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CN111075750A - A Turbomachinery Rotary Shaft Structure with Low Blast Loss and Balanced Axial Thrust - Google Patents

A Turbomachinery Rotary Shaft Structure with Low Blast Loss and Balanced Axial Thrust Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111075750A
CN111075750A CN201911235819.5A CN201911235819A CN111075750A CN 111075750 A CN111075750 A CN 111075750A CN 201911235819 A CN201911235819 A CN 201911235819A CN 111075750 A CN111075750 A CN 111075750A
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China
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chamber
rotating shaft
blast
thrust
axial
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CN201911235819.5A
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CN111075750B (en
Inventor
谢永慧
李金星
施东波
张荻
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/053—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/102—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/104—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps the sealing fluid being other than the working fluid or being the working fluid treated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/403—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，包括转轴，正负压一体化多功能泵等；其中，转轴鼓风段中部开设有环形凹槽；轴承及推力负载传感器背靠在鼓风段两侧端壁；转轴鼓风段端壁侧及凹槽侧均布置有密封齿；机组壳体为剖分式壳体；转轴与机组壳体之间构成轴承腔室、鼓风腔室和轴向平衡腔室；推力平衡臂端壁上布置有密封齿并将平衡腔室分为左、右两个腔室；密封环布置于机组壳体及转轴鼓风段凹槽内，并通过销块固定；压力传感器布置于鼓风腔室，用于实时监测压力，正负压一体式多功能泵的抽气口布置于鼓风腔室，喷气口布置于左、右轴向平衡腔室内。本发明可应用于极端条件，其结构简单、经济可靠，具有广阔的应用前景。

Figure 201911235819

The invention discloses a rotating shaft structure of a turbo machine with low blast loss and balancing axial thrust, including a rotating shaft, a positive and negative pressure integrated multi-functional pump, etc.; wherein, an annular groove is formed in the middle of the blast section of the rotating shaft; the bearing and The thrust load sensor is backed against the end walls on both sides of the blast section; sealing teeth are arranged on the end wall side and groove side of the blast section of the rotating shaft; the unit casing is a split casing; the bearing is formed between the rotating shaft and the unit casing chamber, blast chamber and axial balance chamber; sealing teeth are arranged on the end wall of the thrust balance arm and the balance chamber is divided into left and right chambers; the seal ring is arranged on the unit casing and the rotating shaft for blasting The pressure sensor is arranged in the blast chamber for real-time monitoring of the pressure, the suction port of the positive and negative pressure integrated multi-function pump is arranged in the blast chamber, and the air outlet is arranged in the left, Right axial balance chamber. The invention can be applied to extreme conditions, has simple structure, is economical and reliable, and has broad application prospects.

Figure 201911235819

Description

Low blast loss turbomachinery pivot structure that can balance axial thrust
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rotating shaft structure of a turbine machine, in particular to a rotating shaft structure of a turbine machine, which has low blast loss and can balance axial thrust.
Background
The rotating shaft is used as one of core components in the energy conversion process of the turbine machinery, when the rotating shaft works, torque needs to be transmitted, and the interference of axial thrust and the like caused by the pressure difference between a working area and a non-working area needs to be borne, so that the dynamic characteristics of the rotating shaft have important significance for safe, stable and efficient operation of a system. In recent years, with the increasing demand for power systems in the industrial field, turbomachinery equipment is becoming larger, more intelligent, higher in rotational speed, and higher in energy density. For the rotating shaft, the working load of the rotating shaft is continuously increased, and the high rotating speed not only brings challenges to the critical rotating speed, unbalanced response and stability of the rotating shaft, but also causes the increase of the blowing loss of the rotating system and is not beneficial to the improvement of the system performance. In addition, the axial thrust borne by the rotating shaft is increased due to the large-scale high-energy-density turbine machinery, the requirement of the increasing axial thrust is difficult to meet through the traditional rotating shaft material and the structural design for balancing the axial force, and a new test is brought to the selection of the rotating shaft material and the safety of operation.
