CN111008920A - Polluted site investigation method based on groundwater level fluctuation effect - Google Patents
Polluted site investigation method based on groundwater level fluctuation effect Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012954 risk control Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polluted site investigation method based on a groundwater level fluctuation effect, which provides a basis for sampling and stationing by judging the occurrence space distribution characteristics of pollutants in soil and groundwater, and improves the accuracy of site environment investigation by professional stationing. The invention has the advantages that: the site investigation method can improve the accuracy of site investigation, can more accurately control the spatial distribution characteristics of site pollutants, and provides more accurate basic data for subsequent assessment or repair and treatment work; the method can be applied to environmental investigation of various types of polluted sites such as agricultural land, construction land or reclamation land, and the like, and the characteristics of influence of groundwater level fluctuation on pollutant migration are utilized to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants, so that the design of an investigation scheme is guided, and professional stationing sampling is carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental geotechnics, and particularly relates to a polluted site investigation method based on an underground water level fluctuation effect.
Background
Since the initiation of site and environment investigation work in China is late, the department of environmental protection released the technical guide for site and environment investigation (HJ25.1-2014) in 2014, the environment investigation of polluted sites was carried out in succession in provinces and cities until 2016, and the nation officially released the action plan for soil pollution control, which further provided guarantee for the investigation of polluted sites. In addition, in 2017, the ministry of environmental protection and the ministry of agriculture have together released "methods for managing soil environment in agricultural land" (trial implementation), and it was determined that site survey work in agricultural land was carried out once every decade. In 2018, the ministry of environmental protection issued "soil environment management method for industrial and mining areas", wherein the seventh item mentioned: the new, improved and expanded projects of key units should be used for carrying out the investigation of the current situation of the soil and underground water environment of the industrial and mining land according to the relevant national technical specifications when carrying out the evaluation of the environmental impact of the construction projects.
According to the contents of related plans, guiding rules, methods and the like published in recent years in China, the environmental investigation work of a polluted site becomes the first step of the work of pollution treatment, site remediation, groundwater remediation and the like, and is also a key step, and the accuracy degree of the investigation is directly related to the economic, social, technical and other benefits of later-stage remediation and treatment.
Most site investigation schemes are designed mainly by a system point distribution method, the point distribution method is suitable for various site conditions, particularly the conditions that the pollution distribution is not clear or the pollution distribution range is large, the point distribution method can be a Wanjin oil type point distribution method, and for the reason, sites with pollution distribution characteristics can be originally judged, the system point distribution method is directly adopted for simplifying the flow, so that the point distribution is not representative, and the pollution characteristics of the sites cannot be accurately controlled, such as strong pollution source, pollution depth, pollution range and the like are caused. Obviously, each polluted site has its own characteristics, such as stratum difference, pollutant type difference, pollution age difference and the like, after the pollutants enter soil or underground water, due to the influence of underground water level fluctuation, the pollution evolution process of the pollutants on the soil and the underground water is directly related to the arrangement position and the arrangement depth of sampling points in an investigation scheme, and further the accuracy degree of the site environment investigation is influenced.
