an intermittent manner, after the negative electrode slurry is dried at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, a negative electrode sheet with the thickness of about 123 mu m is rolled and cut into a strip shape, the width of the electrode sheet is 58.0mm, a long negative electrode tab and a short negative electrode tab with the thickness of 2pcs are welded at a gap foil to prepare the negative electrode sheet, the head part and the tail part of the negative electrode sheet are respectively provided with 1pcs of tabs, wherein the head part is a short tab, and the tail.
Preparing a positive plate: mixing 2.6 wt% of binder dry powder, 1.7 wt% of conductive agent (wherein, 1 wt% of conductive agent 1, 0.7 wt% of conductive agent 2), 0.3 wt% of dispersant, 95.4 wt% of active matter and a proper amount of NMP to prepare anode slurry with 53% of solid content, intermittently coating the anode slurry on a metal aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 microns, drying the aluminum foil at the temperature of 120 plus 150 ℃, rolling the aluminum foil into an anode sheet with the thickness of about 149 microns, cutting the anode sheet into a strip shape, wherein the width of the anode sheet is 56.5mm, and welding an anode lug at a gap foil material to prepare the anode sheet, wherein the anode sheet meets the following requirements: the tab position is at 1/3 along the length of the positive tab.
Assembling the battery: the assembly is the same as in embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail.
Testing of the battery: the test method is the same as that of example 1, and is not described in detail here.
Example 3
Preparing a negative plate: 1.7 wt% of suspending agent dry powder, 94.2 wt% of graphite powder, 2.3 wt% of conductive agent and 1.8 wt% of binder are mixed, deionized water is added and mixed uniformly to prepare negative electrode slurry with 50% of solid content, the negative electrode slurry is coated on a metal copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m in an intermittent manner, after the negative electrode slurry is dried at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, a negative electrode sheet with the thickness of about 118 mu m is rolled and cut into a strip shape, the width of the electrode sheet is 58.0mm, a long negative electrode tab and a short negative electrode tab with the thickness of 2pcs are welded at a gap foil to prepare the negative electrode sheet, the head part and the tail part of the negative electrode sheet are respectively provided with 1pcs of tabs, wherein the head part is a short tab, and the tail.
Preparing a positive plate: mixing 2.7 wt% of binder dry powder, 1.8 wt% of conductive agent (wherein, the content of the conductive agent 1 is 1.1 wt%, the content of the conductive agent 2 is 0.7 wt%), 0.1 wt% of dispersant, 95.4 wt% of active matter and a proper amount of NMP to prepare anode slurry with the solid content of 53%, intermittently coating the anode slurry on a metal aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 microns, drying the aluminum foil at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃, rolling the aluminum foil into an anode sheet with the thickness of about 145 microns, cutting the anode sheet into long strips, wherein the width of the anode sheet is 56.5mm, welding anode lugs at the gap foil material to prepare the anode sheet, and the anode sheet meets the following requirements: the tab position is at 1/3 along the length of the positive tab.
Assembling the battery: the assembly is the same as in embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail.
Testing of the battery: the test method is the same as that of example 1, and is not described in detail here.
Comparative example:
comparing with a conventional 18650-1800mAh cylindrical lithium ion battery on the market, testing the battery: when the battery is charged with constant current and constant voltage (the cut-off current is 0.01CA) to the upper limit voltage by 0.2CA current and then discharged to the lower limit voltage by 0.2CA constant current, the battery discharge capacity is 1850 mAh; the battery is charged with 0.5 CA/discharged with 1.0CA for 1000 times under the environment of 25 ℃; after the battery is charged in an environment of 25 ℃, the battery is subjected to discharge test capacity with 0.2CA in the environment of 25, 60 and-20 ℃ respectively; the cell was cycled 500 times at 60 ℃ with 0.5CA charge/1.0 CA discharge.
The test results are given in table 1 below:
table 1 performance of examples 1-3 prepared and comparative batteries
Table 1 shows the results of the battery tests in example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example. As can be seen from table 1, compared with the conventional 18650 lithium ion battery, the cylindrical lithium ion battery provided in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention has the advantages that, under the condition that the battery discharge capacity is not lower than the nominal capacity, the number of 0.5CA charge/1.0 CA discharge cycles is doubled, the capacity of 100% DOD charge-discharge cycles of the battery for 2000 times is greater than or equal to 80% of the initial capacity, and the battery cycle life is longer; the capacity retention rate of the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention is obviously improved under the environment of 60-20 ℃, and the battery has stronger adaptability to temperature; in addition, compared with the battery made of the ternary main material, the cost of the battery is reduced by more than 20 percent on a same scale. Can obviously meet the high requirements of the current consumer market on the service life, the temperature adaptability and the cost of the lithium ion battery.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the scope of the present invention claimed in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cylindrical lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell; the positive plate comprises a positive metal foil, a positive coating coated on the positive metal foil and a positive lug in conductive connection with the positive metal foil; the negative plate comprises a negative metal foil, a negative coating coated on the negative metal foil and a negative lug electrically connected with the negative metal foil; the positive coating comprises a positive active substance, a positive binder, a positive conductive agent and a positive dispersing agent; the negative electrode coating comprises a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, a negative electrode conductive agent and a negative electrode suspending agent;
the positive tab is arranged at 1/4-1/2 in the length direction of the positive plate; the negative electrode tabs comprise 1pcs short negative electrode tabs and 1pcs long negative electrode tabs which are arranged at two ends of the negative electrode piece in the length direction;
the positive active material is a modified nanoscale lithium iron phosphate material, and the gram capacity of the modified nanoscale lithium iron phosphate material is 152-158 mAh/g;
the negative active material is modified artificial graphite, and the modified artificial graphite is prepared by mixing, grinding and sintering needle coke and a nano coating material in sequence.
