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CN110994033A - Cell structure and method of making the same - Google Patents

Cell structure and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110994033A
CN110994033A CN201911171502.XA CN201911171502A CN110994033A CN 110994033 A CN110994033 A CN 110994033A CN 201911171502 A CN201911171502 A CN 201911171502A CN 110994033 A CN110994033 A CN 110994033A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
thickness
positive electrode
electrode sheet
current collector
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Pending
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CN201911171502.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈淑青
吴月
田秀君
范佳臻
李敏
沈丽明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hunan Lingpai Energy Storage Technology Co ltd
Hunan Lingpai New Energy Research Institute Co ltd
Hunan Lingpai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Hengyang Lingpai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Hunan Lead Power Dazhi Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Shanxi Konos New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Lingpa New Energy Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Hunan Xinminya New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Sichuan Xinminya Battery Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shanxi Konos New Energy Technology Co Ltd, Lingpa New Energy Technology Shanghai Co Ltd, Hunan Xinminya New Energy Technology Co Ltd, Sichuan Xinminya Battery Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shanxi Konos New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201911171502.XA priority Critical patent/CN110994033A/en
Publication of CN110994033A publication Critical patent/CN110994033A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • H01M4/742—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal perforated material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a battery cell structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The cell structure includes: the single-layer positive plate comprises a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, positive slurry can be embedded into pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the single-layer positive plate is 2-100 mm; the single-layer negative plate is made of foam carbon, and the thickness of the single-layer negative plate is 1-50 mm; and the ceramic diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate, and the thickness of the ceramic diaphragm is 0.05-0.5 mm. This kind of individual layer positive plate, diaphragm, individual layer negative pole piece structure can simplify electric core production technology and control element, and then improves electric core production efficiency, and reduction in production cost uses the individual layer positive plate of tribit porous metal preparation, and the individual layer negative pole piece of foam carbon preparation and the ceramic diaphragm of millimeter level thickness can improve electric core monomer capacity, improves electric core security performance, reduces electric core self discharge.

Description

Battery cell structure and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a battery cell structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the fields of portable electronic products and electric vehicles because of their advantages of high energy density, high power density, long cycle life, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate, wide working temperature range, safety, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc.
In recent years, with the ever-increasing market for portable electronic products and electric vehicles, lithium ion batteries, which are light in weight, small in size, and higher in capacity and energy density, are increasingly demanded in the market for obtaining longer standby time or driving mileage.
When the lithium ion battery cell is used in the field of electric vehicles or energy storage, dozens of or even thousands of battery cells are generally needed to be assembled into a set of system, and in order to ensure the performances of the electric quantity, the service life and the like of the battery system, the assembled battery cells are required to have high consistency. The traditional lithium ion battery cell is formed by winding or laminating a plurality of layers of positive and negative thin layers, the production process is complex, dozens of key control points of the process are provided, and the requirements on the production process and production equipment of the battery cell are extremely high.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new lithium ion battery cell structure, optimize the performance of the battery cell, improve the production efficiency of the battery cell, and reduce the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a battery cell structure and a manufacturing method thereof, which can optimize battery cell performance, improve battery cell production efficiency and reduce production cost.
One aspect of the present application provides a cell structure, including: the single-layer positive plate comprises a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, positive slurry can be embedded into pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the single-layer positive plate is 2-100 mm; the single-layer negative plate is made of foam carbon, and the thickness of the single-layer negative plate is 1-50 mm; and the ceramic diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate, and the thickness of the ceramic diaphragm is 0.05-0.5 mm.
In some embodiments of the present application, the three-dimensional porous metal is aluminum foam with a porosity of 50% to 90%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a porosity of 50% to 90%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 microns.
In some embodiments of the present application, the single-layer positive electrode sheet has a porosity of 10% to 40%.
Another aspect of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a cell structure, including: manufacturing a single-layer positive plate, wherein the single-layer positive plate comprises a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, positive slurry can be embedded into pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the positive plate is 2-100 mm; embedding positive electrode slurry into pores of the metal current collector; performing inert treatment on the surface of the active part of the carbon foam to form a single-layer negative plate, wherein the thickness of the single-layer negative plate is 1-50 mm; and assembling the single-layer positive plate, the single-layer negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm into a battery cell, wherein the diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate, and the thickness of the diaphragm is 0.05-0.5 mm.