Although great achievement is achieved in the aspects of reducing the loss of the rotating shaft and balancing the axial thrust, the current new energy situation puts higher requirements on the turbomachinery, the operating condition of the rotating shaft is worse, and the improvement of the efficiency and the operating safety of the rotating shaft is crucial to the efficient and stable operation of turbomachinery equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a turbomachine rotating shaft structure which has stable operation, small loss, low blast loss and balanced axial thrust and can balance the axial thrust, is a rotating shaft structure which can be applied to high-load extreme operation conditions and has simple structure, high safety and high economy, and has wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a low blast loss turbine mechanical rotating shaft structure capable of balancing axial thrust comprises a rotating shaft, a bearing, a unit shell, a sealing tooth, a thrust balancing arm, a sealing ring, a pin block, a pressure sensor, a positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump and a thrust load sensor; the rotating shaft is a stepped shaft and comprises three parts, namely a bearing section on two sides and a middle air blowing section, and an annular groove is formed in the middle of the air blowing section; the bearing sections on the two sides of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with a bearing and a thrust load sensor, and the bearing and the thrust load sensor are used in a set and lean against the end walls on the two sides of the air blowing section; sealing teeth are arranged on the end wall side and the groove side of the blast section of the rotating shaft; the unit shell is a split shell and comprises an upper cover plate and a lower seat which are detachable, and the unit shell is assembled through external bolts; a bearing chamber, a blast chamber and an axial balance chamber are formed between the rotating shaft and the unit shell (3);
the thrust balance arm is fixed on the unit shell and extends into the axial balance cavity and is used for dividing the axial balance cavity into a left cavity and a right cavity, and sealing teeth are arranged on the end wall of the thrust balance arm; the sealing rings are arranged in grooves of the blower section of the unit shell and the rotating shaft and are fixed through pin blocks;
the pressure sensor is arranged in the air blowing cavity through a through hole in the unit shell and used for monitoring the pressure in the air blowing cavity in real time, the air suction port of the positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump is arranged in the air blowing cavity through the through hole in the unit shell, the air jet port is arranged in the left and right axial balance cavities through the through hole in the thrust balance arm, and the positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump can achieve directional air suction and air blowing.
The invention is further improved in that the sealing teeth are circular teeth, triangular teeth, parabolic teeth, high and low teeth, longitudinal treeing teeth or helical teeth.
The invention is further improved in that the number of the sealing teeth is 3-8, and the ratio of the tooth thickness to the tooth height of the sealing teeth is 0.2-1.
The invention is further improved in that the number of the sealing ring teeth corresponds to the number of the sealing teeth, and the ratio of the tooth thickness to the tooth height is 0.2-1.
The invention has the further improvement that the sealing rings and the sealing teeth are arranged in a tooth-shaped staggered manner to form a staggered tooth type labyrinth sealing unit together, and a plurality of sequentially arranged annular air chambers are formed between the sealing rings and the sealing teeth to increase the flow resistance of the working medium passing through the area.
A further improvement of the invention is that the thrust balancing arm is a circular member.
The invention has the further improvement that a pressure sensor is adopted to monitor the pressure value of the blast cavity in real time during the operation of the rotating shaft, and when the pressure value of the blast cavity is greater than a set value, the positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump performs air extraction through the air extraction opening, so that the pressure value of the blast cavity is always kept in a lower state, and the rotating shaft always keeps lower blast loss.
