CN111068451B - Device and method for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation - Google Patents
Device and method for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111068451B CN111068451B CN201911286344.2A CN201911286344A CN111068451B CN 111068451 B CN111068451 B CN 111068451B CN 201911286344 A CN201911286344 A CN 201911286344A CN 111068451 B CN111068451 B CN 111068451B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
- B01D51/06—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour
- B01D51/08—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour by sound or ultrasonics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
- B03C3/011—Prefiltering; Flow controlling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
- B03C3/0175—Amassing particles by electric fields, e.g. agglomeration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for efficiently removing fine particles through temperature and humidity regulation, which adopt a box structure with the same cross section structure size, and a main body channel adopts a serial arrangement mode with the center lines of flow channels coincident, and the device and the method gradually realize the efficient removal of the particles with the particle size by dividing regions through the modes of negative direct current pre-dust removal, primary flue gas temperature and humidity regulation, acousto-electric coupling condensation, secondary flue gas temperature and humidity regulation and post negative direct current dust removal, and the combination of gravity sedimentation, filtration trapping, condensation nucleation and acousto-electric coupling to strengthen the collision condensation of the fine particles; through the serial connection effect of the two-stage flue gas temperature and humidity regulation dust collection areas and the coupling effect of acoustic agglomeration and pulse electrocoagulation, local regulation of flue gas temperature and gradual humidification of humidity are realized, meanwhile, the partitioned electrocoagulation effect of the granular matters with different sizes is realized, meanwhile, the capturing and removing effects of the fine granular matters are enhanced through the ash removal and dust collection effects of the movable grid plate and the movable electrode plate, and the fine granular matters are removed efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas dust removal, in particular to a device and a method for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation.
Background
The coal combustion brings serious particulate pollution while providing heat source and power for us, and in the source of fine particulate matters, the emission of coal-fired boilers occupies a large part, especially in medium and small industrial boilers and industrial kilns widely used in various industries, and the pollution is serious due to the lack of corresponding environment-friendly control equipment. Aerosol particulate matter, in particular fine particulate matter PM 2.5 The air is discharged into the air, which can seriously affect the daily life and work of people and even threaten the life safety of people. Because the volume of the fine particles is small and the weight is light, the residence time in the atmosphere is long, the floating distance is long, and the influence range is wide. And because of its unique extinction effect, can seriously reduce the visibility of environment, cause large tracts of land dust haze weather, influence people's normal trip. In addition, the specific surface area of the fine particles is relatively large, a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metals can be enriched on the surface of the fine particles, and the limited blocking capability of the human body on the fine particles can lead the fine particles to enter the respiratory tract of the human body and be deposited in alveoli, wherein the heavy metals can enter the blood of the human body, cause diseases in the aspects of asthma, bronchus, cardiovascular diseases and the like, and harm the health of the human body.
At present, most coal-fired power station boilers in China mainly adopt an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to remove particulate matters in tail flue gas. The high-efficiency electrostatic precipitator can remove dust up to 99.9%, but for fine particles, especially particles with the particle size of 0.1-1.0 microns, about 15% still escape to the atmosphere. Therefore, the agglomeration of various particles is considered to be overlapped on an electrostatic dust collection mechanism, so that fine particles are agglomerated and grown into particles with larger particle size, and then the particles are collected through the electrostatic dust collection function. Agglomeration methods currently under investigation include: electric agglomeration, acoustic agglomeration, phase change coagulation growth, chemical agglomeration and the like, wherein the electric agglomeration has the strongest action capability, but the traditional DC corona electric agglomeration or the agglomeration effect of a single electric agglomeration form is not obvious, and the removal effect of fine particles needs to be further improved. In addition, the application of the existing low-temperature electric dust collector shows that the flue gas temperature reduction in a certain range is favorable for improving the dust collection efficiency of the electrostatic dust collector.
