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CN110945661A - Photochromic conversion layer and display device with same - Google Patents

Photochromic conversion layer and display device with same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110945661A
CN110945661A CN201880049837.1A CN201880049837A CN110945661A CN 110945661 A CN110945661 A CN 110945661A CN 201880049837 A CN201880049837 A CN 201880049837A CN 110945661 A CN110945661 A CN 110945661A
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nanoparticles
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CN201880049837.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马克·保斯托米斯
米歇尔·达米科
林雨朴
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Nexdot
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Nexdot
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
    • H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/20—Lamp housings
    • G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
    • G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
    • G03B21/204—LED or laser light sources using secondary light emission, e.g. luminescence or fluorescence
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C09K11/025—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor non-luminescent particle coatings or suspension media
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/88—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements
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    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/133605—Direct backlight including specially adapted reflectors
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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    • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
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    • H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
    • H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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    • H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
    • H10K50/865—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. light-blocking layers
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-color conversion layer (4), wherein the light-color conversion layer (4) comprises at least one luminescent material (7) comprising at least one composite particle (1) which is partially or completely coated by at least one medium (71); wherein the luminescent material (7) is operative to be excited to emit light and the at least one composite particle (1) comprises a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material; and wherein the inorganic material (2) has a difference in refractive index at 450nm, compared to the at least one medium (71), of greater than or equal to 0.02. The invention also relates to the use thereof in a display device.

Description

Photochromic conversion layer and display device with same
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a light color conversion layer using light emitting composite particles to achieve high efficiency and a display device thereof.
Background
Projectors for presentations or digital cinema are equipped with multiple light sources. With the development of technology and the integration of Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology, light sources thereof have come to use Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) or laser sources instead of mercury or halogen lamps in combination with Liquid Crystal Devices (LCDs). Compared to conventional projectors, LED-based projectors have many advantages, as they have the advantages of low power consumption, long lifetime, and better viewing experience (e.g., higher contrast).
As is known from the prior art, the projector may further comprise a phosphor component which is excited by the primary light emitted from the light source to emit secondary light having a different color or wavelength with respect to the primary light.
From the prior art we know the document US 9,575,401. This document describes a light source device for a projector, the light source device including: at least one light source configured to emit primary light; and a first optical system comprising at least one aspherical mirror configured to convert a primary light beam from at least one light source into a parallel light beam; an output unit including at least one light emitter configured to emit secondary light when excited from a light source; a second optical system comprising at least one concave reflective surface configured to collect the lost primary light onto the at least one light emitter of the output unit. The output unit includes a rotating wheel having a phosphor layer deposited thereon, the rotating wheel being configured to rotate about a predetermined rotation axis extending in a direction perpendicular to a surface thereof.
However, these phosphors have a substantial full width at half maximum, typically greater than 70 nanometers. This leads to poor color purity, color unsaturation in the final display and lighting device, and energy loss. In fact, new technologies require secondary light with a narrow emission spectrum to increase color purity and reduce energy loss. This will allow highly saturated shades with bright, intense colors, while less saturated shades appear flat and dull.
In addition, since the excitation light is applied to a certain position of the phosphor layer for a long time, the phosphor layer may be deteriorated, that is, the phosphor layer exhibits poor stability for long-term use.
In a display device using a phosphor, it is known to use quantum dots instead. Quantum dots have a narrow fluorescence spectrum, a maximum width of 30nm at full width half maximum, and can offer the possibility of emission in the entire visible spectrum as well as in infrared, and a single excitation source of ultraviolet or blue light can be used.
However, there is a need for a material that can be used for a long period of time when subjected to a long-term excitation from a light source, i.e. has a high stability in time and temperature at high photon flux. In fact, the nanoparticles must be able to withstand temperatures up to 200 ℃ and constant high intensity illumination.
To ensure a high long-term stability, further chemical reactions between the nanoparticle surface and environmentally deteriorating species (e.g. water, oxygen or other harmful compounds) must be prevented during use. However, the ligands typically used to functionalize the quantum dot surface do not effectively protect the surface from reaction with deteriorating species or harmful compounds, and thus do not achieve the long-term performance required for display or lighting devices.
Furthermore, it is also desirable to prevent degradation of these nanoparticles at high temperatures. Indeed, continuous high intensity irradiation may cause an increase in the temperature of the nanoparticles themselves and/or the environment of the nanoparticles.
The present invention relates to providing a light color conversion layer, a color conversion layer, comprising low density luminescent particles, such as quantum dots, having the same efficiency and thickness. The invention also relates to increasing the amount of light converted from primary light to secondary light by means of said particles. The invention also relates to a photochromic conversion layer that can control the scattering and absorption of incident light.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a light color conversion layer comprising composite particles. The composite particles include a plurality of nanoparticles, particularly fluorescent nanoparticles, encapsulated in an inorganic material. Inorganic material forming protective shell: i) preventing deterioration due to deteriorating species, harmful compounds or high temperature; ii) discharging the inorganic nanoparticles and the heat and charge generated by the light source. Furthermore, the composite particles may act as scatterers, so that the generated light may be emitted in all directions. The photochromic conversion layer may be combined with a light source used in a projector. The combination will provide an intense composite light comprising a narrow fluorescence spectrum instead of using quantum dots or conventional phosphors.
Disclosure of Invention
[ SUMMARY ]
The invention relates to a light-color conversion layer comprising at least one luminescent material, comprising at least one composite particle which is partially or completely surrounded by at least one medium; wherein the luminescent material is configured to emit secondary light when excited, and wherein the at least one composite particle comprises a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material; and wherein the inorganic material has a refractive index at 450nm better than or equal to 0.02 compared to the at least one medium.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material limits or prevents diffusion of external molecular species or fluids (liquid or gas) into the inorganic material.
According to one embodiment, at least one composite particle in at least one medium is configured to scatter light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one composite particle in the at least one medium is configured as a waveguide.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer absorbs at least 70% of incident light at a thickness of less than or equal to 5 μm, wherein the wavelength of the incident light is in the range of 370 to 470 nm.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles contained in at least one of the composite particles comprise formula MxNyEzAwThe semiconductor nanocrystal of a core of a material of (a), wherein: m is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof. A is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof. And X, Y, Z and W are decimals independently from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 simultaneously.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal includes at least one shell comprising formula MxNyEzAwThe material of (1), wherein: m is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof. A is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof. And X, Y, Z and W are decimals independently from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 simultaneously.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, at least one of the media is optically transparent.
According to one embodiment, the at least one medium has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.1W/(mK) under standard conditions.
According to one embodiment, the at least one medium is a solid body material or a fluid.
The invention further relates to a display device comprising at least one light source, a rotating wheel comprising at least two areas, wherein at least one area comprises at least one light color conversion layer according to the invention. And an optical modulation system; wherein the light source is configured to provide excitation light for the at least one light color conversion layer, and wherein the optical modulation system is configured to reflect light emitted by the rotating wheel.
According to one embodiment, the optical modulation system is configured to reflect light emitted by the rotating wheel to the screen.
According to one embodiment, the display device further comprises a screen.
According to one embodiment, the optical modulation system is a digital micromirror device.
[ DEFINITIONS ]
In the present invention, the following terms have the following meanings:
an "array" refers to a series, a matrix, a collection, an organization, a collection, or a combination of elements, wherein the elements are arranged in a particular manner.
"core" refers to the portion of the innermost layer of a particle.
By "shell" is meant a material in which the inner layer is partially or completely covered by the outer core layer and has a thickness of at least one atomic layer.
By "encapsulated" is meant a material that surrounds, embeds, contains, includes, covers, encases, or encases a plurality of nanoparticles.
"uniformly dispersed" means between particles, not aggregated, not in contact, and separated by inorganic materials. Each nanoparticle is spaced apart from adjacent nanoparticles by an average minimum distance.
"colloid" means a homogeneous mixture of particles and a medium in which the dispersed particles, stably suspended and dispersed in a medium, do not settle or take a long time to settle, but are insoluble in the medium.
"colloidal particles" means particles that can be dispersed, suspended, or precipitated in another medium (e.g., water or an organic solvent) without settling or taking a long time to settle, and that are insoluble in the medium. "colloidal particles" does not refer to particles grown on a substrate.
"impermeable" refers to a material that limits or prevents the diffusion of foreign molecules or fluids (liquids or gases) into the interior of the material.
"permeable" refers to a material that allows diffusion of an external molecule or fluid (liquid or gas) into the material.
"extrinsic molecule or fluid (liquid or gas)" means that the molecule or fluid (liquid or gas) is located outside the material or particle.
By "adjacent nanoparticles" is meant nanoparticles that are adjacent in one space or volume without any other nanoparticles between the adjacent nanoparticles.
"fill rate" refers to the ratio of the volume of the filler material to the volume of the space being filled. The terms of packing fraction, bulk density and packing density are interchangeable in the present invention.
"Loading rate" refers to the mass ratio in space between the mass of the referenced collection and the mass of the space.
A "particle population" refers to a group of particles having the same emission wavelength.
"group" refers to an assemblage of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, or 1000 in number selected by a particular method. This set of clusters is used to define the average characteristics of the objects, such as their average size, average particle size distribution or average distance between them.
By "surfactant-free" is meant particles that do not contain any surfactants or surface active molecules, and that have not been synthesized via a process that involves the use of surfactants.
"optically transparent" means that a material has an absorbance of less than 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, 0.99%, 0.98%, 0.97%, 0.96%, 0.95%, 0.94%, 0.93%, 0.92%, 0.91%, 0.9%, 0.89%, 0.88%, 0.87%, 0.86%, 0.85%, 0.84%, 0.83%, 0.82%, 0.81%, 0.8%, 0.79%, 0.78%, 0.77%, 0.76%, 0.75%, 0.74%, 0.73%, 0.72%, 0.71%, 0.69%, 0.68%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.64%, 0.61%, 0.9%, 0.89%, 0.88%, 0.87%, 0.86%, 0.85%, 0.84%, 0.83%, 0.82%, 0.81%, 0.8%, 0.79%, 0.78%, 0.77%, 0.76%, 0.75%, 0.74%, 0.73%, 0.72%, 0.71%, 0.69%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.64%, 0.67%, 0.61%, 0.64%, 0., 0.6%, 0.59%, 0.58%, 0.57%, 0.56%, 0.55%, 0.54%, 0.53%, 0.52%, 0.51%, 0.5%, 0.49%, 0.48%, 0.47%, 0.46%, 0.45%, 0.44%, 0.43%, 0.42%, 0.41%, 0.4%, 0.39%, 0.38%, 0.37%, 0.36%, 0.35%, 0.34%, 0.33%, 0.32%, 0.31%, 0.3%, 0.29%, 0.28%, 0.27%, 0.26%, 0.25%, 0.24%, 0.23%, 0.22%, 0.21%, 0.2%, 0.19%, 0.18%, 0.17%, 0.16%, 0.15%, 0.14%, 0.13%, 0.12%, 0.11%, 0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.008%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.01%, 0.0000.04%, 0.01%, 0.0000.9%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.01%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.11%, 0.9%, 0.11%, 0.9.
"roughness" refers to the surface state of the particle. Surface irregularities may exist on the surface of a particle and are defined as the difference in the position of protrusions or depressions on the surface of the particle relative to the average position of the surface of the particle. All said surface irregularities constitute the roughness of the particles. The roughness is defined as the difference in height between the most prominent on the surface and the most depressed on the surface. If the surface of the particle is not uneven, the surface of the particle is smooth, i.e., has a roughness equal to or less than 0%, 0.0001%, 0.0002%, 0.0003%, 0.0004%, 0.0005%, 0.0006%, 0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.35%, 0.31%, 0.35%, 2%, 2.5% 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%.
"polydispersed" refers to particles or droplets of different sizes having a difference between their sizes of greater than or equal to 20%.
"monodisperse" refers to a collection of particles or droplets that preferably differ in size by less than 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%.
"narrow size distribution" refers to a size distribution of the population of particles that is less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40% compared to the average size.
"partial" means incomplete. In the case of ligand exchange, partial ligand exchange means that 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the surface ligands on one particle are successfully exchanged.
The terms "film", "layer" or "sheet" are interchangeable in the present invention.
"nanoplatelets" refers to nanoparticles of a two-dimensional shape wherein said nanoplatelets have a ratio (aspect ratio) between the size of the smallest dimension of the size and the size of the largest dimension of the size of at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, at least 8, at least 8.5, at least 9, at least 9.5, or at least 10.
By "oxygen-free" is meant a formulation, solution, film, composite or composition that is free of oxygen molecules (O)2) I.e. the weight ratio of oxygen molecules present in said formulation, solution, film, composite or composition is less than 100ppm, 10ppm, 5ppm, 4ppm, 3ppm, 2ppm, 1ppm, 500ppb, 300ppb or 100 ppb.
"Anhydrous" or "non-aqueous" means a formulation, solution, film or composite that does not contain water molecules (H)2O), i.e., a weight ratio wherein water molecules are present in said formulation, solution, film, or composite of less than about 100ppm, 50ppm, 10ppm, 5ppm, 4ppm, 3ppm, 2ppm, 1ppm, 500ppb, 300ppb, or 100 ppb.
"curvature" refers to the inverse of the radius of curvature.
"compliance with the RoHS Specification" means that the materials used in electronic and electric appliances comply with the 2011/65/EU directive of the European parliament and the directive of 6 months of 2011 of council 8 with respect to the restrictions on the use of certain harmful substances.
An "aqueous solvent" is defined as a unique phase solvent in which water is the predominant chemical species relative to other chemical species contained therein, either in molar ratios, mass ratios, or volume ratios. The aqueous solvent includes but is not limited to: water, a mixture of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylformamide, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or a mixture thereof.
"vapor" refers to a substance in a gaseous state that is in the form of a liquid or solid under standard conditions of normal pressure and temperature.
"reactive vapor" refers to a substance in a gaseous state that is in the form of a liquid or solid under standard conditions of normal pressure and temperature. Which in the presence of another chemical species, can produce a chemical reaction.
By "gas" is meant a substance that is gaseous under normal standard conditions of pressure and temperature.
"Standard conditions" means normal conditions of temperature and pressure, i.e., 273.15K and 105And (6) handkerchief.
"display device" refers to a device or apparatus that displays an image signal. A display device or display device includes all apparatus that displays an image, a series of pictures or video, such as, but not limited to, a television, a projector, a calculator monitor, a personal digital assistant, a mobile phone, an LCD display, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, an MP3 player, a CD player, a DVD player, a blu-ray player, a head-mounted display, glasses, a helmet, headwear, a smartwatch, a watch phone, or a smart device.
"Primary light" refers to light provided by a light source. For example, primary light refers to light supplied by a light source to a luminescent material.
"secondary light" refers to light emitted by a material upon excitation by absorbing the energy of the excitation. The excitation source is usually a light source, i.e. the excitation light is incident light. For example, the secondary light refers to light emitted from the composite particles, the luminescent material, or the nanoparticles in the composite particles in the photochromic conversion layer excited by the incident light.
"output light" refers to the combination of incident light that passes through a material without being absorbed after the incident light excites the material, and light and thorns generated by excitation of the material. For example, the output light refers to a combination of the incident light partially transmitted through the composite particles, the luminescent material, or the photochromic conversion layer, and the aforementioned secondary light.
"Medium" refers to a platform in which the composite particles of the present invention are dispersed in a medium or which surrounds some or all of the composite particles. It may be a fluid (liquid, gas) or a solid host material.
[ detailed description ] to
The following detailed description is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For illustrative purposes, the preferred embodiments are shown diagrammatically in the composite particles. However, the present patent application is not limited to the precise arrangements, structures, features, embodiments, and conditions shown. The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in the depicted embodiments. It is therefore to be understood that where reference is made to features in the appended claims, such reference is merely intended to assist the understanding of the scope of the claims and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way.
A first object of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 7A-B, relates to a photochromic conversion layer 4 that can be used in place of or in addition to a photoresist for use in a display device. The light-color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7, which comprises at least one composite particle 1, which is partially or completely surrounded by at least one medium 71. The at least one luminescent material 7 is operative to emit secondary light when excited, in particular excitation from a light source. The at least one composite particle 1 comprises a plurality of nanoparticles 3 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2. The inorganic material 2 has a refractive index greater than or equal to 0.02 of the at least one medium 71.
According to one embodiment, said at least one composite particle 1 has a refractive index greater than or equal to 0.02 of said at least one medium 71.
The difference in refractive index was measured at 450 nm.
When primary light from a light source passes through said at least one medium 71 and encounters at least one composite particle 1, said primary light can be divided. A first part of the primary light can penetrate the composite particle 1. A second part of the primary light may be absorbed by the nanoparticles 3. A third portion of the primary light may be scattered and/or reflected at the boundary between the at least one medium 71 and the composite particle 1 to change the direction of travel and may again encounter another composite particle 1.
The efficiency of the luminescent material 7 is directly related to the unit cost, performance and size of the product. Only the use of the light emitting material 7 having high fluorescence efficiency can reduce the unit cost of the product and reduce the number of phosphors in the display device. The luminescent material 7 with high efficiency means that a small amount of nanoparticles 3 is used, so that a sufficiently intense secondary light is emitted.
