CN111024533A - Method for detecting steel materials cut by cutter - Google Patents
Method for detecting steel materials cut by cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024533A CN111024533A CN201911244610.5A CN201911244610A CN111024533A CN 111024533 A CN111024533 A CN 111024533A CN 201911244610 A CN201911244610 A CN 201911244610A CN 111024533 A CN111024533 A CN 111024533A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013072 incoming material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting a steel material cut by a cutter, which comprises the following steps: (1) pre-screening the raw materials to obtain a pre-screened qualified product; (2) blanking the qualified product obtained in the step (1) to obtain a sample; (3) quenching the sample, cooling to room temperature, performing multi-point hardness test on the cooled sample, comparing the hardness values of the sample before and after quenching and the uniformity of hardness of each point, judging the segregation condition of the internal tissue of the sample, tempering the quenched sample, performing multi-point hardness test after the sample is cooled to room temperature, and judging whether the material can be used for subsequent knife and shear manufacturing according to the test result. The invention can obtain the degree of the comprehensive performance of the material and provide a process adjustment range for production; the state of the internal structure of the material can be rapidly and intuitively known, whether the material meets the requirements or not is confirmed, and whether the material is suitable for manufacturing knife and scissors products or not is judged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of knife and shear production, in particular to a method for detecting a steel material of a knife and shear.
Background
In the case of the martensitic steel for scissors, the supplier is basically delivered to the purchaser in a pearlite structure state, and the purchaser checks the material after the material is taken into the warehouse by sampling and testing, generally, the inspection is checked against the specification of the material, the contents of the items are various, the inspection efficiency is low, the performance of the processed material cannot be directly measured, the existence of the defects cannot be judged, and the suitability of the material for manufacturing the scissors for kitchen cannot be judged.
In the field of knife and scissors production, raw materials for producing knife and scissors need to be screened to judge whether the batch of raw materials can be used for producing the knife and scissors, the existing screening method is simple, the inspection after the materials are put into a bin and before the materials are used is generally sampling detection, the inspection comprises the inspection from aspects of appearance, size, hardness, chemical components and the like, and then the inspection is carried out by contrasting a material report, the method cannot directly detect the defects of the overall performance of the processed materials, particularly the defects of the internal tissues of the materials, so the existing detection method cannot be used for evaluating whether the materials are suitable for manufacturing knife and scissors products.
It can be known from the material science theory that the material structure determines the performance, if the material structure is judged to be qualified, the metallographic examination is usually used, but the metallographic examination method has great limitation and cannot be applied to the detection of the internal structure of all materials, for example, for the production required by multiple batches, the metallographic examination method is not applicable, because the metallographic examination speed is relatively slow, several steps such as selecting, inlaying, grinding, polishing, eroding and the like are needed, the grinding and polishing steps have quite high requirements on examination technicians, and the sampling is only a small area, if the sampling of multiple areas increases the workload, and is greatly different from the actual production condition, a faster and effective method needs to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing detection method for the raw material of the knife shear is complex in operation, long in time consumption, incapable of reflecting the integral condition of a product and the like, and in order to accurately and efficiently detect the steel material of the kitchen knife shear and determine whether the steel material meets the requirements of the knife shear production, the invention provides the detection method for the steel material of the knife shear, on one hand, the detection of the process performance and the mechanical performance is combined, the degree of the comprehensive performance of the material can be known, the process adjustment range is provided for the production, and the product is ensured to meet the quality requirements; on the other hand, the state of the internal structure of the material can be rapidly and intuitively known, whether the material meets the requirements or not is confirmed, and whether the material is suitable for manufacturing knife and scissors products or not is judged.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting a steel material cut by a cutter comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-screening the raw materials to obtain a pre-screened qualified product;
(2) blanking the qualified product obtained in the step (1) to obtain a sample;
(3) quenching the sample, cooling to room temperature, performing multi-point hardness test on the cooled sample, comparing the hardness values of the sample before and after quenching and the uniformity of hardness of each point, judging the segregation condition of the internal tissue of the sample, tempering the quenched sample, performing multi-point hardness test after the sample is cooled to room temperature, and judging whether the material can be used for subsequent knife and shear manufacturing according to the test result.
Tempering the quenched sample, and cooling the sample to room temperature, which is 20-30 ℃ for subsequent performance test.
Optionally, in the step (3), when the hardness values of the samples before and after quenching and the uniformity of the hardness of each point are compared, the sample with the hardness difference of more than or equal to 3HRC is evaluated as a non-conforming product, and the sample with the hardness difference of less than 3HRC is evaluated as a conforming product.
Optionally, in the step (3), after the multipoint hardness test is performed on the quenched sample, the judgment standard of the qualified hardness of the sample is as follows: the quenching hardness is 55-60HRC, the tempering hardness is 54-58HRC, in some embodiments, the quenching hardness is 55-57HRC, the tempering hardness is 54-56HRC, in other embodiments, the quenching hardness is 57-59HRC, the tempering hardness is 55-57HRC, in other embodiments, the quenching hardness is 58-60HRC, and the tempering hardness is 56-58HRC, and the specific range can be set according to the grade of the raw material.
