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CN110974246A - Device for measuring time characteristics of otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument - Google Patents

Device for measuring time characteristics of otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument Download PDF

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CN110974246A
CN110974246A CN201911237098.1A CN201911237098A CN110974246A CN 110974246 A CN110974246 A CN 110974246A CN 201911237098 A CN201911237098 A CN 201911237098A CN 110974246 A CN110974246 A CN 110974246A
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otoacoustic
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CN110974246B (en
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宋连有
马振
童国华
胡广勇
赵玉杰
薛梅
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BEIJING INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL DEVICE TESTING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/12—Audiometering
    • A61B5/121—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity
    • A61B5/125—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity objective methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/12—Audiometering
    • A61B5/121—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity
    • A61B5/125—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity objective methods
    • A61B5/126—Audiometering evaluating hearing capacity objective methods measuring compliance or mechanical impedance of the tympanic membrane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0223—Operational features of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors

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Abstract

The invention provides a device for measuring the time characteristic of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument, comprising: the test cavity is provided with a first volume and is used for being connected with a probe of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested, so that the probe can send out an ear-stimulating sound signal into the test cavity; a speaker connectable to the test chamber to output an externally applied stimulus acoustic signal to the test chamber; the signal generating device can respond to the ear sound stimulating signals emitted by the probe and generate electric signals for controlling the loudspeaker to emit sound; and the dual-trace oscilloscope is used for simultaneously acquiring the electric signal for controlling the loudspeaker to sound and the impedance electric signal output by the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested. The device can simulate the physiological response of normal human ear, namely, the acoustic impedance of human ear is changed due to the reflex contraction of stapedius muscle under the condition of acoustic stimulation, thereby providing conditions for measuring the time characteristic of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument.

