CN111041145A - Loading and unloading system and reduction method for rapidly reducing iron in coal-based tunnel kiln - Google Patents
Loading and unloading system and reduction method for rapidly reducing iron in coal-based tunnel kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN111041145A CN111041145A CN202010037211.8A CN202010037211A CN111041145A CN 111041145 A CN111041145 A CN 111041145A CN 202010037211 A CN202010037211 A CN 202010037211A CN 111041145 A CN111041145 A CN 111041145A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282817 Bovidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010667 large scale reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/04—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/008—Use of special additives or fluxing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a coal-based tunnel kiln fast reduced iron loading and unloading system and a reduction method. In the invention, a method of combining a large reaction tank with a coated pellet is adopted, the thermodynamic design is scientific and reasonable, the heat conduction speed is high, the reduction speed of a single iron ore powder pellet is accelerated, the reduction temperature does not need to be increased, and the reduction temperature can be generally controlled at 1100-; the reduction time is shortened to be within 6 hours from 64 hours, the reduction time is shortened by 10 times, the dry distillation and volatilization of the reducing agent are naturally shortened by 10 times, so that the using amount of the reducing agent is greatly reduced, the residual reducing agent can be recycled by 100 percent after being simply treated, the fixed cost and the cost to be shared are further reduced, and the operation cost is reduced; and the consumption of heating coal gas is greatly reduced, and energy conservation, emission reduction, carbon reduction and environmental protection are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a loading and unloading system and a reduction method for rapidly reducing iron in a coal-based tunnel kiln.
Background
China is a big iron and steel country, the non-coking coal reserves are abundant, the reduced iron product accounts for less than 1% of the world output although having a gap of 2000 ten thousand tons every year, the annual output is less than 50 ten thousand tons, and the monthly output of the reduced iron in each country of Iran or India is 2000 ten thousand tons.
In recent years, the application range of reduced iron is also expanded, reduced iron (DRI) is indispensable furnace charge for high-quality steel smelting, and besides, the DRI can be applied to a large number of reduced iron products in tap water purification treatment, sewage treatment, waste acid liquid treatment, even desulfurization and denitrification treatment in the environmental protection industry, and a large number of reduced iron products are also needed in various industries including heating, filling, counterweight and the like.
With the increasingly poor coking coal reserves and the increasingly serious environmental protection problems in China, more relevant industrial policies are issued by the nation, and the development and application of non-coking iron making processes such as direct reduced iron and molten reduced iron and the development and application of short-process steel making technologies are encouraged.
Therefore, the development of new process technology and equipment to improve the yield and quality of the reduced iron is an urgent major cause of the metallurgical industry.
The traditional pot-type method for producing the direct reduced iron (sponge iron) by using the coal-based tunnel kiln has the advantages of mature process technology, simple process technology and easy operation, but has the defects of long reduction time, low productivity, high energy consumption and the like; the annual output of a single production line is generally 1-2 ten thousand tons, and the maximum capacity of a tunnel kiln with the length of nearly 200 meters is not more than 5 ten thousand tons, so that the practical problems of high production and operation cost, unsmooth sale and the like are caused.
At present, 200 tunnel kiln sponge iron production lines are arranged in China, almost all the production lines are in a production stop state or a production failure state, and a new process technology which is simple, feasible and not technically improved is urgently needed to be grafted for saving the production lines.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a loading and unloading system and a reduction method for rapidly reducing iron in a coal-based tunnel kiln.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a loading and unloading system for rapidly reducing iron in a coal-based tunnel kiln, which is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of reaction kilns, a discharging device, a positioning bracket and a hanger device;
wherein the reaction kiln comprises a reaction tank, an inner tube and a reaction kiln base; the reaction tanks comprise upper sub ports and lower mother ports, and the reaction tanks are connected through the upper sub ports and the lower mother ports in an interference fit manner; the inner pipes comprise inner pipe upper sub openings and inner pipe lower mother openings, and the inner pipes are connected through the inner pipe upper sub openings and the inner pipe lower mother openings in an interference fit manner; the reaction kiln base comprises a base upper seam allowance I, a base upper seam allowance II and a plurality of base supporting legs, and base supporting leg grooves are formed among the plurality of base supporting legs; the lower female port of the inner pipe at the bottommost end of the communicated inner pipes is connected with the upper sub-port I of the base in an interference fit manner and is arranged in the communicated reaction tanks; the lower female ports of the bottommost reaction tanks of the plurality of communicated reaction tanks are in interference fit connection with the upper male ports II of the base;
the discharging device comprises a discharging port, a discharging bin, a left band-type brake, a left hydraulic cylinder, a right band-type brake and a right hydraulic cylinder which are positioned on two sides of the discharging bin, and a discharging base and a lower hydraulic cylinder which are positioned on the lower portion of the discharging bin; a discharge base groove is formed among the plurality of discharge bases; the discharging base is matched with the base supporting leg groove;
the positioning bracket comprises an integrally formed positioning ring and a plurality of positioning rods; the positioning ring is sleeved on the topmost inner tube and is connected with the upper sub-opening of the inner tube in an interference fit manner; the distance between the inner wall of the reaction tank and the outer wall of the inner pipe is matched with the length of the positioning rod;
the hanger device comprises a hanging ring and a hanger which are hinged with each other, and a hook is arranged at the bottom end of the hanger.