The inorganic material 2 has a different refractive index than the at least one medium 71, which means that the at least one composite particle 1 is capable of scattering light when embedded in the at least one medium 71. It may further: 1) less nanoparticles 3 can be used than with a photoresist or photochromic conversion layer using bare nanoparticles 3, with the same shape and size; 2) the size (e.g. thickness) of the nanoparticles 3 can be made smaller with the same concentration of nanoparticles 3 compared to a photoresist or photochromic layer using bare nanoparticles 3. In both cases, the amount of nanoparticles 3 required is reduced, thus reducing the cost of the final product.
The composite particles 1 may also limit or prevent oxidation of the nanoparticles 3; the distance between the nano-particles 3 coated in the inorganic material 2 can be controlled; the nanoparticles 3 encapsulated in the inorganic material 2 or from at least one medium, the generated charges and heat can be conducted and removed; the light emitting angle of the secondary light is improved; increasing the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting material 7 or the light color conversion layer 4; and by reducing the full width at half maximum of the light-emitting spectrum, the light-emitting color is purer and more vivid than the light-emitting color conversion material or the light-emitting color conversion material known in the prior art. Furthermore, the concentration of the composite particles 1 required in the final product can be reduced. Therefore, by using the composite particles 1 in the photochromic conversion layer 4, it is possible to obtain an improvement in optical characteristics and to enhance resistance to an oxidative environment.
The composite particles 1 of the invention are also particularly advantageous because they can be easily adapted to the RoHS requirements, depending on the choice of inorganic material 2. Thus, it can be used as a particle complying with the RoHS standard while retaining the properties of the nanoparticle 3 which may not comply with the RoHS standard by itself.
The luminescent material 7 may protect the composite particles 1 from oxygen molecules, ozone, water and/or high temperatures by means of at least one medium 71. Thus, the deposition of an additional protective layer at the luminescent material 7 can be omitted to save time, money and loss of luminescence.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are prepared by atmospheric pressure. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for handling, using or transporting said composite particles 1, for example for use of the composite particles 1 in optoelectronic devices.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are compatible with general lithography processes. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for use of the composite particles 1 in devices, such as optoelectronic devices.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 enclosed or coated in at least one medium 71. The at least one composite particle 1 is operative to emit secondary light when excited and scatter primary light emitted from the light source if the refractive indices of the composite particle 1 and the medium 71 are different.
According to one embodiment, in the composite particle 1, a plurality of nanoparticles 3 are uniformly dispersed in the inorganic material 2 (as shown in fig. 1). The uniform dispersion of the plurality of nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 prevents the aggregation of the nanoparticles 3, thereby preventing the deterioration of the properties thereof. For example, in the case of inorganic fluorescent nanoparticles, a uniform dispersion will allow the optical properties of the nanoparticles to be preserved and fluorescence quenching can be avoided.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a maximum dimension of at least 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm, 800nm, 850nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8 μm, 8.5 μm, 9.5 μm, 10.5 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 12 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 13 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 10 μm, 5 μm, 14.5 μm, 15 μm, 15.5 μm, 16 μm, 16.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18 μm, 18.5 μm, 19 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21 μm, 21.5 μm, 22 μm, 22.5 μm, 23 μm, 23.5 μm, 24 μm, 24.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 26 μm, 26.5 μm, 27 μm, 27.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 29 μm, 29.5 μm, 30 μm, 30.5 μm, 31 μm, 31.5 μm, 32 μm, 32.5 μm, 33 μm, 33.5 μm, 34 μm, 34.5 μm, 35 μm, 35.5 μm, 36.5 μm, 37.5 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 44 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 40 μm, 42 μm, 40.5 μm, 40 μm, 25.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 25, 47 μm, 47.5 μm, 48 μm, 48.5 μm, 49 μm, 49.5 μm, 50 μm, 50.5 μm, 51 μm, 51.5 μm, 52 μm, 52.5 μm, 53 μm, 53.5 μm, 54 μm, 54.5 μm, 55 μm, 55.5 μm, 56 μm, 56.5 μm, 57 μm, 57.5 μm, 58 μm, 58.5 μm, 59 μm, 59.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 61 μm, 61.5 μm, 62 μm, 62.5 μm, 63 μm, 63.5 μm, 64 μm, 64.5 μm, 65 μm, 65.5 μm, 66 μm, 66.5 μm, 67 μm, 67.5 μm, 68.5 μm, 69.5 μm, 70.5 μm, 76 μm, 77 μm, 73.5 μm, 77 μm, 73 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 5 μm, 73 μm, 79.5 μm, 80 μm, 80.5 μm, 81 μm, 81.5 μm, 82 μm, 82.5 μm, 83 μm, 83.5 μm, 84 μm, 84.5 μm, 85 μm, 85.5 μm, 86 μm, 86.5 μm, 87 μm, 87.5 μm, 88 μm, 88.5 μm, 89 μm, 89.5 μm, 90 μm, 90.5 μm, 91 μm, 91.5 μm, 92 μm, 92.5 μm, 93 μm, 93.5 μm, 94 μm, 94.5 μm, 95 μm, 95.5 μm, 96 μm, 96.5 μm, 97 μm, 97.5 μm, 98 μm, 98.5 μm, 99 μm, 99.5 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350.5 μm, 400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, or 1 μm.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a minimum dimension of at least 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm, 800nm, 850nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8.5 μm, 9.5 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 12 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 10 μm, 14.5 μm, 15 μm, 15.5 μm, 16 μm, 16.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18 μm, 18.5 μm, 19 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21 μm, 21.5 μm, 22 μm, 22.5 μm, 23 μm, 23.5 μm, 24 μm, 24.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 26 μm, 26.5 μm, 27 μm, 27.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 29 μm, 29.5 μm, 30 μm, 30.5 μm, 31 μm, 31.5 μm, 32 μm, 32.5 μm, 33 μm, 33.5 μm, 34 μm, 34.5 μm, 35 μm, 35.5 μm, 36.5 μm, 37.5 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 44 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 40 μm, 42 μm, 40.5 μm, 40 μm, 25.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 25, 47 μm, 47.5 μm, 48 μm, 48.5 μm, 49 μm, 49.5 μm, 50 μm, 50.5 μm, 51 μm, 51.5 μm, 52 μm, 52.5 μm, 53 μm, 53.5 μm, 54 μm, 54.5 μm, 55 μm, 55.5 μm, 56 μm, 56.5 μm, 57 μm, 57.5 μm, 58 μm, 58.5 μm, 59 μm, 59.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 61 μm, 61.5 μm, 62 μm, 62.5 μm, 63 μm, 63.5 μm, 64 μm, 64.5 μm, 65 μm, 65.5 μm, 66 μm, 66.5 μm, 67 μm, 67.5 μm, 68.5 μm, 69.5 μm, 70.5 μm, 76 μm, 77 μm, 73.5 μm, 77 μm, 73 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 5 μm, 73 μm, 79.5 μm, 80 μm, 80.5 μm, 81 μm, 81.5 μm, 82 μm, 82.5 μm, 83 μm, 83.5 μm, 84 μm, 84.5 μm, 85 μm, 85.5 μm, 86 μm, 86.5 μm, 87 μm, 87.5 μm, 88 μm, 88.5 μm, 89 μm, 89.5 μm, 90 μm, 90.5 μm, 91 μm, 91.5 μm, 92 μm, 92.5 μm, 93 μm, 93.5 μm, 94 μm, 94.5 μm, 95 μm, 95.5 μm, 96 μm, 96.5 μm, 97 μm, 97.5 μm, 98 μm, 98.5 μm, 99 μm, 99.5 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350.5 μm, 400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, or 1 μm.
According to one embodiment, the size ratio between the composite particles 1 and the nanoparticles 3 ranges from 1.25 to 1000, preferably from 2 to 500, more preferably from 5 to 250, even more preferably from 5 to 100.
According to one embodiment, the ratio (size ratio) between the smallest dimension and the largest dimension of the composite particle 1 is at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, at least 8, at least 8.5, at least 9, at least 9.5, at least 10, at least 10.5, at least 11, at least 11.5, at least 12, at least 12.5, at least 13, at least 13.5, at least 14, at least 14.5, at least 15, at least 15.5, at least 16, at least 16.5, at least 17, at least 17.5, at least 18, at least 18.5, at least 19, at least 19.5, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 90, at least 95, at least 100, at least 150, at least 200, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, at least 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, at least 950, or at least 1000.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have an average size of at least 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm, 800nm, 850nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8.5 μm, 9.5 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 11 μm, 11.5 μm, 12 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 13 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 11 μ, 14 μm, 14.5 μm, 15 μm, 15.5 μm, 16 μm, 16.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18 μm, 18.5 μm, 19 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21 μm, 21.5 μm, 22 μm, 22.5 μm, 23 μm, 23.5 μm, 24 μm, 24.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 26 μm, 26.5 μm, 27 μm, 27.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 29 μm, 29.5 μm, 30 μm, 30.5 μm, 31 μm, 31.5 μm, 32 μm, 32.5 μm, 33 μm, 33.5 μm, 34 μm, 34.5 μm, 35.5 μm, 36.5 μm, 37.5 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 44 μm, 40 μm, 44.5 μm, 40 μm, 44 μm, 40 μm, 25.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 28 μm, 33.5 μm, 28.5 μm, 46.5 μm, 47 μm, 47.5 μm, 48 μm, 48.5 μm, 49 μm, 49.5 μm, 50 μm, 50.5 μm, 51 μm, 51.5 μm, 52 μm, 52.5 μm, 53 μm, 53.5 μm, 54 μm, 54.5 μm, 55 μm, 55.5 μm, 56 μm, 56.5 μm, 57 μm, 57.5 μm, 58 μm, 58.5 μm, 59 μm, 59.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 61 μm, 61.5 μm, 62 μm, 62.5 μm, 63 μm, 63.5 μm, 64 μm, 64.5 μm, 65 μm, 65.5 μm, 66 μm, 66.5 μm, 67 μm, 67.5 μm, 68.68 μm, 68.5 μm, 69.5 μm, 70 μm, 76 μm, 75 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 79 μm, 79.5 μm, 80 μm, 80.5 μm, 81 μm, 81.5 μm, 82 μm, 82.5 μm, 83 μm, 83.5 μm, 84 μm, 84.5 μm, 85 μm, 85.5 μm, 86 μm, 86.5 μm, 87 μm, 87.5 μm, 88 μm, 88.5 μm, 89 μm, 89.5 μm, 90 μm, 90.5 μm, 91 μm, 91.5 μm, 92 μm, 92.5 μm, 93 μm, 93.5 μm, 94 μm, 94.5 μm, 95 μm, 95.5 μm, 96 μm, 96.5 μm, 97 μm, 97.5 μm, 98 μm, 98.5 μm, 99 μm, 99.5 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 250 μm, 96.5 μm, 97 μm, 98.5 μm, 98 μm, 900 μm, 500 μm, 400 μm, 800 μm, 1 μm, or 1 μm.
Particles having an average particle size of less than 1 micron of the composite particles 1, containing the same number of nanoparticles 3, have several advantages over larger particles: i) larger particles increase the light scattering rate; ii) relatively larger particles which, when dispersed in a solvent, form a more stable colloidal suspension; iii) is compatible with pixels having a size of at least 100 nm.
Particles with an average particle size of more than 1 micron of the composite particles 1, containing the same amount of nanoparticles 3, have several advantages compared to smaller particles: i) light scattering by the particles can be reduced compared to smaller particles; ii) having whispering-gallery wave modes (whispering-gallery wave modes); iii) is compatible with a pixel having a size greater than or equal to 1 micron; iv) increasing the average distance between the nanoparticles 3 inside said composite particles 1, thus obtaining a better thermal conduction efficiency; v) increasing the average distance between the nanoparticles 3 inside the composite particles 1 and the surface of the composite particles 1, thereby better resisting the oxidation of the nanoparticles 3 or delaying the chemical reaction or oxidation caused by the chemical substances permeating from the outside of the composite particles 1; vi) the mass ratio between the composite particle 1 and the nanoparticles 3 contained in said composite particle 1 is increased compared to the smaller composite particle 1, thereby reducing the mass concentration of the chemical elements that have to comply with the ROHS standard, making it easier to comply with the ROHS specification.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are in accordance with the RoHS specification.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, or less than 1000ppm by weight of cadmium.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises a weight ratio of lead of less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000 ppm.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000ppm by weight of mercury.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 comprise chemical elements heavier than the chemical elements predominant in the inorganic material 2. In this embodiment, the relatively heavy chemical elements contained in the composite particles 1 can reduce the mass concentration of the chemical elements in the composite particles 1, which are limited by the ROHS standard, so that the composite particles 1 meet the ROHS specification.
