CN110940621B - Method for identifying form of condensed liquid bead based on infrared technology - Google Patents
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/1022—Measurement of deformation of individual particles by non-optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/1024—Counting particles by non-optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/103—Particle shape
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying the form of a condensed liquid bead based on an infrared technology, which comprises the steps of firstly, accurately measuring the temperature of a condensed surface by the infrared technology through correction, then, obtaining the complete temperature distribution of the condensed surface by the infrared technology, and further, causing the edge of the condensed liquid bead to present a larger temperature gradient due to the difference of the surface emissivity of the condensed liquid bead covered and the surface emissivity of the condensed liquid bead uncovered. The method provided by the invention is not influenced by polishing and reflecting, and the liquid bead identification is more accurate. The method of the invention can not only obtain the morphological characteristics of the condensed liquid beads, but also obtain the surface temperature distribution characteristics of the liquid beads.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of recognition of bead or bead-like condensed liquid bead forms, and particularly provides a method for recognizing the condensed liquid bead forms based on an infrared technology.
Background
Compared with film-shaped condensation, the bead-like condensation or bead condensation has higher heat transfer efficiency, and the research on the characteristics of the condensation form has important significance for revealing the condensation mechanism, explaining the heat exchange characteristics and the like. In the conventional research on the recognition of the form of the condensed liquid bead, a high-speed camera based on the visible light technology is generally used for shooting and recognizing.
The existing method has at least the following disadvantages:
1. when a liquid bead is photographed by using a high-speed camera or the like, the condensation surface needs to be polished, and the polishing effect has a great influence on the result of the liquid bead shape recognition.
2. In the process of liquid bead shooting, a plurality of liquid beads can reflect light, and the information statistics of the morphological characteristics of the liquid beads is seriously influenced.
Therefore, a new method for identifying the form of the condensed liquid bead is sought to accurately identify the form of the condensed liquid bead and accurately count the form characteristic information, which is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for identifying the form of the condensed liquid bead based on an infrared technology, which realizes the identification of the form of the condensed liquid bead by utilizing the sensitivity of the infrared technology and the characteristic that a larger temperature gradient exists at the edge of the condensed liquid bead. The method provided by the invention is not influenced by polishing and reflecting, and the liquid bead identification is more accurate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying the form of a condensed liquid bead based on an infrared technology comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, installing a thermal infrared imager above the measured condensation surface, and then sequentially carrying out infrared technology correction according to the steps S2 and S3;
s2: arranging a thermocouple on the condensation surface, covering the condensation working medium water-alcohol mixed working medium to be identified on the condensation surface, neglecting the absorption effect of air on infrared rays due to close-range shooting, and considering the transmissivity as air transmissivity, namely 1, because infrared glass is not installed; as shown in the formula (2.2), when the temperature measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology, namely TobjWhen the temperature is the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple, the emissivity of the condensation surface is obtained; then selecting the emissivity of the condensation surface to ensure that the temperature of a point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of a target measured by an infrared technology; continuously changing the temperature of the condensation surface, finally obtaining the emissivity of the condensation surface if the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology, or else, selecting the emissivity of the condensation surface again until the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology;