In some embodiments of the present application, the method of making further comprises: and carrying out copper plating treatment on the negative electrode lug part on the foam carbon to improve the weldability.
In some embodiments of the present application, the method of embedding the positive electrode slurry into the pores of the metal current collector is a soaking slip process.
In some embodiments of the present application, the inert treatment comprises surface coating.
In some embodiments of the present application, the three-dimensional porous metal is aluminum foam with a porosity of 50% to 90%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a porosity of 50% to 90%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 microns.
In some embodiments of the present application, the single-layer positive electrode sheet has a porosity of 10% to 40%.
The application provides a pair of electricity core structure and preparation method thereof uses individual layer positive plate, diaphragm, individual layer negative plate structure, can simplify electric core production technology and control element, and then improves electric core production efficiency, reduction in production cost, uses the individual layer positive plate of tribit porous metal preparation, and the individual layer negative plate of foam carbon preparation and the ceramic diaphragm of millimeter level thickness can improve electric core monomer capacity, improves electric core security performance, reduces electric core self discharge.
Drawings
The following drawings describe in detail exemplary embodiments disclosed in the present application. Wherein like reference numerals represent similar structures throughout the several views of the drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the present embodiments are non-limiting, exemplary embodiments and that the accompanying drawings are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, as other embodiments may equally fulfill the inventive intent of the present application. It should be understood that the drawings are not to scale. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the present disclosure, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various local modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the claims.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
An embodiment of the present application provides a cell structure, as shown in fig. 1, the cell structure includes: the single-layer positive plate 110 comprises a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, positive slurry can be embedded into pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the single-layer positive plate 110 is 2-100 mm; the single-layer negative electrode sheet 130 is made of foam carbon, and the thickness of the single-layer negative electrode sheet 130 is 1-50 mm; and the ceramic diaphragm 120 is positioned between the single-layer positive plate 110 and the single-layer negative plate 130, and has a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm.
The traditional battery core is formed by winding or laminating a plurality of layers of positive plates and negative plates with the thickness level of microns, the production process is complex, dozens of key control points of the process exist, and the requirements on the production process and the production equipment of the battery core are extremely high. And this application embodiment the electricity core structure only includes the positive plate of one deck millimeter rank and the negative plate of one deck millimeter rank, separate by the ceramic diaphragm of one deck millimeter rank between positive plate and the negative plate, this kind of individual layer electricity core structure not only simple process, also can improve electric core security and monomer capacity simultaneously.
Referring to fig. 1, the single-layer positive electrode sheet 110 uses a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, the positive electrode slurry is filled in pores of the metal current collector, and the positive electrode can adsorb electrolyte through capillary action. Because the positive active material is filled in the current collector, compared with the conventional positive plate in which the positive active material is coated on the surface of the current collector, the route of an electronic channel can be reduced, the polarization of a charge-discharge process caused by an ultra-thick electrode is avoided, and the power characteristic of a battery core is ensured. Meanwhile, the heat generated in the charge and discharge process of the positive active material can be taken away by the metal due to the heat conductivity of the metal, so that the temperature rise in the battery cell is reduced.
In some embodiments of the present application, the three-dimensional porous metal is aluminum foam with a porosity of 50% to 90%. Porosity is the proportion of the apparent volume of the particulate material to the total volume of the material within the pores. In some embodiments of the present application, the porosity should be as high as possible to accommodate more positive active material and increase battery capacity while ensuring that the physical strength of the metal current collector is sufficient.
In some embodiments of the present application, the aluminum foam has a thickness of 2 to 100 millimeters. The thickness of the foamed aluminum can be designed according to the required thickness of the cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode slurry has a viscosity of 5000-. The viscosity of the positive electrode slurry cannot be too high, otherwise the positive electrode slurry is difficult to fill in the pores of the metal current collector; the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry cannot be too low, or it easily flows out of the pores of the metal current collector. The positive electrode slurry is prepared by a conventional method, and is not described in detail herein.