According to one embodiment, examples of heavy chemical elements include, but are not limited to, the following chemical elements: B. c, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a minimum curvature of at least 200 μm-1、100μm-1、66.6μm-1、50μm-1、33.3μm-1、28.6μm-1、25μm-1、20μm-1、18.2μm-1、16.7μm-1、15.4μm-1、14.3μm-1、13.3μm-1、12.5μm-1、11.8μm-1、11.1μm-1、10.5μm-1、10μm-1、9.5μm-1、9.1μm-1、8.7μm-1、8.3μm-1、8μm-1、7.7μm-1、7.4μm-1、7.1μm-1、6.9μm-1、6.7μm-1、5.7μm-1、5μm-1、4.4μm-1、4μm-1、3.6μm-1、3.3μm-1、3.1μm-1、2.9μm-1、2.7μm-1、2.5μm-1、2.4μm-1、2.2μm-1、2.1μm-1、2μm-1、1.3333μm-1、0.8μm-1、0.6666μm-1、0.5714μm-1、0.5μm-1、0.4444μm-1、0.4μm-1、0.3636μm-1、0.3333μm-1、0.3080μm-1、0.2857μm-1、0.2667μm-1、0.25μm-1、0.2353μm-1、0.2222μm-1、0.2105μm-1、0.2μm-1、0.1905μm-1、0.1818μm-1、0.1739μm-1、0.1667μm-1、0.16μm-1、0.1538μm-1、0.1481μm-1、0.1429μm-1、0.1379μm-1、0.1333μm-1、0.1290μm-1、0.125μm-1、0.1212μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1143μm-1、0.1111μm-1、0.1881μm-1、0.1053μm-1、0.1026μm-1、0.1μm-1、0.0976μm-1、0.9524μm-1、0.0930μm-1、0.0909μm-1、0.0889μm-1、0.870μm-1、0.0851μm-1、0.0833μm-1、0.0816μm-1、0.08μm-1、0.0784μm-1、0.0769μm-1、0.0755μm-1、0.0741μm-1、0.0727μm-1、0.0714μm-1、0.0702μm-1、0.0690μm-1、0.0678μm-1、0.0667μm-1、0.0656μm-1、0.0645μm-1、0.0635μm-1、0.0625μm-1、0.0615μm-1、0.0606μm-1、0.0597μm-1、0.0588μm-1、0.0580μm-1、0.0571μm-1、0.0563μm-1、0.0556μm-1、0.0548μm-1、0.0541μm-1、0.0533μm-1、0.0526μm-1、0.0519μm-1、0.0513μm-1、0.0506μm-1、0.05μm-1、0.0494μm-1、0.0488μm-1、0.0482μm-1、0.0476μm-1、0.0471μm-1、0.0465μm-1、0.0460μm-1、0.0455μm-1、0.0450μm-1、0.0444μm-1、0.0440μm-1、0.0435μm-1、0.0430μm-1、0.0426μm-1、0.0421μm-1、0.0417μm-1、0.0412μm-1、0.0408μm-1、0.0404μm-1、0.04μm-1、0.0396μm-1、0.0392μm-1、0.0388μm-1、0.0385μm-1；0.0381μm-1、0.0377μm-1、0.0374μm-1、0.037μm-1、0.0367μm-1、0.0364μm-1、0.0360μm-1、0.0357μm-1、0.0354μm-1、0.0351μm-1、0.0348μm-1、0.0345μm-1、0.0342μm-1、0.0339μm-1、0.0336μm-1、0.0333μm-1、0.0331μm-1、0.0328μm-1、0.0325μm-1、0.0323μm-1、0.032μm-1、0.0317μm-1、0.0315μm-1、0.0312μm-1、0.031μm-1、0.0308μm-1、0.0305μm-1、0.0303μm-1、0.0301μm-1、0.03μm-1、0.0299μm-1、0.0296μm-1、0.0294μm-1、0.0292μm-1、0.029μm-1、0.0288μm-1、0.0286μm-1、0.0284μm-1、0.0282μm-1、0.028μm-1、0.0278μm-1、0.0276μm-1、0.0274μm-1、0.0272μm-1；0.0270μm-1、0.0268μm-1、0.02667μm-1、0.0265μm-1、0.0263μm-1、0.0261μm-1、0.026μm-1、0.0258μm-1、0.0256μm-1、0.0255μm-1、0.0253μm-1、0.0252μm-1、0.025μm-1、0.0248μm-1、0.0247μm-1、0.0245μm-1、0.0244μm-1、0.0242μm-1、0.0241μm-1、0.024μm-1、0.0238μm-1、0.0237μm-1、0.0235μm-1、0.0234μm-1、0.0233μm-1、0.231μm-1、0.023μm-1、0.0229μm-1、0.0227μm-1、0.0226μm-1、0.0225μm-1、0.0223μm-1、0.0222μm-1、0.0221μm-1、0.022μm-1、0.0219μm-1、0.0217μm-1、0.0216μm-1、0.0215μm-1、0.0214μm-1、0.0213μm-1、0.0212μm-1、0.0211μm-1、0.021μm-1、0.0209μm-1、0.0208μm-1、0.0207μm-1、0.0206μm-1、0.0205μm-1、0.0204μm-1、0.0203μm-1、0.0202μm-1、0.0201μm-1、0.02μm-1Or 0.002 μm-1。
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a maximum curvature of at least 200 μm-1、100μm-1、66.6μm-1、50μm-1、33.3μm-1、28.6μm-1、25μm-1、20μm-1、18.2μm-1、16.7μm-1、15.4μm-1、14.3μm-1、13.3μm-1、12.5μm-1、11.8μm-1、11.1μm-1、10.5μm-1、10μm-1、9.5μm-1、9.1μm-1、8.7μm-1、8.3μm-1、8μm-1、7.7μm-1、7.4μm-1、7.1μm-1、6.9μm-1、6.7μm-1、5.7μm-1、5μm-1、4.4μm-1、4μm-1、3.6μm-1、3.3μm-1、3.1μm-1、2.9μm-1、2.7μm-1、2.5μm-1、2.4μm-1、2.2μm-1、2.1μm-1、2μm-1、1.3333μm-1、0.8μm-1、0.6666μm-1、0.5714μm-1、0.5μm-1、0.4444μm-1、0.4μm-1、0.3636μm-1、0.3333μm-1、0.3080μm-1、0.2857μm-1、0.2667μm-1、0.25μm-1、0.2353μm-1、0.2222μm-1、0.2105μm-1、0.2μm-1、0.1905μm-1、0.1818μm-1、0.1739μm-1、0.1667μm-1、0.16μm-1、0.1538μm-1、0.1481μm-1、0.1429μm-1、0.1379μm-1、0.1333μm-1、0.1290μm-1、0.125μm-1、0.1212μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1143μm-1、0.1111μm-1、0.1881μm-1、0.1053μm-1、0.1026μm-1、0.1μm-1、0.0976μm-1、0.9524μm-1、0.0930μm-1、0.0909μm-1、0.0889μm-1、0.870μm-1、0.0851μm-1、0.0833μm-1、0.0816μm-1、0.08μm-1、0.0784μm-1、0.0769μm-1、0.0755μm-1、0.0741μm-1、0.0727μm-1、0.0714μm-1、0.0702μm-1、0.0690μm-1、0.0678μm-1、0.0667μm-1、0.0656μm-1、0.0645μm-1、0.0635μm-1、0.0625μm-1、0.0615μm-1、0.0606μm-1、0.0597μm-1、0.0588μm-1、0.0580μm-1、0.0571μm-1、0.0563μm-1、0.0556μm-1、0.0548μm-1、0.0541μm-1、0.0533μm-1、0.0526μm-1、0.0519μm-1、0.0513μm-1、0.0506μm-1、0.05μm-1、0.0494μm-1、0.0488μm-1、0.0482μm-1、0.0476μm-1、0.0471μm-1、0.0465μm-1、0.0460μm-1、0.0455μm-1、0.0450μm-1、0.0444μm-1、0.0440μm-1、0.0435μm-1、0.0430μm-1、0.0426μm-1、0.0421μm-1、0.0417μm-1、0.0412μm-1、0.0408μm-1、0.0404μm-1、0.04μm-1、0.0396μm-1、0.0392μm-1、0.0388μm-1、0.0385μm-1；0.0381μm-1、0.0377μm-1、0.0374μm-1、0.037μm-1、0.0367μm-1、0.0364μm-1、0.0360μm-1、0.0357μm-1、0.0354μm-1、0.0351μm-1、0.0348μm-1、0.0345μm-1、0.0342μm-1、0.0339μm-1、0.0336μm-1、0.0333μm-1、0.0331μm-1、0.0328μm-1、0.0325μm-1、0.0323μm-1、0.032μm-1、0.0317μm-1、0.0315μm-1、0.0312μm-1、0.031μm-1、0.0308μm-1、0.0305μm-1、0.0303μm-1、0.0301μm-1、0.03μm-1、0.0299μm-1、0.0296μm-1、0.0294μm-1、0.0292μm-1、0.029μm-1、0.0288μm-1、0.0286μm-1、0.0284μm-1、0.0282μm-1、0.028μm-1、0.0278μm-1、0.0276μm-1、0.0274μm-1、0.0272μm-1；0.0270μm-1、0.0268μm-1、0.02667μm-1、0.0265μm-1、0.0263μm-1、0.0261μm-1、0.026μm-1、0.0258μm-1、0.0256μm-1、0.0255μm-1、0.0253μm-1、0.0252μm-1、0.025μm-1、0.0248μm-1、0.0247μm-1、0.0245μm-1、0.0244μm-1、0.0242μm-1、0.0241μm-1、0.024μm-1、0.0238μm-1、0.0237μm-1、0.0235μm-1、0.0234μm-1、0.0233μm-1、0.231μm-1、0.023μm-1、0.0229μm-1、0.0227μm-1、0.0226μm-1、0.0225μm-1、0.0223μm-1、0.0222μm-1、0.0221μm-1、0.022μm-1、0.0219μm-1、0.0217μm-1、0.0216μm-1、0.0215μm-1、0.0214μm-1、0.0213μm-1、0.0212μm-1、0.0211μm-1、0.021μm-1、0.0209μm-1、0.0208μm-1、0.0207μm-1、0.0206μm-1、0.0205μm-1、0.0204μm-1、0.0203μm-1、0.0202μm-1、0.0201μm-1、0.02μm-1Or 0.002 μm-1。
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are polydisperse.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are monodisperse.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a narrow particle size distribution.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are non-aggregated.
According to an embodiment, the surface roughness of the composite particle 1 is less than or equal to 0%, 0.0001%, 0.0002%, 0.0003%, 0.0004%, 0.0005%, 0.0006%, 0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.31%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.31%, 0.35%, 0.31%, 0.35%, 0.31%, 0.35%, 0.9%, 0., 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%, i.e. the surface composite particles 1 are completely smooth.
According to one embodiment, the surface roughness of the composite particle 1 is less than or equal to 0.5% of the maximum dimension of the composite particle 1, i.e. the surface composite particle 1 is completely smooth.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a spherical shape, an ovoid shape, a disk shape, a cylindrical shape, a face shape, a hexagonal shape, a triangular shape, a cubic shape or a platelet shape.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a raspberry shape, a prismatic shape, a polyhedral shape, a snowflake shape, a flower shape, a thorn shape, a hemispherical shape, a conical shape, a sea urchin shape, a filiform shape, a biconcave disk shape, a snail shape, a tree shape, a dendrite shape, a necklace shape, a chain shape or a lining shape.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a spherical shape or the composite particles 1 are bead-shaped.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are hollow, i.e. the composite particles 1 are in the form of hollow beads.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 do not have a core/shell structure.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a core/shell structure as described below.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not fibers.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not in the form of a mesh having an undefined shape.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not macroscopically a piece of glass. In the present embodiment, a piece of glass refers to a piece of glass obtained from a larger solid glass by, for example, cutting or using a mold. According to one embodiment, a piece of glass has one dimension that exceeds at least 1 centimeter in one dimension.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are obtained without reducing the size of the inorganic material. For example, the composite particles 1 are not obtained from a piece of inorganic material 2 by cutting, grinding, nor via etching with accelerated atoms, molecules or electrons, or by any other method, in the size of a pellet-shaped particle.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not obtained by grinding larger particles or by spraying a powder.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is not a piece of nanoporous glass doped with nanoparticles 3.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is not a monolithic piece of glass.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are spherical. The spherical shape may allow light to circulate in the composite particle 1 without leaving the composite particle 1, thereby acting as a waveguide. The spherical shape may allow the light to have whispering-gallery wave (whispering-gallery wave) modes. Furthermore, the ideal spherical shape prevents fluctuations in the intensity of scattered light in various directions.
According to one embodiment, the spherical composite particles 1 have a diameter of at least 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm, 800nm, 850nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8 μm, 8.5 μm, 9.5 μm, 10.5 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 12 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 13 μm, 12 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 10 μ, 14.5 μm, 15 μm, 15.5 μm, 16 μm, 16.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18 μm, 18.5 μm, 19 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21 μm, 21.5 μm, 22 μm, 22.5 μm, 23 μm, 23.5 μm, 24 μm, 24.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 26 μm, 26.5 μm, 27 μm, 27.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 29 μm, 29.5 μm, 30 μm, 30.5 μm, 31 μm, 31.5 μm, 32 μm, 32.5 μm, 33 μm, 33.5 μm, 34 μm, 34.5 μm, 35 μm, 35.5 μm, 36.5 μm, 37.5 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 44 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 40 μm, 42 μm, 40.5 μm, 40 μm, 25.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 25, 47 μm, 47.5 μm, 48 μm, 48.5 μm, 49 μm, 49.5 μm, 50 μm, 50.5 μm, 51 μm, 51.5 μm, 52 μm, 52.5 μm, 53 μm, 53.5 μm, 54 μm, 54.5 μm, 55 μm, 55.5 μm, 56 μm, 56.5 μm, 57 μm, 57.5 μm, 58 μm, 58.5 μm, 59 μm, 59.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 61 μm, 61.5 μm, 62 μm, 62.5 μm, 63 μm, 63.5 μm, 64 μm, 64.5 μm, 65 μm, 65.5 μm, 66 μm, 66.5 μm, 67 μm, 67.5 μm, 68.5 μm, 69.5 μm, 70.5 μm, 76 μm, 77 μm, 73.5 μm, 77 μm, 73 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 5 μm, 73 μm, 79.5 μm, 80 μm, 80.5 μm, 81 μm, 81.5 μm, 82 μm, 82.5 μm, 83 μm, 83.5 μm, 84 μm, 84.5 μm, 85 μm, 85.5 μm, 86 μm, 86.5 μm, 87 μm, 87.5 μm, 88 μm, 88.5 μm, 89 μm, 89.5 μm, 90 μm, 90.5 μm, 91 μm, 91.5 μm, 92 μm, 92.5 μm, 93 μm, 93.5 μm, 94 μm, 94.5 μm, 95 μm, 95.5 μm, 96 μm, 96.5 μm, 97 μm, 97.5 μm, 98 μm, 98.5 μm, 99 μm, 99.5 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350.5 μm, 400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, or 1 μm.
According to one embodiment, the mean diameter of the spherical composite particles 1 of a group is at least 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm, 800nm, 850nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8.5 μm, 9.5 μm, 9 μm, 9.5 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 11.5 μm, 11 μm, 13 μm, 5 μm, 13 μm, 5 μm, 14 μm, 14.5 μm, 15 μm, 15.5 μm, 16 μm, 16.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18 μm, 18.5 μm, 19 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21 μm, 21.5 μm, 22 μm, 22.5 μm, 23 μm, 23.5 μm, 24 μm, 24.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 26 μm, 26.5 μm, 27 μm, 27.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 29 μm, 29.5 μm, 30 μm, 30.5 μm, 31 μm, 31.5 μm, 32 μm, 32.5 μm, 33 μm, 33.5 μm, 34 μm, 34.5 μm, 35.5 μm, 36.5 μm, 37.5 μm, 42 μm, 44.5 μm, 44 μm, 40 μm, 44.5 μm, 40 μm, 44 μm, 40 μm, 25.5 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 28 μm, 28.5 μm, 28 μm, 33.5 μm, 28.5 μm, 46.5 μm, 47 μm, 47.5 μm, 48 μm, 48.5 μm, 49 μm, 49.5 μm, 50 μm, 50.5 μm, 51 μm, 51.5 μm, 52 μm, 52.5 μm, 53 μm, 53.5 μm, 54 μm, 54.5 μm, 55 μm, 55.5 μm, 56 μm, 56.5 μm, 57 μm, 57.5 μm, 58 μm, 58.5 μm, 59 μm, 59.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 61 μm, 61.5 μm, 62 μm, 62.5 μm, 63 μm, 63.5 μm, 64 μm, 64.5 μm, 65 μm, 65.5 μm, 66 μm, 66.5 μm, 67 μm, 67.5 μm, 68.68 μm, 68.5 μm, 69.5 μm, 70 μm, 76 μm, 75 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 73.5 μm, 73 μm, 79 μm, 79.5 μm, 80 μm, 80.5 μm, 81 μm, 81.5 μm, 82 μm, 82.5 μm, 83 μm, 83.5 μm, 84 μm, 84.5 μm, 85 μm, 85.5 μm, 86 μm, 86.5 μm, 87 μm, 87.5 μm, 88 μm, 88.5 μm, 89 μm, 89.5 μm, 90 μm, 90.5 μm, 91 μm, 91.5 μm, 92 μm, 92.5 μm, 93 μm, 93.5 μm, 94 μm, 94.5 μm, 95 μm, 95.5 μm, 96 μm, 96.5 μm, 97 μm, 97.5 μm, 98 μm, 98.5 μm, 99 μm, 99.5 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 250.5 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 1 μm, or more.
According to an embodiment, the deviation of the mean diameter of a group of spherical composite particles 1 is less than or equal to 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4%, 4.1%, 4.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 6%, 4.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 6%, 4.7%, 4.5%, 6%, 4, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, 145%, 150%, 155%, 160%, 165%, 170%, 175%, 180%, 185%, 190%, 195%, or 200%.