Therefore, when site environment investigation is carried out, the system point distribution method should not be taken as a mainstream method, more pollution characteristics of different sites should be analyzed, and the pollution characteristics of the sites are accurately controlled by using a professional point distribution method, so that the purpose of investigation is achieved, and accurate basic data is provided for subsequent assessment or repair and treatment work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polluted site investigation method based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect according to the defects of the prior art, the investigation method provides a basis for sampling and point distribution by judging the space distribution characteristics of pollutants in soil and groundwater, and improves the accuracy of site environment investigation by professional point distribution.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a polluted site investigation method based on a groundwater level fluctuation effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): determining basic information of a polluted site, comprising: the location, range, type, suspected pollutant and pollution source, and life of pollution of the polluted site;
step (2): determining hydrogeological conditions of the polluted site, wherein the hydrogeological conditions comprise stratum distribution conditions, soil property and physical mechanical parameters, underground water level burial depth or elevation, water level elevation and depth of surface water, rainfall, evaporation capacity, permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient;
and (3): analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site, wherein the groundwater level fluctuation effect refers to the fluctuation characteristics of the diving position and comprises the period and the amplitude of the diving position fluctuation and the relation between the diving position and the soil layer;
and (4): based on the steps (1) to (3), establishing a water level geological conceptual model of the polluted site, wherein the water level geological conceptual model comprises the following steps:
a) the composition conditions of a water-resisting layer covering under the diving aquifer and the stratum above the water-resisting layer, wherein the composition conditions comprise ground elevation, soil property and thickness;
b) permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient of soil bodies of each stratum;
c) rainfall, evaporation capacity, surface water level elevation and depth and diving level water level elevation of a polluted site;
d) the position, the pollution age and the pollution intensity of suspected pollutants and pollution sources;
e) boundary conditions at the boundary of the pollution site are divided into a first type of boundary conditions, a second type of boundary conditions and a third type of boundary conditions; the first type of boundary condition is a given head boundary, the second type of boundary condition is a given flow boundary, the third type of boundary condition is a mixed boundary, and the mixed boundary is the combination of the first type of boundary condition and the second type of boundary condition;
and (5): digitizing the hydrogeological conceptual model established in the step (4), wherein a mathematical expression equation is as follows:
C(x,y,z,0)＝C0(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Ω
C(x,y,z,t)＝C(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Γ1t＞0
in the formula:
c is the dissolved concentration of the contaminated site soil, ML-3；
qiDarcy velocity, LT, for contaminated site soil-1；
DijDiffusion coefficient tensor for soil body of polluted site, L2T-1；
qsFlow rate per unit volume aquifer of source/sink, T-1The source/sink representing water entering the simulation system through the source or exiting the simulation system through the sink;
Csas concentration of source/sink, ML-3The source/sink representing water entering the simulation system through the source or exiting the simulation system through the sink;
l1as reaction rate constant of the dissolved phase, T-1；
l2As reaction rate constant of the adsorption phase, T-1；
Theta is the porosity of the soil body of the polluted site;
θwthe water content of soil bodies in polluted fields;
ρbvolume density of pore media, ML, for contaminated site soil-3；
R is a delay factor of a soil body of a polluted site;
C0(x, y, z) is the known concentration condition of the soil body of the polluted site;
omega is the range of the hydrogeological conceptual model;
c (x, y, z) represents a given concentration of the contaminated site soil;
Γ 1, Γ 2, Γ 3 represent the first class of boundary conditions, the second class of boundary conditions, the third class of boundary conditions, respectively;
fi(x, y, z) represents a diffusion flux function orthogonal to the boundary Γ 2;
gi(x, y, z) is a known function representing the total flux orthogonal to Γ 3;
and (6): calculating and solving the mathematical expression equation in the step (5) by using numerical simulation software, wherein the numerical simulation software includes but is not limited to GMS, FEFLOW, TOUGH2, HYDROUS, COMSOL, and the calculation and solution result is the current pollutant concentration C in the polluted sitePThe method comprises the following steps: (a) a contaminant horizontal distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different positions in a horizontal direction; (b) a vertical distribution of contaminants feature, the vertical distribution of contaminants feature comprising a concentration of contaminants at different depths in a vertical direction;
and (7): according to the step (6), the pollutant concentrations C of different positions and different depths obtained by calculation and solution are obtainedPThe pollutant concentration grades are divided according to the following rules:
a) determining the minimum pollutant concentration C of pollutants in a pollution site according to the soil environment quality and soil pollution risk control standards of different land types of Chinamin；
b) If Cp＞CminCalculating the pollutant concentration difference C of the polluted site for gradingj，Cj＝Cp-CminDifference of concentration of contaminant CjDividing the concentration of the pollutants into 3 pollutant concentration grade intervals from high to low, wherein the pollutant concentration grades are respectively a pollutant concentration grade I, a pollutant concentration grade II and a pollutant concentration grade III;
c) if Cp＜CminThen, the classification of the pollutant concentration grade is not carried out;
and (8): according to the pollutant concentration level determined in the step (7), during on-site investigation sampling:
a) if Cp＞CminAnd pollutants of the same pollutant concentration grade are distributed in space continuously, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in 3 pollutant concentration grades, and 3 sampling points are arranged in total;
b) if Cp＞CminAnd the pollutant space distribution of the same pollutant concentration level is discontinuous, in 3 pollutant concentration levels, sampling points are arranged at the position with the highest pollutant concentration in the pollutant space continuous distribution range, and meanwhile, sampling points are arranged at the pollutant space discontinuous distribution position, and the number of the sampling points is more than 3;
c) if Cp＜CminArranging sampling points only at the position with the highest pollutant concentration, and setting 1 sampling point in total;
and (9): sampling at intervals in the depth range of the sampling points, so that the number of samples at each sampling point is not less than 3;
step (10): sending the sample to a laboratory for detection, and detecting the pollutant concentration C of the sampletextAnd CpAnd CminAnd (3) comparison: if Cp＞CminAnd Ctext＞CminOr Cp≤CminAnd Ctext＞CminThe sampling points need to be replenished; wherein, Cp＞CminAnd Ctext＞CminWhen the complementary sampling point is CP supplement＝CminThe position of (a); cp≤CminAnd Ctext＞CminWhen the complementary sampling point is CP supplement＝(Cp*Cmin/Ctext) The position of (a).