In some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode slurry includes a positive electrode active material such as, for example, lithium iron phosphate or lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.
In some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode paste may further include auxiliary materials such as a solvent, a binder, and a conductive agent.
In some embodiments of the present application, the porosity of the single-layer positive electrode sheet 110 is 10% to 40%. The single-layer positive plate 110 is obtained by filling the metal current collector with positive slurry, and the porosity of the single-layer positive plate 110 cannot be too low, otherwise, the capacity of the single-layer positive plate 110 for adsorbing electrolyte is reduced, and the porosity of the single-layer positive plate 110 cannot be too high, otherwise, the proportion of the positive active material in the single-layer positive plate 110 is reduced.
In some embodiments of the present application, a ceramic coating or an aramid coating may be further coated on the surface of the single-layer positive electrode sheet 110 by using a gravure coating technology, wherein the thickness of the coating is 2-3um, so as to improve the high temperature resistance and safety of the electric core.
With reference to fig. 1, in the single-layer negative electrode sheet 130 of the embodiment of the present application, the inert-treated carbon foam is used, and compared with the conventional negative electrode sheet surface coated with the negative electrode slurry, the preparation of the negative electrode slurry is not required, so that the production process is simplified, and on the other hand, compared with the conventional negative electrode in which lithium ions are embedded between the multiple layers of negative electrode sheets, the micropores on the carbon foam can directly adsorb the lithium ions, thereby improving the first charge-discharge efficiency of the battery cell.
And the surface of the active part of the foam carbon is subjected to inert treatment, so that lithium dendrite can be prevented from being separated out on the surface of the foam carbon in the charging process of the battery cell.
The foam carbon has the characteristics of small density, high strength, easy processing and the like, and good physical and chemical properties of electric conduction, heat conduction and the like, and is very suitable for being used as an electrode material.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a porosity of 50% to 90%. In some embodiments of the present application, the porosity should be as high as possible to accommodate more lithium ions and increase battery capacity while ensuring that the carbon foam has sufficient physical strength.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a density of 0.18 to 0.9g/cm3. The lower the density of the carbon foam, the lighter the cell weight for the same size.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 microns and an average pore diameter of 0.5 to 2 microns. The diameter of the micropores is related to the reversibility of lithium metal in the charging and discharging process, and the diameter of the micropores which is too small is not beneficial to ensuring the reversibility of the charging and discharging process of deposited lithium metal, thereby causing the reduction of the cycle life.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a thickness of 1 to 50 millimeters. The thickness of the carbon foam can be designed according to the required thickness of the cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the position of the negative electrode tab reserved on the carbon foam is plated with copper so as to weld the negative electrode tab.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic diaphragm 120 has a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm. The thickness of the ceramic membrane 120 may be designed according to the desired cell thickness. The ceramic diaphragm 120 has high mechanical strength, can effectively prevent short circuit inside the pole piece, and reduces self-discharge of the battery cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic membrane 120 includes a microporous structure, the pore size of the micropores is between 10 nm and 100nm, the surface of the ceramic membrane 120 is further subjected to a glue coating process, the thickness of the glue layer is 2-3um, the glue layer is mainly water-based PVDF, and the porosity of the ceramic membrane 120 is between 40% and 60%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic diaphragm 120 may be designed with a self-closed hole pattern for avoiding cell short circuit at high temperature.
The application provides a pair of electricity core structure adopts individual layer positive plate, diaphragm, individual layer negative plate structure, can simplify electric core production technology and control element, and then improves electric core production efficiency, and reduction in production cost uses the individual layer positive plate of tribit porous metal preparation, and the individual layer negative plate of foam carbon preparation and the ceramic diaphragm of millimeter level thickness can improve electric core monomer capacity, improves electric core security performance, reduces electric core self discharge.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell structure, including: manufacturing a single-layer positive plate, wherein the single-layer positive plate comprises a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, positive slurry can be embedded into pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the positive plate is 2-100 mm; embedding positive electrode slurry into pores of the metal current collector; performing inert treatment on the surface of the active part of the carbon foam to form a single-layer negative plate, wherein the thickness of the single-layer negative plate is 1-50 mm; and assembling the single-layer positive plate, the single-layer negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm into a battery cell, wherein the diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate, and the thickness of the diaphragm is 0.05-0.5 mm.
