CN110974830A - 一种用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110974830A CN110974830A CN201911361962.9A CN201911361962A CN110974830A CN 110974830 A CN110974830 A CN 110974830A CN 201911361962 A CN201911361962 A CN 201911361962A CN 110974830 A CN110974830 A CN 110974830A
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- skin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种安全环保、无副作用、无刺激、能有效预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏、抗炎、抗菌、抗刺激的外用组合物。该组合物包含四氢嘧啶或其衍生物、透明质酸或其衍生物、生物表面活性剂和ε‑聚赖氨酸作为中心组合物,并任选包含一种或多种维生素,以及任选包含一种或多种天然植物成分。该组合物以化妆品形式、医疗器械形式、药品形式、或者以前述产品的添加物的形式提供。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化妆品和药品技术领域,具体而言涉及一种预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏、抗炎、抗菌、抗刺激的外用组合物及其用途。
背景技术
皮肤覆盖在人体表面,是人体最大的器官,直接与外界环境相接触,使体内各种组织和器官免受机械、物理、化学及生物等因素的损害侵袭,同时防止机体内各种营养物质、水分、电解质的丧失,起到屏障作用,对保持人体内环境的稳定性起重要作用。皮肤屏障主要由皮脂膜和角质层组成。皮脂膜是覆盖于皮肤表面的一层透明薄膜,主要由皮脂腺分泌的皮脂、角质层细胞崩解产生的脂质与汗腺分泌的汗液乳化形成,在皮肤表面形成一层保护膜,呈弱酸性,具有锁水及一定的抗炎作用,以保持皮肤的健康。
皮脂膜受损会导致皮肤的免疫力下降,锁水功能减弱,皮肤会变得干燥,瘙痒,蜕皮,红肿甚至出现色素沉淀,肌肤会变得特别容易敏感。皮炎、湿疹和皮肤过敏是我们在日常生活中常见的一类皮肤屏障缺陷疾病。皮炎泛指皮肤的炎症性疾病,湿疹是病因暂不明确的皮炎的统称。我们生活中常说的“皮炎、湿疹”,在医学上规范的名称是“过敏性皮肤病”。过敏性皮肤病是由过敏原引起的皮肤病,其诱发因素广泛,包含各种人体内、外部感染性或非感染性物质,人体神经精神与情绪,以及各种环境因素,如温度、湿度和紫外线等,其病因和临床表现复杂多样。临床症状大多包括:皮肤瘙痒、丘疹、水疱、风团、糜烂、红斑、鳞屑、苔藓化等。通常将过敏性皮肤病的发病机制或临床特征相对明确者称为某某皮炎,比如接触性皮炎、过敏性皮炎、神经性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎、日光性皮炎、病毒性皮炎、真菌性皮炎、叮咬性皮炎等。
为了预防、缓解和治疗前述的过敏性皮肤病,市面上有许多不同的化妆品、医疗器械和药品可供选用。这些制剂通常含有类固醇、抗生素、抗真菌、抗组胺药物成分、止痛药和/或其他合成的有效物质和助剂。这些制剂通过调节机体免疫功能、攻击寄生虫、细菌、病毒或者真菌、抗过敏等机理来治疗皮肤发炎、感染或过敏。但是含这些有效物质的产品在起到缓解与治疗的同时,普遍存在着下面的缺点:
①无法促进皮肤组织细胞修复从而重建皮肤屏障,而是需要机体自身的免疫系统和特异表达因子来重建该屏障。
②使用前述制剂治疗皮肤屏障缺陷疾病,通常具有强烈的副作用和/或在人体中引起过敏反应,比如出现皮肤红斑、痤疮、丘疹、皮肤瘙痒、创伤愈合障碍等反应,使用后可能出现的不良反应就是皮肤刺激的部分症状。
在使用前述制剂缓解或治疗皮肤屏障缺陷疾病时,重建皮肤屏障功能就依赖于机体自身的皮肤细胞活力,调节内分泌,从而促进皮肤组织细胞再生。但是,这些制剂由于可能会出现的副作用,使用后皮肤细胞活力通常会降低,皮肤只能非常缓慢地或者完全不能保持或重建皮肤屏障,从而更容易反复发生过敏反应,形成恶性循环。
