CN110986819A - Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种法珀腔型光纤曲率传感探头及其制作方法。以克服现有法布里‑珀罗传感器进行弯曲曲率的测量时信号强度随弯曲衰减以及波长漂移上的非线性的问题。本发明采用的技术方案由第一单模光纤、单模光纤裸纤、第二单模光纤和石英毛细管组成，第一单模光纤的一个端部为裸纤段且端面斜切角度为8°，第二单模光纤的一个端部为裸纤段且端面斜切角度为8°，单模光纤裸纤固定设置于石英毛细管的中部，两端分别与第一单模光纤、第二单模光纤的裸纤段的端部在石英毛细管中相接设置,第一单模光纤和第二单模光纤固定穿设于石英毛细管的两端，然后采用一定的制作方法制备而成。
The invention relates to a Faber cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe and a manufacturing method thereof. In order to overcome the nonlinear problems of signal intensity attenuation with bending and wavelength drift when the existing Fabry-Perot sensor measures bending curvature. The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is composed of a first single-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber bare fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a quartz capillary, one end of the first single-mode optical fiber is a bare fiber segment, and the end face bevel angle is 8° , one end of the second single-mode fiber is a bare fiber segment and the end face chamfer angle is 8°, the bare fiber of the single-mode fiber is fixed in the middle of the silica capillary, and the two ends are respectively connected to the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber. The ends of the bare fiber segments of the optical fiber are connected and arranged in the quartz capillary, and the first single-mode optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber are fixedly penetrated at both ends of the quartz capillary, and then prepared by a certain manufacturing method.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber curvature sensing technology, and specifically relates to a Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background art:
in the engineering technical fields of bridge, track, building and aircraft structure health monitoring, robot position and attitude sensing, intelligent material internal deformation measurement and the like, the curvature is a very important physical parameter. The traditional sensing technology for measuring the curvature mainly adopts a piezoresistive or piezoelectric electronic strain gauge, has low cost and flexible use, cannot measure large bending deformation, and has limited use temperature. The optical fiber curvature sensor has a large curvature measurement range and has the unique advantages of miniaturization, high sensitivity, high temperature resistance, high precision, high response speed, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, so that the optical fiber curvature sensor is widely regarded by academia and industry.
The optical fiber curvature sensor can be classified into a light intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor, a phase modulation type optical fiber sensor, a frequency modulation type optical fiber sensor, and the like according to a demodulation method. The light intensity modulation type optical fiber curvature sensor mainly utilizes light loss generated when an optical fiber is bent to realize sensing measurement of curvature. The light intensity modulation type optical fiber curvature sensor has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost, but has the problems of light intensity drift, output nonlinearity and low measurement accuracy. The phase modulation type optical fiber sensor mostly adopts a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure composed of a core mode and a cladding mode of a multimode optical fiber or a single mode optical fiber. The method is characterized in that the difference of the influence of curvature on the effective refractive index of different propagation modes when a multimode or single-mode optical fiber is bent is utilized, the optical paths of different modes passing through the optical fiber are changed along with the curvature, so that the phase change of interference signals is caused, and the curvature sensing is realized by utilizing the functional relation between the phase change and the curvature of the optical fiber. The phase modulation type optical fiber curvature sensor is characterized by high resolution and precision, but complex system, high cost and relatively narrow measurable range. The frequency modulation type optical fiber curvature sensor mainly adopts the Bragg optical fiber grating and the long-period optical fiber grating, has sensitive bending characteristics, can simultaneously realize the measurement of bending curvature and direction through the combined action of a plurality of optical fiber gratings in an experiment, is easily influenced by temperature, has a complex system, needs excellent spectral analysis equipment and the like.