Optionally, in the step (3), after tempering, the tensile property test of the sample is further included. The more strict the screening requirements on the material are, the more the performance indexes are detected, the tensile property test, the impact resistance test and the like can be carried out on the sample after tempering, and the judgment standard of qualified products can be set according to the actual situation.
Optionally, in the step (3), after tempering, when the tensile property test is performed on the sample, the judgment standards of the qualified product are that the tensile strength is not less than 1100Mpa, and the elongation is not less than 6%. The standard for determining the qualified product may be a tensile strength of not less than 1100MPa and an elongation of not less than 8%, a tensile strength of not less than 1150MPa and an elongation of not less than 6.5%, a tensile strength of not less than 1250MPa and an elongation of not less than 6%.
Optionally, in the step (3), after tempering, performing an impact resistance test on the test sample.
Optionally, in the step (3), the heat treatment heating, heat preservation and cooling processes are as follows: heating the sample to 1050-1060 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 10min, and then cooling to room temperature.
The quenching and tempering temperatures of products with different grades are different, and the performance index ranges such as hardness and the like of qualified products are also different.
Optionally, in the step (3), during quenching and heat preservation, the heat preservation time is increased by 3min for steel plates with the thickness of less than or equal to 2mm and steel plates with the thickness of more than 2mm when the heat preservation time is increased by 1 mm.
Optionally, in the step (3), when quenching and heat preservation are performed, heat preservation is performed on a steel plate with the thickness of less than or equal to 2mm for 10 min.
Optionally, in the step (3), after the quenching and heat preservation, the cooling rate is 30-50 ℃/S during cooling.
Optionally, in the step (3), when the sample is tempered, the sample is heated to 160-.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a detection method for steel products of knives and scissors, on one hand, the degree of the comprehensive performance of the materials can be known by combining the detection of the process performance and the mechanical property, the process adjustment range is provided for production, and the products are ensured to meet the quality requirement; on the other hand, the state of the internal structure of the material can be rapidly and intuitively known, whether the material meets the requirements or not is confirmed, and whether the material is suitable for manufacturing knife and scissors products or not is judged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the process flow of the pre-screening in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a standard sample.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a clamping portion; 2. a detection unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Hardness is an indication of the ability of a material surface to resist elastic deformation, plastic deformation or breakage in a small area. The hardness is not a simple physical or mechanical quantity, and is a comprehensive performance index representing a series of different physical quantity combinations such as elasticity, plasticity, plastic deformation strengthening rate, strength, toughness and the like. For knife-cut articles, hardness is the most intuitive performance criterion. For the manufacturing process of the knife scissors, heat treatment is a core link for exerting the potential of materials, and the performance after the heat treatment determines the upper limit of the performance of the knife scissors, so that the performance after the heat treatment of the materials is tested to reflect the actual situation.
The tensile test is one of the most important test methods in the mechanical property test of materials. The data of the strength and the plasticity of the material obtained by the tensile test have important reference values for design, material selection, new material development, material purchase and acceptance, product quality control and the like. The higher the strength is, the larger the external force which can be born by the material is; the greater the elongation after fracture, the greater the degree of deformation that can be tolerated, and the better the forgeability and weldability. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a welding method for a welding tool which can ensure the quality of a shear used for welding when the elongation reaches a certain value, and can also satisfy the requirements for the impact properties.
Therefore, the comprehensive performance testing method combining the hardness and the tensile mechanical performance is a more scientific and practical method for testing the materials of the knife and the scissors. The combination of the technological performance and the mechanical performance of the material is tested, the conformance condition of the material can be reflected more visually, the range of the technological performance can be reflected, a space for technological adjustment is provided for the production process, and the product is ensured to meet the technical requirements.
Example 1
The method for detecting the raw materials of the scissors provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 2, pre-screening the raw materials to obtain pre-screened qualified products; according to the standard of GB/T3280-.
(2) Blanking the qualified product obtained in the step (1) to obtain a standard sample; as shown in fig. 3, the two ends of the standard sample are clamping portions 1, the middle is a detecting portion 2, the detecting portion 2 is in a narrow strip shape and is used for hardness detection, the clamping portion 1 is used for clamping a tool during a tensile property test, and the circle portion in fig. 3 is a sampling area for hardness detection.
(3) In this example, a heat treatment experimental furnace with atmosphere protection is used, the relative fixed parameters of heat treatment heating, heat preservation and cooling are respectively designed according to the volume, thickness and material type of a material sample, and the sample is subjected to standard heat treatment quenching and tempering, and the treatment process of each material is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
(4) After quenching the sample, after the sample is cooled to room temperature, the surface of the sample is subjected to multi-point hardness measurement, and the grading standard of the hardness uniformity is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Uniformity rating | Hardness differential/HRC |
| Superior food | ≤1 |
| Good wine | 1-3 |
| Difference (D) | ≥3 |
In table 2, the product with the excellent uniformity rating and the good product is the acceptable product.