为了弥补前述制剂存在的缺陷,有许多学者研究利用中草药成分作为抗炎、消敏的功效成分并申请专利,比如CN 1596953A涉及治疗过敏性皮肤病的药物,提供了一种由下列组分制成的治疗过敏性皮肤病的复方药剂:莲子10-50份、苦参5-10份、丹参10-20份、防风5-10份、白鲜皮5-10份、马齿苋5-10份、皂角刺5-10份、生甘草1-6份。CN 104984046A涉及一种治疗过敏性皮肤病的中药外用制剂及其制备方法,公开了由骨碎补、桂枝、乌梅、杭菊、连翘、黄芩、百合、大枣、玉竹、太子参、菟丝子、枸杞子十二味药材制成的、治疗过敏性皮肤病的中药外用制剂。CN 105233111A涉及一种治疗过敏性皮肤病的乳膏状药物及其制备方法,其中公开的治疗过敏性皮肤病的乳膏状药物配方为:天山雪莲5-10g、七星剑10-15g、羊蹄根12-20g、百部6-12g、芦荟4-10g、狼毒2-5g、土槿皮10-30g、苦参5-11g、珍珠粉0.8-1.5g、白鲜皮7-16g、皂角刺3-10g、拳参3-12g、五倍子3-10g、一点红10-20g、蛇床子4-10g、独角莲4-10g、地肤子7-15g、鞭蓉叶10-30g、土茯苓10-60g、黄柏4-10g、铁冬青15-35g和乳膏基质适量。虽然上述中药组合物在发挥消炎、止痒、止痛等作用的同时,在一定程度避免了常规制剂带来的副作用,具有安全温和、无毒副作用的优点,但在重建皮肤屏障方面起到的效果不够显著。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述技术存在的不足,提供一种安全温和、天然低敏、无刺激、无副作用的外用组合物,其能够预防、舒缓或治疗皮肤过敏,抗炎、抗菌、抗刺激效果良好,且在修复受损皮肤、重建皮肤屏障功能方面效果明显。
本发明的另一个目的是提供利用上述组合物制备的护肤品。
本发明还提供上述组合物的另一用途,即加入到现有治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品中,用以促进受损皮肤的修复速度,缩短产品治疗周期;或加入现有治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品中,同时将其中常用的乳化剂替换成安全无刺激的天然生物来源的表面活性剂,从而消除常规乳化剂对皮肤带来的刺激,减轻过敏反应,降低副作用发生的风险。
本发明采用以下具体技术方案。
1、一种用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,包含以质量百分比计0.1%-10%的四氢嘧啶或其衍生物,0.1%-20%的透明质酸或其衍生物,0.1%-5%的生物表面活性剂,以及0.01%-0.1%的ε-聚赖氨酸,余量为水或其它基质。
2、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述四氢嘧啶的衍生物为羟基四氢嘧啶。
3、根据项1或2所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述四氢嘧啶或其衍生物的含量为2%-5%。
4、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述的透明质酸或其衍生物的分子量为1×103Da-4×105Da。
5、根据项4所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述透明质酸或其衍生物选自透明质酸或其盐,或将透明质酸的羟基、羧基进行醚化、酯化、酰胺化、缩醛化、乙酰化而得到的透明质酸衍生物中的至少一种。
6、根据项1、4或5所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述透明质酸或其衍生物的含量为5%-10%。
7、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述生物表面活性剂包括糖脂和/或脂肽。
8、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述生物表面活性剂选自槐糖脂、蔗糖脂、鼠李糖脂、海藻糖脂、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂、表面活性素、伊枯草菌素、芬芥素、地衣素中的至少一种。
9、根据项1、7或8所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述生物表面活性剂的含量为1%-2%。
10、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述ε-聚赖氨酸的含量为0.05%。
11、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其中还包含以质量百分比计为0.1%-3%的一种或多种维生素。
12、根据项11所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述维生素的含量为2%。