In 2016, the photosonic sensors/Vol.6, No.4,2016:339-344 "Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Curvature Sensing" by Catarina S.MONTEIRO et al proposed an optical Fiber Curvature sensor based on an air gap FP cavity, which is simple in structure and low in cost, but when bending measurement is performed, the end faces of the Fabry-Perot cavity are no longer parallel, and a part of the reflected optical signal is radiated to the cladding, which leads to power instability during the Curvature measurement process and nonlinearity between the Curvature measurement and the wavelength offset, so that the Curvature measurement range is limited.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor for curvature measurement and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of signal intensity attenuation along with bending and nonlinearity on wavelength drift when the conventional Fabry-Perot sensor is used for measuring the bending curvature.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe, by first single mode fiber, the bare fibre of single mode fiber, second single mode fiber and quartz capillary are constituteed, an tip of first single mode fiber is bare fine section and terminal surface angle of miscut angle is 8, an tip of second single mode fiber is bare fine section and terminal surface angle of miscut angle is 8, the bare fibre of single mode fiber is fixed to be set up in quartz capillary's middle part, both ends meet the setting in quartz capillary with first single mode fiber, the tip of the bare fine section of second single mode fiber respectively, first single mode fiber and the fixed both ends of wearing to locate quartz capillary of second single mode fiber.
The preparation method of the Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe comprises the following steps:
step 1: stripping a coating layer of a common single-mode optical fiber with a certain length to form a bare fiber section, cleaning, cutting off the end part, forming a flat end surface vertical to the fiber core, and preparing the bare fiber of the single-mode optical fiber for later use;
step 2: under a microscope, coating a trace amount of ultraviolet glue on a side surface cladding of the bare single-mode optical fiber, placing the bare single-mode optical fiber into the middle of a quartz capillary, and curing the ultraviolet glue by using an ultraviolet irradiation lamp to fix the bare single-mode optical fiber;
and step 3: removing a coating layer from two end parts of a common single-mode fiber, cleaning, beveling an end face at one end by using a fiber cutter at 8 degrees and smoothly cutting the other end to obtain a first single-mode fiber, coating a trace amount of ultraviolet glue on a side surface cladding of the first single-mode fiber, sending a bare fiber section with the beveled end face into a quartz capillary under a microscope until the bare fiber section is contacted with one end of the bare fiber of the single-mode fiber, covering the interface of the first single-mode fiber and the quartz capillary by using the ultraviolet glue at the end part of the quartz capillary, and curing the ultraviolet glue to realize the fixation of the first single-mode fiber;
and 4, step 4: removing one section of coating layer from one end part of another section of standard single-mode optical fiber to obtain a second single-mode optical fiber, cleaning, obliquely cutting an end face by using an optical fiber cutter to form an 8-degree inclined end face, coating a small amount of ultraviolet glue on a coating layer, sending a bare fiber section into a quartz capillary under a microscope until the bare fiber section is contacted with the other end part of the bare fiber of the single-mode optical fiber, covering the interface of the second single-mode optical fiber and the quartz capillary by using the ultraviolet glue at the end part of the quartz capillary, curing the ultraviolet glue, and fixing the second single-mode optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has simple structure, small insertion loss and low cost of raw materials, thereby having low manufacturing cost.
2. The Fabry-Perot cavity of the optical fiber curvature sensor provided by the invention is formed by a small section of vertically cut single-mode optical fiber, light beams forming an interference effect are always constrained in the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber for transmission, no additional reflection loss is introduced because the end surfaces are not parallel in the bending process, the output power is stable, meanwhile, the movement of a reflection spectrum peak value in the bending process is generated by the elastic optical effect of the single-mode optical fiber caused by bending, and the wavelength offset and the curvature have a linear relation, so that the signal demodulation is facilitated.