Description

Device for measuring time characteristics of otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for testing an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter, in particular to a device for measuring the time characteristic of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter.
Background
An important application of otoacoustic impedance/admittance meters, also known as middle ear analyzers, for the understanding and diagnosis of middle ear inflammation, eustachian tube function and stapedius reflex, generally for the identification of conductive and mixed hearing loss, is the testing of acoustic reflex latency, i.e. the measurement of the time from the onset of acoustic stimulation to the change in acoustic immittance caused by stapedius contraction. The change of the acoustic immittance is measured by the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument, so the reaction time characteristic of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument is crucial to the measurement of the latency.
In the testing process of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument, GB/T15953-1995 puts a definite requirement on the time characteristic of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument, and needs to ensure that the excitation of a sound source is equivalent to the reduction of a cavity by 0.2cm through a proper switching circuit3Signal level "of. However, since the measurement of the temporal characteristics involves acoustic immittance changes caused by the stapedius reflex, which is a physiological phenomenon and occurs only in the physiological ear, the measurement of the temporal characteristics of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter has always been a technical bottleneck. Currently, there is no device for testing the time characteristics of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the time characteristics of an ear sound impedance/admittance instrument, which can simulate the physiological response of normal human ears and meets the measurement requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The present invention provides in a first aspect an apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter, comprising:
the test cavity is provided with a first volume and is used for being connected with a probe of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested, so that the probe can send out an ear-stimulating sound signal into the test cavity;
a speaker connectable to the test chamber to output an externally applied stimulus acoustic signal to the test chamber;
the signal generating device can respond to the ear sound stimulating signals emitted by the probe and generate electric signals for controlling the loudspeaker to emit sound;
and the dual-trace oscilloscope acquires the electric signal for controlling the loudspeaker to sound through the first channel and acquires the impedance electric signal output by the to-be-tested ear sound impedance/admittance instrument through the second channel.
Preferably, the test chamber is made of stainless steel.
Preferably, the first volume is 2cm3。
Preferably, the frequency of the ear acoustic signal which is sent to the test cavity by the probe of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested and stimulates the human ear is 226 Hz.
Preferably, the signal generating means comprises: the circuit comprises a pickup, an amplifier, a first filter, a voltage comparator, a second filter, an attenuator and an analog electronic switch.
Preferably, the sound pickup is connected with the test cavity and used for receiving the acoustic signal in the test cavity and converting the acoustic signal into an electric signal for output.
Preferably, the amplifier and the first filter are used for processing the electric signal output by the sound pick-up and outputting the electric signal to the voltage comparator; the voltage comparator converts the processed electric signals into square wave signals with the same frequency; the second filter is used for converting the square wave signal into a sinusoidal signal, and the sinusoidal signal is attenuated and then becomes a power supply signal controlled by the analog electronic switch.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a device for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter, comprising the steps of:
providing a test cavity with a first volume, and connecting the test cavity with a probe of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested, so that the probe can send out a sound signal for stimulating human ears into the test cavity;
providing a loudspeaker, and connecting the loudspeaker with the test cavity, so as to output an additional stimulation sound signal to the test cavity;
providing a signal generating device, wherein the signal generating device comprises a sound pick-up, an amplifier, a first filter, a voltage comparator, a second filter, an attenuator and an analog electronic switch which are sequentially connected; the sound pickup is connected with the testing cavity;
and providing a dual-trace oscilloscope, and connecting the dual-trace oscilloscope with the electric signal output end of the signal generating device through a first channel, and connecting the dual-trace oscilloscope with the impedance electric signal output end of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested through a second channel.
Through the technical scheme, the device of the invention adds a stimulation signal with the same frequency, so that the excitation of the sound source is equivalent to the reduction of the cavity by 0.2cm3The response time is measured by presenting a stimulus variation with a rise and fall time of 5ms in the equivalent volume for at least 1s, meeting the test requirements of GB/T15953-1995 standard on the temporal behavior of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance meter. Thus, the present invention is able to mimic the physiological response of a normal human ear, i.e. the acoustic impedance changes of the human ear caused by the reflex contraction of the stapedius muscle under acoustic stimulation conditions. By realizing the change of the impedance, conditions are provided for the measurement of the time characteristic of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of time response parameters of the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the acoustic signal transmission of the device of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, under the test conditions specified in GB/T15953-1995, the supra-aural acoustic impedance/admittance meter was measured from T by testing the intracavity response to the stepwise input changes0Total time characteristics of start. Measuring the total time characteristic by connecting the probe to 2cm3A hard-walled cavity. Probe signal extraction telecommunicationsThe miniature acoustic source of the horn excitation should be ported into the cavity close to the probe. By means of a suitable switching circuit, the excitation of the sound source should be such that a reduction of the volume by 0.2cm is achieved3The signal level of (a). Response times were measured as in fig. 1 with rise and fall times in the equivalent volume of 5ms, presented for at least 1s of stimulus change. The power output to be tested is connected with the specified lowest load impedance and receives a channel of the double-trace oscilloscope; or a Y-T recorder with an upper frequency limit of at least 20Hz (-3 dB).
The dashed lines in fig. 1 represent overshoot and undershoot, expressed in percentage:
Figure BDA0002305166530000031
or
Figure BDA0002305166530000032
And
Figure BDA0002305166530000033
or
Figure BDA0002305166530000034
T aboveiInitial latency, defined as the time in seconds from the start of the segment of simulated input impedance/admittance to the measurement of a steady state impedance change of 10%;
trthe rise time is defined as the time for measuring the steady state impedance/admittance change from 10% to 90%, and the unit is second;
Ttfor termination latency, defined as the time from the simulated sectional termination change of the input impedance/admittance to the measured steady state impedance/admittance change by 90%;
tfthe fall time is defined as the time measured after the initial impedance change is terminated, the stable impedance/admittance change is from 90% to 10%, the unit is second;
ΔV5input impedance/admittance analog section variation;
ΔZa，ΔYafor impedance/admittance when analogue input variations are switched "on" or "offStably writing the upper value change;
ΔZa0，ΔYa0measuring overshoot of the transient simulation response of the value before reaching stability when the analog input change is switched to be 'on';
ΔZau，ΔYauthe overshoot of the transient simulated aging response is measured before reaching stability when the analog input change is switched to "off".
Overshoot and undershoot are expressed as a percentage of the change in the steady state value.