13、根据项11或12所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述的维生素包含维生素B5、维生素C和维生素E中的至少一种。
14、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其中还包含以质量百分比计为0.1%-5%的一种或多种天然植物成分。
15、根据项1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述天然植物成分的含量为2%。
16、根据项14或15所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述的天然植物成分选自洋甘菊提取物、甘草提取物、蒲公英提取物和丹皮提取物中的至少一种。
17、根据项16所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述的天然植物成分为以质量计洋甘菊提取物:甘草提取物:蒲公英提取物:丹皮提取物=3:3:1:3的混合物。
18、一种包含项1-17中任一项所述用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物的护肤品。
19、一种包含项1-17中任一项所述用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物的医疗器械。
20、一种包含项1-17中任一项所述用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物的药品。
21、一种用于预防、缓解皮肤过敏的护肤品,其特征在于由项1-17所述的外用组合物添加护肤品常用基质制成。
22、项1-17中任一项所述用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物在制备护肤品方面的用途,其特征在于在该外用组合物中添加护肤品常用的基质,同时去除护肤品中常用的乳化剂。
23、项1-17中任一项所述用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物在制备治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品方面的用途,其特征在于将该外用组合物加入到现有的治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品中,同时将现有治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品中的常用乳化剂用生物表面活性剂替代。
本发明提供的外用组合物可以发挥出以下功效:能够护理、营养与美白肌肤,消炎,止痒,抗菌,舒缓过敏,提高皮肤细胞活力,加速皮肤伤口修复,加速皮肤屏障再生,同时预防疤痕、痘印和色素沉淀,能够快速改善皮肤表皮状态。
附图说明
图1显示外用组合物对皮肤屏障修复功能的影响。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明提供一种用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,该组合物包含以质量百分比计0.1%-10%的四氢嘧啶或其衍生物,0.1%-20%的透明质酸或其衍生物,0.1%-5%的生物表面活性剂,以及0.01%-0.1%的ε-聚赖氨酸,余量为水或基质。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中使用四氢嘧啶类物质,例如四氢嘧啶或其衍生物作为主要组分。所述四氢嘧啶是细菌体内调节渗透压的相容性溶质,它与细胞内的新陈代谢相容,并不影响细胞的生物大分子功能或生理过程,而且对处于高温、高盐、冷冻、干燥、辐射等不良环境刺激下的细胞和生物大分子(生物膜、蛋白质、酶和核酸)有很好的保护作用,这种保护作用也可以应用到人类的皮肤上,因此四氢嘧啶可应用在化妆品、细胞保护剂、生物制剂稳定剂、药物制剂等领域。四氢嘧啶具有强吸湿性,可促进角质层水化,缓解皮肤干燥状态。四氢嘧啶能够降低促炎因子的表达,从而阻断炎症反应,可以预防、缓解或治疗皮肤炎症。研究证明四氢嘧啶还可以保护皮肤的免疫细胞,提升皮肤自身的免疫能力。四氢嘧啶通过激活热应激蛋白基因的表达来激活细胞的热应激反应,可以进行细胞和组织的保护与修复,提高细胞的耐受性。