3. The whole Fabry-Perot cavity and the front and rear optical fibers are packaged by using longer glass capillaries, so that the Fabry-Perot cavity is simple in structure, has better mechanical consistency, is not easy to break in the bending process, and is more favorable for realizing curvature measurement in a larger range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of an experiment of Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing for curvature sensing according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a single peak shift simulated spectrogram;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a simulated relationship between a wavelength shift amount and a curvature;
the reference numerals are explained below:
1-a first single mode fiber, 2-a bare single mode fiber, 3-a second single mode fiber, 4-a quartz capillary tube, and 5-ultraviolet glue; 6-a sensing probe, 7-a broadband light source, 8-an optical fiber circulator, 9-a spectrum analyzer, 10-a first five-dimensional adjusting frame, 11-a second five-dimensional adjusting frame, 12-a first optical fiber clamp and 13-a second optical fiber clamp.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The utility model provides an optic fibre fabry-perot sensing probe for camber measurement, its structure refers to figure 1, specifically by first single mode fiber 1, the bare fiber 2 of single mode fiber, second single mode fiber 3 and quartz capillary 4 constitute, an tip of first single mode fiber 1 is naked fine section and terminal surface miscut angle is 8, a tip of second single mode fiber 3 is naked fine section and terminal surface miscut angle is 8, the bare fiber 2 of single mode fiber sets up in the middle part of quartz capillary 4 fixedly, both ends meet the setting in quartz capillary 4 with the tip of the bare fine section of first single mode fiber 1, second single mode fiber 3 respectively, first single mode fiber 1 and second single mode fiber 3 are fixed to wear to locate the both ends of quartz capillary 4.
The fixing of the first single-mode fiber 1, the bare single-mode fiber 2, the second single-mode fiber 3 and the quartz capillary tube 4 is realized by using ultraviolet glue 5.
A method for manufacturing a fiber Fabry-Perot sensing probe for curvature measurement comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking a certain length of common single-mode optical fiber, stripping the coating layer by using an optical fiber wire stripper to form a bare fiber, cleaning by 95% alcohol, cutting off two end parts by using a CT52 type optical fiber cutting knife produced by Japan rattan storehouse company to form a flat end surface vertical to the fiber core, and preparing the bare fiber 2 of the single-mode optical fiber for later use;
step 2: under an OD630K micro-reflectometer manufactured by Ningbo Shuyu, HY-6809A type ultraviolet glue is coated on the side surface cladding layer of the bare single-mode fiber 2 in a micro-coating manner, the bare single-mode fiber is placed in the middle of a quartz capillary tube 4, and an ultraviolet irradiation lamp is used for curing the ultraviolet glue, so that the bare single-mode fiber 2 (which is used as a Fabry-Perot sensing probe cavity) is fixed;
and step 3: removing a coating layer from two end parts of a common single-mode optical fiber, cleaning, then, using a CT-101 type optical fiber cutter produced by Japan rattan storehouse company to chamfer an end face by 8 degrees at one end, using a CT52 type optical fiber cutter to cut the other end smoothly to serve as a reserved welding detection end to prepare a first single-mode optical fiber 1, coating a trace amount of ultraviolet glue on a side surface cladding of the first single-mode optical fiber 1, sending a bare fiber section at one end of the chamfer end face into a quartz capillary tube 4 under a microscope until the bare fiber section is contacted with one end of a bare fiber 2 of the single-mode optical fiber, using ultraviolet glue 5 to cover the interface of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 and the quartz capillary tube 4 at the end part of the quartz capillary tube 4, curing the ultraviolet glue, and realizing the fixation;
and 4, step 4: removing one section of coating layer from one end part of another section of standard single-mode optical fiber to obtain a second single-mode optical fiber 3, cleaning, using an optical fiber cutter to obliquely cut the end face to 8 degrees, coating a trace of ultraviolet glue on the coating layer, sending the bare fiber section into a quartz capillary under a micro-reflectometer until the bare fiber section is contacted with the other end part of the bare fiber 2 of the single-mode optical fiber, using ultraviolet glue 5 to realize covering at the interface of the second single-mode optical fiber 3 and the quartz capillary 4 at the end part of the quartz capillary 4, curing the ultraviolet glue, and realizing the fixation of the second single-mode optical fiber 3. I.e. the sensing probe 6 of the present invention is successfully prepared.