Therefore, development of a novel high-efficiency fine particulate matter removal device based on the acousto-electric agglomeration coupling effect of flue gas temperature and humidity regulation is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device for efficiently removing fine particles through temperature and humidity regulation, which has reasonable structural design and high removal efficiency, and a method for removing the fine particles.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation is characterized in that: the device comprises an aerosol inlet, an air distribution plate, a pre-dust collection area, a primary regulation dust collection area, a circulating pump, an acoustic-electric coupling condensation area, a secondary regulation dust collection area, a direct current dust collection area and an aerosol outlet; the aerosol inlet, the air distribution plate, the pre-dust collection area, the primary regulation dust collection area, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area, the secondary regulation dust collection area, the direct current dust collection area and the aerosol outlet are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet, the air distribution plate, the pre-dust collection area, the primary regulation dust collection area, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area, the secondary regulation dust collection area, the direct current dust collection area and the aerosol outlet are sequentially communicated; a negative direct-current high-voltage wire and a direct-current dust collection plate are arranged in the pre-dust collection area, and an ash bucket of the pre-dust collection area is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collection area; a first-stage grid plate and a flue gas cooling heat exchanger are arranged in the first-stage regulation dust collection area, and a first-stage grid plate ash removal device and a first-stage regulation dust collection area flushing tank are arranged at the bottom of the first-stage regulation dust collection area; positive pulse high-voltage wires and a planar electrode plate are arranged in the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone, an acoustic wave generator is arranged at the top of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone, and an ash bucket of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone is arranged at the bottom of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone; a secondary grid plate and a flue gas heating heat exchanger are arranged in the secondary regulation dust collection area, and a secondary grid plate ash removal device and a secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank are arranged at the bottom of the secondary regulation dust collection area; a negative direct current high-voltage wire and a movable electrode plate are arranged in the direct current dust collection area, and an ash bucket of the direct current dust collection area is arranged at the bottom of the direct current dust collection area; the circulating pump is communicated with the flue gas cooling heat exchanger and the flue gas heating heat exchanger through pipelines.
Preferably, the pre-dust collecting area, the primary regulation and control dust collecting area, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area, the secondary regulation and control dust collecting area and the direct current dust collecting area adopt box structures with the same cross section structure and size, and adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of the flow channels are overlapped.
Preferably, the acoustic-electric coupling condensation area and the direct-current dust collection area adopt equal-length box structures, and the electric field number is preferably larger than that in the pre-dust collection area. In order to enhance the dust removing effect, the size of the direct current dust collecting area can be properly prolonged, and the number of electric fields can be increased.
Preferably, the primary regulation dust collection area and the secondary regulation dust collection area are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the acousto-electric coupling condensation area, and the primary regulation dust collection area and the secondary regulation dust collection area preferably adopt the same structure.
Preferably, the flue gas cooling heat exchanger and the flue gas heating heat exchanger are both arranged in the direction of the vertical flow channel, and all adopt coil pipe structures made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, a heat exchange medium in the coil pipe is water, a water outlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger is communicated with a water inlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger through a pipeline, and a water inlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger is communicated with a water outlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger through a pipeline; the heat exchange medium in the flue gas cooling heat exchanger flows from bottom to top, and the heat exchange medium in the flue gas heating heat exchanger flows from top to bottom; the circulating pump is arranged between the water outlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger and the water inlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger.
Preferably, the first-stage grid plate and the second-stage grid plate adopt multi-layer grid staggered arrangement structures of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials and are uniformly arranged in the direction of the vertical flow channel in a circulating movement mode, wherein the windward side of the first-stage grid plate and the windward side of the second-stage grid plate are in a structure of moving from top to bottom, and the leeward side of the first-stage grid plate and the leeward side of the second-stage grid plate are in a structure of moving from bottom to top; a smoke cooling heat exchanger is arranged in the circulating cavity of the primary grid plate, and a smoke heating heat exchanger is arranged in the circulating cavity of the secondary grid plate; the bottom end face of the primary grid plate extends into the primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank, and the primary grid plate ash removal device is suspended on the surface of the primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank and acts on the inner side of the bottom end face of the primary grid plate; the bottom end face of the secondary grid plate extends into the secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank, and the secondary grid plate ash removal device is suspended on the surface of the secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank and acts on the inner side of the bottom end face of the secondary grid plate.
Preferably, a single positive pulse high voltage wire is positioned at the center of a single sound wave generator; the plurality of acoustic wave generators are sequentially arranged at the top of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone along the direction of the flow channel, and the central lines of the plurality of acoustic wave generators are coincident with the central line of the flow channel.