The single-layer positive plate uses a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, the positive slurry is filled in the pores of the metal current collector, and the positive electrode can adsorb electrolyte through capillary action. Because the positive active material is filled in the current collector, compared with the conventional positive plate in which the positive active material is coated on the surface of the current collector, the route of an electronic channel can be reduced, the polarization of a charge-discharge process caused by an ultra-thick electrode is avoided, and the power characteristic of a battery core is ensured. Meanwhile, the heat generated in the charge and discharge process of the positive active material can be taken away by the metal due to the heat conductivity of the metal, so that the temperature rise in the battery cell is reduced.
In some embodiments of the present application, the three-dimensional porous metal is aluminum foam with a porosity of 50% to 90%. Porosity is the proportion of the apparent volume of the particulate material to the total volume of the material within the pores. In some embodiments of the present application, the porosity should be as high as possible to accommodate more positive active material and increase battery capacity while ensuring that the physical strength of the metal current collector is sufficient.
In some embodiments of the present application, the aluminum foam has a thickness of 2 to 100 millimeters. The thickness of the foamed aluminum can be designed according to the required thickness of the cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, after selecting a suitable metal current collector material, a cutting die may be further used to cut the metal current collector material to a desired size.
In some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode slurry has a viscosity of 5000-. The viscosity of the positive electrode slurry cannot be too high, otherwise the positive electrode slurry is difficult to fill in the pores of the metal current collector; the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry cannot be too low, or it easily flows out of the pores of the metal current collector. The positive electrode slurry is prepared by a conventional method, and is not described in detail herein.
In some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode slurry includes a positive electrode active material such as, for example, lithium iron phosphate or lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.
In some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode paste may further include auxiliary materials such as a solvent, a binder, and a conductive agent.
In some embodiments of the present application, the method of embedding the positive electrode slurry into the pores of the metal current collector is a soaking slip process. Specifically, the metal current collector is immersed in the positive electrode slurry, and the positive electrode slurry is taken out after being embedded into the pores of the metal current collector. Compared with the process of coating the positive slurry on the surface of the current collector in the conventional positive plate, the soaking and slurry hanging process is simpler and is easy to implement.
In some embodiments of the present application, the metal current collector is immersed in the positive electrode slurry for a time of 5 to 30 minutes.
In some embodiments of the present application, to ensure that the inside of the metal current collector is filled with the positive electrode slurry, the immersion of the metal current collector into the positive electrode slurry may be repeated 3 to 5 times.
It should be noted that, the current collector structure needs to be ensured not to deform in the soaking and slurry hanging process, and the phenomenon that the size of the slurry hanging back pole plate is different from the design size due to the deformation of the current collector is prevented.
In some embodiments of the present application, cold/hot press shaping may also be performed on the positive current collector after filling the positive slurry to achieve the target thickness and meet the design porosity.
In some embodiments of the present application, the single-layer positive electrode sheet has a porosity of 10% to 40%. The single-layer positive plate is obtained by filling the metal current collector with positive slurry, the porosity of the single-layer positive plate cannot be too low, otherwise, the capacity of the single-layer positive plate for adsorbing electrolyte can be reduced, the porosity of the single-layer positive plate cannot be too high, and otherwise, the occupation ratio of the positive active material in the single-layer positive plate can be reduced.
In some embodiments of the present application, a ceramic coating or an aramid coating may be further coated on the surface of the single-layer positive plate by using a gravure coating technology, and the coating thickness is 2-3um, so as to improve the high temperature resistance and safety of the electric core.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a porosity of 50% to 90%. In some embodiments of the present application, the porosity should be as high as possible to accommodate more lithium ions and increase battery capacity while ensuring that the carbon foam has sufficient physical strength.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a density of 0.18 to 0.9g/cm3. The lower the density of the carbon foam, the lighter the cell weight for the same size.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 microns and an average pore diameter of 0.5 to 2 microns. The diameter of the micropores is related to the reversibility of lithium metal in the charging and discharging process, and the diameter of the micropores which is too small is not beneficial to ensuring the reversibility of the charging and discharging process of deposited lithium metal, thereby causing the reduction of the cycle life.