Further, the diameter of the reaction tank is 800-1200mm, and the height is 1500-1600 mm; each group of reaction kilns comprises 3-4 reaction tanks; the diameter of the inner tube is 280-520 mm.
The adoption of the further scheme has the beneficial effects that the large-scale reaction tank is used, the volume rate of charging is increased, the productivity is increased, the total consumption of the reaction tank is reduced, and the heat absorbed by the reaction tank taken out of the kiln along with the kiln car is greatly reduced; the inner pipe is arranged in the middle of the reaction tank, high-temperature flue gas in the heating chamber can heat and roast the reaction tank, upwards flows through the upper opening I of the base from the periphery through the supporting leg grooves of the base, then enters the center of the inner pipe, and moves upwards to form a chimney effect to perform circular motion, so that the high-temperature flue gas can heat the whole reaction tank internally and externally in a double-layer mode, the heating reduction temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the single-side heating thickness of a reduced material is only 140-160 mm actually, the heating speed of the reduced material in the reaction tank is high, the reduction time is shortened to 4-6h from more than 64 hours, the reduction speed is improved by more than 10 times, and the whole capacity of the tunnel kiln is greatly increased.
Further, the periphery of the discharging base is provided with a rubber ring.
The rubber ring is in soft contact with the reaction kiln base when the discharging base is sleeved in the reaction kiln base, so that the reaction kiln base is prevented from being damaged.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for reducing iron quickly in a coal-based tunnel kiln by using the loading and unloading system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring coal powder and clay according to the weight ratio of 4:1 to form a coating, and spraying the coating on the inner wall of the reaction tank, the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the base, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.15 mm;
(2) taking an iron-containing raw material, adding an organic binder according to 1.5-2% of the weight of the iron-containing raw material, mixing and grinding, and performing water spraying pelletizing, wherein the pellet granularity phi is 8-16 mm; rolling the obtained wet pellets in a pelletizing disc filled with coal powder to cover the surface of the wet pellets with a layer of coal powder with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm to form film-coated pellets; mixing the coated pellets with a reducing agent, wherein the weight ratio of the coated pellets to the reducing agent is (55-65): (35-45);
(3) loading the mixed materials obtained in the step (2) into reaction tanks of reaction kilns, and sleeving a positioning support at the top of each group of reaction kilns after loading; using a hanger device, hooking the hooks in the grooves of the support legs of the base, hoisting the reaction kiln to a kiln car platform, and carrying out material reduction for 4-6h at the temperature of 1100-;
(4) after the materials in the reaction kiln are reduced, the reaction kiln is lifted into a discharging device by using a lifting frame device, a discharging base is sleeved in the reaction kiln base, and a hook is withdrawn from the groove side of the discharging base; in the discharging bin, a left hydraulic cylinder and a right hydraulic cylinder respectively drive a left band-type brake and a right band-type brake to be closed to tightly embrace the outer wall of the reaction tank at the bottommost end; the lower hydraulic cylinder drives the unloading base to sink, and then drives the inner pipe to sink by 250 plus 300mm, and the reduced materials in the reaction tank are discharged from the discharge hole.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the pulverized coal is pulverized bituminous coal or anthracite, and the fineness is more than 120 meshes.