According to one embodiment, the spherical composite particles 1 have a curvature of at least 200 μm-1、100μm-1、66.6μm-1、50μm-1、33.3μm-1、28.6μm-1、25μm-1、20μm-1、18.2μm-1、16.7μm-1、15.4μm-1、14.3μm-1、13.3μm-1、12.5μm-1、11.8μm-1、11.1μm-1、10.5μm-1、10μm-1、9.5μm-1、9.1μm-1、8.7μm-1、8.3μm-1、8μm-1、7.7μm-1、7.4μm-1、7.1μm-1、6.9μm-1、6.7μm-1、5.7μm-1、5μm-1、4.4μm-1、4μm-1、3.6μm-1、3.3μm-1、3.1μm-1、2.9μm-1、2.7μm-1、2.5μm-1、2.4μm-1、2.2μm-1、2.1μm-1、2μm-1、1.3333μm-1、0.8μm-1、0.6666μm-1、0.5714μm-1、0.5μm-1、0.4444μm-1、0.4μm-1、0.3636μm-1、0.3333μm-1、0.3080μm-1、0.2857μm-1、0.2667μm-1、0.25μm-1、0.2353μm-1、0.2222μm-1、0.2105μm-1、0.2μm-1、0.1905μm-1、0.1818μm-1、0.1739μm-1、0.1667μm-1、0.16μm-1、0.1538μm-1、0.1481μm-1、0.1429μm-1、0.1379μm-1、0.1333μm-1、0.1290μm-1、0.125μm-1、0.1212μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1143μm-1、0.1111μm-1、0.1881μm-1、0.1053μm-1、0.1026μm-1、0.1μm-1、0.0976μm-1、0.9524μm-1、0.0930μm-1、0.0909μm-1、0.0889μm-1、0.870μm-1、0.0851μm-1、0.0833μm-1、0.0816μm-1、0.08μm-1、0.0784μm-1、0.0769μm-1、0.0755μm-1、0.0741μm-1、0.0727μm-1、0.0714μm-1、0.0702μm-1、0.0690μm-1、0.0678μm-1、0.0667μm-1、0.0656μm-1、0.0645μm-1、0.0635μm-1、0.0625μm-1、0.0615μm-1、0.0606μm-1、0.0597μm-1、0.0588μm-1、0.0580μm-1、0.0571μm-1、0.0563μm-1、0.0556μm-1、0.0548μm-1、0.0541μm-1、0.0533μm-1、0.0526μm-1、0.0519μm-1、0.0513μm-1、0.0506μm-1、0.05μm-1、0.0494μm-1、0.0488μm-1、0.0482μm-1、0.0476μm-1、0.0471μm-1、0.0465μm-1、0.0460μm-1、0.0455μm-1、0.0450μm-1、0.0444μm-1、0.0440μm-1、0.0435μm-1、0.0430μm-1、0.0426μm-1、0.0421μm-1、0.0417μm-1、0.0412μm-1、0.0408μm-1、0.0404μm-1、0.04μm-1、0.0396μm-1、0.0392μm-1、0.0388μm-1、0.0385μm-1、0.0381μm-1、0.0377μm-1、0.0374μm-1、0.037μm-1、0.0367μm-1、0.0364μm-1、0.0360μm-1、0.0357μm-1、0.0354μm-1、0.0351μm-1、0.0348μm-1、0.0345μm-1、0.0342μm-1、0.0339μm-1、0.0336μm-1、0.0333μm-1、0.0331μm-1、0.0328μm-1、0.0325μm-1、0.0323μm-1、0.032μm-1、0.0317μm-1、0.0315μm-1、0.0312μm-1、0.031μm-1、0.0308μm-1、0.0305μm-1、0.0303μm-1、0.0301μm-1、0.03μm-1、0.0299μm-1、0.0296μm-1、0.0294μm-1、0.0292μm-1、0.029μm-1、0.0288μm-1、0.0286μm-1、0.0284μm-1、0.0282μm-1、0.028μm-1、0.0278μm-1、0.0276μm-1、0.0274μm-1、0.0272μm-1；0.0270μm-1、0.0268μm-1、0.02667μm-1、0.0265μm-1、0.0263μm-1、0.0261μm-1、0.026μm-1、0.0258μm-1、0.0256μm-1、0.0255μm-1、0.0253μm-1、0.0252μm-1、0.025μm-1、0.0248μm-1、0.0247μm-1、0.0245μm-1、0.0244μm-1、0.0242μm-1、0.0241μm-1、0.024μm-1、0.0238μm-1、0.0237μm-1、0.0235μm-1、0.0234μm-1、0.0233μm-1、0.231μm-1、0.023μm-1、0.0229μm-1、0.0227μm-1、0.0226μm-1、0.0225μm-1、0.0223μm-1、0.0222μm-1、0.0221μm-1、0.022μm-1、0.0219μm-1、0.0217μm-1、0.0216μm-1、0.0215μm-1、0.0214μm-1、0.0213μm-1、0.0212μm-1、0.0211μm-1、0.021μm-1、0.0209μm-1、0.0208μm-1、0.0207μm-1、0.0206μm-1、0.0205μm-1、0.0204μm-1、0.0203μm-1、0.0202μm-1、0.0201μm-1、0.02μm-1Or 0.002 μm-1。
According to one embodiment, a group of spherical composite particles 1 has an average curvature of at least 200 μm-1、100μm-1、66.6μm-1、50μm-1、33.3μm-1、28.6μm-1、25μm-1、20μm-1、18.2μm-1、16.7μm-1、15.4μm-1、14.3μm-1、13.3μm-1、12.5μm-1、11.8μm-1、11.1μm-1、10.5μm-1、10μm-1、9.5μm-1、9.1μm-1、8.7μm-1、8.3μm-1、8μm-1、7.7μm-1、7.4μm-1、7.1μm-1、6.9μm-1、6.7μm-1、5.7μm-1、5μm-1、4.4μm-1、4μm-1、3.6μm-1、3.3μm-1、3.1μm-1、2.9μm-1、2.7μm-1、2.5μm-1、2.4μm-1、2.2μm-1、2.1μm-1、2μm-1、1.3333μm-1、0.8μm-1、0.6666μm-1、0.5714μm-1、0.5μm-1、0.4444μm-1、0.4μm-1、0.3636μm-1、0.3333μm-1、0.3080μm-1、0.2857μm-1、0.2667μm-1、0.25μm-1、0.2353μm-1、0.2222μm-1、0.2105μm-1、0.2μm-1、0.1905μm-1、0.1818μm-1、0.1739μm-1、0.1667μm-1、0.16μm-1、0.1538μm-1、0.1481μm-1、0.1429μm-1、0.1379μm-1、0.1333μm-1、0.1290μm-1、0.125μm-1、0.1212μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1176μm-1、0.1143μm-1、0.1111μm-1、0.1881μm-1、0.1053μm-1、0.1026μm-1、0.1μm-1、0.0976μm-1、0.9524μm-1、0.0930μm-1、0.0909μm-1、0.0889μm-1、0.870μm-1、0.0851μm-1、0.0833μm-1、0.0816μm-1、0.08μm-1、0.0784μm-1、0.0769μm-1、0.0755μm-1、0.0741μm-1、0.0727μm-1、0.0714μm-1、0.0702μm-1、0.0690μm-1、0.0678μm-1、0.0667μm-1、0.0656μm-1、0.0645μm-1、0.0635μm-1、0.0625μm-1、0.0615μm-1、0.0606μm-1、0.0597μm-1、0.0588μm-1、0.0580μm-1、0.0571μm-1、0.0563μm-1、0.0556μm-1、0.0548μm-1、0.0541μm-1、0.0533μm-1、0.0526μm-1、0.0519μm-1、0.0513μm-1、0.0506μm-1、0.05μm-1、0.0494μm-1、0.0488μm-1、0.0482μm-1、0.0476μm-1、0.0471μm-1、0.0465μm-1、0.0460μm-1、0.0455μm-1、0.0450μm-1、0.0444μm-1、0.0440μm-1、0.0435μm-1、0.0430μm-1、0.0426μm-1、0.0421μm-1、0.0417μm-1、0.0412μm-1、0.0408μm-1、0.0404μm-1、0.04μm-1、0.0396μm-1、0.0392μm-1、0.0388μm-1、0.0385μm-1、0.0381μm-1、0.0377μm-1、0.0374μm-1、0.037μm-1、0.0367μm-1、0.0364μm-1、0.0360μm-1、0.0357μm-1、0.0354μm-1、0.0351μm-1、0.0348μm-1、0.0345μm-1、0.0342μm-1、0.0339μm-1、0.0336μm-1、0.0333μm-1、0.0331μm-1、0.0328μm-1、0.0325μm-1、0.0323μm-1、0.032μm-1、0.0317μm-1、0.0315μm-1、0.0312μm-1、0.031μm-1、0.0308μm-1、0.0305μm-1、0.0303μm-1、0.0301μm-1、0.03μm-1、0.0299μm-1、0.0296μm-1、0.0294μm-1、0.0292μm-1、0.029μm-1、0.0288μm-1、0.0286μm-1、0.0284μm-1、0.0282μm-1、0.028μm-1、0.0278μm-1、0.0276μm-1、0.0274μm-1、0.0272μm-1；0.0270μm-1、0.0268μm-1、0.02667μm-1、0.0265μm-1、0.0263μm-1、0.0261μm-1、0.026μm-1、0.0258μm-1、0.0256μm-1、0.0255μm-1、0.0253μm-1、0.0252μm-1、0.025μm-1、0.0248μm-1、0.0247μm-1、0.0245μm-1、0.0244μm-1、0.0242μm-1、0.0241μm-1、0.024μm-1、0.0238μm-1、0.0237μm-1、0.0235μm-1、0.0234μm-1、0.0233μm-1、0.231μm-1、0.023μm-1、0.0229μm-1、0.0227μm-1、0.0226μm-1、0.0225μm-1、0.0223μm-1、0.0222μm-1、0.0221μm-1、0.022μm-1、0.0219μm-1、0.0217μm-1、0.0216μm-1、0.0215μm-1、0.0214μm-1、0.0213μm-1、0.0212μm-1、0.0211μm-1、0.021μm-1、0.0209μm-1、0.0208μm-1、0.0207μm-1、0.0206μm-1、0.0205μm-1、0.0204μm-1、0.0203μm-1、0.0202μm-1、0.0201μm-1、0.02μm-1Or 0.002 μm-1。
According to one embodiment, the curvature of the spherical composite particles 1 has no deviation, i.e. the composite particles 1 have a perfectly spherical shape. This perfect sphere avoids a floating intensity of the surface light scattering.
According to an embodiment, the curvature of the spherical composite particle 1 may have a deviation of less than or equal to 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 4.9%, 4.5%, 4%, 5%, 4.5%, 4%, 5%, 4.5%, 4, A percent curl difference of 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, or 10%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are luminescent.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are fluorescent.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are phosphorescent.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are electrically conductive.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are chemiluminescent.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are tribofluorescent.
According to one embodiment, the light emitting characteristics of the composite particles 1 may be influenced by a change in external pressure. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that its light emission characteristics can be changed by external pressure changes.
According to one embodiment, the wavelength of the emission peak of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external pressure. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the wavelength of the emission peak thereof can be changed by external pressure change.
According to one embodiment, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external pressure. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum thereof can be changed by external pressure change.
According to one embodiment, the quantum efficiency (PLQY) of the photoluminescence of the composite particles 1 may be affected by a change in external pressure. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the quantum efficiency (PLQY) of the photoluminescence light thereof can be changed by external pressure variation.
According to one embodiment, the light emitting characteristics of the composite particles 1 may be affected by a change in external temperature. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that its light emission characteristics can be changed by a change in external temperature.
According to one embodiment, the wavelength of the emission peak of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external temperature. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the wavelength of the emission peak thereof can be changed by a change in external temperature.
According to one embodiment, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external temperature. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum thereof can be changed by an external temperature change.
According to one embodiment, the quantum efficiency (PLQY) of the photoluminescence of the composite particles 1 may be affected by a change in external temperature. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the quantum efficiency (PLQY) of the photoluminescence light thereof can be changed by a temperature change from the outside.
According to one embodiment, the light emitting characteristics of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external pH (pH). In the present embodiment, "influence" means that its light emission characteristics can be changed by an external change in the pH value (pH).
According to one embodiment, the wavelength of the emission peak of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external pH (pH). In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the wavelength of the emission peak thereof can be changed by an external change in the pH value (pH).
According to one embodiment, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 may be affected by a change in external pH. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum thereof can be changed by an external change in the pH.
According to one embodiment, the quantum efficiency (PLQY) of the photoluminescence of the composite particles 1 may be affected by changes in the external pH. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the quantum efficiency (PLQY) of photoluminescence thereof can be changed by an external change in the pH.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 comprise at least one nanoparticle 3 whose wavelength of the emission peak can be influenced by external temperature variations; and at least one nanoparticle 3, wherein the wavelength emission peak is not or less affected by external temperature changes. In the present embodiment, "influence" means that the wavelength of the emission peak can be changed by an external temperature change, that is, the wavelength of the emission peak can be decreased or increased. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in temperature sensor applications.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one emission peak, wherein the emission peak has a peak emission wavelength of 400nm to 50 μm.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one emission peak, wherein the emission peak has a peak emission wavelength of 400nm to 500 nm. In the present embodiment, the composite particle 1 emits blue light.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one emission peak, wherein the emission peak has a peak emission wavelength in the range of 500nm to 560nm, preferably in the range of 515 nm to 545 nm. In the present embodiment, the composite particles 1 emit green light.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one emission peak, wherein the emission peak has a peak wavelength ranging from 560nm to 590 nm. In the present example, the composite particles 1 emit yellow light.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one emission peak, wherein the emission peak has a peak emission wavelength in the range from 590 nm to 750nm, preferably in the range from 610 nm to 650 nm. In the present embodiment, the composite particles 1 emit red light.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one emission peak, wherein the emission peak has a peak emission wavelength ranging from 750nm to 50 μm. In the present embodiment, the composite particles 1 emit near-infrared light, intermediate-infrared light, or far-infrared light.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 emit secondary light of a different wavelength than the primary light.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is a light diffuser.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 can absorb incident light having a wavelength of less than 50 microns, 40 microns, 30 microns, 20 microns, 10 microns, 1 micron, 950 nanometers, 900 nanometers, 850 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 750 nanometers, 700 nanometers, 650 nanometers, 600 nanometers, 550 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 450 nanometers, 400 nanometers, 350 nanometers, 300 nanometers, 250 nanometers, or less than 200 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are electrical insulators. In this embodiment, the property of the electrical insulator can avoid quenching of the fluorescence properties of the fluorescent nanoparticles 3 coated on the inorganic material 2 due to electron conduction. In this embodiment, the composite particles 1 may exhibit the same characteristics as those exhibited by the nanoparticles 3 encapsulated in the electrical insulator material, which is the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are electrical conductors. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for applying the composite particles 1 in photovoltaics or Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).
According to one embodiment, the electrical conductivity of the composite particles 1 is 1x10 under standard conditions-20To 107S/m, again with a preference from 1X10-15To 5S/m, more preferably 1X10-7To 1S/m.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a conductivity of at least 1x10 under standard conditions-20S/m、0.5×10-19S/m、1×10-19S/m、0.5×10-18S/m、1×10-18S/m、0.5×10-17S/m、1×10- 17S/m、0.5×10-16S/m、1×10-16S/m、0.5×10-15S/m、1×10-15S/m、0.5×10-14S/m、1×10-14S/m、0.5×10-13S/m、1×10-13S/m、0.5×10-12S/m、1×10-12S/m、0.5×10-11S/m、1×10-11S/m、0.5×10-10S/m、1×10-10S/m、0.5×10-9S/m、1×10-9S/m、0.5×10-8S/m、1×10-8S/m、0.5×10-7S/m、1×10-7S/m、0.5×10-6S/m、1×10-6S/m、0.5×10-5S/m、1×10-5S/m、0.5×10-4S/m、1×10-4S/m、0.5×10-3S/m、1×10-3S/m、0.5×10-2S/m、1×10-2S/m、0.5×10-1S/m、1×10-1S/m、0.5S/m、1S/m、1.5S/m、2S/m、2.5S/m、3S/m、3.5S/m、4S/m、4.5S/m、5S/m、5.5S/m、6S/m、6.5S/m、7S/m、7.5S/m、8S/m、8.5S/m、9S/m、9.5S/m、10S/m、50S/m、102S/m、5×102S/m、103S/m、5×103S/m、104S/m、5×104S/m、105S/m、5×105S/m、106S/m、5×106S/m or 107S/m。
According to one embodiment, the electrical conductivity of the composite particles 1 can be measured, for example, by an impedance spectrometer.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are thermal insulators.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises a refractory material.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are thermal conductors. In this embodiment, the composite particles 1 are capable of conducting away heat generated by the nanoparticles 3 coated with the inorganic material 2 or heat generated from the environment.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.1 to 450W/(m.k), preferably 1 to 200W/(m.k), more preferably 10 to 150W/(m.k) under standard conditions.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the composite particles 1 under standard conditions is at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2., 2.6W/(m.K), 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K, 5.5W/(m.K), 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K), 2W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.K), 2W/(m.K), 7, 8.4W/(m.K), 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.K), 11.1W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.1W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.3W/(m.K), 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 14.K, 13.7, 14.2W/(m.K), 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 16.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m., 17.1W/(m.K), 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W/(m, 20W/(m.K), 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22, 22.9W/(m.K), 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), and (m.K) 100W/(m.K), 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), etc, 390W/(m.K), 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the composite particles 1 can be determined using, for example, a steady state method or a transient method.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is a localized high temperature heating system.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are hydrophobic.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are hydrophilic.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are uniformly dispersible in an aqueous solvent, an organic solvent, and/or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one peak with a full width at half maximum of less than 90nm, 80nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30nm, 25 nm, 20nm, 15nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one peak whose full width at half maximum must be lower than 90nm, 80nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30nm, 25 nm, 20nm, 15nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one peak with a quarter-peak width of less than 90nm, 80nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30nm, 25 nm, 20nm, 15nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the composite particle 1 has at least one peak, the quarter of which must have a width lower than 90nm, 80nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30nm, 25 nm, 20nm, 15nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a reduction in the photon efficiency (PLQY) of less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours under light irradiation.
According to one embodiment, the light illumination is provided by a blue, green, red, or UV light source, such as a laser light, light emitting diode, fluorescent lamp, or xenon arc lamp. According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the illumination is at 1 μ W.cm-2And 100kW.cm-2More preferably 10mW.cm-2And 100W.cm-2In between, and even more preferably at 10mw.cm-2And 30W.cm-2In the meantime.
According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the illumination is at least 1mw-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2-、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2，1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2。
According to one embodiment, the described light irradiation is a continuous illumination.
According to one embodiment, the described light irradiation uses a pulsed light source. This embodiment is particularly advantageous as it allows time for the heat generated by the composite particles 1 and/or the charge generated from the nanoparticles 3 to be conducted, evacuated. Furthermore, because of the longer lifetime obtainable with pulsed light excitation for some of the nanoparticles 3 described. I.e. for some nanoparticles 3, the degradation under continuous light is faster than under pulsed light.
According to one embodiment, the described light irradiation uses a pulsed light source. In this embodiment, if the material is continuously illuminated, and the light source or illuminated material is regularly or periodically removed (turned off) during this period, the light can be considered as pulsed light. This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it allows time for heat and/or charge to be evacuated from the nanoparticles 3.
According to one embodiment, each off time (or non-illumination time) of the pulsed light is at least 1 microsecond, 2 microseconds, 3 microseconds, 4 microseconds, 5 microseconds, 6 microseconds, 7 microseconds, 8 microseconds, 9 microseconds, 10 microseconds, 11 microseconds, 12 microseconds, 13 microseconds, 14 microseconds, 15 microseconds, 16 microseconds, 17 microseconds, 18 microseconds, 19 microseconds, 20 microseconds, 21 microseconds, 22 microseconds, 23 microseconds, 24 microseconds, 25 microseconds, 26 microseconds, 27 microseconds, 28 microseconds, 29 microseconds, 30 microseconds, 31 microseconds, 32 microseconds, 33 microseconds, 34 microseconds, 35 microseconds, 36 microseconds, 37 microseconds, 38 microseconds, 39 microseconds, 40 microseconds, 41 microseconds, 42 microseconds, 43 microseconds, 44 microseconds, 45 microseconds, 46 microseconds, 47 microseconds, 48 microseconds, 49 microseconds, 50 microseconds, 100 microseconds, 150 microseconds, 200 microseconds, 250 microseconds, 300 microseconds, 350 microseconds, 30 microseconds, or less, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 47, or 49 centiseconds.