Preferably, the negative direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are arranged in parallel along the direction of the flow channel; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire adopts a barbed wire electrode structure made of stainless steel materials, barbed wires are radially distributed on the electrode at equal intervals, and the negative direct-current high-voltage wire is connected with an external negative direct-current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire adopts a smooth vertical electrode structure made of corrosion-resistant materials, and is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
Preferably, the direct current dust collection plate, the planar electrode plate and the movable electrode plate are all arranged in parallel along the direction of the flow channel; the direct-current dust collection plate and the movable electrode plate are made of stainless steel materials, and the planar electrode plate is made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials; the direct current dust collecting plate and the movable electrode plate are preferably C-shaped dust collecting electrode plates, and the planar electrode plate is a smooth planar electrode plate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides another technical scheme: a method for removing fine particles by using a device for efficiently removing fine particles under temperature and humidity regulation comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator to enable the inside of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone to form a vertically-communicated sound field; the negative direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are respectively electrified, and the first-stage grid plate, the second-stage grid plate and the movable electrode plate are respectively started; starting a circulating pump to enable heat exchange media in the flue gas cooling heat exchanger and the flue gas heating heat exchanger to circularly flow;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter the reactor through an aerosol inlet, then aerosol uniformly distributed in a speed field and a concentration field is formed under the action of an air distribution plate, and then the aerosol particles enter a pre-dust collection area;
and a third step of: aerosol pre-dust collection: applying negative direct current high-voltage electricity on a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire, forming intense tip corona discharge on the barbed tip of the electric wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the electric wire and a direct current dust collecting plate, simultaneously existence of a large number of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, carrying out heteropolarity charge on particles in the corona region through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and mutually colliding and condensing charged particles through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move to the direct current dust collection plate under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the direct current dust collection plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash hopper of a pre-dust collection area through ash removal, so that the electric field is kept stable;
fourth step: the aerosol after pre-dust collection enters a primary regulation dust collection area, particles still carrying partial charges move towards the windward side of a primary grid plate under the action of electric field force between a negative direct current high-voltage wire and the windward side of the primary grid plate, meanwhile, particles not carrying the charges move onto the windward side of the primary grid plate under the action of the flow field force, and large-particle-size particles are captured onto the windward side of the primary grid plate and circularly move along with the primary grid plate to enter a primary regulation dust collection area flushing pond to be cleaned, dust accumulation is not formed on the surface of the primary grid plate, further increase of smoke resistance is avoided, and meanwhile, the leeward side of the primary grid plate carries water vapor into a smoke flow channel; the heat exchange medium flows through the inside of a heat exchange coil of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger from bottom to top, so that aerosol is cooled through the flue gas cooling heat exchanger after penetrating through the windward side of the primary grid plate, the heat exchange medium is heated and then enters the flue gas heating heat exchanger through a pipeline, the cooled aerosol promotes the formation of condensable particles due to the nucleation of small-particle-size particles, and then the aerosol is further agglomerated and grown up under the action of water vapor on the leeward side of the primary grid plate and then enters an acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone;
fifth step: acoustic-electric coupling coagulation: the corona region can be communicated with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a large amount of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in the streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, and the migration diffusion charge of the electrons and the diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that the particles with different particle sizes are charged with charges of different polarities, and the charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion action and coulomb action; meanwhile, the humidified flue gas further strengthens the effect of pulse corona discharge and promotes the charge coagulation of particulate matters; in addition, the sound field formed by the sound wave generator and vertically communicated further promotes collision and condensation among the particulate matters through the sound field effect; the coagulated particles move towards the planar electrode plate under the migration action of an electric field, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the planar electrode plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket of an acoustic-electric coupling coagulation area through the ash removal action, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