The reaction parameters did not exceed 50ms at various times.
Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for measuring the time characteristic of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to the invention, which indirectly changes the measured impedance from the impedance measurement point of view, i.e. by applying a stimulus signal of the same frequency, the excitation of the acoustic source should be such that the cavity is reduced by 0.2cm3The signal level of (a). Presentation of stimulation changes with rise and fall times of 5ms in equivalent volumes for at least 1s as per fig. 1. The device is mainly characterized in that the device meets the standard requirements through a proper switching circuit after receiving an acoustic stimulation signal, and the designed device can simulate the acoustic reflection effect of a physiological ear so as to cause the acoustic impedance to change, thereby providing conditions for measuring the time characteristic of an ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument.
The device for measuring the time characteristic of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument comprises a test cavity, a loudspeaker, a signal generating device and a dual-trace oscilloscope.
The test cavity is provided with a first volume and is used for being connected with a probe of the to-be-tested ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument, so that the probe can send out a stimulating human ear acoustic signal in the test cavity.
The loudspeaker can be connected with the test cavity, so that an additional stimulation sound signal is output to the test cavity.
The signal generating device can respond to the ear sound stimulating signals emitted by the probe and generate electric signals for controlling the loudspeaker to emit sound.
The dual-trace oscilloscope obtains the electric signal for controlling the loudspeaker to sound through the first channel, and obtains the impedance electric signal output by the ear sound impedance/admittance instrument to be tested through the second channel.
In a preferred embodiment, the test chamber is made of stainless steel.
In a preferred embodiment, the first volume is 2cm3。
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency of the human ear acoustic stimulation signal emitted by the probe of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested to the test cavity is 226 Hz.
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency of the applied stimulus acoustic signal is substantially the same as the frequency of the stimulus acoustic signal, and the phase difference is constant. By controlling the frequency of the externally-added stimulation sound signal to be the same as that of the stimulation sound signal of the human ear, the phase difference is fixed and unchanged, and the externally-added stimulation sound signal and the stimulation sound signal can be superposed in the test cavity to obtain the effect of simulating the acoustic impedance change.
In a preferred embodiment, the signal generating means comprises: the circuit comprises a pickup, an amplifier, a first filter, a voltage comparator, a second filter, an attenuator and an analog electronic switch.
In a preferred embodiment, the sound pickup is connected to the test cavity, and is configured to receive an acoustic signal in the test cavity and convert the acoustic signal into an electrical signal for output.
In a preferred embodiment, the amplifier and the first filter are used for processing the electric signal output by the sound pickup and outputting the electric signal to the voltage comparator; the voltage comparator converts the processed electric signals into square wave signals with the same frequency; the second filter is used for converting the square wave signal into a sinusoidal signal, and the sinusoidal signal is attenuated and then becomes a power supply signal controlled by the analog electronic switch.
The acoustic signal transmission process is shown in fig. 3. The probe of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument sends 226Hz and 85dB stimulation acoustic signals, and the microphone of the sound pick-up receives the signals in the test cavity and converts the acoustic signals into electric signals to be output. The output electrical signal is of low power and mixed with other frequency noise and therefore cannot be used directly as the electrical input signal to the loudspeaker. The electric signal of adapter output becomes 226 Hz's electric signal through the processing of amplifier and wave filter, changes into the square wave signal of same frequency through overvoltage comparator afterwards, changes 226 Hz's sinusoidal signal through the wave filter again, and sinusoidal signal power does not receive the acoustic signal influence this moment, becomes the power signal of speaker after the decay, can be used for controlling the speaker sound production, and the adjustable power signal's of attenuator size makes the speaker send the acoustic signal of suitable sound pressure level.
A method of measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to the invention is described below. The method comprises the following steps:
step S1, providing a test cavity with a first volume, and connecting an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument probe to be tested with the test cavity;
step S2, providing a signal generator for outputting an additional signal, and connecting the output end of the signal generator with a loudspeaker, wherein the loudspeaker is used for emitting an acoustic signal to the test cavity;
step S3, providing a dual-trace oscilloscope, connecting a first probe of the dual-trace oscilloscope with the output end of the signal generator, and simultaneously connecting a second probe of the dual-trace oscilloscope with the measurement result output end of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument;
step S4, using the otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter to output a stimulation signal to the test cavity; outputting a specific external signal to the test cavity by using the signal generator, wherein the specific external signal can cause index change of the test cavity so as to simulate the change of acoustic impedance;
and step S5, testing the time characteristic of the ear sound impedance/admittance instrument by using the dual-trace oscilloscope.
In a preferred embodiment, the first volume of the test chamber is 2cm3。
In a preferred embodiment, the applied signal output by the signal generator has the same frequency as the stimulus signal output by the probe of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter.
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency of the stimulation signal is 226 Hz.
In a preferred embodiment, the specific applied signal in step S4 can cause the pressure or volume of the test chamber or the time for receiving the reflected sound to change, thereby simulating the change in acoustic impedance.
In a preferred embodiment, the specific applied signal in step S4 has a decrease of 0.2cm corresponding to the test chamber3The signal level of (a).
In a preferred embodiment, the volume of the second test chamber is 0.2cm less than the volume of the first test chamber3。
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency of the acoustic signal output by the test speaker to the first test chamber and the second test chamber is 226 Hz.
In a preferred embodiment, the sound pressure levels within the first and second test chambers are measured using simulated ears.
The method of manufacturing the apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to the present invention will be described below. The method comprises the following steps:
providing a test cavity with a first volume, and connecting the test cavity with a probe of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested, so that the probe can send out a sound signal for stimulating human ears into the test cavity;
providing a loudspeaker, and connecting the loudspeaker with the test cavity, so as to output an additional stimulation sound signal to the test cavity;
providing a signal generating device, wherein the signal generating device comprises a sound pick-up, an amplifier, a first filter, a voltage comparator, a second filter, an attenuator and an analog electronic switch which are sequentially connected; the sound pickup is connected with the testing cavity;
and providing a dual-trace oscilloscope, and connecting the dual-trace oscilloscope with the electric signal output end of the signal generating device through a first channel, and connecting the dual-trace oscilloscope with the impedance electric signal output end of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested through a second channel.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any modifications or equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims (9)