According to one embodiment, the pulsed light is turned on for at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 8, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 6, 4, 400, 2, 46 microseconds, 47 microseconds, 48 microseconds, 49 microseconds, or 50 microseconds.
According to one embodiment, the frequency of the irradiation period of the pulsed light is at least 10 Hz, 11 Hz, 12 Hz, 13 Hz, 14 Hz, 15 Hz, 16 Hz, 17 Hz, 18 Hz, 19 Hz, 20 Hz, 21 Hz, 22 Hz, 23 Hz, 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz, 30 Hz, 31 Hz, 32 Hz, 33 Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40 Hz, 41 Hz, 42 Hz, 43 Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, 250 Hz, 300 Hz, 350 Hz, 400 Hz, 450 Hz, 500 Hz, 550 Hz, 600 Hz, 650 Hz, 700 Hz, 750 Hz, 800 Hz, 850 Hz, 900 Hz, 50 Hz, 30 Hz, 23 Hz, 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 800 Hz, 50 Hz, Hz, 950 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, 6 kHz, 7 kHz, 8 kHz, 9 kHz, 10 kHz, 11 kHz, 12 kHz, 13 kHz, 14 kHz, 15 kHz, 16 kHz, 17 kHz, 18 kHz, 19 kHz, 20 kHz, 21 kHz, 22 kHz, 23 kHz, 24 kHz, 25 kHz, 26 kHz, 27 kHz, 28 kHz, 29 kHz, 30 kHz, 31 kHz, 32 kHz, 33 kHz, 34 kHz, 35 kHz, 36 kHz, 37 kHz, 38 kHz, 39 kHz, 40 kHz, 41 kHz, 42 kHz, 43 kHz, 44 kHz, 45 kHz, 46 kHz, 47 kHz, 48 kHz, 49 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz, 150 kHz, 200 kHz, 300 kHz, 400 kHz, 500 kHz, 700 kHz, 400 kHz, 700 kHz, 600 kHz, 400 kHz, 30 kHz, 31 kHz, 30 kHz, 31 kHz, 32 kHz, 33 kHz, 34 kHz, 35 kHz, 30 kHz, 50, 100 kHz, 150 kHz, 200 kHz, 300 kHz, 400, 500 kHz, 700, 500 kHz, 750 khz, 800 khz, 850 khz, 900 khz, 950 khz, 1 mhz, 2 mhz, 3 mhz, 4 mhz, 5 mhz, 6 mhz, 7 mhz, 8 mhz, 9 mhz, 10 mhz, 11 mhz, 12 mhz, 13 mhz, 14 mhz, 15 mhz, 16 mhz, 17 mhz, 18 mhz, 19 mhz, 20 mhz, 21 mhz, 22 mhz, 23 mhz, 24 mhz, 25 mhz, 26 mhz, 27, 28 mhz, 29 mhz, 30 mhz, 31 mhz, 32 mhz, 33 mhz, 34 mhz, 35 mhz, 36, 37 mhz, 38 mhz, 39 mhz, 40, 41 mhz, 42 mhz, 43 mhz, 44 mhz, 45, 46 mhz, 47, 48 mhz, 49 mhz, 50 mhz, or 100 mhz.
According to one embodiment, the light impinging on the composite particles 1, nanoparticles 3 and/or luminescent material 7 has a light spot area of at least 10 square microns, 20 square microns, 30 square microns, 40 square microns, 50 square microns, 60 square microns, 70 square microns, 80 square microns, 90 square microns, 100 square microns, 200 square microns, 300 square microns, 400 square microns, 500 square microns, 600 square microns, 700 square microns, 800 square microns, 900 square microns, 10 square microns3Square micron, 104Square micron, 105Square micrometer, 1 square millimeter, 10 square millimeter, 20 square millimeter, 30 square millimeter, 40 square millimeter, 50 square millimeter, 60 square millimeter, 70 square millimeter, 80 square millimeter, 90 square millimeter, 100 square millimeter, 200 square millimeter, 300 square millimeter, 400 square millimeter, 500 square millimeter, 600 square millimeter, 700 square millimeter, 800 square millimeter, 900 square millimeter, 10 square millimeter3Square millimeter, 104Square millimeter, 105Square millimeters, 1 square meter, 10 square meters, 20 square meters, 30 square meters, 40 square meters, 50 square meters, 60 square meters, 70 square meters, 80 square meters, 90 square meters, or 100 square meters.
According to one embodiment, the composite materialWhen the particles 1, nanoparticles 3 and/or luminescent material 7 are excited by the pulsed light, the peak pulse power of the pulsed light reaches at least 1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2-、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2，400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2、100kW.cm-2、200kW.cm-2、300kW.cm-2、400kW.cm-2、500kW.cm-2、600kW.cm-2、700kW·cm-2、800kW.cm-2、900kW.cm-2Or 1MW.cm-2In this case, the particles or materials may be in the range of light emission saturation.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1, nanoparticles 3 and/or luminescent material 7 are excited by continuous light with a power of at least 1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2-、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2，400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2Or 1kW.cm-2In this case, the particles or materials may be in the range of light emission saturation.
When the particle is excited by a higher luminous flux and cannot emit more photons, the particle reaches the luminous saturation. In other words, a higher light flux does not result in a higher number of photons being emitted by the particle.
According to one embodiment, the FCE (frequency conversion efficiency) of the light-activated composite particles 1, nanoparticles 3 and/or luminescent material 7 is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%. In this embodiment, the FCE is measured using 480 nm light.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are irradiated with light, wherein the average luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the irradiated light is at least 1mw-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W·cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2And the irradiation time is at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000. After 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PQLY) of the composite particle 1 decreases by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are irradiated with light, wherein the average luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the irradiated light is at least 1mw-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W·cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2And the FCE of the composite particle 1 decreases by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours after irradiation with an irradiation time of at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 10, 4, 3, 2, 1% or.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has an average fluorescence lifetime (fluoroncelifetime) of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 6, 7, 8, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49 nanoseconds, 50 nanoseconds, 100 nanoseconds, 150 nanoseconds, 200 nanoseconds, 250 nanoseconds, 300 nanoseconds, 350 nanoseconds, 400 nanoseconds, 450 nanoseconds, 500 nanoseconds, 550 nanoseconds, 600 nanoseconds, 650 nanoseconds, 700 nanoseconds, 750 nanoseconds, 800 nanoseconds, 850 nanoseconds, 900 nanoseconds, 950 nanoseconds, or 1 microsecond.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are irradiated with light, wherein the average luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the irradiated light is at least 1mw-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W·cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2And the irradiation time is at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000. 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000, or 50000 hours later, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PQLY) of the composite particle 1 decreases by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%. In the present embodiment, the preferred type of the composite particle 1 is a quantum dot, a semiconductor nanoparticle, a semiconductor nanocrystal or a semiconductor nanosheet.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite particles 1 are irradiated with light having an average luminous flux or an average peak pulse power of at least 1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W·cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2And the irradiation time is at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000, or 5000After 0 hours, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PQLY) of the composite particle 1 decreased by less than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are irradiated with light, wherein the average luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the irradiated light is at least 1mw-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W·cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2And the FCE of the composite particle 1 decreases by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours after irradiation with an irradiation time of at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 10, 4, 3, 2, 1% or. In the present embodiment, the preferred type of the composite particle 1 is a quantum dot, a semiconductor nanoparticle, a semiconductor nanocrystal or a semiconductor nanosheet.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite particles 1 are irradiated with light, wherein the average luminous flux or average peak value of the irradiated lightThe pulse power is at least 1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W·cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2And the FCE of the composite particle 1 decreases by less than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours after irradiation times of at least 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 6000, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 25000, 42000, or 50000.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are free of surfactant. In this embodiment, the surface of the composite particle 1 can be easily modified or functionalized because the surface is not blocked by any surfactant molecules.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not surfactant free.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are amorphous.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are crystalline.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are completely crystalline.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are partially crystalline.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is a single crystal.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are polycrystalline. In the present embodiment, the composite particle 1 includes at least one grain boundary.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are colloidal particles.
According to one embodiment, it is preferred that the composite particle 1 does not comprise spherical porous beads, and that the composite particle 1 does not comprise porous beads having a spherical shape in the center.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise spherical porous beads, characterized in that the nanoparticles 3 may be linked to the surface of the spherical porous beads.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 do not comprise beads and nanoparticles 3 having opposite electronic charges.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are porous.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are such that, when the composite particles 1 adsorb more than 20cm of nitrogen as measured by Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) theory, at 650 mm Hg or more preferably at 700 mm Hg3/g、15cm3/g、10cm3/g、5cm3In/g, it can be considered to be a porous material.
According to one embodiment, the porosity of the composite particles 1 may be hexagonal, vermicular or cubic.
According to one embodiment, the organized pores of the composite particles 1 have a pore size of at least 1nm, 1.5nm, 2nm, 2.5nm, 3nm, 3.5nm, 4nm, 4.5nm, 5nm, 5.5nm, 6nm, 6.5nm, 7nm, 7.5nm, 8nm, 8.5nm, 9nm, 9.5nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm, 20nm, 21 nm, 22 nm, 23 nm, 24 nm, 25 nm, 26 nm, 27 nm, 28 nm, 29 nm, 30nm, 31 nm, 32 nm, 33 nm, 34 nm, 35 nm, 36 nm, 37 nm, 38 nm, 39 nm, 40nm, 41 nm, 42 nm, 43 nm, 44 nm, 45 nm, 46 nm, 47 nm, 48 nm, 49 nm or 50 nm.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are non-porous.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have an adsorption capacity of less than 20cm, measured by adsorption-separation of nitrogen using Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) theory, when the composite particles 1 adsorb at 650 mm Hg or more preferably at 700 mm Hg3/g、15cm3/g、10cm3/g、5cm3In terms of/g, is considered to be non-porous.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise pores or cavities.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are permeable.
According to one embodiment, the permeable composite particles 1 have an intrinsic permeability to fluids higher than or equal to 10-11cm2、10-10cm2、10-9cm2、10-8cm2、10-7cm2、10-6cm2、10-5cm2、10-4cm2Or 10-3cm2。
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are impermeable to various molecules, gases or liquids external to the particles. In the present embodiment, the external molecules, gases or liquids refer to the molecules, gases or liquids outside the composite particles 1.
According to one embodiment, the impermeable composite particle 1 has an intrinsic permeability to a fluid of less than or equal to 10-11cm2、10-12cm2、10-13cm2、10-14cm2Or 10-15cm2。
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1, at room temperature, have an oxygen permeability ranging from 10-7To 10cm3.m- 2.day-1Preferably 10-7To 1cm3.m-2.day-1More preferably 10-7To 10-1cm3.m-2.day-1Even more preferably from 10-7To 10-4cm3.m-2.day-1。
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a permeability to water vapor ranging from 10 at room temperature-7To 10-2g.day-1Preference is from 10-7To 1g.m-2.day-1More preferably from 10-7To 10-1G.m-2.day-1Even more preferably from 10-7To 10-4g.m-2.day-1. Generally 10-6g.m-2.day-1 toWater vapor transmission is suitable for Light Emitting Diode (LED) applications.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles have a primary property less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years later than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a shelf life of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% deterioration of its main properties at a temperature of at least 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% deterioration of its primary properties at a humidity of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% deterioration of its primary properties at a temperature of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% and a humidity of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 55%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are cured after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 7 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years at a humidity of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration occurs for its primary properties.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% of its primary properties after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of at least 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30%, 5%, 4%, or 300 ℃ 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% deterioration.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are at a temperature of at least 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and a humidity of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% over a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration occurs for its primary properties.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or less than 100% of its primary properties after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at an ambient oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 10%, or less, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% deterioration.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is formed by subjecting the composite particle 1 to at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% or less of ambient oxygen concentration at a temperature of at least 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2, 2.5 years, 2.5, After 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration occurs in its primary properties.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are present in an ambient oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 10 years 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% or less and in a humidity of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years 5 years, After 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration in its main properties occurs.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are at an ambient oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 10 years 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% or less, and at a temperature of at least 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, and at a humidity of at least 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, over a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, a, Less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration in its primary characteristics occurs after 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years.
According to one embodiment, the specific characteristics of the composite particle 1 include one or more of the following characteristics: fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence performance that degrades by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 5%, 3%, 5%, 2%, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, month, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years.
Photoluminescence refers to fluorescence and/or phosphorescence.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence characteristic that is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ degraded at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence characteristic that is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% degraded at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% humidity.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence characteristic that is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% degraded at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of its photoluminescent properties is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a degradation of the photoluminescent property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 40%, 10%, 70%, 5%, 25%, 4%, 20%, or 300 ℃ 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years later, the degradation of its photoluminescent properties is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a degradation of the photoluminescent property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 25%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the photoluminescence property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 35%, 40%, 80%, 85, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, The degradation of the photoluminescent properties after a period of 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a molecular oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9% or 100%, and at least 1 month, 5, 4.5, 5, or more, After 9.5 years or 10 years, the photoluminescence characteristics of the composition deteriorate by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a molecular oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 months, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 months, or 100%, Less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% deterioration in photoluminescent properties after a period of 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 4%, 3%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 18%, 2%, 2.5%, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 3, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a% degradation of Photoluminescence (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 25%, 10%, 4%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% humidity after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, or 10% humidity, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 60%, 70 ℃, 80%, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, and a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 10 ℃, 200 ℃, or 300 ℃ 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years later, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the yield of photoluminescence Photons (PLQY) of the composite particle 1 is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 15%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, The degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after a period of 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a molecular oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9% or 100%, and at least 1 month, 5, 4.5, 5, or more, After 9.5 or 10 years, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thereof deteriorates by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a molecular oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 months, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 months, or 100%, After a period of 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thereof deteriorates by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 5 years, 10 years.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a degradation of FCE of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a degradation of FCE of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 85%, 90%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 60%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 200 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a FCE that deteriorates less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 1%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% humidity after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 200 ℃, 80%, 90%, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10% after a period of at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years later, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 has a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, After a period of 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a molecular oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9% or 100%, and at least 1 month, 5, 4.5, 5, or more, After 9.5 or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is at a molecular oxygen concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 months, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 months, or 100%, FCE degradation after a period of 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is optically transparent, i.e. the composite particle 1 is transparent at a wavelength between 200nm to 50 μ ι η, 200nm to 10 μ ι η, 200nm to 2500nm, 200nm to 2000nm, 200nm to 1500nm, 200nm to 1000nm, 200nm to 800nm, 400nm to 700nm, 400nm to 600nm or 400nm to 470 nm.
According to one embodiment, each nanoparticle 3 is completely surrounded or encapsulated in the inorganic material 2 by the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, each nanoparticle 3 is partially surrounded or encapsulated in the inorganic material 2 by the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35% 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 1% or 0% of nanoparticles 3 on its surface.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 do not comprise nanoparticles 3 on their surface. In this embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are completely surrounded by the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, at least 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% or 1% of nanoparticles 3 are comprised in the inorganic material 2. In this embodiment, each of said nanoparticles 3 is completely surrounded by an inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 located on the surface of said composite particle 1. This embodiment is advantageous because at least one nanoparticle 3 will be excited better by incident light than if said nanoparticle 3 were dispersed in the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 comprise nanoparticles 3 dispersed in an inorganic material 2, i.e. they are completely surrounded by said inorganic material 2; and at least one nanoparticle 3 is located on the surface of the luminescent particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 comprise nanoparticles 3 dispersed in an inorganic material 2, characterized in that said nanoparticles 3 emit a wavelength in the range of 500 to 560 nm; and at least one nanoparticle 3 is located on the surface of the composite particle 1, wherein the at least one nanoparticle 3 emits a wavelength in the range of 600 to 2500 nm.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 comprise nanoparticles 3 dispersed in an inorganic material 2, characterized in that said nanoparticles 3 emit at a wavelength ranging from 600 to 2500 nm; and at least one nanoparticle 3 is located on the surface of the composite particle 1, wherein the at least one nanoparticle 3 emits a wavelength in the range of 500 to 560 nm.
According to one embodiment, at least one nanoparticle 3 located on the surface of the composite particle 1 may be chemically or physically adsorbed on the surface.
According to one embodiment, at least one nanoparticle 3 located on the surface of the composite particle 1 may be adsorbed on the surface.
According to one embodiment, at least one nanoparticle 3 located on the surface of the composite particle 1 may be adsorbed on the surface by cement.
According to one embodiment, examples of cement include, but are not limited to: a polymer, a silicone, an oxide, or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, at least one nanoparticle 3 located on the surface of the composite particle 1 may be at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of its volume enclosed in the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the plurality of nanoparticles 3 are evenly spaced on the surface of the composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, each nanoparticle 3 of the plurality of nanoparticles 3 is spaced from its neighboring nanoparticles 3 by an average minimum distance, said average minimum distance being as described above.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are homogeneous.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is not a core/shell structure, wherein the core does not comprise the nanoparticles 3 and the shell comprises the nanoparticles 3.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is a heterostructure comprising a core 11 and at least one shell 12.