本发明中可以使用四氢嘧啶,也可以使用其衍生物。作为四氢嘧啶的衍生物,优选使用羟基四氢嘧啶。本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中使用的四氢嘧啶或其衍生物的质量百分比含量优选为0.1%-10%,更优选为2%-5%。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中使用透明质酸类物质,例如透明质酸或其衍生物作为另一种主要组分。所述透明质酸是由N-乙酰氨基葡糖和葡糖醛酸双糖单位组成的直链高分子酸性黏多糖,广泛存在于生物体内,是构成细胞间质和细胞外基质的主要成分。不同分子量的透明质酸具有多种生理功能,包括保湿、消炎、促进伤口愈合、改善关节功能及药物载体等功能,在化妆品、保健食品与医药等领域具有广泛应用。本发明中使用的透明质酸或其衍生物包括透明质酸或其盐,以及透明质酸的羟基、羧基进行醚化、酯化、酰胺化、缩醛化、乙酰化等而得到的透明质酸衍生物。
透明质酸的分子量大小对其生物活性有较大影响,过高分子量的透明质酸渗透性差,不易被皮肤吸收,本发明优选使用分子量为1×103Da-4×105Da的透明质酸或其衍生物,优选其分子量为5×103Da-8×104Da。本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中使用的透明质酸或其衍生物的质量百分比含量为0.1%-20%,更优选为5%-10%。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中还包含生物表面活性剂。所述生物表面活性剂是细菌、酵母和真菌等多种微生物产生的具有表面活性剂特征的两性化合物,如糖脂、脂肽、中性类脂衍生物、脂肪酸和磷脂等。与化学表面活性剂相比,生物表面活性剂具有较多优势,如安全无毒、对皮肤无刺激、可生物降解,具有良好的生物相容性,具有更低的临界胶束浓度(cmc),在极端pH、温度和盐度条件下活性稳定,以及多样化的生物活性,如抗菌性、抗病毒性、杀虫活性等。其中,生物表面活性剂具有广谱的抗霉菌作用和一定的抗细菌作用,而其抗菌机理又不同于一般的抗生素,它可以使微生物的细胞膜上形成孔洞而使细胞内容物流出而死亡或鳌合一、二价阳离子从而抑制了多种酶类活性,因抗菌非特异性而不易产生耐药性。生物表面活性剂作为添加到乳、膏、霜形式的产品中,不仅发挥乳化剂的作用,还具备一定的抗菌性,可降低产品中防腐剂的用量。本发明中使用的生物表面活性剂优选包括糖脂和/或脂肽,更优选包括槐糖脂、蔗糖脂、鼠李糖脂、海藻糖脂、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂、表面活性素、伊枯草菌素、芬芥素、地衣素中的至少一种。本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中使用的生物表面活性剂的质量百分比含量优选为0.1%-5%,更优选为1%-2%。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中还包含ε-聚赖氨酸。所述ε-聚赖氨酸是一种含有25-30个赖氨酸残基的同型单体聚合物。ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌谱广,对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、酵母菌、霉菌均有很好的抑菌效果,并且对一些耐热性芽孢杆菌和病毒也有一定抑制作用。它能在人体内分解为L-赖氨酸,而L-赖氨酸是人体必需的8种氨基酸之一。ε基聚赖氨酸的抑菌机理主要表现在破坏微生物的细胞膜结构,引起细胞的内容物流出,最终导致细胞死亡。本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中使用的ε-聚赖氨酸的质量百分比含量优选为0.01%-0.1%,例如可以为0.05%。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中还任选包含一种或多种维生素,优选包含维生素B5、维生素C和维生素E。维生素B5、维生素C和维生素E可以改善皮肤干燥、粗糙、脱屑问题,能够止痒及治疗与多种皮肤病相关的红斑症状,并可以消除皮肤内产生的自由基对皮肤的破坏,加强皮肤屏障功能。维生素在该外用组合物中的质量百分比含量优选为0.1%-3%,例如可以为2%。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物中还任选包含一种或多种天然植物成分。该天然植物成分优选为洋甘菊提取物、甘草提取物、蒲公英提取物和丹皮提取物中的一种或多种。洋甘菊、蒲公英和丹皮提取物具有抗菌消炎、增强免疫作用,甘草提取物具有抗炎和抗过敏的作用。