The invention has the further improvement that in the working process of the rotating shaft, the axial thrust applied to the rotating shaft is obtained through the thrust load sensor, then the pressure of the chambers on the left side and the right side of the axial balance chamber is adjusted through the air jet by the positive-negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump, the axial thrust applied to the rotating shaft is balanced by utilizing the pressure difference on the left side and the right side of the axial balance chamber to be smaller than the allowable axial thrust, and the axial thrust satisfies the following relational expression:
Figure BDA0002304846470000031
Figure BDA0002304846470000032
wherein, F0The axial thrust is allowed to be used for the rotating shaft,
Figure BDA0002304846470000033
when the axial balance chamber does not work, the rotating shaft bears the axial thrust,
Figure BDA0002304846470000034
for balancing the chamber forces axially, pi being the circumferential ratio, r2Is the radius of the blowing section r1Is the inner radius of the groove of the blowing section, PlFor axially balancing the chamber pressure on the left side, PrTo axially balance the chamber pressure on the right side of the chamber.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention has reasonable design, simple structure, convenient installation and better reliability, is suitable for various working environments and improves the operating efficiency and the safety of the rotating shaft;
2. labyrinth seal units are arranged on two sides of the air blowing section, the seal units increase the flow resistance of the working medium passing through the area, high-pressure leakage flow is prevented from entering the air blowing chamber, air blowing loss of the air blowing chamber is effectively reduced, and therefore the efficiency of the rotating shaft is improved;
3. the pressure sensor and the extraction opening are arranged in the blast cavity, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the blast cavity in real time, and when the pressure in the blast cavity is increased due to the fact that the turbine set is in an extreme operation working condition or a fault operation working condition, the positive-negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump performs air extraction through the extraction opening, so that the pressure value in the blast cavity is always kept in a low state, the rotating shaft is kept in a low blast loss state, and the stability and the robustness of the rotating shaft are improved;
4. thrust load sensors are arranged on two sides of the air blowing section, an axial balance cavity is formed in the middle of the air blowing section, and the air blowing section is divided into a left cavity and a right cavity by a thrust balance arm. In the working process of the rotating shaft, the thrust load sensor monitors the magnitude and direction of the axial thrust borne by the rotating shaft in real time, then the positive-negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump adjusts the pressure of the chambers on the left side and the right side of the axial balance chamber through the air jet, the axial thrust borne by the rotating shaft can be effectively balanced by utilizing the pressure difference on the left side and the right side of the axial balance chamber, the safety and the reliability of the operation of the rotating shaft are improved, and the difficulty of bearing type selection is also reduced;
5. the sealing ring adopts split type profile of tooth sealing ring, and the loading and unloading and change of being convenient for can resume seal structure's performance through simply changing the sealing ring when sealed inefficacy, and the economic nature is high. The sealing ring is made of graphite or a metal material with lower hardness, the hardness of the sealing ring is lower relative to that of a shafting material, and when the sealing assembly is rubbed and ground due to shafting vibration, the sealing ring with lower relative hardness is worn firstly, so that the rotating shaft is not influenced, and the safety of the rotating shaft is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a low windage loss, axial thrust balancing turbomachine rotor shaft configuration of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. the pump comprises a rotating shaft, 2, a bearing, 3, a unit shell, 4, a bearing chamber, 5, a blowing chamber, 6, a sealing tooth, 7, a thrust balance arm, 8, an axial balance chamber, 9, a sealing ring, 10, a pin block, 11, a pressure sensor, 12, a positive-negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump, 13, an air suction port, 14, a thrust load sensor, 15 and an air jet port, wherein the A1, the A2, the B1, the B2 and the C1 are different in cross section.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments and specific operations of the embodiments are provided on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the rotating shaft structure of the turbomachine with low blowing loss and capability of balancing axial thrust provided by the invention comprises a rotating shaft 1, a bearing 2, a unit shell 3, a bearing chamber 4, a blowing chamber 5, a sealing tooth 6, a thrust balancing arm 7, an axial balancing chamber 8, a sealing ring 9, a pin block 10, a pressure sensor 11, a positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump 12, an extraction opening 13, a thrust load sensor 14 and a gas injection opening 15.
The rotating shaft 1 is a stepped shaft and comprises three parts, namely a bearing section and an air blowing section, which are arranged on two sides, wherein an annular groove is formed in the middle of the air blowing section; the bearing sections on two sides of the rotating shaft 1 are respectively provided with a bearing 2 and a thrust load sensor 14, and the bearing 2 and the thrust load sensor 14 are used in a set and lean against end walls on two sides of the air blowing section; sealing teeth 6 are respectively arranged on the end wall side and the groove side of the air blowing section of the rotating shaft 1. The unit shell 3 is a split shell, comprises a detachable upper cover plate and a lower seat, and is assembled through an external bolt. A bearing chamber 4, a blast chamber 5 and an axial balance chamber 8 are formed between the rotating shaft 1 and the unit shell 3.