According to one embodiment, the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises an inorganic material 21. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 21 is the same as or different from the inorganic material 2 contained in the core 11 of the core/shell-derived particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises the nanoparticles 3 as described herein, whereas the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 does not comprise the nanoparticles 3.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises the nanoparticle 3 as described herein, whereas the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises the nanoparticle 3.
According to one embodiment, the obtained core/shell particle 1 has nanoparticles 3 contained in the core 11 identical to nanoparticles 3 contained in the shell 12.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the obtained core/shell particle 1 is different in the nanoparticle 3 contained in the core 11 from the nanoparticle 3 contained in the shell 12. In this example, the resulting core/shell particles 1 will exhibit different properties.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 selected from the group consisting of: magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
In a preferred embodiment, the obtained core 11 and shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1 comprise at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein the luminescent nanoparticles have different emission wavelengths. This means that the core 11 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle and the shell 12 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle, said luminescent nanoparticles having different emission wavelengths.
In a preferred embodiment, the core 11 of the core/shell particle 1 and the shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1 comprise at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits wavelengths in the range of 500-560nm and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits wavelengths in the range of 600-2500 nm. In this embodiment, the core 11 of the core/shell particle 1 and the shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1, comprising at least one luminescent nanoparticle, emits in the green region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle in the red region of the visible spectrum, so that the pairing of the obtained core/shell particle 1 with a blue LED will become a white emitter.
In a preferred embodiment, the core 11 of the core/shell particle 1 and the shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1 comprise at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits wavelengths in the range of 400-490nm and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits wavelengths in the range of 600-2500 nm. In the present embodiment, the core 11 of the core/shell particle 1 and the shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1, comprising at least one luminescent nanoparticle, emits in the blue region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle in the red region of the visible spectrum, are thus obtained as white luminophores.
In one embodiment, the core 11 of the core/shell particle 1 and the shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1 comprise at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits at a wavelength in the range of 400-490nm 500-560nm and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits at a wavelength in the range of 500-560 nm. In this embodiment, the core 11 of the core/shell particle 1 and the shell 12 of the core/shell particle 1 comprise at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the green region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the red region of the visible spectrum.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one magnetic nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one plasmonic nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one dielectric nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one piezoelectric nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, thermoelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one pyroelectric nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one ferroelectric nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one light scattering nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one electrically insulating nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one thermally insulating nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the core 11 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one catalytic nanoparticle and the shell 12 of the obtained core/shell particle 1 comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, or thermally insulating nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the shell 12 of the composite particle 1 is at least 0.1nm, 0.2nm, 0.3nm, 0.4nm, 0.5nm, 1nm, 1.5nm, 2nm, 2.5nm, 3nm, 3.5nm, 4nm, 4.5nm, 5nm, 5.5nm, 6nm, 6.5nm, 7nm, 7.5nm, 8nm, 8.5nm, 9nm, 9.5nm, 10nm, 10.5nm, 11nm, 11.5nm, 12nm, 12.5nm, 13nm, 13.5nm, 14nm, 14.5nm, 15nm, 15.5nm, 16nm, 16.5nm, 17nm, 17.5nm, 18nm, 18.5nm, 19nm, 19.5nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 100nm, 110nm, 160nm, 150nm, 200nm, 300nm, 200, 750nm, 800nm, 850nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8 μm, 8.5 μm, 9 μm, 9.5 μm, 10 μm, 10.5 μm, 11 μm, 11.5 μm, 12 μm, 12.5 μm, 13 μm, 13.5 μm, 14 μm, 14.5 μm, 15 μm, 15.5 μm, 16 μm, 16.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18 μm, 18.5 μm, 19 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21.5 μm, 17 μm, 17.5 μm, 18.5 μm, 19.5 μm, 20 μm, 20.5 μm, 21.5 μm, 22.5 μm, 23.5 μm, 25 μm, 26 μm, 25 μm, 24.5 μm, 26 μm, 25 μm, 25.5 μm, 26 μm, 5 μm, 26 μm, 25 μm, 26, 32 μm, 32.5 μm, 33 μm, 33.5 μm, 34 μm, 34.5 μm, 35 μm, 35.5 μm, 36 μm, 36.5 μm, 37 μm, 37.5 μm, 38 μm, 38.5 μm, 39 μm, 39.5 μm, 40 μm, 40.5 μm, 41 μm, 41.5 μm, 42 μm, 42.5 μm, 43 μm, 43.5 μm, 44 μm, 44.5 μm, 45 μm, 45.5 μm, 46 μm, 46.5 μm, 47 μm, 47.5 μm, 48 μm, 48.5 μm, 49 μm, 49.5 μm, 50 μm, 50.5 μm, 51 μm, 51.5 μm, 52 μm, 52.5 μm, 53.5 μm, 54.5 μm, 57.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 60 μm, 61 μm, 59.5 μm, 60 μm, 60.5 μm, 61 μm, 60 μm, 64.5 μm, 65 μm, 65.5 μm, 66 μm, 66.5 μm, 67 μm, 67.5 μm, 68 μm, 68.5 μm, 69 μm, 69.5 μm, 70 μm, 70.5 μm, 71 μm, 71.5 μm, 72 μm, 72.5 μm, 73 μm, 73.5 μm, 74 μm, 74.5 μm, 75 μm, 75.5 μm, 76 μm, 76.5 μm, 77 μm, 77.5 μm, 78 μm, 78.5 μm, 79 μm, 79.5 μm, 80 μm, 80.5 μm, 81 μm, 81.5 μm, 82 μm, 82.5 μm, 83 μm, 83.5 μm, 84 μm, 84.5 μm, 85 μm, 85.5 μm, 86.5 μm, 91.5 μm, 94 μm, 89.5 μm, 93 μm, 94 μm, 93.5 μm, 89.5 μm, 93 μm, 95 μm, 5 μm, 95.5 μm, 5 μm, 95 μm, 5 μm, 93 μm, 5 μm, 95.5 μm, 5 μm, 95 μm, 5 μm, and a, 97 μm, 97.5 μm, 98 μm, 98.5 μm, 99 μm, 99.5 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, 800 μm, 850 μm, 900 μm, 950 μm, or 1mm.
According to one embodiment, the shell 12 of the composite particle 1 has a uniform thickness over the entire core 11, i.e. the shell 12 of the composite particle 1 has the same thickness over the entire core 11.
According to one embodiment, the shell 12 of the composite particle 1 has a uniform thickness over the entire core 11, i.e. the shell 12 of the composite particle 1 has the same thickness over the entire core 11, i.e. the thickness varies along the core 11.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 is not a core/shell particle, wherein the core is an aggregate of metal particles and the shell comprises the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are core/shell particles, wherein the core is filled with a solvent and the shell comprises nanoparticles 3 dispersed in an inorganic material 2, i.e. the composite particles 1 are hollow beads with a solvent filled core.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 may be functionalized. The functionalized composite particles 1 may be further used by dispersing them in a medium.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 of the present invention may be functionalized with specific bridging functional groups including, but not limited to: antigens, steroids, vitamins, drugs, haptens, metabolites, toxins, environmental pollutants, amino acids, peptides, proteins, antibodies, polysaccharides, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, psoralens, hormones, nucleic acids, nucleic acid polymers, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, liposomes, lipophilic polymers, synthetic polymers, polymeric particles, biological cells, viruses, and combinations thereof. Preferred peptides include, but are not limited to: neuropeptides, cytokines, toxins, protease substrates, and protein kinase substrates. Preferred protein conjugates comprise enzymes, antibodies, lectins, glycoproteins, histones, albumins, lipoproteins, avidin, streptavidin A, protein G, phycobiliproteins and other fluorescent proteins, hormones, toxins and growth factors. Preferred nucleic acid polymers are single-or multi-stranded, natural or synthetic DNA or RNA oligonucleotides or DNA/RNA hybrids or incorporate unusual bridges, such as morpholine derived phosphides or units such as N-peptide nucleic acid (2-aminoethyl) glycine, wherein said nucleic acid comprises less than 50 nucleotides, more typically less than 25 nucleotides. The functionalization of the composite particles 1 of the present invention can be prepared using techniques known in the art.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is physically and chemically stable under different conditions. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 remains physically and chemically stable at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 remains physically and chemically stable at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% and over at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 remains physically and chemically stable at ambient oxygen concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, and over at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and is physically and chemically stable over at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 9, or 10 years. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is selected from the group consisting of at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, and 100% of ambient oxygen concentration, and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and is physically and chemically stable over at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 9, or 10 years. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is at an ambient oxygen concentration of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ and over a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, are physically and chemically stable. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand the conditions to which the composite particles 1 will be subjected.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is stable under acidic conditions, i.e. at a pH of less than or equal to 7. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is sufficiently strong to withstand the acidic conditions under which the properties of the composite particles 1 are preserved.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is stable under alkaline conditions, i.e. at a pH above 7. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is strong enough to withstand alkaline conditions, i.e. the properties of the composite particles 1 are preserved under such conditions.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 acts as a barrier to prevent oxidation of the nanoparticles 3.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic material 2 under standard conditions is in the range of 0.1 to 450W/(m.k), preferably 1 to 200W/(m.k), more preferably 10 to 150W/(m.k).
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic material 2 under standard conditions is at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic material 2 can be determined, for example, by a steady state method or a transient method.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is not thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises a refractory material.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is an electrical insulator. In this embodiment, the property of the electrical insulator can avoid quenching of the fluorescence properties of the fluorescent nanoparticles 3 coated on the inorganic material 2 due to electron conduction. In this embodiment, the composite particles 1 may exhibit the same characteristics as those exhibited by the nanoparticles 3 encapsulated in an electrical insulator material, which is the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is electrically conductive. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for application in composite particles 1 for photovoltaics or Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 has a conductivity of 1 × 10 under standard conditions-20To 107S/m, preferably from 1X10-15To 5S/m, more preferably 1X10-7To 1S/m.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 has a conductivity of at least 1x10 under standard conditions-20S/m、0.5×10-19S/m、1×10-19S/m、0.5×10-18S/m、1×10-18S/m、0.5×10-17S/m、1×10-17S/m、0.5×10-16S/m、1×10-16S/m、0.5×10-15S/m、1×10-15S/m、0.5×10-14S/m、1×10-14S/m、0.5×10-13S/m、1×10-13S/m、0.5×10-12S/m、1×10-12S/m、0.5×10-11S/m、1×10-11S/m、0.5×10-10S/m、1×10-10S/m、0.5×10-9S/m、1×10-9S/m、0.5×10-8S/m、1×10-8S/m、0.5×10-7S/m、1×10-7S/m、0.5×10-6S/m、1×10-6S/m、0.5×10-5S/m、1×10-5S/m、0.5×10-4S/m、1×10-4S/m、0.5×10- 3S/m、1×10-3S/m、0.5×10-2S/m、1×10-2S/m、0.5×10-1S/m、1×10-1S/m、0.5S/m、1S/m、1.5S/m、2S/m、2.5S/m、3S/m、3.5S/m、4S/m、4.5S/m、5S/m、5.5S/m、6S/m、6.5S/m、7S/m、7.5S/m、8S/m、8.5S/m、9S/m、9.5S/m、10S/m、50S/m、102S/m、5×102S/m、103S/m、5×103S/m、104S/m、5×104S/m、105S/m、5×105S/m、106S/m、5×106S/m or 107S/m。
According to one embodiment, the electrical conductivity of the inorganic material 2 may be measured, for example, with an impedance spectrometer.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 has an energy gap greater than or equal to 3 eV.
When the inorganic material 2 has an energy gap of 3eV or more, that is, it is optically transparent to UV and blue light.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 has a bandgap of at least 3.0eV, 3.1eV, 3.2eV, 3.3eV, 3.4eV, 3.5eV, 3.6eV, 3.7eV, 3.8eV, 3.9eV, 4.0eV, 4.1eV, 4.2eV, 4.3eV, 4.4eV, 4.5eV, 4.6eV, 4.7eV, 4.8eV, 4.9eV, 5.0eV, 5.1eV, 5.2eV, 5.3eV, 5.4eV, or 5.5 eV.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 has an extinction coefficient less than or equal to 15x10 at a wavelength of 460nm-5。
According to one embodiment, the extinction coefficient is measured by an absorbance measurement technique, such as measuring an absorbance spectrum or any other method known in the art.
According to one embodiment, the extinction coefficient is determined by dividing the length of the path of light by the absorbance of the measurement sample.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is amorphous.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is crystalline.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is crystalline complete.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is partially crystalline.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is monocrystalline.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is polycrystalline. In the present embodiment, the inorganic material 2 includes at least one grain boundary.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is hydrophobic.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is hydrophilic.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is porous.
According to one embodiment, inorganic material 2 adsorbs more than 20cm of nitrogen as measured by Brunox Emmett Teller (BET) theory when inorganic material 2 adsorbs at 650 mm Hg or more preferably 700 mm Hg3/g、15cm3/g、10cm3/g、5cm3In/g, it can be considered to be a porous material.
According to one embodiment, the porosity of the inorganic material 2 may be hexagonal, vermicular or cubic in structure.
According to one embodiment, the organized porosity of the inorganic material 2, the pore diameter is at least 1 nanometer, 1.5 nanometers, 2 nanometers, 2.5 nanometers, 3 nanometers, 3.5 nanometers, 4 nanometers, 4.5 nanometers, 5 nanometers, 5.5 nanometers, 6 nanometers, 6.5 nanometers, 7 nanometers, 7.5 nanometers, 8 nanometers, 8.5 nanometers, 9 nanometers, 9.5 nanometers, 10 nanometers, 11 nanometers, 12 nanometers, 13 nanometers, 14 nanometers, 15 nanometers, 16 nanometers, 17 nanometers, 18 nanometers, 19 nanometers, 20 nanometers, 21 nanometers, 22 nanometers, 23 nanometers, 24 nanometers, 25 nanometers, 26 nanometers, 27 nanometers, 28 nanometers, 29 nanometers, 30 nanometers, 31 nanometers, 32 nanometers, 33 nanometers, 34 nanometers, 35 nanometers, 36 nanometers, 37 nanometers, 38 nanometers, 39 nanometers, 40 nanometers, 41 nanometers, 42 nanometers, 43 nanometers, 44 nanometers, 45 nanometers, 46 nanometers, 47 nanometers, 48 nanometers, 49 nanometers or 50 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is not porous.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2, when measured by adsorption-separation of nitrogen using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory, adsorbs in an amount greater than 20cm of the composite particles 1 at 650 mm Hg or, more preferably, 700 mm Hg3/g、15cm3/g、10cm3/g、5cm3In terms of/g, is considered to be non-porous.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not contain pores or cavities.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is permeable. In the present embodiment, molecules, gas, or liquid other than the inorganic material 2 are permeable.
According to one embodiment, the permeable inorganic material 2 has a permeability for fluids higher than or equal to 10-11cm2、10-10cm2、10-9cm2、10-8cm2、10-7cm2、10-6cm2、10-5cm2、10-4cm2Or 10-3cm2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is impermeable to external molecules, gases or liquids. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 may limit or prevent the deterioration of the chemical and physical properties of the nanoparticles 3 caused by oxygen molecules, ozone, water and/or high temperature.
According to one embodiment, the impermeable inorganic material 2 is a metal oxide or a metal oxidePermeability of fluid less than or equal to 10-11cm2、10-10cm2、10-9cm2、10-8cm2、10-7cm2、10-6cm2、10-5cm2、10-4cm2Or 10-3cm2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 may limit or prevent the diffusion of foreign molecules or fluids (liquids or gases) into said inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the specific properties of the nanoparticles 3 are unchanged after being encapsulated in the composite particles 1.
According to one embodiment, the photoluminescent properties of the nanoparticles 3 are unchanged after being encapsulated in the composite particles 1.