s3: installing infrared glass above the condensing surface, disposing a plurality of thermocouples below the condensing surface, and substituting the emissivity of the condensing surface obtained based on the correction of step S2 into equation (3) when the average temperature measured by the thermocouples below the condensing surface coincides with the target temperature measured by the infrared technique, i.e., TobjIs a thermocouple below the condensing surfaceWhen the average temperature is measured, the infrared glass transmittance is obtained; heating the condensation surface by using steam generated by a boiler, and selecting the transmissivity of infrared glass when the steam is condensed on the condensation surface and a condensation liquid film completely covers the condensation surface, so that the average temperature measured by a thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by an infrared technology; then the steam temperature is continuously changed, if the average temperature measured by the thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by the infrared technology, the infrared glass transmissivity tau is finally obtainedαOtherwise, the infrared glass transmissivity is selected again until the average temperature measured by the thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by the infrared technology;
s4: performing condensation experiment of pure water vapor bead or water-alcohol mixed vapor bead, and correcting the obtained condensation surface emissivity and infrared glass transmittance tau based on the step S2 and the step S3αSubstituting into equation (1) to obtain the measured condensing surface temperature Tobj;
The expressions (2.1) and (3) are directly derived from the expression (1), and the expression (2.2) is a specific example of the expression (2.1), and in this case, the absorption of infrared rays by air is ignored for the short-range imaging, and the transmittance is considered as the air transmittance because no infrared glass is mounted, that is, 1, and the reflection temperature T 'is considered for the condensing surface in the atmospheric environment'reflAtmospheric temperature, so equation (2.1) is reduced to equation (2.2); t isobjTo select the emissivity of the condensing surfaceAnd the target temperature measured by the infrared technology after the infrared glass transmittance; is the condensation surface emissivity; tau isαThe transmittance is the infrared glass transmittance, and if the infrared glass is not installed, the transmittance is the atmospheric transmittance; t'objThe target temperature is measured by the infrared technology when the emissivity of the condensation surface and the transmissivity of the infrared glass are both 1; t isreflThe reflection temperature is the vapor temperature because of the large amount of vapor around the condensation surface; n-3.9889; t isatmIs at atmospheric temperature; t'reflThe reflection temperature when the infrared glass transmittance is 1 and the condensing surface is in the atmospheric environment is the atmospheric temperature;
s5: deriving the condensation surface temperature obtained in step S4, and drawing a condensation surface temperature distribution map using drawing software;
s6: and (4) carrying out gray level processing on the condensation surface temperature distribution diagram obtained in the step (S5), increasing the contrast of the image, identifying the edge of the condensation liquid bead according to the color difference, and then counting the number of the liquid beads on the condensation surface and the radius of different liquid beads.
Step S3 is to obtain the transmittance of the ir glass by calibration, and although the manufacturer of the ir glass may provide the transmittance of the ir glass and other parameters, in the experiment, a large amount of vapor exists above the condensing surface, which absorbs the infrared rays emitted from the condensing surface, and this influence is converted into the transmittance of the ir glass, and the transmittance information provided by the manufacturer may have errors, so that the transmittance of the ir glass in the experimental environment needs to be obtained by calibration.
Preferably, in step S4, the infrared glass is heated before the experiment is started, so as to prevent steam from condensing on the bottom of the infrared glass and affecting the shooting effect.
In step S6, the principle of the recognition of the condensation bead is that the emissivity of the surface covered with the condensation bead is about 0.95, and the emissivity of the surface uncovered with the condensation bead is about 0.6, and the difference between the emissivity of the surface uncovered with the condensation bead and the emissivity of the surface uncovered with the condensation bead presents a large temperature gradient (about 15 ℃/mm) at the edge of the condensation bead, which is a key feature for recognizing the contour of the condensation bead. The temperature gradient can be used to identify the condensation bead outline, so as to obtain the shape information (size, quantity, etc.) of the condensation bead.