When the optical fiber is bent, the Fabry-Perot cavity type single-mode optical fiber bare fiber 2 is bent, two end faces of the single-mode optical fiber bare fiber 2 are parallel, the end face of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 is parallel to the end face of the second single-mode optical fiber 3 in the quartz capillary tube 4, optical signals are constrained in the range of the fiber core, and loss of the optical signals is reduced.
The basic principle of the invention for curvature sensing is: the principle of multi-beam interference and the elasto-optic effect are that when the optical fiber sensor is bent, the internal cavity is deformed under the action of pressure, so that the refractive index of the cavity is changed, meanwhile, an optical signal is reflected back and forth between two parallel flat plates, the reflected signal and an input signal are coherent light, an interference signal is formed in the sensing cavity, and due to the influence of the material of the optical fiber, the reflection efficiency of the end face of the optical fiber is only about 4%, so that the multi-beam interference can be similar to double-beam interference. When the double-beam interference is extremely large, the following requirements are met:
φ＝4πnL/λm＝2mπ；
namely: m lambdam＝2nL；
Wherein m is the interference order, λmThe center wavelength corresponding to the m-level interference signal is shown, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensing cavity, and L is the cavity length of the sensing cavity. When the sensor is bent, the effective refractive index of the optical fiber is changed under the influence of the elasto-optical effect, namely;
n＝n0+Δn＝n0+kdC
where k is the strain index of refraction of the optical fiber, and k is-0.1649 × 10-6μ ε, d is the distance between the core and the cladding, and C is the fiber bending curvature. At this time, the m-order interference center wavelength can be expressed as:
the shift amount of the center wavelength is:
therefore, the central wavelength of the interference peak, the movement amount of the central wavelength and the curvature satisfy a linear relation, and the curvature sensing measurement can be realized by monitoring the peak wavelength of any one reflection peak in the reflection spectrum.
The specific principle is that a double-beam interference principle of an optical fiber Fabry-Perot cavity is utilized, standard single-mode optical fibers are used for replacing air to serve as a cavity, optical signals emitted by a broadband light source enter a port 1 of an optical fiber circulator through a single-mode optical fiber jumper, are output from a port 2 and enter a Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe, are reflected between two end faces of a Fabry-Perot cavity of the Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe, reflected signals are overlapped with each other and interfere with each other, return to enter a port 2 of the optical fiber circulator and are output from a port 3 of the optical fiber circulator to enter an optical spectrum analyzer, and demodulation of the optical signals is achieved according to a double-beam. The curvature sensing device has the advantages of high precision, small volume, stable work and the like, so that the curvature measurement of the optical fiber sensing device utilizing the curvature measurement is obviously improved in the aspects of precision and the like compared with the traditional light intensity modulation type optical fiber sensing device.
As shown in fig. 2, in the fabry-perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing device according to the present embodiment, when the optical fiber curvature sensing measurement is performed, both ends of the sensing probe 6 of the present invention are fixed to two five-dimensional adjusting frames (10, 11), and when the distance between the two five-dimensional adjusting frames is shortened, the optical fiber sensing probe is bent, the single-mode optical fiber sensing cavity in the sensing probe 6 is also bent, so that the elasto-optical effect is generated inside the optical fiber fabry-perot sensing probe, the refractive index of the single-mode optical fiber sensing cavity is changed, and according to the principle of two-beam interference, the interference signal generated by the fabry-perot cavity type optical fiber sensing is shifted, and the relationship between the wavelength shift amount of the interference signal and the curvature is demodulated, so that the curvature change value is obtained. Interference signals emitted by the optical fiber circulator 8 are received by the optical spectrum analyzer 9 and are displayed and analyzed, when the optical spectrum analyzer 9 can receive obvious interference spectra, the distance between the two adjusting frames is adjusted through the five-dimensional adjusting frames, further, the optical fibers are bent, different distances correspond to different bending amounts of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensing structure, the optical spectrum analyzer 9 can obtain interference spectral lines under different curvature conditions, one interference spectral line corresponds to one bending state, and therefore the bending characteristic of the single-mode optical fiber can be calculated.