The thrust balance arm 7 is fixed on the unit shell 3 and extends into the axial balance chamber 8, and is used for dividing the axial balance chamber 8 into a left chamber and a right chamber, the thrust balance arm 7 can be a round component made of steel (or other metal materials), and the size and the thickness of the round component can meet the requirement of bearing the pressure difference of the axial balance chambers on two sides; the thrust balancing arm 7 is also provided with sealing teeth 6 on the end wall. The sealing teeth 6 can be in various structural forms such as circular teeth, triangular teeth, parabolic teeth, high-low teeth, longitudinal tree teeth and helical teeth, the number of the sealing teeth 6 is 3-8, and the ratio of the tooth thickness to the tooth height of the sealing teeth 6 is 0.2-1.
Sealing ring 9 arranges in unit casing 3 and 1 air blast section recess of pivot to fixed through round pin piece 10, sealing ring 9 is split type profile of tooth sealing ring, divide into ring body and lower ring body, and upper and lower ring body is connected through the wrong tooth connector link, and 9 numbers of teeth of sealing ring are corresponding with 6 numbers of teeth of seal tooth, and the tooth thickness is between 0.2 ~ 1 with the ratio of tooth height, adopts graphite or the less metal material of hardness, thereby guarantees intensity and the wearability of sealing ring 9 at the during operation. The sealing rings 9 and the sealing teeth 6 are arranged in a tooth form staggered mode to form a staggered tooth type labyrinth sealing unit together, a plurality of annular air chambers which are arranged in sequence are formed between the sealing rings 9 and the sealing teeth 6, and the flow resistance of working media passing through the area is increased.
Pressure sensor 11 arranges in air blast cavity 5 through the through-hole on the unit casing 3 for real-time supervision air blast cavity 5 internal pressure, and positive negative pressure integral type multifunctional pump 12's extraction opening 13 arranges in air blast cavity 5 through the through-hole on the unit casing 3, and air jet 15 arranges in left and right axial balance cavity 8 through the through-hole on the thrust balance arm 7, and positive negative pressure integral type multifunctional pump 12 can realize directional bleed and air blast.
The principle and the process of the invention mainly comprise the following steps:
during the operation of the rotating shaft 1, a leakage flow working medium with high temperature and high pressure possibly exists on the side A or the side B, and the leakage flow working medium leaks from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side along a cavity formed by the rotating shaft 1 and the unit shell 3, so that higher pressure is maintained in the blast cavity 5, the high-pressure state of the blast cavity 5 can cause the rotating shaft 1 to generate larger blast loss, the efficiency and the operation reliability of the turbine machinery are reduced, and theoretically, in order to reduce the blast loss, the pressure in the blast cavity 5 needs to be reduced as much as possible. The sealing teeth 6 and the sealing rings 9 at the sections A1 and B1 jointly form a staggered tooth type labyrinth sealing unit, a plurality of annular air chambers which are sequentially arranged are formed between the sealing rings 9 and the sealing teeth 6, when working media pass through the gap between each sealing tooth 6 and the sealing ring 9, the flow area is sharply reduced, the flow speed is increased, the pressure energy of the working media is converted into kinetic energy, and jet flow is formed. And then the jet flow enters the annular air chamber to form vortex, so that the kinetic energy of the working medium is partially converted into heat energy, and the flowing speed of the working medium is reduced. The sealing units at the sections A1 and B1 increase the flow resistance of the working medium passing through the area, prevent high-pressure leakage flow from entering the blast chamber 5, reduce blast loss in the blast chamber 5 and improve the unit efficiency. When a turbine unit is started and stopped, runs under variable working conditions and fails, the rotating shaft 1 can vibrate in an increased amplitude or generate radial displacement, and the like, so that the sealing effect at the sections of A1 and B1 is reduced or fails. According to the invention, the pressure sensor 11 is adopted to monitor the pressure value of the blast cavity 5 in real time, and when the pressure value of the blast cavity 5 is greater than a set value, the positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump 12 performs air extraction through the air extraction opening 13, so that the pressure value of the blast cavity 5 is always kept in a lower state, and the rotating shaft 1 always keeps lower blast loss.