According to one embodiment, the density of the inorganic material 2 is in the range of 1 to 10 g/cc, with preference given to the density of the inorganic material 2 being in the range of 3 to 10 g/cc.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of a specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 3, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of a specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 70 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃,40 ℃, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of a specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of a specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ and a degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% in humidity of 0%, 10%, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 99%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of a specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 25%, 50%, 40%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, a% of which degradation of the specific property is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 10 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 300 ℃, and at a time of at least 1, 5, or 4, 5, or more days After 9.5 years or 10 years, the specific property is degraded by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of a specific property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, DEG C, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, After 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of a particular characteristic is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 5.5 years, After a period of 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of a particular characteristic is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% humidity and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 4 months, 5 months, 1, or 99% Less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% deterioration of a particular characteristic after a period of 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescent property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 3, 2, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescence properties of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 70 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of their photoluminescent properties of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescent property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 70%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃ and a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% at a temperature of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of their photoluminescent properties of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 25%, 50%, 40%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, or 10% after a period of at a humidity of at least 1 day, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a photo-luminescent property that has a degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 60%, 10 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 50 ℃, 20 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 30 ℃, 25 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 10 ℃, 25 ℃, or 300 ℃ and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 2, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 300 ℃, and at a time of at least 1, 5, or 4, 5, or more days After 9.5 years or 10 years, the photoluminescence characteristics of the composition deteriorate by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescent property of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, DEG C, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, The degradation of the photoluminescent properties after a period of 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 5.5 years, The degradation of the photoluminescent properties after a period of 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% humidity and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 4 months, 5 months, 1, or 99% Less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% deterioration in photoluminescent properties after a period of 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 1%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 20, 10, 20, 5,4, 3, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃ and a degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at a temperature of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 70%, 75%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent amount of the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 90 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 10 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the luminescent amount of light degradation (PLQY) is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 25 ℃, or more, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 300 ℃, and at a time of at least 1, 5, or 4, 5, or more days After 9.5 or 10 years, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thereof deteriorates by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 in the inorganic material 2 has a photoluminescence yield (PLQY) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 50%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 15%, 5%, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, DEG C, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, After a period of 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thereof deteriorates by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 5.5 years, The degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) after a period of 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% humidity and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 4 months, 5 months, 1, or 99% A photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) that degrades by less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% after a period of 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of FCE of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 3, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of FCE of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a degradation of FCE of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and a degradation of FCE of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99%, and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 ℃, 20 ℃, 250 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 10 ℃, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 8.5, 9.5 or 10 years after a temperature of 0, 10, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 125 ℃, 60 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and after a period of at least 1 day, 5, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1, 2 months, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 5, 7.5, years, 7, 8, 8.5, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, and at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, and at a time of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 300 ℃, and at a time of at least 1, 5, or 4, 5, or more days After 9.5 or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 have a FCE degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% and after a period of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at an oxygen molecule concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, DEG C, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ and at a temperature of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, After a period of 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a humidity of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 5.5 years, After a period of 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 in the inorganic material 2 are at a concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of molecular oxygen at a temperature of 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃,40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% humidity and at a humidity of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 4 months, 5 months, 1, or 99% FCE degradation after a period of 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is optically transparent, i.e. the inorganic material 2 is transparent at a wavelength between 200nm and 50 micrometer, between 200nm and 10 micrometer, between 200nm and 2500nm, between 200nm and 2000nm, between 200nm and 1500nm, between 200nm and 1000nm, between 200nm and 800nm, between 400nm and 700nm, between 400nm and 600nm or between 400nm and 470 nm. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not absorb all of the incident light, allowing the nanoparticles 3 to absorb some or all of the incident light, and/or the inorganic material 2 does not absorb light emitted by the nanoparticles 3, allowing the emitted light to penetrate the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is not optically transparent, i.e. the inorganic material 2 absorbs light at a wavelength between 200nm and 50 microns, between 200nm and 10 microns, between 200nm and 2500nm, between 200 and 2000nm, between 200nm and 1500nm, between 200nm and 1000nm, between 200 and 800nm, between 400nm and 700nm, between 400nm and 600nm or between 400nm and 470 nm. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 may absorb the incident light such that the nanoparticles 3 absorb only a portion of the incident light, and/or the inorganic material 2 may absorb the light emitted by the nanoparticles 3 such that the emitted light only partially penetrates the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is at least permeable to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of incident light.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 partially penetrates the incident light and emits at least one secondary light. In this embodiment, the resulting combination of light comprises the remaining penetrating incident light.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 absorbs incident light having a wavelength of less than 50 microns, 40 microns, 30 microns, 20 microns, 10 microns, 1 micron, 950 nanometers, 900 nanometers, 850 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 750 nanometers, 700 nanometers, 650 nanometers, 600 nanometers, 550 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 450 nanometers, 400 nanometers, 350 nanometers, 300 nanometers, 250 nanometers, or 200 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 may absorb incident light having a wavelength of less than 460 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the extinction coefficient of inorganic material 2 at 460nm, is less than or equal to 1x10-5、1.1x10-5、1.2x10-5、1.3x10-5、1.4x10-5、1.5x10-5、1.6x10-5、1.7x10-5、1.8x10-5、1.9x10-5、2x10-5、3x10-5、4x10-5、5x10-5、6x10-5、7x10-5、8x10-5、9x10-5、10x10-5、11x10-5、12x10-5、13x10-5、14x10-5、15x10-5、16x10-5、17x10-5、18x10-5、19x10-5、20x10-5、21x10-5、22x10-5、23x10-5、24x10-5Or 25x10-5。
According to one embodiment, the attenuation coefficient of the inorganic material 2 at 460 nanometers is less than or equal to 1x10-2cm-1、1x10- 1cm-1、0.5x10-1cm-1、0.1cm-1、0.2cm-1、0.3cm-1、0.4cm-1、0.5cm-1、0.6cm-1、0.7cm-1、0.8cm-1、0.9cm-1、1cm-1、1.1cm-1、1.2cm-1、1.3cm-1、1.4cm-1、1.5cm-1、1.6cm-1、1.7cm-1、1.8cm-1、1.9cm-1、2.0cm-1、2.5cm-1、3.0cm-1、3.5cm-1、4.0cm-1、4.5cm-1、5.0cm-1、5.5cm-1、6.0cm-1、6.5cm-1、7.0cm-1、7.5cm-1、8.0cm-1、8.5cm-1、9.0cm-1、9.5cm-1、10cm-1、15cm-1、20cm-1、25cm-1Or 30cm-1。
According to one embodiment, the attenuation coefficient of the inorganic material 2 at 450nm is less than or equal to 1x10-2cm-1、1x10- 1cm-1、0.5x10-1cm-1、0.1cm-1、0.2cm-1、0.3cm-1、0.4cm-1、0.5cm-1、0.6cm-1、0.7cm-1、0.8cm-1、0.9cm-1、1cm-1、1.1cm-1、1.2cm-1、1.3cm-1、1.4cm-1、1.5cm-1、1.6cm-1、1.7cm-1、1.8cm-1、1.9cm-1、2.0cm-1、2.5cm-1、3.0cm-1、3.5cm-1、4.0cm-1、4.5cm-1、5.0cm-1、5.5cm-1、6.0cm-1、6.5cm-1、7.0cm-1、7.5cm-1、8.0cm-1、8.5cm-1、9.0cm-1、9.5cm-1、10cm-1、15cm-1、20cm-1、25cm-1Or 30cm-1。
According to one embodiment, the optical absorption cross-section of the inorganic material 2 at 460nm is less than or equal to 1.10-35cm2、1.10-34cm2、1.10-33cm2、1.10-32cm2、1.10-31cm2、1.10-30cm2、1.10-29cm2、1.10-28cm2、1.10-27cm2、1.10-26cm2、1.10-25cm2、1.10-24cm2、1.10-23cm2、1.10-22cm2、1.10-21cm2、1.10-20cm2、1.10-19cm2、1.10-18cm2、1.10-17cm2、1.10-16cm2、1.10-15cm2、1.10-14cm2、1.10-13cm2、1.10-12cm2、1.10-11cm2、1.10-10cm2、1.10-9cm2、1.10-8cm2、1.10-7cm2、1.10-6cm2、1.10-5cm2、1.10-4cm2、1.10-3cm2、1.10-2cm2Or 1.10-1cm2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise organic molecules, organic groups or polymer chains.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise a polymer.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises an inorganic polymer.
According to one embodiment, the elements of the composition of the inorganic material 2 comprise at least one of the following types of materials: halides, chalcogenides, phosphides, sulfides, metalloids, metal alloys, ceramics, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glass, enamel, ceramics, stone, gemstones, pigments, cement and/or inorganic polymers. The inorganic material 2 is prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the elements of the composition of the inorganic material 2 comprise at least one of the following types of materials: halides, chalcogenides, phosphides, sulfides, metalloids, metal alloys, ceramics, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, enamels, ceramics, stones, gemstones, pigments and/or cements. The inorganic material 2 is prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the composition of the inorganic material 2 is selected from an oxide material, a semiconductor material, a wide-gap semiconductor material or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of semiconductor materials include, but are not limited to: group III-V semiconductors, group II-VI semiconductors, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of wide energy gap semiconductor materials include, but are not limited to: silicon carbide SiC, aluminum nitride AlN, gallium nitride GaN, boron nitride BN or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of a zirconia/silica mixture: sixZr1-xO2Wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. In this embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is preceded by a material that is resistant to any pH range from 0 to 14, so that it protects the nanoparticles 3 better.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of Si0.8Zr0.2O2And (4) forming.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of SixZr1-XOZMixture composition of 0<x is less than or equal to 1 and 0<z≤3。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of HfO2/SiO2The mixture: sixHf1-xOzWherein 0 is<x is less than or equal to 1 and 0<z≤3。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of Si0.8Hf0.2O2The components are as follows.
According to one embodiment, the chalcogenide is a compound of at least one chalcogen selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, and at least one or more electropositive elements.
According to one embodiment, the composition of the metallic inorganic material 2 comprises at least one of the following elements: gold, silver, copper, vanadium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, yttrium, mercury, cadmium, osmium, chromium, tantalum, manganese, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, rhodium, tungsten, iridium, nickel, iron, or cobalt.
According to one embodiment, examples of the carbide inorganic material 2 include, but are not limited to: SiC, WC, BC, MoC, TiC, Al4C3、LaC2、FeC、CoC、HfC、SixCy、WxCy、BxCy、MoxCy、TixCy、AlxCy、LaxCy、FexCy、CoxCy、HfxCyOr mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each independently a decimal number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of inorganic materials 2 of oxides include, but are not limited to: SiO 22、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ZnO、MgO、SnO2、Nb2O5、CeO2、BeO、IrO2、CaO、Sc2O3、NiO、Na2O、BaO、K2O、PbO、Ag2O、V2O5、TeO2、MnO、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6、PO、GeO2、As2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Ta2O5、Li2O、SrO、Y2O3、HfO2、WO2、MoO2、Cr2O3、Tc2O7、ReO2、RuO2、Co3O4、OsO、RhO2、Rh2O3、PtO、PdO、CuO、Cu2O、CdO、HgO、Tl2O、Ga2O3、In2O3、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、La2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、La2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Tb4O7、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、Gd2O3Or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of inorganic materials 2 of oxides include, but are not limited to: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silver oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, beryllium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, iridium oxide, scandium oxide, nickel oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, vanadium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, boron oxide, phosphorus oxide, germanium oxide, osmium oxide, rhenium oxide, platinum oxide, arsenic oxide, tantalum oxide, lithium oxide, strontium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, chromium oxide, technetium oxide, rhodium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, palladium oxide, cadmium oxide, mercury oxide, thallium oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, polonium oxide, selenium oxide, cesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, holmium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, Lutetium oxide, gadolinium oxide, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of the nitride inorganic material 2 include, but are not limited to: TiN, Si3N4、MoN、VN、TaN、Zr3N4、HfN、FeN、NbN、GaN、CrN、AlN、InN、TixNy、SixNy、MoxNy、VxNy、TaxNy、ZrxNy、HfxNy、FexNy、NbxNy、GaxNy、CrxNy、AlxNy、InxNyOr mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each independently a decimal number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of the sulfide inorganic material 2 include, but are not limited to: siySx、AlySx、TiySx、ZrySx、ZnySx、MgySx、SnySx、NbySx、CeySx、BeySx、IrySx、CaySx、ScySx、NiySx、NaySx、BaySx、KySx、PbySx、AgySx、VySx、TeySx、MnySx、BySx、PySx、GeySx、AsySx、FeySx、TaySx、LiySx、SrySx、YySx、HfySx、WySx、MoySx、CrySx、TcySx、ReySx、RuySx、CoySx、OsySx、RhySx、PtySx、PdySx、CuySx、AuySx、CdySx、HgySx、TlySx、GaySx、InySx、BiySx、SbySx、PoySx、SeySx、CsySxMixed sulfides or mixtures thereof; (ii) a Wherein X and Y are each independently a decimal number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of halide inorganic materials 2 include, but are not limited to: BaF2、LaF3、CeF3、YF3、CaF2、MgF2、PrF3、AgCl、MnCl2、NiCl2、Hg2Cl2、CaCl2、CsPbCl3、AgBr、PbBr3、CsPbBr3、AgI、CuI、PbI、HgI2、BiI3、CH3NH3PbI3、CH3NH3PbCl3、CH3NH3PbBr3、CsPbI3、FAPbBr3(FA is formamidine) or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of chalcogenide inorganic material 2 include, but are not limited to: CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CuO, Cu2O、CuS、Cu2S、CuSe、CuTe、Ag2O、Ag2S、Ag2Se、Ag2Te、Au2S、PdO、PdS、Pd4S、PdSe、PdTe、PtO、PtS、PtS2、PtSe、PtTe、RhO2、Rh2O3、RhS2、Rh2S3、RhSe2、Rh2Se3、RhTe2、IrO2、IrS2、Ir2S3、IrSe2、IrTe2、RuO2、RuS2、OsO、OsS、OsSe、OsTe、MnO、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、ReO2、ReS2、Cr2O3、Cr2S3、MoO2、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WO2、WS2、WSe2、V2O5、V2S3、Nb2O5、NbS2、NbSe2、HfO2、HfS2、TiO2、ZrO2、ZrS2、ZrSe2、ZrTe2、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Y2S3、SiO2、GeO2、GeS、GeS2、GeSe、GeSe2、GeTe、SnO2、SnS、SnS2、SnSe、SnSe2、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MgO、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、CaO、CaS、SrO、Al2O3、Ga2O3、Ga2S3、Ga2Se3、In2O3、In2S3、In2Se3、In2Te3、La2O3、La2S3、CeO2、CeS2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、NdS2、La2O3、Tl2O、Sm2O3、SmS2、Eu2O3、EuS2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、Tb4O7、TbS2、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、ErS2、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、CuInS2、CuInSe2、AgInS2、AgInSe2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeS、FeS2、Co3S4、CoSe、Co3O4、NiO、NiSe2、NiSe、Ni3Se4、Gd2O3、BeO、TeO2、Na2O、BaO、K2O、Ta2O5、Li2O、Tc2O7、As2O3、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6PO or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphide inorganic materials 2 include, but are not limited to: InP and Cd3P2、Zn3P2AlP, GaP, TlP or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of the metalloid inorganic material 2 include, but are not limited to: silicon, boron, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of the inorganic material 2 of the metal alloy include, but are not limited to: gold-palladium, gold-silver, gold-copper, platinum-palladium, platinum-nickel, copper-silver, copper-tin, ruthenium-platinum, rhodium-platinum, copper-platinum, nickel-gold, platinum-tin, palladium-vanadium, iridium-platinum, gold-platinum, palladium-silver, copper-zinc, chromium-nickel, iron-cobalt, cobalt-nickel, iron-nickel, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises garnet.