The invention provides a condensed liquid bead form identification method based on an infrared technology, which is not influenced by polishing and reflecting and has more accurate liquid bead identification. The method can not only obtain the morphological characteristics of the condensed liquid beads, but also obtain the surface temperature distribution characteristics of the liquid beads.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying the morphology of a coagulated liquid bead based on infrared technology.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the recognition effect of the method for recognizing the form of the condensation liquid bead based on the infrared technique according to the present invention, in which fig. 2(a) is a diagram showing a temperature distribution of the condensation surface drawn based on the derived temperature data of the condensation surface, i.e., an original recognition diagram, and fig. 2(b) is a diagram showing the recognition effect obtained.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for identifying the form of the condensed liquid bead based on the infrared technology of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, installing a thermal infrared imager above the measured condensation surface, and then sequentially carrying out infrared technology correction according to the steps S2 and S3;
s2: arranging a thermocouple on the condensation surface, covering the condensation working medium water-alcohol mixed working medium to be identified on the condensation surface, neglecting the absorption effect of air on infrared rays due to close-range shooting, and considering the transmissivity as air transmissivity, namely 1, because infrared glass is not installed; as shown in the formula (2.2), when the temperature measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology, namely TobjWhen the temperature is the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple, the emissivity of the condensation surface is obtained; then selecting the emissivity of the condensation surface to ensure that the temperature of a point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of a target measured by an infrared technology; then the temperature of the condensing surface is continuously changed, if the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology, the emissivity of the condensing surface is finally obtained, otherwise, the emissivity of the condensing surface is selected again until the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technologySo that;
s3: installing infrared glass above the condensing surface, disposing a plurality of thermocouples below the condensing surface, and substituting the emissivity of the condensing surface obtained based on the correction of step S2 into equation (3) when the average temperature measured by the thermocouples below the condensing surface coincides with the target temperature measured by the infrared technique, i.e., TobjObtaining the infrared glass transmittance when the average temperature is measured by a thermocouple below the condensation surface; heating the condensation surface by using steam generated by a boiler, and selecting the transmissivity of infrared glass when the steam is condensed on the condensation surface and a condensation liquid film completely covers the condensation surface, so that the average temperature measured by a thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by an infrared technology; then the steam temperature is continuously changed, if the average temperature measured by the thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by the infrared technology, the infrared glass transmissivity tau is finally obtainedαOtherwise, the infrared glass transmissivity is selected again until the average temperature measured by the thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by the infrared technology;
s4: performing condensation experiment of pure water vapor bead or water-alcohol mixed vapor bead, and correcting the obtained condensation surface emissivity and infrared glass transmittance tau based on the step S2 and the step S3αSubstituting into equation (1) to obtain the measured condensing surface temperature Tobj;
Wherein, the formulas (2.1) and (3) are directly derived from the formula (1), and the formula (2.2) is the formula (2.1)In a specific example, the absorption of infrared rays by air is ignored in the case of short-range imaging, the transmittance is considered to be the air transmittance, i.e., 1, since no infrared glass is mounted, and the reflection temperature T ' is considered to be the reflection temperature T ' since the condensation surface is in the atmospheric environment 'reflAtmospheric temperature, so equation (2.1) is reduced to equation (2.2); t isobjSelecting the target temperature measured by the infrared technology after the emissivity of the condensation surface and the transmissivity of the infrared glass are selected; is the condensation surface emissivity; tau isαThe transmittance is the infrared glass transmittance, and if the infrared glass is not installed, the transmittance is the atmospheric transmittance; t'objThe target temperature is measured by the infrared technology when the emissivity of the condensation surface and the transmissivity of the infrared glass are both 1; t isreflThe reflection temperature is the vapor temperature because of the large amount of vapor around the condensation surface; n-3.9889; t isatmIs at atmospheric temperature; t'reflThe reflection temperature when the infrared glass transmittance is 1 and the condensing surface is in the atmospheric environment is the atmospheric temperature;
s5: deriving the condensation surface temperature obtained in step S4, and drawing a condensation surface temperature distribution map using drawing software;
s6: and (4) carrying out gray level processing on the condensation surface temperature distribution diagram obtained in the step (S5), increasing the contrast of the image, identifying the edge of the condensation liquid bead according to the color difference, and then counting the number of the liquid beads on the condensation surface and the radius of different liquid beads.
In step S4, the infrared glass is heated before the experiment is started to prevent steam from condensing on the bottom of the infrared glass and affecting the shooting effect.
As shown in fig. 2(a), the identification original is a condensation surface temperature distribution map drawn based on the derived condensation surface temperature data. FIG. 2(b) is a graph of the obtained recognition effect, and the number of the beads on the coagulation surface and the radius of different beads are counted according to the graph. By comparing fig. 2(a) and fig. 2(b), it can be found that the present invention has an excellent recognition effect of the form of the coagulated liquid bead based on the infrared technique.