(5) Tempering the sample according to a relative standard process, after tempering, cooling the sample to room temperature, testing the hardness by referring to the method in the step (4), comparing the hardness value before tempering with the automatic control standard, and determining the tempering stability and other defects of the material, wherein the process parameters are shown in a table 3;
TABLE 3
| Serial number | Material brand | Heating temperature/. degree.C | Holding time/ |
| 1 | 30Cr13 | 180 | 180 |
| 2 | 40Cr13 | 180 | 180 |
| 3 | 50Cr15MoV | 180 | 180 |
(6) And (3) respectively performing static stretching on the samples subjected to heat treatment quenching and tempering to obtain relevant mechanical property data of the samples, judging whether the materials meet the use requirements and the process adjustment basis, and performing the test according to GB/T229-2007 metal Charpy notched impact test method.
The segregation condition of the internal structure of the material is judged by comparing the hardness value of the material under the normal condition and the uniformity degree of the hardness of each point, and the qualified judgment standard of the hardness is shown in the table 4.
TABLE 4
And, the tensile property test is carried out on the sample, and the qualification judgment standard of the tensile property test result is as follows:
TABLE 5
The statistical results of the yield are as follows
TABLE 6 statistical table of percent of pass
In table 6, the qualification rate of the raw material is the percentage of the qualified product in the total batch of the incoming material after the sample is subjected to quenching hardness detection, tempering hardness detection and tensile property detection, and the qualification rate of the used knife is the percentage of the qualified product in the knife scissors manufactured by the method in the embodiment, and the qualified number of the knife scissors products in the all the manufactured knife scissors products.
In summary, the invention provides a detection method for steel materials of a knife and a shear, on one hand, the degree of the comprehensive performance of the materials can be known by combining the detection of the process performance and the mechanical performance, so as to provide a process adjustment range for production and ensure that the products meet the quality requirements; on the other hand, the state of the internal structure of the material can be rapidly and intuitively known, whether the material meets the requirements or not is confirmed, and whether the material is suitable for manufacturing knife and scissors products or not is judged.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting the steel material cut by the cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pre-screening the raw materials to obtain a pre-screened qualified product;
(2) blanking the qualified product obtained in the step (1) to obtain a sample;
(3) quenching the sample, cooling to room temperature, performing multi-point hardness test on the cooled sample, comparing the hardness values of the sample before and after quenching and the uniformity of hardness of each point, judging the segregation condition of the internal tissue of the sample, tempering the quenched sample, performing multi-point hardness test after the sample is cooled to room temperature, and judging whether the material can be used for subsequent knife and shear manufacturing according to the test result.
2. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), when the hardness values of the samples before and after quenching and the uniformity of the hardness of each point are compared, the samples with the hardness difference of more than or equal to 3HRC are evaluated as unqualified products, and the samples with the hardness difference of less than 3HRC are evaluated as qualified products.
3. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), after the quenched sample is subjected to the multi-point hardness test, the judgment standard of qualified sample hardness is as follows: the quenching hardness is 55-60HRC, and the tempering hardness is 54-58 HRC.
4. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step (3), after tempering, performing tensile property test on the sample.
5. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (3), after tempering, when the tensile property of the sample is tested, the judgment standards of qualified products are that the tensile strength is not less than 1100Mpa and the elongation is not less than 6%.
6. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) after tempering, carrying out an impact resistance test on the sample.
7. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the heat treatment heating, heat preservation and cooling processes are as follows: heating the sample to 1050-1060 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 10min, and then cooling to room temperature.
8. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), during quenching and heat preservation, the heat preservation time is increased by 3min when the thickness of the steel plate is less than or equal to 2mm is increased by 1mm and the thickness of the steel plate is more than 2mm is maintained for 8-10 min.
9. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), after quenching and heat preservation are finished, the cooling speed is 30-50 ℃/S during cooling.
10. The method for detecting a steel material cut by a knife according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), when the sample is tempered, the sample is heated to 180 ℃ and the temperature is maintained for 180 min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112098249A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-18 | 东北大学 | Method for qualitatively evaluating crack-stopping toughness of steel plate by using microhardness distribution of impact fracture |
| CN112146914A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-29 | 长江三峡技术经济发展有限公司 | Sampling, sampling and sampling method for detecting mechanical property of hardened and tempered steel bar of tensioning screw rod and sampling method |
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Denomination of invention: A method for detecting steel with knives and scissors Granted publication date: 20220902 Pledgee: Agricultural Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Yangjiang branch Pledgor: YANGJIANG SHIBAZI KNIVES AND SCISSORS PRODUCTS Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980040847 |