作为所述的天然植物成分,优选使用以质量计洋甘菊提取物:甘草提取物:蒲公英提取物:丹皮提取物=3:3:1:3的混合物。该天然植物成分在所述外用组合物中的质量百分比含量优选为0.1%-5%,例如可以为2%。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物还含有水或基质,例如可以使用纯化水。作为上述基质,可以使用例如油性基质、高级脂肪醇(酸或酯)类、乳化剂等。所述乳化剂包括一价金属皂,硬脂酸、油酸,棕榈酸、十二烷基硫酸等的钾、钠及铵盐,硬脂酸三乙醇胺,磺氢化蓖麻油,硬脂酸硫酸钠,十六醇硫酸钠等。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物的使用形式可以有多种,例如化妆品形式、医疗器械形式、药品形式或前述产品的添加物的形式。从而,本发明还提供包含该外用组合物的护肤品、医疗器械和药品。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物可用于制备护肤品,该护肤品是由上述外用组合物添加护肤品常用基质制成,同时去除护肤品中常用的乳化剂。所述常用基质是指构成护肤品基体的物质,体现护肤品的主要性质和功能,主导护肤品的剂型与性质。常用的基质分油质(如动植物油脂与衍生物、天然矿物油蜡等)、粉质(如滑石粉、高岭土、膨润土、钛白粉等)、胶质(如聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素钠等)和溶剂(如水、醇类、酯类等)。所述常用的乳化剂是指使两种互不相溶的液体形成多相均匀分散体系并保持稳定的物质,常用的乳化剂有一价金属皂,硬脂酸、油酸、棕榈酸、十二烷基硫酸等的钾、钠及铵盐,硬脂酸三乙醇胺,磺氢化蓖麻油,硬脂酸硫酸钠,十六醇硫酸钠等。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物可以加入到现有的治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品中,同时将现有治疗皮炎的医疗器械产品或药品中的常用乳化剂用上述生物表面活性剂替代。
本发明的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物可以用在化妆品和皮炎药品中,进行局部施用以护理出现干燥、瘙痒、疼痛、鳞片等问题的过敏皮肤,或预防皮肤出现上述问题。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)表面活性剂或乳化剂是大多数化妆品、医疗器械和药品中常用的一类乳化基质,而大部分表面活性剂是化学合成的物质,会对皮肤和黏膜产生较为严重的刺激性问题,比如几种常用的化学表面活性剂烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、月桂醇醚硫酸钠(AES)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)等。化学表面活性剂及其在合成过程中含有的副产物对皮肤和黏膜产生的刺激性或致敏性主要由三个因素引起:溶出作用,渗入作用和吸附蛋白质。溶出作用是指表面活性剂对皮肤本身的保湿成分、细胞间脂质及角质层中游离氨基酸和脂肪的溶出;渗入作用是指表面活性剂经皮渗透作用,这种作用被认为是引发皮肤各种炎症的原因之一;表面活性剂可通过对蛋白质的吸附,致使蛋白质变性以及改变皮肤pH条件等。本发明使用生物表面活性剂代替目前常用的上述表面活性剂或乳化剂,用于乳、膏、霜形式的产品中,不仅发挥乳化剂的作用,还具备一定的抗菌性,可降低产品中防腐剂的用量。
(2)本发明的外用组合物中维生素改善了皮肤干燥、粗糙、脱屑等问题,起到了止痒及治疗红斑的效果,还可以消除皮肤内产生的自由基对皮肤的破坏,加强皮肤屏障功能。还可通过添加洋甘菊、蒲公英、丹皮和甘草提取物提供抗菌消炎、增强免疫、抗过敏等作用。
(3)本发明提供的外用组合物成分安全温和,天然无刺激,用于护理肌肤、预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏,可保湿、抗炎、缓解刺激、加速修复与强化皮肤屏障功能,增强皮肤细胞的免疫能力,抑菌,且无副作用,同时各组分之间可产生协同增效作用,适合各种人群短期或长期使用。
实施例
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。本发明的以下实施例仅用来说明实现本发明的具体实施方式,但不能被理解为是对本发明进行限制。其他的任何在未背离本发明的精神实质下所作的改变均被视为等效替换,落在本发明的保护范围之内。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊要求均为常规方法,所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明均可从商业途径获取。