In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon foam has a thickness of 1 to 50 millimeters. The thickness of the carbon foam can be designed according to the required thickness of the cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the inert treatment comprises surface coating. Specifically, a ceramic coating or an aramid coating is mainly coated by using a gravure coating technology, and the thickness of the coating is 2-3 um. And the surface of the active part of the foam carbon is subjected to inert treatment, so that lithium dendrite can be prevented from being separated out on the surface of the foam carbon in the charging process of the battery cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the method of making further comprises: and carrying out copper plating treatment on the negative electrode lug part on the foam carbon to improve the weldability.
The single-layer negative plate is directly made of the foam carbon subjected to inert treatment, and compared with the conventional negative plate coated with the negative slurry on the surface, the single-layer negative plate does not need to prepare the negative slurry, so that the production process is simplified. The foam carbon has the characteristics of small density, high strength, easy processing and the like, and good physical and chemical properties of electric conduction, heat conduction and the like, and is very suitable for being used as an electrode material.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic membrane has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 millimeters. The thickness of the ceramic separator may be designed according to a desired cell thickness. The ceramic diaphragm has high mechanical strength, can effectively prevent the short circuit in the pole piece and reduce the self-discharge of the battery cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic diaphragm comprises a microporous structure, the pore size of the micropores is between 10 nm and 100nm, the surface of the ceramic diaphragm is further subjected to gluing treatment, the thickness of the glue layer is 2-3um, the glue layer is mainly water system PVDF, and the porosity of the ceramic diaphragm is between 40% and 60%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic diaphragm may be designed with a self-closing hole pattern for avoiding cell short circuit at higher temperatures.
The application provides a pair of electricity core structure preparation method uses individual layer positive plate, diaphragm, individual layer negative plate structure, can simplify electric core production technology and control element, and then improves electric core production efficiency, reduction in production cost, uses the individual layer positive plate of tribit porous metal preparation, and the individual layer negative plate of foam carbon preparation and the ceramic diaphragm of millimeter level thickness can improve electric core monomer capacity, improves electric core security performance, reduces electric core self discharge.
Exemplary embodiment 1
Selecting foamed aluminum as a positive current collector, wherein the porosity is 65%, the mean value of pore diameters is 2 microns, the thickness is 34 mm, the width is 140 mm, and the height is 78 mm; immersing the current collector into anode slurry with the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate of 96.5% for 3 times, wherein each time is 30 seconds, the current collector is ensured to be filled with anode active substances, and the weight of the anode active substances is 519 g; and carrying out hot/cold pressing shaping on the current collector filled with the positive active material to obtain a single-layer positive plate, wherein the thickness of the single-layer positive plate is 30.35 mm.
The porosity of the material is 80%, and the density is 0.36g/cm3The carbon foam is used as a single-layer negative plate, the thickness of the carbon foam is 5.5 mm, and the width of the carbon foam is 142Mm, height of 80 mm, average diameter of 0.5 μm, and volume of 50cm3(ii) a Performing inert treatment on the surface of the foam carbon; and plating copper on the single-layer negative plate electrode lug to improve the weldability of the single-layer negative plate electrode lug. Wherein the volume of the anode micropore is 50cm3The volume of lithium metal inserted into the battery cell after charging is 40cm3The anode micropore volume excess was designed to be 1.28.
And assembling the single-layer positive plate, the single-layer negative plate and a ceramic diaphragm with the thickness of 0.15 mm into a battery cell, wherein the diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate.
Exemplary embodiment 2
Selecting foamed aluminum as a positive current collector, wherein the porosity is 75%, the mean value of pore diameters is 2 microns, the thickness is 32 millimeters, the width is 140 millimeters, and the height is 78 millimeters; soaking the current collector in anode slurry with the mass ratio of nickel cobalt lithium manganate of 96.5% for 4 times, wherein each time is 25 seconds, and ensuring that the interior of the current collector is filled with anode active substances; and carrying out hot/cold pressing shaping on the current collector filled with the positive active material to obtain the single-layer positive plate.