In the turbomachinery working process, pivot 1 not only needs the transmission moment of torsion, still needs to bear the axial thrust that the work area leads to with the regional pressure differential of non-work, and axial thrust can not arouse pivot 1 to take place axial displacement if can not obtain good balance, causes to bump between the sound part and grinds, bumps and grinds and can lead to contact department to produce a large amount of heats, makes the rotor local overheat, probably causes serious accidents such as pivot bending, endangers the safe and stable operation of pivot 1. Thrust load sensors 14 are arranged on the end faces of the two sides of the air blowing section 5 of the rotating shaft 1, so that the axial thrust borne by the rotating shaft can be monitored at any time. The middle part of the air blowing section 5 is provided with an axial balance chamber 8 which is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber by a thrust balance arm 7. In the working process of the rotating shaft 1, the axial thrust applied to the rotating shaft is obtained through the thrust load sensor 14, then the pressure of the chambers on the left side and the right side of the axial balance chamber 8 is adjusted through the air jet 15 by the positive-negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump 12, the axial thrust applied to the rotating shaft 1 is balanced by utilizing the pressure difference on the left side and the right side of the axial balance chamber 8, so that the axial thrust is smaller than the allowable axial thrust, and the relation is satisfied as follows:
Figure BDA0002304846470000061
Figure BDA0002304846470000062
wherein, F0The axial thrust is allowed to be used for the rotating shaft,
Figure BDA0002304846470000071
when the axial balance chamber does not work, the rotating shaft bears the axial thrust,
Figure BDA0002304846470000072
for balancing the chamber forces axially, pi being the circumferential ratio, r2Is the radius of the blowing section r1Is the inner radius of the groove of the blowing section, PlFor axially balancing the chamber pressure on the left side, PrTo axially balance the chamber pressure on the right side of the chamber.
Meanwhile, labyrinth seal units are arranged at the sections A1 and B1, high-pressure gas in the axial balance chamber 8 is prevented from leaking to the air blowing chambers on two sides, and the pressure in the air blowing chamber 5 is guaranteed not to be influenced by the pressure change in the axial balance chamber 8. The labyrinth seal unit at the section of C1 prevents the high-pressure side gas in the axial balance chamber 8 from leaking to the low-pressure side, and ensures the normal and stable function of the axial balance chamber 8.
In addition, the sealing ring 9 is made of graphite or a metal material with low hardness, the hardness is low relative to a shafting material, when the sealing assembly is rubbed and ground due to shafting vibration, the sealing ring 9 with low relative hardness is firstly worn, the rotating shaft 1 is not affected, and the safety of the rotating shaft 1 is improved; the sealing ring 9 adopts a split type design, is convenient to assemble, disassemble and replace, and can recover the performance of the sealing structure by simply replacing the sealing ring 9 when the sealing fails. The turbomachine rotating shaft structure with low blast loss and capability of balancing the axial thrust can automatically balance the axial thrust according to the operation working condition, simultaneously reduce the blast loss of the rotating shaft, and ensure that the rotating shaft can still run efficiently and stably under extreme conditions.