实施例1
将0.1g四氢嘧啶,20g透明质酸钠(分子量1×103Da),5g表面活性素,0.01gε-聚赖氨酸溶于纯化水中并定容至100mL,混合均匀,制成预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物1。
实施例2
将10g四氢嘧啶,0.1g透明质酸钠(分子量4×105Da),0.1g鼠李糖脂,0.1gε-聚赖氨酸溶于纯化水中并定容至100mL,混合均匀,制成预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物2。
实施例3
将5g羟基四氢嘧啶,10g乙酰化透明质酸(分子量8×104Da),2g表面活性素,0.05gε-聚赖氨酸溶于纯化水中并定容至100mL,混合均匀,制成预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物3。
实施例4
将2g四氢嘧啶,5g透明质酸钠(分子量5×103Da),1g表面活性素,0.05gε-聚赖氨酸,3g的维生素B5,5g天然植物成分(洋甘菊提取物:甘草提取物:蒲公英提取物:丹皮提取物=3:3:1:3)溶于纯化水中并定容至100mL,混合均匀,制成预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物4。
实施例5
将2g四氢嘧啶,5g透明质酸钠(分子量5×103Da),1g表面活性素,0.05gε-聚赖氨酸,0.1g维生素E,0.1g天然植物成分(洋甘菊提取物:甘草提取物:蒲公英提取物:丹皮提取物=3:3:1:3)溶于纯化水中并定容至100mL,混合均匀,制成预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物5。
实施例6
将2g四氢嘧啶,5g透明质酸钠(分子量5×103Da),1g表面活性素,0.05gε-聚赖氨酸,1g维生素B5,1g维生素C,2g天然植物成分(洋甘菊提取物:甘草提取物:蒲公英提取物:丹皮提取物=3:3:1:3)溶于纯化水中并定容至100mL,混合均匀,制成预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物6。
表1实施例1-6中制备外用组合物的配方
*洋甘菊提取物:甘草提取物:蒲公英提取物:丹皮提取物=3:3:1:3(质量比)的混合物
下面对实施例1-6中制备的外用组合物1-6(以下简称为组合物1-6)进行安全性、抗菌性以及皮肤屏障修复性能测试。
实施例7细胞毒性试验
检测标准:GB/T16886.5-2017医疗器械生物学评价第5部分:体外细胞毒性试验(ISO 10993-5:2009,IDT)及《中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准》SNT 2328-2009化妆品急性毒性的角质细胞试验。
检测指标:细胞增殖率
检测方法:WST-1法。
试验中用到的设备:倒置显微镜(OLYMPUS,CKX41),超净工作台(北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司,SCB-1520),二氧化碳培养箱(SANYO),数显恒温水浴锅(金坛市中大仪器厂),恒温微孔板快速振荡器(海门市麒麟医用仪器厂),酶标仪(BIO-RAD)等。
样品制备:分别将上述组合物1-6中的纯化水用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养液替代,制备成含不同组合物的细胞血清培养液,并用0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,待用。
实验过程:取对数生长期小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞BALB/3T3,以5×104个/mL密度接种于96孔板,每孔100uL,培养体系是DMEM高糖培养液,添加10%胎牛血清。接种的细胞置于二氧化碳培养箱中在37℃,5%CO2下常规培养24h后,弃去培养液,换成100μL含组合物的细胞血清培养液,不含组合物的血清培养液作为正常对照组。每种组合物6个平行孔,继续培养48h后,采用WST-1法检测细胞相对增殖率。相对增殖率(RGR)为样品组吸光度与正常对照组吸光度的比值。按照GB/T16886.5-2017的要求,RGR低于70%时,认为样品具有细胞毒性。