sixth step: the aerosol after the acoustic-electric coupling condensation enters a secondary regulation dust collection area, particles still carrying partial charges move towards the windward side of the secondary grid plate under the action of electric field force between a positive pulse high-voltage wire and the windward side of the secondary grid plate, meanwhile, particles not carrying charges move onto the windward side of the secondary grid plate under the action of flow field force, particles with larger particle sizes are trapped onto the windward side of the secondary grid plate and circularly move along with the secondary grid plate to enter a secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank to be cleaned by ash, no ash is formed on the surface of the secondary grid plate, further increase of smoke resistance is avoided, and meanwhile, water vapor carried by the leeward side of the secondary grid plate enters a smoke flow channel; the heat exchange medium flows through the heat exchange coil of the flue gas heating heat exchanger from top to bottom, so that aerosol is heated by the flue gas heating heat exchanger after penetrating through the windward side of the secondary grid plate, the temperature of the flue gas is basically recovered to the initial temperature, the heat exchange medium is conveyed back to the flue gas cooling heat exchanger by the circulating pump after being cooled, and the non-trapped small-particle-size particles are agglomerated and grown up under the action of water vapor on the leeward side of the secondary grid plate and then enter the direct-current dust collection area;
seventh step: direct current dust collection: negative direct current high-voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire, intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the electric wire and a movable electrode plate, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities in a mode of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and coagulate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move towards the movable electrode plate under the action of electric field migration, the particles are collected on the movable electrode plate, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper of the direct-current dust collection area through the action of movable ash removal of the electrode plate, so that the removal process of aerosol particles is completed, ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate, the electric field is maintained to be stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the dust removal adopts a box body structure with the same cross section structure and size, and the main body channels adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of the flow channels are coincident, so that the smoothness of the flow field of the aerosol particle channel is kept, and dust accumulation and scaling in a local area are avoided.
2. The method adopts the arrangement modes of pre-dedusting, primary flue gas temperature and humidity regulation, acousto-electric coupling coagulation, secondary flue gas temperature and humidity regulation and post-electrostatic dedusting, combines gravity sedimentation and filtration trapping effects, strengthens the collision coagulation effect of fine particles through coagulation nucleation, various electric coagulation modes and acousto-electric effects, and gradually realizes the efficient removal of the particles with the particle sizes through zonal series connection.
3. The pre-dedusting and the movable grid plate are arranged before the acoustic-electric coupling coagulation, so that the pre-removal of large-particle-size particles is realized to the maximum extent, and the load of subsequent coagulation and dust collection is reduced.
4. Through the combination of the first-stage regulation and control dust collection area and the second-stage regulation and control dust collection area, on one hand, the local regulation and control of the temperature of the flue gas is realized, and on the other hand, the gradual humidification of the humidity of the flue gas is realized, so that the condensable particles in the flue gas are gradually condensed, the condensation and removal of fine particles are enhanced, and the corrosion influence on a dust removal system is reduced.
5. Through the combination of one-level grid plate and flue gas cooling heat exchanger, realized the cooling humidification of flue gas, the flue gas after the cooling can embody the effect of promoting of steam to fine particle nucleation better to promoted the coalescence desorption effect of particulate matter, flue gas cooling has reduced the flue gas volume simultaneously, has indirectly promoted the entrapment desorption of particulate matter, has avoided the excessive wearing and tearing of large-size particulate matter to flue gas cooling heat exchanger simultaneously again.
6. Through the coupling effect of the transverse pulse corona discharge electric field and the vertical sound field, the superposition of the multipurpose agglomeration effect among the fine particles is realized, and the agglomeration effect of the particles is promoted.
7. Through the combination of the two-stage grid plate and the flue gas heating heat exchanger, the temperature and humidity of the flue gas are increased, the flue gas after temperature increase is prevented from being condensed by water vapor to influence the tail end heating surface, and meanwhile, the humidified flue gas can promote the capture and removal of particulate matters.
8. The dust collection plate surface is prevented from forming dust accumulation by moving the grid plate and the movable electrode plate, an electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and dust collection efficiency is improved.