The step (3) of analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site comprises the following steps:
step (3.1): collecting rainfall data and diver's seat monitoring well actual measurement data of at least one hydrological year in an administrative area where a pollution site is located, wherein the rainfall data is rainfall, and the diver's seat monitoring well actual measurement data is diving water level buried depth or elevation;
step (3.2): mean daily rainfall is expressed as
Expressing the mean daily diving water level burial depth or elevation as
Step (3.3): constructing a coordinate system, wherein the X axis of the coordinate system represents the daily average rainfall
The Y axis of the coordinate system represents the mean daily diving water level burial depth or elevation as
And collected
And
drawing a point diagram on the coordinate system;
step (3.4): performing linear correlation analysis on the plotted point diagram to obtain a linear correlation linear equation expressed as Y ═ aX + b, wherein Y represents the daily mean diving water level burial depth or elevation
X represents the daily average rainfall
a and b are constants;
step (3.5): calculating a correlation coefficient R of the linear correlation linear equation to verify whether the linear correlation linear equation is established, if R is less than 0.5, indicating that the linear correlation linear equation is not established and the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
Average daily rainfall
The relationship between the two is nonlinear; if R is more than or equal to 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is established, and the next step is carried out;
step (3.6): and determining the diving water level buried depth or elevation of the polluted site by utilizing the linear correlation linear equation and the rainfall data of the polluted site so as to further analyze the diving level fluctuation characteristics of the polluted site.
In the step (3.4), the method for obtaining the linear correlation linear equation comprises the following steps: and performing linear correlation analysis on the drawn point diagram, drawing to obtain a linear correlation straight line, randomly selecting two points on the linear correlation straight line, and determining an equation of the linear correlation straight line according to coordinates of the two points.
In step (3.5), the calculation method of the correlation coefficient R is:
(1) defining residual errors ei＝yi-fiWherein, yiPoints actually drawn on the point diagram; f. ofiIs given asiAnd points corresponding to the abscissa of (a) and located on the linearly related straight line;
(2) computing residual sum of squares SSresThe calculation formula is as follows:
(3) defining mean observations
Wherein, yiPoints actually drawn on the point diagram; n is the number of points actually drawn on the point diagram;
(4) calculating the sum of squarestotThe calculation formula is
(5) Calculating a decision coefficient R2The calculation formula is：
(6) The correlation coefficient R is obtained by calculation according to the formula
The invention has the advantages that: the site investigation method can improve the accuracy of site investigation, can more accurately control the spatial distribution characteristics of site pollutants, and provides more accurate basic data for subsequent assessment or repair and treatment work; the method can be applied to environmental investigation of various types of polluted sites such as agricultural land, construction land or reclamation land, and the like, and the characteristics of influence of groundwater level fluctuation on pollutant migration are utilized to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants, so that the design of an investigation scheme is guided, and professional stationing sampling is carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical table of soil layer distribution and migration related parameters of a target site in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of rainfall of a target site in a hydrological year in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a statistical plot of the evaporation intensity of the submergible surface of a target site in a hydrological year in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a table showing the average monthly submergence depth statistics of a hydrological year in the administrative area of the contaminated site according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a point diagram drawn in the present invention for linear correlation analysis and drawing to obtain a linear correlation straight line.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to facilitate an understanding of those skilled in the art.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment specifically relates to a contaminated site investigation method based on a groundwater level fluctuation effect, which can be applied to environmental investigation of various contaminated sites such as agricultural land, construction land or reclamation land, and evaluate spatial distribution characteristics of contaminants by using the influence characteristics of groundwater level fluctuation on contaminant migration, so as to guide the design of an investigation scheme and perform professional stationing sampling. The specific steps of the investigation method are described below with reference to a contaminated site:
step (1): determining basic information of the polluted site, wherein the basic information comprises: location of the polluted site, range of the polluted site, type of land, suspected pollutant and pollution source, and life of pollution.