Further, in the step (2), the iron-containing raw material is high-grade iron ore or iron fine powder (iron scale) with TFe of 65-72%, or refractory iron ore such as antelope rock ore, oolitic hematite, limonite, specularite, hematite or siderite with TFe of 20-60%, or composite iron ore such as vanadium titano-magnetite (sea sand), paigeite, ferromanganese ore, chromite ore and laterite-nickel ore, or iron-containing waste such as sulfuric acid slag, aluminum oxide red mud, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, chromium slag (containing hexavalent chromium) and metallurgical sludge (ash).
Further, in the step (2), the organic binder is sodium humate, water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol or dextrin; the reducing agent is a hydrocarbon solid reducing agent such as bituminous coal, anthracite, semi-coke or coke powder, biomass carbon, biomass particles and the like, and the particle size is 0-10 mm.
Further, in the step (3), after the materials are charged, 10-20mm of waste coal ash or clay is covered on the uppermost layer of the materials in the reaction tank.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned further scheme is, can effectively prevent that the pelletizing is outcrop when reducing by the oxidation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the mode of externally coating the iron ore powder pellets with a film, wet pellets are directly added into the coal powder pelletizing disc, so that the surfaces of the pellets are directly rolled with a layer of coal powder film by utilizing the action of water, the coal powder film not only plays the role of externally preparing a reducing agent, but also can effectively prevent the pellets from being directly adhered to the pellets at high temperature, and can not stick to the wall, and when cooling and discharging the tank, the invention can directly adopt a pneumatic conveying mode, thereby being environment-friendly and smoothly discharging the mixture in the tank; the obtained coated pellets do not need to be dried, a reducing agent can be directly added in addition during wet pellets and uniformly mixed and then the coated pellets are canned together, and the wet pellets are not easy to break and crack during canning due to the toughness of the wet pellets, so that the drying link of the pellets is reduced, and a drying kiln and auxiliary equipment thereof are also saved.
2. In the invention, a method of combining a large reaction tank with a coated pellet is adopted, the thermodynamic design is scientific and reasonable, the heat conduction speed is high, the reduction speed of a single iron ore powder pellet is accelerated, the reduction temperature does not need to be increased, and the temperature is generally controlled to be 1100-1200 ℃; the reduction time is shortened to be within 6 hours from 64 hours, the reduction time is shortened by 10 times, the dry distillation and volatilization of the reducing agent are naturally shortened by 10 times, so that the using amount of the reducing agent is greatly reduced, the residual reducing agent can be recycled by 100 percent after being simply treated, the fixed cost and the cost to be shared are further reduced, and the operation cost is reduced; and the consumption of heating coal gas is greatly reduced, and energy conservation, emission reduction, carbon reduction and environmental protection are realized.
3. Although the traditional tunnel kiln method for reducing iron is mature, the mechanization degree is low, mainly the canning and the canning are troublesome, and the dust pollution is serious. The invention adopts wet ball film-covered pellets for canning, the volume of the tank body is large, the quantity is small, the mechanical charging speed is high, and no dust exists; when unloading, the balls in the tank are not adhered, and can be directly pumped out in a pneumatic conveying mode and sent into a closed storage bin for separation treatment, and under the action of the positioning bracket, the inner pipe is prevented from shaking left and right in the sinking process, so that the whole process has high mechanization and automation degree and no dust emission.
4. The reaction tank and the inner pipe can also be made of high-quality heat-resistant steel such as 314, 45Ci28Ni48W5Si2 and the like, can be built into a multi-pipe and multi-unit coal-based shaft furnace reduced iron device, adopts coal gas to heat the outer wall of the composite sleeve, and utilizes high-temperature flue gas to heat the inner wall of the inner sleeve, thereby saving energy and reducing emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a conventional tunnel kiln car;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a conventional tunnel kiln car;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a reaction tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the inner tube and reaction kiln base of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the reaction kiln of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a reaction kiln and a positioning bracket according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the hanger apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the discharging device of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 10;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a reaction kiln and a discharging device according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a top view of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the discharge process of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the loading of the reaction kiln of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a top view of FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a coal-based shaft furnace constructed using the reaction kiln of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a reaction tank; 2. an inner tube; 3. a reaction kiln base; 4. feeding a seam allowance; 5. a lower female port; 6. an inner pipe upper sub-opening; 7. a lower female port of the inner tube; 8. a base upper seam allowance I; 9. a base upper seam II; 10. a base leg; 11. a base leg groove; 12. a discharge port; 13. a discharging bin; 14. a left band-type brake; 15. a left hydraulic cylinder; 16. a right band-type brake; 17. a right hydraulic cylinder; 18. a discharge base; 19. a lower hydraulic cylinder; 20. a discharge base trough; 21. a positioning ring; 22. positioning a rod; 23. a hoisting ring; 24. a hanger; 25. hooking; 26. a rubber ring; 27. and (4) a kiln car platform.