9. The device for efficiently removing fine particles through temperature and humidity regulation effectively combines electrostatic dust collection, pulse electrocoagulation, sonic agglomeration and flue gas temperature and humidity regulation, adopts a local temperature control and graded humidification mode to promote gradual staged agglomeration and removal of particles with different particle diameters, so that the fine particles are agglomerated and grown into particles with larger particle diameters under the action of multiple forces such as electric field force, coulomb force, sound field force, thermophoresis force, liquid bridge force and bridge fixation force, and finally, the high-efficiency removal of the particles is realized through an electrostatic dust removal technology, the application range of the particles is wide, the removal efficiency of the fine particles is high, and the stable operation time of the system is longer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic elevational view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the primary control dust collection area in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a secondary regulated dust collection zone in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an aerosol inlet 1, an air distribution plate 2, a pre-dust collecting area 3, a negative direct current high-voltage wire 4, a direct current dust collecting plate 5, a pre-dust collecting area ash bucket 6, a primary regulation dust collecting area 7, a primary grid plate 8, a flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9, a primary grid plate ash removal device 10, a primary regulation dust collecting area flushing tank 11, a circulating pump 12, an acoustic-electric coupling condensation area 13, an acoustic wave generator 14, a positive pulse high-voltage wire 15, a planar electrode plate 16, an acoustic-electric coupling condensation area ash bucket 17, a secondary regulation dust collecting area 18, a secondary grid plate 19, a flue gas heating heat exchanger 20, a secondary grid plate ash removal device 21, a secondary regulation dust collecting area flushing tank 22, a direct current dust collecting area 23, a movable electrode plate 24, a direct current dust collecting area ash bucket 25 and an aerosol outlet 26.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in this embodiment, a device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation includes an aerosol inlet 1, an air distribution plate 2, a pre-dust collection area 3, a primary regulation dust collection area 7, a circulating pump 12, an acoustic-electric coupling condensation area 13, a secondary regulation dust collection area 18, a direct-current dust collection area 23 and an aerosol outlet 26; the aerosol inlet 1, the air distribution plate 2, the pre-dust collection area 3, the primary regulation dust collection area 7, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area 13, the secondary regulation dust collection area 18, the direct current dust collection area 23 and the aerosol outlet 26 are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet 1, the air distribution plate 2, the pre-dust collection area 3, the primary regulation dust collection area 7, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area 13, the secondary regulation dust collection area 18, the direct current dust collection area 23 and the aerosol outlet 26 are sequentially communicated;
in the embodiment, a negative direct current high-voltage wire 4 and a direct current dust collection plate 5 are arranged in a pre-dust collection area 3, and an ash bucket 6 of the pre-dust collection area is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collection area 3; a primary grid plate 8 and a flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 are arranged in the primary regulation dust collection area 7, and a primary grid plate ash removal device 10 and a primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank 11 are arranged at the bottom of the primary regulation dust collection area 7; positive pulse high-voltage wires 15 and plane electrode plates 16 are arranged in the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone 13, an acoustic wave generator 14 is arranged at the top of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone 13, and an acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone ash bucket 17 is arranged at the bottom of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone 13; a secondary grid plate 19 and a flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 are arranged in the secondary regulation dust collection area 18, and a secondary grid plate ash removal device 21 and a secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank 22 are arranged at the bottom of the secondary regulation dust collection area 18; a negative direct current high-voltage wire 4 and a movable electrode plate 24 are arranged in the direct current dust collection area 23, and a direct current dust collection area ash bucket 25 is arranged at the bottom of the direct current dust collection area 23; the circulating pump 12 is communicated with the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 and the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 through pipelines.
In the embodiment, the pre-dust collecting area 3, the primary regulation dust collecting area 7, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area 13, the secondary regulation dust collecting area 18 and the direct current dust collecting area 23 adopt box structures with the same cross section structure and size, and adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of the flow channels are coincident.
In this embodiment, the acousto-electric coupling condensation area 13 and the direct current dust collection area 23 adopt equal-length box structures, and the number of electric fields is preferably larger than that in the pre-dust collection area 3. To enhance the dust removing effect, the size of the direct current dust collection region 23 may be appropriately prolonged and the number of electric fields may be increased.
In this embodiment, the primary regulation dust collecting area 7 and the secondary regulation dust collecting area 18 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation area 13, and the primary regulation dust collecting area 7 and the secondary regulation dust collecting area 18 preferably adopt the same structure.
In the embodiment, the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 and the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the flow channel, and all adopt coil pipe structures made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, a preferable heat exchange medium in the coil pipe is water, a water outlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 is communicated with a water inlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 through a pipeline, and a water inlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 is communicated with a water outlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 through a pipeline; the heat exchange medium in the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 flows from bottom to top, and the heat exchange medium in the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 flows from top to bottom; the circulation pump 12 is arranged between the water outlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 and the water inlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9.