1. An apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter, comprising:
the test cavity is provided with a first volume and is used for being connected with a probe of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested, so that the probe can send out an ear-stimulating sound signal into the test cavity;
a speaker connectable to the test chamber to output an externally applied stimulus acoustic signal to the test chamber;
the signal generating device can respond to the ear sound stimulating signals emitted by the probe and generate electric signals for controlling the loudspeaker to emit sound;
and the dual-trace oscilloscope acquires the electric signal for controlling the loudspeaker to sound through the first channel and acquires the impedance electric signal output by the to-be-tested ear sound impedance/admittance instrument through the second channel.
2. An apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to claim 1, wherein the test chamber is made of stainless steel.
3. An apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to claim 1, wherein the first volume is 2cm3。
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probe of the otoacoustic impedance/admittance apparatus under test emits a human-stimulating otoacoustic signal to the test cavity at a frequency of 226 Hz.
5. An apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of otoacoustic impedance/admittance apparatus according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the frequency of the applied stimulus acoustic signal is the same as the frequency of the stimulus acoustic signal, and the phase difference is constant.
6. An apparatus for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter according to claim 5, wherein the signal generating means comprises: the circuit comprises a pickup, an amplifier, a first filter, a voltage comparator, a second filter, an attenuator and an analog electronic switch.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the microphone is connected to the test chamber, and is configured to receive the acoustic signal from the test chamber and convert the acoustic signal into an electrical signal for output.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the amplifier and the first filter are used for processing the electrical signal outputted from the microphone and outputting the processed electrical signal to the voltage comparator; the voltage comparator converts the processed electric signals into square wave signals with the same frequency; the second filter is used for converting the square wave signal into a sinusoidal signal, and the sinusoidal signal is attenuated and then becomes a power supply signal controlled by the electronic switch.
9. A method of manufacturing a device for measuring the time characteristics of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance meter, comprising the steps of:
providing a test cavity with a first volume, and connecting the test cavity with a probe of an otoacoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested, so that the probe can send out a sound signal for stimulating human ears into the test cavity;
providing a loudspeaker, and connecting the loudspeaker with the test cavity, so as to output an additional stimulation sound signal to the test cavity;
providing a signal generating device, wherein the signal generating device comprises a sound pick-up, an amplifier, a first filter, a voltage comparator, a second filter, an attenuator and an analog electronic switch which are sequentially connected; the sound pickup is connected with the testing cavity;
and providing a dual-trace oscilloscope, and connecting the dual-trace oscilloscope with the electric signal output end of the signal generating device through a first channel, and connecting the dual-trace oscilloscope with the impedance electric signal output end of the ear acoustic impedance/admittance instrument to be tested through a second channel.
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EP0674874A2 (en) * 1994-02-14 1995-10-04 Entomed Ab Method and device for testing the reflexes of the stapedius
US6295467B1 (en) * 1996-07-18 2001-09-25 Birger Kollmeier Method and device for detecting a reflex of the human stapedius muscle
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