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A loading and unloading system for fast reduced iron of a coal-based tunnel kiln is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of reaction kilns, a discharging device, a positioning bracket and a hanger device;
wherein, the reaction kiln consists of a reaction tank 1, an inner tube 2 and a reaction kiln base 3; the reaction tanks comprise upper sub ports 4 and lower mother ports 5, and the reaction tanks are connected through the upper sub ports and the lower mother ports in an interference fit manner; the inner pipes comprise inner pipe upper sub openings 6 and inner pipe lower mother openings 7, and the inner pipes are connected through the inner pipe upper sub openings and the inner pipe lower mother openings in an interference fit manner; the reaction kiln base comprises a base upper seam allowance I8, a base upper seam allowance II 9 and a plurality of base supporting legs 10, wherein base supporting leg grooves 11 are formed among the plurality of base supporting legs; the lower female port of the inner pipe at the bottommost end of the communicated inner pipes is connected with the upper sub-port I of the base in an interference fit manner and is arranged in the communicated reaction tanks; the lower female ports of the bottommost reaction tanks of the plurality of communicated reaction tanks are in interference fit connection with the upper male ports II of the base;
the discharging device comprises a discharging hole 12, a discharging bin 13, a left band-type brake 14, a left hydraulic cylinder 15, a right band-type brake 16, a right hydraulic cylinder 17, a discharging base 18 and a lower hydraulic cylinder 19, wherein the left band-type brake 14, the left hydraulic cylinder and the right band-type brake are positioned on two sides of the discharging bin; a plurality of discharge base grooves 20 are formed among the discharge bases; the discharging base is matched with the base supporting leg groove; a rubber ring 26 is arranged at the periphery of the discharging base;
the positioning bracket comprises an integrally formed positioning ring 21 and a plurality of positioning rods 22; the positioning ring is sleeved on the topmost inner tube and is connected with the upper sub-opening of the inner tube in an interference fit manner; the distance between the inner wall of the reaction tank and the outer wall of the inner pipe is matched with the length of the positioning rod;
the hanger device comprises a hanging ring 23 and a hanger 24 which are hinged with each other, and a hook 25 is arranged at the bottom end of the hanger.
A method for rapidly reducing iron in a coal-based tunnel kiln by using the loading and unloading system comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring coal powder and clay according to the weight ratio of 80:20 to form a coating, and spraying the coating on the inner wall of the reaction tank, the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the base, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.15 mm;
(2) taking an iron-containing raw material, adding an organic binder according to 1.5% of the weight of the iron-containing raw material, mixing and grinding, and performing water spraying pelletizing, wherein the particle size of the pellets is phi 8-16 mm; rolling the obtained wet pellets in a pelletizing disc filled with coal powder to cover the surface of the wet pellets with a layer of coal powder with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm to form film-coated pellets; and (3) adding a reducing agent into the coated pellets and mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the coated pellets to the reducing agent is 60: 40;
(3) loading the mixed materials obtained in the step (2) into reaction tanks of reaction kilns, covering 15mm waste coal ash on the uppermost layer of the materials in the reaction tanks after loading, and sleeving positioning supports at the tops of each group of reaction kilns; a hanging bracket device is used, a hook is hooked in a groove of a base support leg, the reaction kiln is hoisted to a kiln car platform 27, and materials are reduced for 4-6h under the conditions of 1100-1200 ℃;
(4) the method comprises the steps of reducing materials in a reaction kiln, hoisting the reaction kiln into a discharging device by using a hoisting frame device, sleeving a discharging base into the reaction kiln base, withdrawing a hook from the groove side of the discharging base, driving a left band-type brake and a right band-type brake to be folded respectively by a left hydraulic cylinder and a right hydraulic cylinder in a discharging bin, tightly embracing the outer wall of a reaction tank at the bottommost end, driving the discharging base to sink by a lower hydraulic cylinder, further driving an inner pipe to sink by 250-300mm, discharging reduced materials in the reaction tank from a discharging port, separating and smelting reduced iron products with TFe being more than or equal to 90%, η Fe being more than or equal to 93% and recovery rate being more than or equal to 93.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A loading and unloading system for fast reduced iron of a coal-based tunnel kiln is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of reaction tanks, a discharging device, a positioning bracket and a hanger device;