The target site in the embodiment is a certain polluted site, the range of the target site is 200m multiplied by 200m, the pollutant is trichloroethylene, the pollution age is 10 years, the pollution source is a site original acid washing pool, and the pollution intensity is 100 mg/L;
fig. 1 is a statistical table of soil layer distribution and migration related parameters of a target site in the embodiment, fig. 2 is a statistical graph of rainfall of the target site in a hydrological year in the embodiment, fig. 3 is a statistical graph of evaporation strength of a submerged surface of the target site in a hydrological year in the embodiment, the ground elevation is +4.5m, the ground is mainly composed of cohesive soil and sandy soil within a depth of 30m, the ground is mainly divided into 4 layers from top to bottom, the ① th layer is filled with soil, the bottom of the layer is buried by 2m, and the ② th layer is3-1The layer is a sandy silt layer, the buried depth of the bottom of the layer is 15m, the ② th layer3-2The stratum is a silt stratum with a buried depth of 20m at the bottom, the ⑤ th stratum is a clay stratum with no uncovering until the depth reaches 30m, and each stratum can be homogenized and vertically opposite to the horizontal direction according to the stratifying property of the stratum.
Step (2): determining the hydrogeological conditions of the polluted site, wherein the hydrogeological conditions comprise stratum distribution conditions, soil property, physical and mechanical parameters, underground water level burial depth or elevation, water level elevation and depth of surface water, rainfall, evaporation capacity, permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient.
And (3): analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site, wherein the groundwater level fluctuation effect refers to the fluctuation characteristics of the diving position and comprises the period and the amplitude of the diving position fluctuation and the relation between the diving position and the soil layer, and the method specifically comprises the following calculation steps:
step (3.1): collecting rainfall data and diver's seat monitoring well actual measurement data of at least one hydrologic year in an administrative area where the pollution site is located, wherein the administrative area can be a county/town, district/county; the rainfall data is rainfall, and the actually measured data of the diving position monitoring well is diving water level buried depth or elevation.
Step (3.2): as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the rainfall data collected in step (3.1) is averaged daily for one hydrologic year to obtain daily average rainfall
And carrying out daily average on the data of the burial depth or the elevation of the diving water level according to hydrologic year to obtain the burial depth or the elevation of the daily average diving water level
It should be noted that the data may be acquired on a monthly average basis according to actual needs.
Step (3.3): constructing a coordinate system, wherein the X axis of the coordinate system represents the daily average rainfall
Y-axis of coordinate system represents daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
And collecting the collected hydrologic years
And
data are plotted in dot plots on the coordinate system.
Step (3.4): as shown in fig. 5, the plotted point diagram is subjected to linear correlation analysis by using a correlation analysis function of the data analysis software to obtain a linear correlation straight line, and the determination principle of the linear correlation straight line is as follows: ensure most points are located on the linear correlation straight line or ensure that the points can be uniformly distributed on two sides of the linear correlation straight line.
After a determined linear correlation straight line is obtained, two points are randomly selected on the linear correlation straight line, and coordinates of the two points are read, so that daily average rainfall is determined
Buried depth or elevation of mean diving water level
The equation of the linear correlation straight line is obtained and expressed as Y ═ aX + b, wherein Y represents the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
X represents the daily average rainfall
a and b are constants;
in this embodiment, the correlation between the burial depth of the diving space and the rainfall is analyzed according to the information in the administrative district where the actual polluted site is located, and the equation of the linear correlation straight line is obtained, where Y is-0.0023X + 1.6376.