In the embodiment, the primary grid plate 8 and the secondary grid plate 19 are both in a multi-layer grid staggered arrangement structure of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, and are uniformly distributed in the direction of a vertical runner in a circulating movement mode, wherein the windward side of the primary grid plate 8 and the windward side of the secondary grid plate 19 are in a structure of moving from top to bottom, and the leeward side of the primary grid plate 8 and the leeward side of the secondary grid plate 19 are in a structure of moving from bottom to top; a smoke cooling heat exchanger 9 is arranged in the circulation cavity of the primary grid plate 8, and a smoke heating heat exchanger 20 is arranged in the circulation cavity of the secondary grid plate 19; the bottom end surface of the primary grid plate 8 extends into the primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank 11, and the primary grid plate ash removal device 10 is suspended on the surface of the primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank 11 and acts on the inner side of the bottom end surface of the primary grid plate 8; the bottom end face of the secondary grid plate 19 extends into the secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank 22, and the secondary grid plate ash removal device 21 is suspended on the surface of the secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank 22 and acts on the inner side of the bottom end face of the secondary grid plate 19.
In this embodiment, a single positive pulse high voltage wire 15 is located at the center of a single acoustic wave generator 14; the plurality of acoustic wave generators 14 are sequentially arranged on the top of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone 13 along the flow channel direction, and the center lines of the plurality of acoustic wave generators 14 coincide with the flow channel center line.
In this embodiment, the negative dc high-voltage wire 4 and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 15 are arranged in parallel along the flow path direction; the negative direct current high voltage wire 4 adopts a barbed wire electrode structure made of stainless steel material, barbed wires are radially distributed on the electrode at equal intervals, and the negative direct current high voltage wire 4 is connected with an external negative direct current high voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire 15 adopts a smooth vertical electrode structure made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 15 is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
In this embodiment, the direct current dust collecting plate 5, the planar electrode plate 16 and the movable electrode plate 24 are all arranged in parallel along the flow passage direction; the direct current dust collection plate 5 and the movable electrode plate 24 are made of stainless steel materials, and the planar electrode plate 16 is made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials; the direct current dust collecting plate 5 and the movable electrode plate 24 are preferably C-shaped dust collecting plates, and the planar electrode plate 16 is a smooth planar plate.
In this embodiment, the method for removing fine particulate matters by using a device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters under temperature and humidity control comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator 14 to enable the inside of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone 13 to form a vertically penetrating sound field; the negative direct current high-voltage wire 4 and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 15 are respectively electrified, and the primary grid plate 8, the secondary grid plate 19 and the movable electrode plate 24 are respectively started; starting a circulating pump 12 to enable heat exchange media in the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 and the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 to circularly flow;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter the reactor through an aerosol inlet 1, then aerosol uniformly distributed in a speed field and a concentration field is formed under the action of an air distribution plate 2, and then the aerosol particles enter a pre-dust collection area 3;
and a third step of: aerosol pre-dust collection: negative direct-current high-voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct-current high-voltage electric wire 4, intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the electric wire and a direct-current dust collection plate 5, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities in a mode of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move to the direct current dust collection plate 5 under the migration action of an electric field, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the direct current dust collection plate 5, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 6 of the pre-dust collection area through the ash removal action, so that the electric field is kept stable;
fourth step: the aerosol after pre-dust collection enters a primary regulation dust collection area 7, particles still carrying partial charges move towards the windward side of a primary grid plate 8 under the action of electric field force between a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire 4 and the windward side of the primary grid plate 8, meanwhile, particles not carrying the charges move onto the windward side of the primary grid plate 8 under the action of the flow field force, and large-particle-size particles are trapped onto the windward side of the primary grid plate 8 and circularly move along with the primary grid plate 8 to enter a primary regulation dust collection area flushing pond 11 to be cleaned, dust accumulation is not formed on the surface of the primary grid plate 8, further increase of smoke resistance is avoided, and meanwhile, water vapor carried by the leeward side of the primary grid plate 8 enters a smoke flow channel; the heat exchange medium flows through the inside of the heat exchange coil of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 from bottom to top, so that aerosol is cooled through the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 after penetrating through the windward side of the primary grid plate 8, the heat exchange medium enters the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 through a pipe after being heated, the cooled aerosol promotes the formation of condensable particles due to the nucleation of particles with small particle size, and then the aerosol is further agglomerated and grown up under the action of water vapor on the leeward side of the primary grid plate 8 and enters the acousto-electric coupling condensation zone 13;