2. The cylindrical lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive tab is arranged at 1/3 along the length direction of the positive plate; the length of the part of the short negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative electrode plate, is 6-12 mm; the length of the part of the long negative electrode tab, which exceeds the negative electrode plate, is 14-18 mm.
3. The cylindrical lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the modified nanoscale lithium iron phosphate material is prepared by sequentially doping metal oxide powder, coating carbon and sintering a microporous ferric phosphate raw material with a purity of more than or equal to 99.8% and a lithium carbonate raw material with a purity of more than or equal to 99.995%; the weight ratio of the microporous ferric phosphate to the lithium carbonate is 1: (1.02-1.05).
4. The cylindrical lithium ion battery of claim 3, wherein D is the microporous ferric phosphate raw material5040-80 nm; the metal oxide powder is one or more of metal magnesium, copper, aluminum, titanium and zirconium oxide powder; d of the metal oxide powder50Less than 80 nm; the carbon-coated carbon source comprises one or more of acetylene black, phenolic resin, superfine carbon powder (SP), glucose and sucrose.
5. The cylindrical lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the needle coke has a D value50Is 4-8 μm; the nano coating material is nano metal oxide.
6. The cylindrical lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode binder is high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride having a molecular weight of 90-130 ten thousand; the positive dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
7. The cylindrical lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode coating comprises 90.0-97.6% of positive electrode active material, 0.8-6.0% of positive electrode binder, 0.2-8.0% of positive electrode conductive agent and 0.02-4.0% of positive electrode dispersant by mass percent; the negative coating comprises 86.0-97.6% of negative active material, 1.4-3.4% of negative binder, 0.2-6.0% of negative conductive agent and 1.2-4.0% of negative suspending agent by mass percentage.
8. A method for preparing a cylindrical lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
the preparation method of the positive plate comprises the following steps: mixing the positive electrode coating according to a formula amount, adding a nitrogen-methyl pyrrolidone solvent (NMP) for mixing to prepare a positive electrode coating with the solid content of 53%, coating the positive electrode coating on a positive electrode metal foil, drying, rolling and cutting into a long strip-shaped positive electrode sheet with the width of 56.5 +/-1 mm, and welding a positive electrode lug on a gap metal foil sheet at 1/3 in the length direction of the long strip-shaped positive electrode sheet to prepare the positive electrode sheet;
the preparation method of the negative plate comprises the following steps: mixing the negative electrode coatings according to the formula amount, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing to prepare a negative electrode coating with the solid content of 50%, coating the negative electrode coating on a negative electrode metal foil, drying, rolling and cutting into a strip-shaped negative electrode sheet with the width of 58.0 +/-1 mm, and respectively welding a 1pcs long negative electrode lug and a 1pcs short negative electrode lug at the gap metal foil at two ends of the strip-shaped negative electrode sheet in the length direction to prepare a negative electrode sheet;
assembling the battery: putting the prepared positive and negative pole pieces into a vacuum oven, and baking to remove water; overlapping the baked positive and negative plates and the diaphragm according to the sequence of 'diaphragm/negative plate/diaphragm/positive plate' and then winding the stacked positive and negative plates and diaphragm into a cylindrical pole group winding core, wherein one end connected with a short negative pole lug is wound firstly during winding; the width of the diaphragm is 60.0 +/-1 mm; sleeving the winding core into a battery shell, wherein the battery shell comprises a nickel-plated steel shell and a cover cap; welding the negative electrode tab at the bottom in the nickel-plated steel shell, performing roller grooving, and welding the positive electrode tab at the cap to prepare a semi-finished product battery cell; after baking the semi-finished product battery cell, injecting electrolyte according to an injection process; sealing, laying aside, activating, charging and forming to obtain 18650 type 1800mAh battery.
9. The method for preparing a cylindrical lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8, wherein the drying temperature of the step of preparing the positive plate is 120-150 ℃; the drying temperature of the preparation step of the negative plate is 100-130 ℃; the thickness of the positive plate is 145-149 mu m; the thickness of the negative plate is 118-123 μm.
10. The method for preparing a cylindrical lithium ion battery according to claim 8, wherein the liquid injection process comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte for 5-7 times, vacuumizing (-0.050) - (-0.075) MPa after each injection for 60-90s, and adding positive pressure of 1.2-2.0kg/cm2And the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 s.
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