Claims (8)

1.一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，包括转轴(1)，轴承(2)，机组壳体(3)，密封齿(6)，推力平衡臂(7)，密封环(9)，销块(10)，压力传感器(11)，正负压一体化多功能泵(12)，以及推力负载传感器(14)；其中，1. A turbomachinery shaft structure capable of balancing axial thrust with low blowing loss, characterized in that it comprises a shaft (1), a bearing (2), a unit casing (3), a sealing tooth (6), and a thrust balance Arm (7), sealing ring (9), pin block (10), pressure sensor (11), positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump (12), and thrust load sensor (14); wherein, 转轴(1)为阶梯状轴，包括两侧轴承段及中间鼓风段三部分，鼓风段中部开设有环形凹槽；转轴(1)的两侧轴承段分别安装有轴承(2)及推力负载传感器(14)，轴承(2)及推力负载传感器(14)成套使用，并背靠在鼓风段两侧端壁；转轴(1)鼓风段端壁侧及凹槽侧均布置有密封齿(6)；机组壳体(3)为剖分式壳体，包括可拆卸的上盖板及下座两部分，并通过外部螺栓装配；转轴(1)与机组壳体(3)之间构成轴承腔室(4)、鼓风腔室(5)和轴向平衡腔室(8)；The rotating shaft (1) is a stepped shaft, including three parts of bearing sections on both sides and a middle blast section, and an annular groove is formed in the middle of the blast section; the bearing sections on both sides of the rotating shaft (1) are respectively installed with bearings (2) and thrust The load sensor (14), the bearing (2) and the thrust load sensor (14) are used as a set, and are backed against the end walls on both sides of the blast section; seals are arranged on the end wall side and the groove side of the blast section of the rotating shaft (1). Tooth (6); the unit casing (3) is a split casing, including a removable upper cover plate and a lower seat, which are assembled by external bolts; between the rotating shaft (1) and the unit casing (3) A bearing chamber (4), a blast chamber (5) and an axial balance chamber (8) are formed; 推力平衡臂(7)固定于机组壳体(3)上并伸入轴向平衡腔室(8)内，用于将轴向平衡腔室(8)分为左、右两个腔室，推力平衡臂(7)端壁上布置有密封齿(6)；密封环(9)布置于机组壳体(3)及转轴(1)鼓风段凹槽内，并通过销块(10)固定；The thrust balance arm (7) is fixed on the unit casing (3) and extends into the axial balance chamber (8), and is used to divide the axial balance chamber (8) into left and right chambers. Sealing teeth (6) are arranged on the end wall of the balance arm (7); the sealing ring (9) is arranged in the unit casing (3) and the groove of the blowing section of the rotating shaft (1), and is fixed by a pin block (10); 压力传感器(11)通过机组壳体(3)上的通孔布置于鼓风腔室(5)，用于实时监测鼓风腔室(5)内压力，正负压一体式多功能泵(12)的抽气口(13)通过机组壳体(3)上的通孔布置于鼓风腔室(5)，喷气口(15)通过推力平衡臂(7)上的通孔布置于左、右轴向平衡腔室(8)内，正负压一体式多功能泵(12)能够实现定向抽气及鼓气。The pressure sensor (11) is arranged in the blast chamber (5) through the through hole on the unit casing (3), and is used for real-time monitoring of the pressure in the blast chamber (5), and the positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump (12) ) is arranged in the blast chamber (5) through the through hole on the unit casing (3), and the air outlet (15) is arranged on the left and right shafts through the through hole on the thrust balance arm (7). Into the balance chamber (8), the positive and negative pressure integrated multifunctional pump (12) can realize directional pumping and blowing. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，密封齿(6)为圆形齿、三角形齿、抛物线齿、高低齿、纵树齿或斜齿。2. A kind of low blowing loss according to claim 1 can balance the axial thrust of the turbomachinery shaft structure, it is characterized in that, the sealing teeth (6) are circular teeth, triangular teeth, parabolic teeth, high and low teeth, Longitudinal or oblique teeth. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，密封齿(6)布置个数为3～8个，密封齿(6)的齿厚与齿高之比在0.2～1之间。3 . The rotating shaft structure of a turbo machine with low blast loss and balancing axial thrust according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the sealing teeth (6) is 3 to 8, and the sealing teeth (6) The ratio of tooth thickness to tooth height is between 0.2 and 1. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，密封环(9)齿数与密封齿(6)齿数相对应，齿厚与齿高之比在0.2～1之间。