fifth step: acoustic-electric coupling coagulation: the positive pulse high-voltage wire 15 generates streamer corona discharge after positive pulse high-voltage is applied, a corona region can penetrate through positive and negative electrodes, a large amount of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in a streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, and migration diffusion charge of the electrons and diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that particles with different particle sizes are charged with different polarities, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion action and coulomb action; meanwhile, the humidified flue gas further strengthens the effect of pulse corona discharge and promotes the charge coagulation of particulate matters; in addition, the vertically penetrating sound field formed by the sound wave generator 14 further promotes collision and agglomeration between the particulate matters by the sound field effect; the coagulated particles move to the planar electrode plate 16 under the migration action of an electric field, most of the particles with large particle size are collected on the planar electrode plate 16, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 17 of the acoustic-electric coupling coagulation area through the ash removal action, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
sixth step: the aerosol after the acoustic-electric coupling condensation enters a secondary regulation dust collection area 18, particles still carrying partial charges move to the windward side of the secondary grid plate 19 under the action of the electric field force between the positive pulse high-voltage electric wire 15 and the windward side of the secondary grid plate 19, meanwhile, particles not carrying charges move to the windward side of the secondary grid plate 19 under the action of the flow field force, particles with larger particle sizes are trapped on the windward side of the secondary grid plate 19 and circularly move along with the secondary grid plate 19 to enter a secondary regulation dust collection area flushing pond 22 to be flushed, dust accumulation is not formed on the surface of the secondary grid plate 19, further increase of smoke resistance is avoided, and meanwhile, water vapor carried by the leeward side of the secondary grid plate 19 enters a smoke flow channel; the heat exchange medium flows through the inside of the heat exchange coil of the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 from top to bottom, so that aerosol is heated by the flue gas heating heat exchanger 20 after penetrating through the windward side of the secondary grid plate 19, the temperature of the flue gas is basically recovered to the initial temperature, the heat exchange medium is conveyed back to the flue gas cooling heat exchanger 9 by the circulating pump 12 after being cooled, and the non-trapped small-particle-size particles are agglomerated and grown up under the action of water vapor on the leeward side of the secondary grid plate 19 and then enter the direct-current dust collection area 23;
seventh step: direct current dust collection: negative direct current high-voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire 4, intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the movable electrode plate 24, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities in a mode of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move towards the movable electrode plate 24 under the action of electric field migration, the particles are collected on the movable electrode plate 24, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 25 of the direct-current dust collection area through the action of moving ash removal of the electrode plate, so that the removal process of aerosol particles is completed, ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate 24, the electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
What is not described in detail in this specification is all that is known to those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation is characterized in that: the device comprises an aerosol inlet (1), an air distribution plate (2), a pre-dust collecting area (3), a primary regulation and control dust collecting area (7), a circulating pump (12), an acousto-electric coupling condensation area (13), a secondary regulation and control dust collecting area (18), a direct current dust collecting area (23) and an aerosol outlet (26); the aerosol inlet (1), the air distribution plate (2), the pre-dust collecting area (3), the primary regulation and control dust collecting area (7), the acousto-electric coupling condensation area (13), the secondary regulation and control dust collecting area (18), the direct-current dust collecting area (23) and the aerosol outlet (26) are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet (1), the air distribution plate (2), the pre-dust collecting area (3), the primary regulation and control dust collecting area (7), the acousto-electric coupling condensation area (13), the secondary regulation and control dust collecting area (18), the direct-current dust collecting area (23) and the aerosol outlet (26) are sequentially communicated; a negative direct-current high-voltage wire (4) and a direct-current dust collection plate (5) are arranged in the pre-dust collection area (3), and a pre-dust collection area ash bucket (6) is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collection area (3); a primary grid plate (8) and a flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9) are arranged in the primary regulation dust collection area (7), and a primary grid plate ash removal device (10) and a primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank (11) are arranged at the bottom of the primary regulation dust collection area (7); positive pulse high-voltage wires (15) and plane electrode plates (16) are arranged in the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone (13), an acoustic wave generator (14) is arranged at the top of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone (13), and an acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone ash bucket (17) is arranged at the bottom of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone (13); a secondary grid plate (19) and a flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) are arranged in the secondary regulation dust collection area (18), and a secondary grid plate ash removal device (21) and a secondary regulation dust collection area flushing tank (22) are arranged at the bottom of the secondary regulation dust collection area (18); a negative direct current high-voltage wire (4) and a movable electrode plate (24) are arranged in the direct current dust collection area (23), and a direct current dust collection area ash bucket (25) is arranged at the bottom of the direct current dust collection area (23); the circulating pump (12) is communicated with the flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9) and the flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) through pipelines;