Claims (2)
1. A method for identifying the form of a condensed liquid bead based on an infrared technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, installing a thermal infrared imager above the measured condensation surface, and then sequentially carrying out infrared technology correction according to the steps S2 and S3;
s2: arranging a thermocouple on the condensation surface, covering the water-alcohol mixed working medium to be identified on the condensation surface, so that the short-distance shooting is carried out, the absorption effect of air on infrared rays is ignored, and the transmissivity is considered as air transmissivity, namely 1, because infrared glass is not installed; as shown in the formula (2.2), when the temperature measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology, namely TobjWhen the temperature is the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple, the emissivity of the condensation surface is obtained; then selecting the emissivity of the condensation surface to ensure that the temperature of a point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of a target measured by an infrared technology; continuously changing the temperature of the condensation surface, finally obtaining the emissivity of the condensation surface if the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology, or else, selecting the emissivity of the condensation surface again until the temperature of the point measured by the thermocouple is consistent with the temperature of the target measured by the infrared technology;
s3: installing infrared glass above the condensing surface, disposing a plurality of thermocouples below the condensing surface, and substituting the emissivity of the condensing surface obtained based on the correction of step S2 into equation (3) when the average temperature measured by the thermocouples below the condensing surface coincides with the target temperature measured by the infrared technique, i.e., TobjObtaining the infrared glass transmittance when the average temperature is measured by a thermocouple below the condensation surface; heating the condensation surface by steam generated by a boiler, and selecting the transmissivity of infrared glass when the steam is condensed on the condensation surface and a condensation liquid film completely covers the condensation surface, so that the average temperature measured by a thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by an infrared technology; then the steam temperature is continuously changed, if the average temperature measured by the thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by the infrared technology, the infrared glass transmissivity tau is finally obtainedαOtherwise, the infrared glass transmissivity is selected again until the average temperature measured by the thermocouple below the condensation surface is consistent with the target temperature measured by the infrared technology;
s4: to carry out the purificationThe condensation experiment of water vapor beads or water-alcohol mixed vapor beads includes correcting the obtained condensation surface emissivity and infrared glass transmittance tau based on the steps S2 and S3αSubstituting into equation (1) to obtain the measured condensing surface temperature Tobj;
The expressions (2.1) and (3) are directly derived from the expression (1), while the expression (2.2) is a specific example of the expression (2.1), and in this case, since the short-range imaging is performed, the absorption of infrared rays by air is ignored, and since no infrared glass is mounted, the transmittance is considered as the air transmittance, i.e., 1, and since the condensation surface is in the atmospheric environment, the reflection temperature T 'is considered'reflAtmospheric temperature, so equation (2.1) is reduced to equation (2.2); t isobjSelecting the target temperature measured by the infrared technology after the emissivity of the condensation surface and the transmissivity of the infrared glass are selected; is the condensation surface emissivity; tau isαThe transmittance is the infrared glass transmittance, and if the infrared glass is not installed, the transmittance is the atmospheric transmittance; t'objThe target temperature is measured by the infrared technology when the emissivity of the condensation surface and the transmissivity of the infrared glass are both 1; t isreflThe reflection temperature is the vapor temperature because of the large amount of vapor around the condensation surface; n-3.9889; t isatmIs at atmospheric temperature; t'reflThe reflection temperature when the infrared glass transmittance is 1 and the condensing surface is in the atmospheric environment is the atmospheric temperature;
s5: deriving the condensation surface temperature obtained in step S4, and drawing a condensation surface temperature distribution map using drawing software;
s6: and (4) carrying out gray level processing on the condensation surface temperature distribution diagram obtained in the step (S5), increasing the contrast of the image, identifying the edge of the condensation liquid bead according to the color difference, and then counting the number of the liquid beads on the condensation surface and the radius of different liquid beads.
2. The method for identifying the morphology of the condensed liquid bead based on the infrared technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the infrared glass is heated before the experiment is started, so as to prevent the vapor from condensing on the bottom of the infrared glass and affecting the shooting effect.
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