4. A turbomachinery shaft structure with low blast loss and balancing axial thrust according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of teeth of the seal ring (9) corresponds to the number of teeth of the seal teeth (6), and the tooth thickness is The ratio of tooth height is between 0.2 and 1. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，密封环(9)与密封齿(6)齿形交错排列，共同构成错齿式迷宫密封单元，在密封环(9)和密封齿(6)之间形成多个依次排列的环形气室，增加工质通过该区域的流动阻力。5. A turbomachinery shaft structure with low blowing loss and balancing axial thrust according to claim 4, characterized in that the seal ring (9) and the seal teeth (6) are staggered in tooth shape, and together form a staggered In the tooth labyrinth sealing unit, a plurality of annular air chambers arranged in sequence are formed between the sealing ring (9) and the sealing teeth (6), so as to increase the flow resistance of the working medium passing through this area. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，推力平衡臂(7)为圆形构件。6 . The rotating shaft structure of a turbomachine with low blowing loss capable of balancing axial thrust according to claim 1 , wherein the thrust balancing arm ( 7 ) is a circular member. 7 . 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，转轴(1)运行中，采用压力传感器(11)实时监测鼓风腔室(5)压力值，当鼓风腔室(5)压力值大于设定值时，正负压一体化多功能泵(12)通过抽气口(13)进行抽气，保证鼓风腔室(5)压力值始终维持较低的状态，转轴(1)始终保持较低的鼓风损失。7. A kind of low blowing loss according to claim 1 can balance the axial thrust of the turbomachinery rotating shaft structure, it is characterized in that, in the operation of rotating shaft (1), adopts pressure sensor (11) to monitor the blasting chamber in real time (5) Pressure value, when the pressure value of the blast chamber (5) is greater than the set value, the positive and negative pressure integrated multi-function pump (12) is pumped through the exhaust port (13) to ensure that the blast chamber (5) ) The pressure value is always kept low, and the shaft (1) is always kept low blowing loss. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种低鼓风损失可平衡轴向推力的透平机械转轴结构，其特征在于，转轴(1)工作过程中，通过推力负载传感器(14)获得转轴所受轴向推力大小及方向，随后正负压一体化多功能泵(12)通过喷气口(15)调节轴向平衡腔室(8)左右两侧腔室的压力，利用轴向平衡腔室(8)左右两侧压差平衡转轴(1)所受轴向推力，使其小于许用轴向推力，其满足关系式如下：8. A turbomachinery shaft structure capable of balancing axial thrust with low blowing loss according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the working process of the shaft (1), a thrust load sensor (14) is used to obtain the The magnitude and direction of the axial thrust, and then the positive and negative pressure integrated multi-functional pump (12) adjusts the pressure of the left and right chambers of the axial balance chamber (8) through the air jet port (15), and uses the axial balance chamber (8) ) The pressure difference on the left and right sides balances the axial thrust on the shaft (1) so that it is less than the allowable axial thrust, which satisfies the relational expression as follows:
Figure FDA0002304846460000021
Figure FDA0002304846460000021
Figure FDA0002304846460000022
Figure FDA0002304846460000022
 其中，F0为转轴许用轴向推力，
Figure FDA0002304846460000023
为轴向平衡腔室未工作时，转轴所受轴向推力，
Figure FDA0002304846460000024
为轴向平衡腔室平衡力，π为圆周率，r2为鼓风段半径，r1为鼓风段凹槽内半径，Pl为轴向平衡腔室左侧腔室压力，Pr为轴向平衡腔室右侧腔室压力。Among them, F 0 is the allowable axial thrust of the shaft,
Figure FDA0002304846460000023
It is the axial thrust on the shaft when the axial balance chamber is not working.
Figure FDA0002304846460000024
is the balance force of the axial balance chamber, π is the circle ratio, r 2 is the radius of the blast section, r 1 is the inner radius of the groove of the blast section, P l is the chamber pressure on the left side of the axial balance chamber, and P r is the axis chamber pressure to the right side of the equilibration chamber.
CN201911235819.5A 2019-12-05 A turbine mechanical shaft structure with low blast loss and balanced axial thrust Active CN111075750B (en)

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