The porosity was selected to be 75% and the density 0.4g/cm3The carbon foam is used as a single-layer negative plate, the thickness of the carbon foam is 6 mm, the width of the carbon foam is 142 mm, the height of the carbon foam is 80 mm, and the average value of the diameters of micropores is 1 micron; performing inert treatment on the surface of the foam carbon; and plating copper on the single-layer negative plate electrode lug to improve the weldability of the single-layer negative plate electrode lug.
And assembling the single-layer positive plate, the single-layer negative plate and a ceramic diaphragm with the thickness of 0.2 mm into a battery cell, wherein the diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate.
Exemplary embodiment 3
Selecting foamed aluminum as a positive current collector, wherein the porosity is 85%, the mean value of pore diameters is 2 microns, the thickness is 30 mm, the width is 140 mm, and the height is 78 mm; soaking the current collector into anode slurry with the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate of 95.5% for 5 times, wherein each time is 20 seconds, and ensuring that the interior of the current collector is filled with anode active substances; and carrying out hot/cold pressing shaping on the current collector filled with the positive active material to obtain the single-layer positive plate.
The porosity was selected to be 70% and the density 0.44g/cm3The carbon foam is used as a single-layer negative plate, the thickness of the carbon foam is 8 mm, the width of the carbon foam is 142 mm, the height of the carbon foam is 80 mm, and the average value of the diameters of micropores is 1.5 micrometers; performing inert treatment on the surface of the foam carbon; and plating copper on the single-layer negative plate electrode lug to improve the weldability of the single-layer negative plate electrode lug.
And assembling the single-layer positive plate, the single-layer negative plate and a ceramic diaphragm with the thickness of 0.4 mm into a battery cell, wherein the diaphragm is positioned between the single-layer positive plate and the single-layer negative plate.
The inventors of the present application also performed experiments to compare the performance parameters of the cell structure described in the examples of the present application with those of a conventional cell structure.
Experimental group
Experimental group tests used the cells described in example embodiment 1 of the present application. Because a negative electrode active substance is not used, the first discharging coulombic efficiency of the battery cell is similar to that of lithium iron phosphate, the capacity of 1C gram of the positive electrode is about 155mAh/g (2.0-3.65V), and the discharging average voltage of the battery cell is about 3.25V. According to the parameters, the discharge capacity (2.0-3.65V) of the battery cell 1C is calculated to be 80.56Ah, the electric quantity is about 0.262kWh, and the volumetric energy density is 498 Wh/L.
Control group
The control group test uses cells made by a conventional winding process under the condition of adopting the same positive electrode system or formula and structure size. The 1C discharge capacity (2.0-3.65V) of the battery core is 61.3Ah, the electric quantity is 0.196Wh, and the volume energy density is 373 Wh/L.
As can be seen from comparison of data of the experimental group and the control group, the electrochemical performance of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application is better than that of the battery cell manufactured by using the conventional winding process, wherein the volumetric energy density of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application is 33% higher than that of the battery cell manufactured by using the conventional winding process.
The application provides a pair of electricity core structure and preparation method thereof uses individual layer positive plate, diaphragm, individual layer negative plate structure, can simplify electric core production technology and control element on the one hand, and then improves electric core production efficiency, reduction in production cost, and on the other hand uses the individual layer positive plate of tribit porous metal preparation, and the individual layer negative plate of foam carbon preparation and the ceramic diaphragm of millimeter level thickness can improve electric core monomer capacity, improve electric core security performance, reduce electric core self discharge.
In conclusion, upon reading the present detailed disclosure, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing detailed disclosure can be presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present application is intended to cover various reasonable variations, adaptations, and modifications of the embodiments described herein, although not explicitly described herein. Such alterations, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested by this disclosure, and are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
It is to be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be further understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first element in some embodiments may be termed a second element in other embodiments without departing from the teachings of the present invention. The same reference numerals or the same reference identifiers denote the same elements throughout the specification.