Step (3.5): calculating a correlation coefficient R of the linear correlation linear equation to verify whether the linear correlation linear equation is established:
if R is less than 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is not established, and the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
Average daily rainfall
The relationship is nonlinear, and can be considered according to nonlinear correlation;
if R is more than or equal to 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is established, and the next step is continued;
the calculation method of the correlation coefficient R comprises the following steps:
(a) defining residual errors ei＝yi-fiWherein, yiPoints actually drawn on the dot diagram; f. ofiIs given asiPoints corresponding to the abscissa of (a) and lying on a linearly related straight line;
(b) computing residual sum of squares SSresThe calculation formula is as follows:
(c) defining mean observations
Wherein, yiPoints actually drawn on the dot diagram; n is the number of points actually drawn on the point diagram;
(d) calculating the sum of squarestotThe calculation formula is
(e) Calculating a decision coefficient R2The calculation formula is as follows:
(f) the correlation coefficient R is obtained by calculation according to the formula
In this embodiment, the determination coefficient R2 of the linear correlation straight line whose equation is-0.0023X +1.6376 is 0.6165, and the correlation coefficient
As can be seen from the linear correlation equation, the negative slope of the equation indicates a negative "correlation" between the submergence depth and the rainfall, which is consistent with the fact that rainfall infiltrates into the groundwater to replenish the groundwater, causing the submergence to rise, and the submergence depth is correspondingly reduced, thereby achieving a reduction between the submergence depth and the rainfallThere is a negative "correlation". The correlation coefficient R is 0.79 and is in the interval of 0.5,0.8]In (1), the fact that the burial depth of the diving ground is in a remarkably linear negative correlation with rainfall is illustrated. The fluctuation characteristic of the diving space is consistent with the periodic variation characteristic of rainfall.
Step (3.6): and determining the diving water level buried depth or elevation of the target analysis area by using the linear correlation linear equation and the rainfall data of the target analysis area so as to further analyze the diving water level fluctuation characteristics of the target analysis area.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the fluctuation of the diving space exhibits four cycles in one year, the first cycle being from the 11 months of the previous year to the 2 months of the present year; the second cycle is from 3 months to 4 months; the third cycle is from month 5 to month 8; the fourth cycle is from 9 months to 10 months. It can be seen that the first and third of the four periods are 4 months, belonging to the long period; and the second cycle and the fourth cycle are both 2 months, which are short cycles. From the analysis of the variation range of the diving positions of the four periods, the variation range of the diving positions of the third period and the fourth period is large, particularly the variation range of the third period is the largest, the two periods are in summer and autumn, belong to seasons with abundant rainwater in one year and also belong to seasons with high temperature in one year, so the rainfall infiltration supply is large, and the evaporation is also stronger.
And (4): based on the steps (1) to (3), establishing a water level geological conceptual model of the polluted site, wherein the water level geological conceptual model comprises the following steps:
a) the composition conditions of the underwater aquifer underlying water-resisting layer and the stratums above the underwater aquifer comprise ground elevation, soil property and thickness;
b) permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient of soil bodies of each stratum;
c) rainfall, evaporation capacity, surface water level elevation and depth and diving level water level elevation of a polluted site;
d) the position, the pollution age and the pollution intensity of suspected pollutants and pollution sources;
e) boundary conditions at the boundary of the pollution site are divided into a first type of boundary conditions, a second type of boundary conditions and a third type of boundary conditions; the first type of boundary condition is a given head boundary, the second type of boundary condition is a given flow boundary, the third type of boundary condition is a mixed boundary, and the mixed boundary is a combination of the first type of boundary condition and the second type of boundary condition.
In this embodiment, the west side of the contaminated site is a river, which is considered as a third type of boundary condition; a diving place long-term monitoring well is arranged on the east side of the polluted site, and the east side boundary is taken into consideration as a first type of boundary condition according to water level monitoring data of the monitoring well; the ground water flow direction of the site is mainly east-west direction, therefore, the boundary of the north and south of the site is considered as the second type of boundary condition.