表1组合物1-6的细胞毒性
如表1所示,上述实施例1-6的组合物细胞相对增殖率(RGR)均高于70%,表明均无明显细胞毒性,说明根据本发明提供的组合物安全无毒,可在规定用量范围内放心应用于化妆品及医药产品中。
实施例8抗菌性试验
菌种:大肠埃希氏菌(革兰氏阴性细菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性细菌)、铜绿假单胞菌(革兰氏阴性细菌)、白色念珠菌(真菌)
实验分组如表2所示:
表2
其中,细菌用培养基成分为:蛋白胨10g,牛肉浸膏3g,氯化钠5g,蒸馏水1000mL,121℃高压蒸汽灭菌15min。细菌培养条件为:接种量2%,在32℃,80rpm下培养18h。真菌用培养基成分为:酵母提取物10g,葡萄糖2g,氯化钠5g,蒸馏水1000mL,用6M HCl溶液调pH值至5.5左右,121℃高压灭菌15min。真菌培养条件为:接种量2%,在32℃,80rpm下培养24h。
检测指标:通过测定菌液OD600值,计算抑菌率。
实验过程:
1.四种菌保存液复苏后,制备菌液并计数,菌液浓度为106-7CFU/mL,备用;
2.分别用细菌培养基和真菌培养基替代上述组合物1-6中的纯化水,配制含组合物的细菌/真菌用培养基,调节pH值,并分装灭菌;对照组的培养基为不含组合物的细菌培养基或真菌培养基;
3.对照组和实验组按2%接种量接种1中的菌液后,在32℃,80rpm下摇床培养相应时间;
4.采用分光光度计测定对照组和实验组中细菌/真菌培养液的OD600,并减去相对应的空白组培养基的OD600,最后计算实验组的抑菌率(%)=(1-)×100。
组合物1-6对上述四种菌的抑制率如表3所示。
表3
如表3所示,上述实施例1-6中制备的组合物1-6对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌率均>90%以上,说明根据本发明提供的组合物具有良好的抗菌效果。
实施例9皮肤屏障修复测试
皮肤屏障主要由皮脂膜和角质层组成。皮脂膜受损会导致皮肤的免疫力下降,锁水功能减弱,皮肤会变得干燥,瘙痒,蜕皮,红肿甚至出现色素沉淀,肌肤会变得特别容易敏感。正常完整的角质层能有效阻止外界环境的侵害以及体内水分的流失。因此,表皮屏障受损,会导致皮肤对外界过敏原和有害刺激的敏感性增加,病原微生物会更加容易通过角质层侵入皮肤,从而加深皮肤屏障功能受损程度或延缓皮肤屏障修复。也就是说,皮肤屏障功能得不到及时修复,会诱发进一步的感染和慢性炎症。
因此本发明利用2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导BALB/c小鼠产生特应性皮炎样皮损,建立特应性皮炎样小鼠模型。通过对此皮肤屏障功能受损的小鼠模型外用实施例1-6中的组合物1-6后,测定其经皮水分散失量(TEWL),评估组合物1-6对皮肤通透性屏障及抗感染屏障的修复作用。
实验动物:SPF级BALB/c小鼠,雌雄各半,体重20±2g。
模型制备:
1.用剃毛器剃除小鼠颈背部毛发后进行脱毛,备皮后一天开始建模。
2.将小鼠随机分成8组,每组5只,即正常对照组、基质组、实验组1-6(分别使用上述组合物1-6)。
3.第1周致敏:基质组和实验组的小鼠在剃毛处涂抹1%DNCB 100μl,3天/次,共2次。
4.第2周激发:基质组和实验组的小鼠在剃毛处涂抹0.2%DNCB 100μl,3天/次,共2次。制备成特应性皮炎样小鼠模型。
实验过程:第2周激发后24h,实验组分别在建模区涂抹以纯化水为溶剂的组合物1-6 100μl,基质组涂抹纯化水,每天1次,共14天。
检测方法:在室内温度为20-25℃,空气相对湿度为50%-60%的条件下测定小鼠背部剃毛处的TEWL,每2天测1次。将Tewameter TM300测定仪与待测部位皮肤表面尽量垂直并完全接触,每一部位测定三次,取平均值。
经皮水分散失量(TEWL)是客观反映皮肤屏障功能的重要指标。正常的皮肤具有保水能力,当皮肤屏障损伤后,保水能力下降,水分蒸发就增多,皮肤的经皮水分散失量就上升,因而通过检测TEWL值的变化可以判断皮肤屏障的恢复程度。将正常对照组的皮肤屏障修复率设定为100%,建模后0h的皮肤屏障修复率设为0%,基质组和实验组的皮肤屏障修复率计算公式为:皮肤屏障修复率(%)=(1-)×100。
通过正常对照组、基质组、实验组1-6测定的各组合物对皮肤屏障修复率的影响结果示于附图1中。
图1所示结果表明,在皮肤屏障受损后,实施例1-6制备的组合物1-6均能够促进受损的皮肤屏障修复,且皮肤屏障修复速率均高于基质组。其中,涂抹组合物4和1的皮肤屏障修复速率高于其他组合物。涂抹组合物2、3、5和6的皮肤屏障修复速率相当。上述结果说明本发明提供的组合物在治疗与皮肤屏障受损相关的皮肤疾病方面具有潜在的应用价值。