Meanwhile, the curvature under corresponding conditions is obtained by regulating and controlling the distance between the two five-dimensional adjusting frames, and can be obtained as follows:
wherein x is the moving distance of the moving end of the five-dimensional adjusting frame, L0The initial distance between the two five-dimensional scaffolds is determined. Carrying out simulation analysis by MATLAB, setting the initial cavity length to 300 μm, and simulating to obtain interference spectrum with variation of sensor curvature to obtain m-level central wavelength λmThe amount of wavelength shift δ λmFrom the simulation results with the curvature, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that a good linear relationship is satisfied between the curvature and the amount of wavelength shift.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe, a serial communication port, by first single mode fiber (1), naked fine (2) of single mode fiber, second single mode fiber (3), and quartz capillary (4) are constituteed, an tip of first single mode fiber (1) is naked fine section and terminal surface chamfer angle and is 8, an tip of second single mode fiber (3) is naked fine section and terminal surface chamfer angle and is 8, naked fine (2) of single mode fiber is fixed to be set up in the middle part of quartz capillary (4), both ends respectively with first single mode fiber (1), the tip of the naked fine section of second single mode fiber (3) meets the setting in quartz capillary (4), first single mode fiber (1) and second single mode fiber (3) are fixed to wear to locate the both ends of quartz capillary (4).
2. The method for preparing a Fabry-Perot cavity type optical fiber curvature sensing probe according to claim 1, comprising the following steps
Step 1: stripping a coating layer of a common single-mode optical fiber with a certain length to form a bare fiber section, cleaning, cutting off the end part, forming a flat end surface vertical to the fiber core, and preparing the bare single-mode optical fiber (2) for later use;
step 2: under a microscope, coating a small amount of ultraviolet glue on a side surface cladding of the bare single-mode optical fiber (2), putting the side surface cladding into the middle of a quartz capillary tube (4), and curing the ultraviolet glue by using an ultraviolet irradiation lamp to realize the fixation of the bare single-mode optical fiber (2);
and step 3: removing a coating layer from two end parts of a common single-mode fiber, cleaning, then, beveling an end face of 8 degrees at one end by using a fiber cutter, and cutting the other end smoothly to obtain a first single-mode fiber (1), after coating a trace amount of ultraviolet glue on a side surface cladding of the first single-mode fiber (1), sending a bare fiber section with the end face being beveled into a quartz capillary tube (4) under a microscope until the bare fiber section is contacted with one end of a bare fiber (2) of the single-mode fiber, covering the interface of the first single-mode fiber (1) and the quartz capillary tube (4) by using ultraviolet glue (5) at the end part of the quartz capillary tube (4), and curing the ultraviolet glue to realize the fixation of the first single-mode fiber (1);
and 4, step 4: remove one section of coating with an end of another section of standard single mode fiber and make second single mode fiber (3), after the washing, use optical fiber cutting knife miscut face 8, after trace scribbles ultraviolet glue (5) on the covering, send into quartz capillary (4) with naked fine section under the microscope, until contacting with another tip of single mode fiber naked fine (2), at quartz capillary (4) tip, use ultraviolet glue (5) to realize covering second single mode fiber (3) and quartz capillary (4) kneck, solidify the ultraviolet glue, realize the fixed of second single mode fiber (3).
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| CN112629744A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Atmospheric pressure sensor based on cascade fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer |
| CN115452019A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-09 | 东北电力大学 | Note-shaped optical fiber voltage sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference principle and manufacturing method thereof |
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