And (5): digitizing the hydrogeological conceptual model established in the step (4), wherein a mathematical expression equation is as follows:
C(x,y,z,0)＝C0(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Ω
C(x,y,z,t)＝C(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Γ1t＞0
in the formula:
c is the dissolved concentration of the contaminated site soil, ML-3；
qiDarcy velocity, LT, for contaminated site soil-1；
DijDiffusion coefficient tensor for soil body of polluted site, L2T-1；
qsFlow rate per unit volume aquifer of source/sink, T-1Source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through the sink;
Csas concentration of source/sink, ML-3Source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through the sink;
l1as reaction rate constant of the dissolved phase, T-1；
l2As reaction rate constant of the adsorption phase, T-1；
Theta is the porosity of the soil body of the polluted site;
θwthe water content of soil bodies in polluted fields;
ρbvolume density of pore media, ML, for contaminated site soil-3；
R is a delay factor of a soil body of a polluted site;
C0(x, y, z) is the known concentration condition of the soil body of the polluted site;
omega is the range of the hydrogeological conceptual model;
c (x, y, z) represents a given concentration of the contaminated site soil;
fi(x, y, z) represents a diffusion flux function orthogonal to the boundary Γ 2;
gi(x, y, z) is a known function representing the total flux orthogonal to Γ 3.
And (6): calculating and solving the mathematical expression equation in the step (5) by using numerical simulation software, wherein the numerical simulation software comprises but is not limited to GMS, FEFLOW, TOUGH2, HYDROUS and COMSOL, and calculating and solving to obtain the current pollutant concentration C in the polluted sitePThe method comprises the following steps: (a) contaminantsThe horizontal distribution characteristics of the pollutants comprise pollutant concentrations at different positions in the horizontal direction; (b) the pollutant vertical distribution characteristic comprises pollutant concentrations at different depths in the vertical direction.
And (7): according to the step (6), the pollutant concentrations C of different positions and different depths obtained by calculation and solution are obtainedPThe pollutant concentration grades are divided according to the following rules:
a) determining the minimum pollutant concentration C of pollutants in a pollution site according to the soil environment quality and soil pollution risk control standards of different land types of ChinaminThe minimum pollutant concentration CminShould equal the screening value in the standard;
b) if Cp＞CminCalculating the pollutant concentration difference C of the polluted site for gradingj，Cj＝Cp-CminDifference of concentration of contaminant CjDividing the concentration of the pollutants into 3 pollutant concentration grade intervals from high to low, wherein the pollutant concentration grades are respectively a pollutant concentration grade I, a pollutant concentration grade II and a pollutant concentration grade III;
c) if Cp＜CminClassification of the contaminant concentration levels is not performed.
And (8): according to the pollutant concentration level determined in the step (7), during on-site investigation sampling:
a) if Cp＞CminAnd pollutants of the same pollutant concentration grade are distributed in space continuously, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in 3 pollutant concentration grades, and 3 sampling points are arranged in total;
b) if Cp＞CminAnd the pollutant space distribution of the same pollutant concentration level is discontinuous, in 3 pollutant concentration levels, sampling points are arranged at the position with the highest pollutant concentration in the pollutant space continuous distribution range, and meanwhile, sampling points are arranged at the pollutant space discontinuous distribution position, and the number of the sampling points is more than 3;
c) if Cp＜CminThen only the sampling point is placed at the location of highest contaminant concentration, for a total of 1 such sampling point.
①, for a soluble contaminant, the fluctuation of the water level causes the soluble contaminant to be brought to the topsoil layer, partially adsorbed by the topsoil layer, and when the water level is lowered, the partially adsorbed contaminant is retained in the topsoil layer, ②, for a contaminant insoluble in water, only for contaminants lighter than water (LNAPLs), the water level is raised, the LNAPLs are brought to the topsoil layer, and when the water level is lowered, the LNAPLs remain in the topsoil layer.
In the embodiment, under the influence of the fluctuation of the underground water level, the concentration of pollutants in the ① th layer of filling soil of the pollution site is in a discontinuous region with increased concentration within the range of 2m-4m away from the east side of the pollution source, the concentrations of pollutants in other regions are continuous, and the descending trend of the concentrations of the pollutants is consistent with the flowing direction of the underground water.
And (9): and sampling at intervals in the depth range of the sampling points, so that the number of samples collected at each sampling point is not less than 3.
Step (10): sending the collected sample to a laboratory for detection, and detecting the pollutant concentration C of the sampletextAnd CpAnd CminAnd (3) comparison: if Cp＞CminAnd Ctext＞CminOr Cp≤CminAnd Ctext＞CminThe sampling points need to be replenished; wherein, Cp＞CminAnd Ctext＞CminWhen the complementary sampling point is CP supplement＝CminThe position of (a); cp≤CminAnd Ctext＞CminWhen the complementary sampling point is CP supplement＝(Cp*Cmin/Ctext) The position of (a).