the pre-dust collecting area (3), the primary regulation and control dust collecting area (7), the acousto-electric coupling condensation area (13), the secondary regulation and control dust collecting area (18) and the direct current dust collecting area (23) adopt box structures with the same cross section structure and size, and adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of flow channels are overlapped; the acoustic-electric coupling condensation area (13) and the direct-current dust collection area (23) adopt equal-length box structures, and the number of electric fields is larger than that in the pre-dust collection area (3);
the flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9) and the flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the flow channel, and all adopt coil pipe structures made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, a heat exchange medium in the coil pipe is water, a water outlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9) and a water inlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) are mutually communicated through a pipeline, and a water inlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9) and a water outlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) are mutually communicated through a pipeline; the heat exchange medium in the flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9) flows from bottom to top, and the heat exchange medium in the flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) flows from top to bottom; the circulating pump (12) is arranged between a water outlet of the flue gas heating heat exchanger (20) and a water inlet of the flue gas cooling heat exchanger (9);
the single positive pulse high-voltage wire (15) is positioned at the center of the single sound wave generator (14); the plurality of acoustic wave generators (14) are sequentially arranged at the top of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation zone (13) along the direction of the flow channel, and the central lines of the plurality of acoustic wave generators (14) are coincident with the central line of the flow channel;
the negative direct current high-voltage wire (4) and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (15) are arranged in parallel along the direction of the flow channel; the negative direct current high-voltage wire (4) adopts a barbed wire electrode structure made of stainless steel materials, barbed wires are radially distributed on the electrode at equal intervals, and the negative direct current high-voltage wire (4) is connected with an external negative direct current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire (15) adopts a smooth vertical electrode structure made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (15) is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply;
the direct current dust collection plate (5), the planar electrode plate (16) and the movable electrode plate (24) are all arranged in parallel along the direction of the flow channel; the direct-current dust collection plate (5) and the movable electrode plate (24) are made of stainless steel materials, and the planar electrode plate (16) is made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials; the direct current dust collecting plate (5) and the movable electrode plate (24) adopt C-shaped dust collecting electrode plates, and the planar electrode plate (16) adopts smooth planar electrode plates.
2. The device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the primary regulation and control dust collection area (7) and the secondary regulation and control dust collection area (18) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the acoustic-electric coupling condensation area (13), and the primary regulation and control dust collection area (7) and the secondary regulation and control dust collection area (18) adopt the same structure.
3. The device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters through temperature and humidity regulation according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the primary grid plates (8) and the secondary grid plates (19) are of multi-layer grid staggered arrangement structures of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, and are uniformly distributed in the direction of a vertical runner in a circulating movement mode, wherein the windward side of the primary grid plates (8) and the windward side of the secondary grid plates (19) are of a structure moving from top to bottom, and the leeward side of the primary grid plates (8) and the leeward side of the secondary grid plates (19) are of a structure moving from bottom to top; a smoke cooling heat exchanger (9) is arranged in the circulation cavity of the primary grid plate (8), and a smoke heating heat exchanger (20) is arranged in the circulation cavity of the secondary grid plate (19); the bottom end face of the primary grid plate (8) extends into the primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank (11), and the primary grid plate ash removal device (10) is suspended on the surface of the primary regulation dust collection area flushing tank (11) and acts on the inner side of the bottom end face of the primary grid plate (8); the bottom end face of the secondary grid plate (19) stretches into the secondary regulation and control dust collection area flushing tank (22), and the secondary grid plate ash removal device (21) is suspended on the surface of the secondary regulation and control dust collection area flushing tank (22) and acts on the inner side of the bottom end face of the secondary grid plate (19).
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