Claims (11)

1.一种电芯结构，其特征在于，包括：1. A cell structure, characterized in that, comprising: 单层正极片，所述单层正极片包括三维多孔金属集流体，正极浆料可嵌入所述金属集流体的孔隙内，所述单层正极片的厚度为2-100毫米；A single-layer positive electrode sheet, the single-layer positive electrode sheet includes a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, the positive electrode slurry can be embedded in the pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the single-layer positive electrode sheet is 2-100 mm; 单层负极片，所述单层负极片材料包括泡沫炭，所述单层负极片的厚度为1-50毫米；A single-layer negative electrode sheet, the material of the single-layer negative electrode sheet includes foam carbon, and the thickness of the single-layer negative electrode sheet is 1-50 mm; 陶瓷隔膜，位于所述单层正极片和所述单层负极片之间，厚度为0.05-0.5毫米。The ceramic separator is located between the single-layer positive electrode sheet and the single-layer negative electrode sheet, and has a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm. 2.如权利要求1所述电芯结构，其特征在于，所述三维多孔金属为泡沫铝，孔隙率为50％-90％。2 . The cell structure according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional porous metal is foamed aluminum, and the porosity is 50%-90%. 3 . 3.如权利要求1所述电芯结构，其特征在于，所述泡沫炭的孔隙率为50％-90％，所述泡沫炭的微孔直径为0.01-10微米。3 . The cell structure according to claim 1 , wherein the porosity of the carbon foam is 50%-90%, and the diameter of the pores of the carbon foam is 0.01-10 microns. 4 . 4.如权利要求1所述电芯结构，其特征在于，所述单层正极片的孔隙率为10％-40％。4 . The cell structure according to claim 1 , wherein the porosity of the single-layer positive electrode sheet is 10%-40%. 5 . 5.一种电芯结构的制作方法，其特征在于，包括：5. A method for making a cell structure, comprising: 制作单层正极片，其中所述单层正极片包括三维多孔金属集流体，正极浆料可嵌入所述金属集流体的孔隙内，所述单层正极片的厚度为2-100毫米；Making a single-layer positive electrode sheet, wherein the single-layer positive electrode sheet includes a three-dimensional porous metal current collector, the positive electrode slurry can be embedded in the pores of the metal current collector, and the thickness of the single-layer positive electrode sheet is 2-100 mm; 将正极浆料嵌入所述金属集流体的孔隙内；embedding the positive electrode slurry in the pores of the metal current collector; 对泡沫炭活性部位表面进行惰性处理成为单层负极片，所述单层负极片的厚度为1-50毫米；The surface of the active part of the foamed carbon is inertly treated to form a single-layer negative electrode sheet, and the thickness of the single-layer negative electrode sheet is 1-50 mm; 将所述单层正极片、所述单层负极片和陶瓷隔膜组装成电芯，其中所述隔膜位于所述单层正极片和所述单层负极片之间，厚度为0.05-0.5毫米。The single-layer positive electrode sheet, the single-layer negative electrode sheet and the ceramic separator are assembled into a battery core, wherein the separator is located between the single-layer positive electrode sheet and the single-layer negative electrode sheet, and has a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm. 6.如权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，还包括：在所述泡沫炭上的负极耳部位进行镀铜处理以增加焊接性。6 . The manufacturing method according to claim 5 , further comprising: performing copper plating on the negative electrode ears on the carbon foam to increase weldability. 7 . 7.如权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述将正极浆料嵌入所述金属集流体的孔隙的方法为浸泡挂浆工艺。7 . The manufacturing method according to claim 5 , wherein the method of embedding the positive electrode slurry into the pores of the metal current collector is a dipping process. 8 . 8.如权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述惰性处理包括表面涂敷。8. The method of claim 5, wherein the inert treatment comprises surface coating. 9.如权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述三维多孔金属为泡沫铝，孔隙率为50％-90％。9 . The manufacturing method according to claim 5 , wherein the three-dimensional porous metal is foamed aluminum, and the porosity is 50%-90%. 10 . 10.如权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述泡沫炭的孔隙率为50％-90％，微孔直径为0.01-10微米。10 . The manufacturing method according to claim 5 , wherein the porosity of the foamed carbon is 50%-90%, and the diameter of the micropores is 0.01-10 microns. 11 . 11.如权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述单层正极片的孔隙率为10％-40％。11. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the porosity of the single-layer positive electrode sheet is 10%-40%.
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