Claims (4)
1. A polluted site investigation method based on a groundwater level fluctuation effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): determining basic information of a polluted site, comprising: the location, range, type, suspected pollutant and pollution source, and life of pollution of the polluted site;
step (2): determining hydrogeological conditions of the polluted site, wherein the hydrogeological conditions comprise stratum distribution conditions, soil property and physical mechanical parameters, underground water level burial depth or elevation, water level elevation and depth of surface water, rainfall, evaporation capacity, permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient;
and (3): analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site, wherein the groundwater level fluctuation effect refers to the fluctuation characteristics of the diving position and comprises the period and the amplitude of the diving position fluctuation and the relation between the diving position and the soil layer;
and (4): based on the steps (1) to (3), establishing a water level geological conceptual model of the polluted site, wherein the water level geological conceptual model comprises the following steps:
a) the composition conditions of a water-resisting layer covering under the diving aquifer and the stratum above the water-resisting layer, wherein the composition conditions comprise ground elevation, soil property and thickness;
b) permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient of soil bodies of each stratum;
c) rainfall, evaporation capacity, surface water level elevation and depth and diving level water level elevation of a polluted site;
d) the position, the pollution age and the pollution intensity of suspected pollutants and pollution sources;
e) boundary conditions at the boundary of the pollution site are divided into a first type of boundary conditions, a second type of boundary conditions and a third type of boundary conditions; the first type of boundary condition is a given head boundary, the second type of boundary condition is a given flow boundary, the third type of boundary condition is a mixed boundary, and the mixed boundary is the combination of the first type of boundary condition and the second type of boundary condition;
and (5): digitizing the hydrogeological conceptual model established in the step (4), wherein a mathematical expression equation is as follows:
C(x,y,z,0)＝C0(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Ω
C(x,y,z,t)＝C(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Γ1t＞0
in the formula:
c is the dissolved concentration of the contaminated site soil, ML-3；
qiDarcy velocity, LT, for contaminated site soil-1；
DijDiffusion coefficient tensor for soil body of polluted site, L2T-1；
qsFlow rate per unit volume aquifer of source/sink, T-1The source/sink representing water entering the simulation system through the source or exiting the simulation system through the sink;
Csas concentration of source/sink, ML-3The source/sink representing water entering the simulation system through the source or exiting the simulation system through the sink;
l1as reaction rate constant of the dissolved phase, T-1；
l2To adsorbReaction rate constant of phase, T-1；
Theta is the porosity of the soil body of the polluted site;
θwthe water content of soil bodies in polluted fields;
ρbvolume density of pore media, ML, for contaminated site soil-3；
R is a delay factor of a soil body of a polluted site;
C0(x, y, z) is the known concentration condition of the soil body of the polluted site;
omega is the range of the hydrogeological conceptual model;
c (x, y, z) represents a given concentration of the contaminated site soil;
Γ 1, Γ 2, Γ 3 represent the first class of boundary conditions, the second class of boundary conditions, the third class of boundary conditions, respectively;
fi(x, y, z) represents a diffusion flux function orthogonal to the boundary Γ 2;
gi(x, y, z) is a known function representing the total flux orthogonal to Γ 3;
and (6): calculating and solving the mathematical expression equation in the step (5) by using numerical simulation software, wherein the numerical simulation software includes but is not limited to GMS, FEFLOW, TOUGH2, HYDROUS, COMSOL, and the calculation and solution result is the current pollutant concentration C in the polluted sitePThe method comprises the following steps: (a) a contaminant horizontal distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different positions in a horizontal direction; (b) a vertical distribution of contaminants feature, the vertical distribution of contaminants feature comprising a concentration of contaminants at different depths in a vertical direction;
and (7): according to the step (6), the pollutant concentrations C of different positions and different depths obtained by calculation and solution are obtainedPThe pollutant concentration grades are divided according to the following rules:
a) determining the minimum pollutant concentration C of pollutants in a pollution site according to the soil environment quality and soil pollution risk control standards of different land types of Chinamin；