wherein the reaction kiln comprises a reaction tank, an inner tube and a reaction kiln base; the reaction tanks comprise upper sub ports and lower mother ports, and the reaction tanks are connected through the upper sub ports and the lower mother ports in an interference fit manner; the inner pipes comprise inner pipe upper sub openings and inner pipe lower mother openings, and the inner pipes are connected through the inner pipe upper sub openings and the inner pipe lower mother openings in an interference fit manner; the reaction kiln base comprises a base upper seam allowance I, a base upper seam allowance II and a plurality of base supporting legs, and base supporting leg grooves are formed among the plurality of base supporting legs; the lower female port of the inner pipe at the bottommost end of the communicated inner pipes is connected with the upper sub-port I of the base in an interference fit manner and is arranged in the communicated reaction tanks; the lower female ports of the bottommost reaction tanks of the plurality of communicated reaction tanks are in interference fit connection with the upper male ports II of the base;
the discharging device comprises a discharging port, a discharging bin, a left band-type brake, a left hydraulic cylinder, a right band-type brake and a right hydraulic cylinder which are positioned on two sides of the discharging bin, and a discharging base and a lower hydraulic cylinder which are positioned on the lower portion of the discharging bin; a discharge base groove is formed among the plurality of discharge bases; the discharging base is matched with the base supporting leg groove;
the positioning bracket comprises an integrally formed positioning ring and a plurality of positioning rods; the positioning ring is sleeved on the topmost inner tube and is connected with the upper sub-opening of the inner tube in an interference fit manner; the distance between the inner wall of the reaction tank and the outer wall of the inner pipe is matched with the length of the positioning rod;
the hanger device comprises a hanging ring and a hanger which are hinged with each other, and a hook is arranged at the bottom end of the hanger.
2. The loading and unloading system according to claim 1, wherein the reaction tank and the inner tube are made of 85% silicon carbide, 314 heat-resistant stainless steel or 45Ci28Ni48W5Si2 heat-resistant stainless steel; the diameter of the reaction tank is phi 800-1200mm, and the height is 1500-1600 mm; the diameter of the inner tube is 280-520 mm; each group of reaction kilns comprises 3-4 reaction tanks.
3. The loading and unloading system according to claim 1, wherein a rubber ring is provided around the discharge base.
4. The method for rapidly reducing iron in the coal-based tunnel kiln by using the material loading and unloading system of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring coal powder and clay according to the weight ratio of 4:1 to form a coating, and spraying the coating on the inner wall of the reaction tank, the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the base, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.15 mm;
(2) taking an iron-containing raw material, adding an organic binder according to 1.5-2% of the weight of the iron-containing raw material, mixing and grinding, and performing water spraying pelletizing, wherein the pellet granularity phi is 8-16 mm; rolling the obtained wet pellets in a pelletizing disc filled with coal powder to cover the surface of the wet pellets with a layer of coal powder with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm to form film-coated pellets; mixing the coated pellets with a reducing agent, wherein the weight ratio of the coated pellets to the reducing agent is (55-65): (35-45);
(3) loading the mixed materials obtained in the step (2) into reaction tanks of reaction kilns, and sleeving a positioning support at the top of each group of reaction kilns after loading; using a hanger device, hooking the hooks in the grooves of the support legs of the base, hoisting the reaction kiln to a kiln car platform, and carrying out material reduction for 4-6h at the temperature of 1100-;
(4) after the materials in the reaction kiln are reduced, the reaction kiln is lifted into a discharging device by using a lifting frame device, a discharging base is sleeved in the reaction kiln base, and a hook is withdrawn from the groove side of the discharging base; in the discharging bin, a left hydraulic cylinder and a right hydraulic cylinder respectively drive a left band-type brake and a right band-type brake to be closed to tightly embrace the outer wall of the reaction tank at the bottommost end; the lower hydraulic cylinder drives the unloading base to sink, and then drives the inner pipe to sink by 250 plus 300mm, and the reduced materials in the reaction tank are discharged from the discharge hole.
5. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein in step (1) or (2), said pulverized coal is pulverized bituminous coal or anthracite, and the fineness is 120 meshes or more.
6. A reducing method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the organic binder is sodium humate, water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol or dextrin; the reducing agent is bituminous coal, anthracite, semi-coke or coke powder with the grain size of 0-10 mm.
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