实施例10乳膏试验
表4包含本发明的外用组合物的乳膏配方
制法:取油相成分维生素E、硬脂酸、十六醇、羊毛脂加温熔融,保温70-80℃,形成油相液。将水相成分四氢嘧啶、透明质酸钠、表面活性素、ε-聚赖氨酸、维生素B5、天然植物成分、丙二醇、三乙醇胺、蒸馏水加温至70-80℃,形成水相液。将油相液缓缓加入到水相液中,不断搅拌至定型即得。
对比例1糖皮质激素类乳膏
表5糖皮质激素类乳膏配方
成分名称 | 成分重量(g) |
醋酸地塞米松 | 0.75 |
硬脂酸 | 100 |
十六醇 | 45 |
羊毛脂 | 10 |
丙二醇 | 150 |
十二烷基硫酸钠 | 5 |
三乙醇胺 | 7 |
蒸馏水 | 补加至1000 |
制法:取油相成分醋酸地塞米松、硬脂酸、十六醇、羊毛脂加温熔融,保温70-80℃,形成油相液。将水相成分丙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、三乙醇胺、蒸馏水加温至70-80℃,形成水相液。将油相液缓缓加入到水相液中,不断搅拌至定型即得。
实施例11临床试用评价
选取皮肤发红、发痒、局部干燥爆皮或者局部丘疹志愿者30人,随机分成3组,每组10人,1组使用本发明实施例10的乳膏,1组使用本发明对比例1的乳膏,以上两组受试者每天涂抹两次,早晚各一次,在洗净皮肤并擦干后涂抹。另外1组为空白组,不施用任何产品。
试用结果见表6:
由以上临床观察结果可知,在涂抹本发明实施例10的乳膏一周后,过敏症状明显得到缓解,几乎都恢复到正常水平,说明本发明的组合物具有明显的抗炎、抗过敏功效,能够很好地舒缓皮肤的过敏症状。而涂抹对比例1的乳膏一周后,皮肤过敏症状仅得到部分缓解,直到涂抹三周,皮肤状态才恢复至正常。使用本发明的组合物具有比对比例1更好更快的效果,说明该预防、缓解或治疗过敏的外用组合物对于过敏皮肤有快速明显的效果,对过敏皮肤的受损细胞有修复作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,包含以质量百分比计0.1%-10%的四氢嘧啶或其衍生物,0.1%-20%的透明质酸或其衍生物,0.1%-5%的生物表面活性剂,以及0.01%-0.1%的ε-聚赖氨酸,余量为水或其它基质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述四氢嘧啶的衍生物为羟基四氢嘧啶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述四氢嘧啶或其衍生物的含量为2%-5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述的透明质酸或其衍生物的分子量为1×103Da-4×105Da。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述透明质酸或其衍生物选自透明质酸或其盐,或将透明质酸的羟基、羧基进行醚化、酯化、酰胺化、缩醛化、乙酰化而得到的透明质酸衍生物中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1、4或5所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述透明质酸或其衍生物的含量为5%-10%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述生物表面活性剂包括糖脂和/或脂肽。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述生物表面活性剂选自槐糖脂、蔗糖脂、鼠李糖脂、海藻糖脂、甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂、表面活性素、伊枯草菌素、芬芥素、地衣素中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1、7或8所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述生物表面活性剂的含量为1%-2%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防、缓解或治疗皮肤过敏的外用组合物,其特征在于所述ε-聚赖氨酸的含量为0.05%。
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