b) If Cp＞CminFor calculationIn the graded polluted site pollutant concentration difference Cj，Cj＝Cp-CminDifference of concentration of contaminant CjDividing the concentration of the pollutants into 3 pollutant concentration grade intervals from high to low, wherein the pollutant concentration grades are respectively a pollutant concentration grade I, a pollutant concentration grade II and a pollutant concentration grade III;
c) if Cp＜CminThen, the classification of the pollutant concentration grade is not carried out;
and (8): according to the pollutant concentration level determined in the step (7), during on-site investigation sampling:
a) if Cp＞CminAnd pollutants of the same pollutant concentration grade are distributed in space continuously, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in 3 pollutant concentration grades, and 3 sampling points are arranged in total;
b) if Cp＞CminAnd the pollutant space distribution of the same pollutant concentration level is discontinuous, in 3 pollutant concentration levels, sampling points are arranged at the position with the highest pollutant concentration in the pollutant space continuous distribution range, and meanwhile, sampling points are arranged at the pollutant space discontinuous distribution position, and the number of the sampling points is more than 3;
c) if Cp＜CminArranging sampling points only at the position with the highest pollutant concentration, and setting 1 sampling point in total;
and (9): sampling at intervals in the depth range of the sampling points, so that the number of samples at each sampling point is not less than 3;
step (10): sending the sample to a laboratory for detection, and detecting the pollutant concentration C of the sampletextAnd CpAnd CminAnd (3) comparison: if Cp＞CminAnd Ctext＞CminOr Cp≤CminAnd Ctext＞CminThe sampling points need to be replenished; wherein, Cp＞CminAnd Ctext＞CminWhen the complementary sampling point is CP supplement＝CminThe position of (a); cp≤CminAnd Ctext＞CminWhen the complementary sampling point is CP supplement＝(Cp*Cmin/Ctext) The position of (a).
2. The method for investigating the polluted site based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect according to claim 1, wherein the analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site in the step (3) comprises the steps of:
step (3.1): collecting rainfall data and diver's seat monitoring well actual measurement data of at least one hydrological year in an administrative area where a pollution site is located, wherein the rainfall data is rainfall, and the diver's seat monitoring well actual measurement data is diving water level buried depth or elevation;
step (3.2): mean daily rainfall is expressed as
Expressing the mean daily diving water level burial depth or elevation as
Step (3.3): constructing a coordinate system, wherein the X axis of the coordinate system represents the daily average rainfall
The Y axis of the coordinate system represents the mean daily diving water level burial depth or elevation as
And collected
And
drawing a point diagram on the coordinate system;
step (3.4): performing linear correlation analysis on the plotted point diagram to obtain a linear correlation linear equationExpressed as Y ═ aX + b, where Y represents the daily mean diving water level burial depth or elevation
X represents the daily average rainfall
a and b are constants;
step (3.5): calculating a correlation coefficient R of the linear correlation linear equation to verify whether the linear correlation linear equation is established, if R is less than 0.5, indicating that the linear correlation linear equation is not established and the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
Average daily rainfall
The relationship between the two is nonlinear; if R is more than or equal to 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is established, and the next step is carried out;
step (3.6): and determining the diving water level buried depth or elevation of the polluted site by utilizing the linear correlation linear equation and the rainfall data of the polluted site so as to further analyze the diving level fluctuation characteristics of the polluted site.
3. The method for investigating the polluted site based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (3.4), the method for obtaining the linear correlation linear equation comprises: and performing linear correlation analysis on the drawn point diagram, drawing to obtain a linear correlation straight line, randomly selecting two points on the linear correlation straight line, and determining an equation of the linear correlation straight line according to coordinates of the two points.
4. The method for investigating the contaminated site based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (3.5), the correlation coefficient R is calculated by:
(1) defining residual errors ei＝yi-fiWherein, yiPoints actually drawn on the point diagram; f. ofiIs given asiAnd points corresponding to the abscissa of (a) and located on the linearly related straight line;
(2) computing residual sum of squares SSresThe calculation formula is as follows:
(3) defining mean observations
Wherein, yiPoints actually drawn on the point diagram; n is the number of points actually drawn on the point diagram;
(4) calculating the sum of squarestotThe calculation formula is
(5) Calculating a decision coefficient R2The calculation formula is as follows:
(6) the correlation coefficient R is obtained by calculation according to the formula
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