According to one embodiment, examples of garnets include, but are not limited to: y is3Al5O12、Y3Fe2(FeO4)3、Y3Fe5O12、Y4Al2O9、YAlO3、Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、Mg3Al2(SiO4)3、Mn3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3、Ca3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3、Al5Lu3O12GAL, GaYAG or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material comprises, but is not limited to: al (Al)yOx、AgyOx、CuyOx、FeyOx、SiyOx、PbyOx、CayOx、MgyOx、ZnyOx、SnyOx、TiyOx、BeyOxCdS, ZnS, ZnSe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Au, Na, Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Mg, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof; x and Y are each a decimal number 0 to 10, X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material comprises, but is not limited to: al (Al)2O3、Ag2O、Cu2O、CuO、Fe3O4、FeO、SiO2、PbO、CaO、MgO、ZnO、SnO2、TiO2BeO, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Au, Na, Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Mg, mixed oxides thereof or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material comprises, but is not limited to: aluminum oxide, silver oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium zinc selenium, cadmium zinc sulfide, gold, sodium, iron, copper, aluminum, silver, magnesium, mixed oxides or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silver oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, beryllium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, iridium oxide, scandium oxide, nickel oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, vanadium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxideBoron oxide, phosphorus oxide, germanium oxide, osmium oxide, rhenium oxide, platinum oxide, arsenic oxide, tantalum oxide, lithium oxide, strontium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, chromium oxide, technetium oxide, rhodium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, palladium oxide, cadmium oxide, mercury oxide, thallium oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, polonium oxide, selenium oxide, cesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, holmium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium oxide, gadolinium oxide, mixed oxides thereof, garnets, for example, Y3Al5O12、Y3Fe2(FeO4)3、Y3Fe5O12、Y4Al2O9、YAlO3、Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、Mg3Al2(SiO4)3、Mn3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3、Ca3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3、Al5Lu3O12GAL, GaYAG or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises a small amount of organic molecules in a content of 0 mole%, 1 mole%, 5 mole%, 10 mole%, 15 mole%, 20 mole%, 25 mole%, 30 mole%, 35 mole%, 40 mole%, 45 mole%, 50 mole%, 55 mole%, 60 mole%, 65 mole%, 70 mole%, 75 mole%, 80 mole% with respect to the elements of the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise an inorganic polymer.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not contain SiO2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise pure SiO2I.e. 100% SiO2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%,5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% SiO2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of SiO2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% SiO2A precursor thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of SiO2A precursor thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of precursors of silicon dioxide include, but are not limited to: tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, polydiethoxysilane, n-alkyltrimethoxysilane, for example n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 11-aminoundecyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 3- (aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise pure Al2O3I.e. 100% Al2O3。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% Al2O3。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% Al2O3。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% Al2O3A precursor thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% Al2O3A precursor thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not contain titanium dioxide.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise pure TiO2Of 100% TiO2。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise a zeolite.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 is not made of pure zeolite, i.e. 100% zeolite.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise glass.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 does not comprise vitrified glass.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises an inorganic polymer.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is a carbon-free polymer. According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is selected from polysilanes, polysiloxanes (or siloxanes), polysulphides, polyaluminiums, polystannates, polyborosilazanes, polyphosphazenes, polydichlorophosphazenes, polysulphides and/or polynitrides. According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is a liquid crystal polymer.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is a natural or synthetic polymer. According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is synthesized by inorganic reaction, radical polymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition, or Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP). According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is a homopolymer or a copolymer. According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is linear, branched, and/or crosslinked. According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer is amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic polymer has an average molecular weight ranging from 2000 g/mol to 5.106g/mol, and preferably from 5000 g/mol to 4.106g/mol, from 6000 to 4.106From 7000 to 4.106From 8000 to 4.106From 9000 to 4.106From 10000 to 4.106From 15000 to 4.106From 20000 to 4.106From 25000 to 4.106From 30000 to 4.106From 35000 to 4.106From 40000 to 4.106From 45000 to 4.106From 50000 to 4.106From 55000 to 4.106From 60000 to 4.106From 65000 to 4.106From 70000 to 4.106From 75000 to 4.106From 80000 to 4.106From 85000 to 4.106From 90000 to 4.106From 95000 to 4.106From 100000 to 4.106From 200000 to 4.106From 300000 to 4.106From 400000 to 4.106From 500000 to 4.106From 600000 to 4.106From 700000 to 4.106From 800000 to4.106From 900000 to 4.106From 1.106To 4.106From 2.106To 4.106From 3.106g/mol to 4.106g/mol。
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises additional doping elements, wherein said doping elements comprise, but are not limited to: cd. S, Se, Zn, In, Te, Hg, Sn, Cu, N, Ga, Sb, Tl, Mo, Pd, Ce, W, Co, Mn, Si, Ge, B, P, Al, As, Fe, Ti, Zr, Ni, Ca, Na, Ba, K, Mg, Pb, Ag, V, Be, Ir, Sc, Nb, Ta or mixtures thereof. In this embodiment, the doping element can be diffused in the composite particles 1 at a high temperature. They can form nanoclusters within the composite particles 1. These doping elements may limit the deterioration of certain properties of the composite particle 1 during the heating step and/or the excess heat that can be conducted if it is a good thermal conductor and/or the evacuation of accumulated charges.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises a small amount of doping elements in a content of about 0 mole%, 1 mole%, 5 mole%, 10 mole%, 15 mole%, 20 mole%, 25 mole%, 30 mole%, 35 mole%, 40 mole%, 45 mole%, 50 mole% with respect to the main constituent elements of said inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、ZnO、ZrO2、TiO2、IrO2、SnO2、BaO、BaSO4、BeO、CaO、CeO2、CuO、Cu2O、DyO3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、GeO2、HfO2、Lu2O3、Nb2O5、Sc2O3、TaO5、TeO2Or Y2O3With additional nanoparticles. These additional nanoparticles may assist in conductively removing heat, and/or dissipating charge, and/or scattering incident light.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic material 2 comprises additional nanoparticles in an amount of less than or equal to 100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm, 400ppm, 500ppm, 600ppm, 700ppm, 800ppm, 900ppm, 1000ppm, 1100ppm, 1200ppm, 1300ppm, 1400ppm, 1500ppm, 1600ppm, 1700ppm, 1800ppm, 1900ppm, 2000ppm, 2100ppm, 2200ppm, 2300ppm, 2400ppm, 2500ppm, 2600ppm, 2700ppm, 2800ppm, 2900ppm, 3000ppm, 3100ppm, 3200ppm, 3300ppm, 3400ppm, 3500ppm, 3600ppm, 3700ppm, 3800ppm, 3900ppm, 4000ppm, 4100ppm, 4200ppm, 4300ppm, 4400ppm, 4500ppm, 4600ppm, 4700ppm, 4800ppm, 4900ppm, 5000ppm, 5100ppm, 5200ppm, 5300ppm, 53000 ppm, 5300ppm, 56000 ppm, 5500ppm, 56000 ppm, 6700ppm, 6500ppm, 6700ppm, 7000 00ppm, 6700ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm, 7100ppm, 7200ppm, 7300ppm, 7400ppm, 7500ppm, 7600ppm, 7700ppm, 7800ppm, 7900ppm, 8000ppm, 8100ppm, 8200ppm, 8300ppm, 8400ppm, 8500ppm, 8600ppm, 8700ppm, 8800ppm, 8900ppm, 9000ppm, 9100ppm, 9200ppm, 9300ppm, 9400ppm, 9500ppm, 9600ppm, 9700ppm, 9800ppm, 9900ppm, 10000ppm, 10500ppm, 11000ppm, 11500ppm, 12000ppm, 12500ppm, 13000ppm, 13500ppm, 14000ppm, 14500ppm, 15000ppm, 15500ppm, 165000 ppm, 17000ppm, 35000 ppm, 17500ppm, 18000ppm, 18500ppm, 19000ppm, 19500ppm, 20000ppm, 30000ppm, 50000ppm, 70000ppm, 370000ppm, 250000ppm, 800ppm, 250000ppm, 390000ppm, 400000ppm, 410000ppm, 420000ppm, 430000ppm, 440000ppm, 450000ppm, 460000ppm, 470000ppm, 480000ppm, 490000ppm or 500000 ppm.
According to one embodiment, the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 ranges from 1.0 to 3.0, from 1.2 to 2.6, from 1.4 to 2.0.
According to one embodiment, the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 is at least 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 or 3.0.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 may absorb incident light having a wavelength of greater than 50 microns, 40 microns, 30 microns, 20 microns, 10 microns, 1 micron, 950 nanometers, 900 nanometers, 850 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 750 nanometers, 700 nanometers, 650 nanometers, 600 nanometers, 550 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 450 nanometers, 400 nanometers, 350 nanometers, 300 nanometers, 250 nanometers, or less than 200 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are luminescent nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles are fluorescent nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles are phosphorescent nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle is a chemiluminescent nanoparticle.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles are triboluminescent nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with at least one emission peak, wherein the peak wavelength of said emission peak is between 400 nm and 50 μm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with at least one emission peak, wherein the peak wavelength of said emission peak is between 400 nm and 500 nm. In this embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles emit blue light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with at least one emission peak, wherein the peak wavelength of said emission peak is in the range of 500nm to 560nm, more preferably in the range of 515 nm to 545 nm. In this embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles emit green light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with at least one emission peak, wherein said emission peak has a peak wavelength in the range from 560nm to 590 nm. In this embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles emit yellow light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with at least one emission peak, wherein the peak wavelength of said emission peak is in the range from 590 nm to 750 nm, more preferably in the range from 610 to 650 nm. In this embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles emit red light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with at least one emission peak, wherein said emission peak has a peak wavelength in the range from 750 nm to 50 μm. In this embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles emit near infrared light, mid infrared light or infrared light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum in which the full width at half maximum of at least one emission peak is lower than 90nm, 80 nm, 70 nm, 60nm, 50 nm, 40 nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum with a quarter-wave height width of at least one emission peak below 90nm, 80 nm, 70 nm, 60nm, 50 nm, 40 nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles have an emission spectrum in which the full width at half maximum of at least one emission peak is strictly below 40 nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has an emission spectrum in which the quarter-wave height width of at least one emission peak is strictly below 40 nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle has a photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles have an average fluorescence lifetime of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 44, 47, 48, 50 nanoseconds, 100 nanoseconds, 150 nanoseconds, 200 nanoseconds, 250 nanoseconds, 300 nanoseconds, 350 nanoseconds, 400 nanoseconds, 450 nanoseconds, 500 nanoseconds, 550 nanoseconds, 600 nanoseconds, 650 nanoseconds, 700 nanoseconds, 750 nanoseconds, 800 nanoseconds, 850 nanoseconds, 900 nanoseconds, 950 nanoseconds, or 1 microsecond.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticles are semiconductor nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent nanoparticle is a semiconductor nanocrystal.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are light scattering nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are electrically conductive.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a conductivity of 1 × 10 under standard conditions-20To 107S/m, preference from 1X 10-15To 5S/m, more preferably 1X 10-7To 1S/m.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a conductivity of at least 1 x 10 under standard conditions-20S/m、0.5×10-19S/m、1×10-19S/m、0.5×10-18S/m、1×10-18S/m、0.5×10-17S/m、1×10-17S/m、0.5×10-16S/m、1×10-16S/m、0.5×10-15S/m、1×10-15S/m、0.5×10-14S/m、1×10-14S/m、0.5×10-13S/m、1×10-13S/m、0.5×10-12S/m、1×10-12S/m、0.5×10-11S/m、1×10-11S/m、0.5×10-10S/m、1×10-10S/m、0.5×10-9S/m、1×10-9S/m、0.5×10-8S/m、1×10-8S/m、0.5×10-7S/m、1×10- 7S/m、0.5×10-6S/m、1×10-6S/m、0.5×10-5S/m、1×10-5S/m、0.5×10-4S/m、1×10-4S/m、0.5×10-3S/m、1×10-3S/m、0.5×10-2S/m、1×10-2S/m、0.5×10-1S/m、1×10-1S/m、0.5S/m、1S/m、1.5S/m、2S/m、2.5S/m、3S/m、3.5S/m、4S/m、4.5S/m、5S/m、5.5S/m、6S/m、6.5S/m、7S/m、7.5S/m、8S/m、8.5S/m、9S/m、9.5S/m、10S/m、50S/m、102S/m、5×102S/m、103S/m、5×103S/m、104S/m、5×104S/m、105S/m、5×105S/m、106S/m、5×106S/m or 107S/m。
According to one embodiment, the conductivity of the nanoparticles 3 can be measured, for example, by an impedance spectrometer.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 450W/(m.k), preferably 1 to 200W/(m.k), more preferably 10 to 150W/(m.k) under standard conditions.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a thermal conductivity under standard conditions of at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles 3 can be measured by a steady state method or a transient state method.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are thermally insulating.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are a localized high temperature heating system.
According to one embodiment, the surface ligands attached to the nanoparticles 3 are in contact with said inorganic material 2. In this embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are connected to the inorganic material 2, so that the charges of the nanoparticles 3 are conducted and eliminated. This prevents the surface of the nanoparticles 3 from reacting due to the accumulation of charges.
According to one embodiment, the ligand on the surface of the nanoparticle 3 is a C3-C20 alkyl thiol ligand, such as: propanethiol, butanethiol, pentanethiol, hexanethiol, heptanethiol, octanethiol, nonanethiol, decanethiol, undecanethiol, dodecanethiol, tridecanethiol, tetradecanethiol, pentadecanethiol, hexadecanethiol, heptadecanethiol, octadecanethiol or mixtures thereof. In this embodiment, the C3-C20 alkyl thiol ligand helps control the hydrophobicity of the nanoparticle surface.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are hydrophobic.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are hydrophilic.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are dispersible in aqueous solvents, organic solvents and/or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have an average size of at least 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 4 nm, 5 nm, 6 nm, 7 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, 10nm, 11 nm, 12 nm, 13 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, 21 nm, 22 nm, 23 nm, 24 nm, 25 nm, 26 nm, 27 nm, 28 nm, 29 nm, 30 nm, 31 nm, 32 nm, 33 nm, 34 nm, 35 nm, 36 nm, 37 nm, 38 nm, 39 nm, 40 nm, 41 nm, 42 nm, 43 nm, 44 nm, 45 nm, 46 nm, 47 nm, 48 nm, 49 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 8 nm, 60nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 2 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, 10nm, 25 nm, 9 nm, 25, 90nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 140 nm, 145 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 microns, 3 microns, 3.5 microns, 4 microns, 4.5 microns, 5 microns, 5.5 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 100 microns, 6 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29 microns, 29.5 microns, 30 microns, 30.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 32 microns, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42.5 microns, 43.5 microns, 45 microns, 47.5 microns, 46 microns, 47.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 45 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 47 microns, 25, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75.5 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 79.5 microns, 79 microns, 77 microns, 79.5 microns, 79 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 65, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 96 microns, 96.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a maximum dimension of at least 5 nm, 10nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 140 nm, 145 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 2 nm, 5 micron, 2 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 3.5 microns, 4 microns, 4.5 microns, 5 microns, 5.5 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29 microns, 29.5 microns, 30.5 microns, 31.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 33.5 microns, 33 microns, 34 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 65 microns, 67.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95.5 microns, 97.5 microns, 99.5 microns, 99 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 99.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a minimum dimension of at least 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 19.5 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 180 nm, 40 nm, 180 nm, 100 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm, 100 nm, 180 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 12 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.5 micron, 4 micron, 4.5 micron, 5 micron, 5.5 micron, 6 micron, 6.5 micron, 7 micron, 7.5 micron, 8 micron, 8.5 micron, 9 micron, 9.5 micron, 10 micron, 10.5 micron, 11 micron, 11.5 micron, 12 micron, 12.5 micron, 13 micron, 13.5 micron, 14 micron, 14.5 micron, 15 micron, 15.5 micron, 16 micron, 16.5 micron, 17 micron, 17.5 micron, 18 micron, 18.5 micron, 19 micron, 19.5 micron, 20.5 micron, 21 micron, 21.5 micron, 21 micron, 22 micron, 22.5 micron, 21 micron, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29 microns, 29.5 microns, 30 microns, 30.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 32 microns, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49.5 microns, 50.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 54 microns, 52 microns, 53 microns, 54.5 microns, 54 microns, 52 microns, 5 microns, 52 microns, 53 microns, 52 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 84.5 microns, 84 microns, 85 microns, 87 microns, 85 microns, 87 microns, 85, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 96 microns, 96.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to one embodiment, the ratio (aspect ratio) between the smallest dimension of the dimensions of the nanoparticle 3 and the largest dimension of the dimensions of the nanoparticle 3 is at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, at least 8, at least 8.5, at least 9, at least 9.5, at least 10, at least 10.5, at least 11, at least 11.5, at least 12, at least 12.5, at least 13, at least 13.5, at least 14, at least 14.5, at least 15, at least 15.5, at least 16, at least 16.5, at least 17, at least 17.5, at least 18, at least 18.5, at least 19, at least 19.5, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 75, At least 85, at least 90, at least 95, at least 100, at least 150, at least 200, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, at least 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, at least 950, or at least 1000.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are polydisperse.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are monodisperse.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 have a narrow particle size distribution.
According to one embodiment, the size distribution of the smallest dimension of a group of nanoparticles 3 is 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40% smaller than said smallest dimension.
According to one embodiment, the size distribution of the largest dimension of a group of nanoparticles 3 is 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40% larger than said largest dimension.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are hollow.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are not hollow.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are isotropic.
Examples of shapes of the nanoparticles isotropic 3 according to one embodiment include, but are not limited to: the ball 31 (as shown in fig. 2) has a faceted sphere, prism, polyhedron, or cube shape.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are not spherical.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are anisotropic.
Examples of anisotropic 3 shapes of nanoparticles according to one embodiment include, but are not limited to: rod, wire, needle, rod, ribbon, cone, or polyhedron shape.
According to one embodiment, examples of the anisotropic 3 branching shape of the nanoparticle include, but are not limited to: single foot body, two foot bodies, three foot bodies, four foot bodies, star shape or eight foot shape.
Examples of complex shapes of anisotropy 3 of nanoparticles, according to one embodiment, include, but are not limited to: snowflake, flower, thorn, hemisphere, cone, sea urchin, filamentous particle, biconcave disc, worm, tree, dendrite, necklace, or chain.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the nanoparticles 3 have a two-dimensional shape 32.
According to one embodiment, example nanoparticles 32 of two-dimensional shapes include, but are not limited to: sheet, platelet, plate, ribbon, wall, plate triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, disk, or toroid.
According to one embodiment, one nanosheet is distinct from the nanodiscs.
According to one embodiment, one nanosheet is distinct from a disc or nanodisk.
According to one embodiment, the nanoplates and nanoplates are not discs or nanodiscs. In this embodiment, the nano-plate or nano-sheet is square or rectangular along the portion of the other dimension (width, length) than the thickness. And when it is circular or elliptical, it is a disk or a nanodisk.
According to one embodiment, the nanoplates and nanoplates are not discs or nanodiscs. In this embodiment, any dimension of the nanoplatelets does not define the diameter, semi-major axis or semi-minor axis of a disc or nanodisk.
According to one embodiment, the nanoplates and nanoplates are not discs or nanodiscs. In this embodiment, the curvature at any point along the dimensions (length, width) other than the thickness is less than 10 μm-1Whereas for a disc or nanodisk the curvature of at least a certain point is higher than this value.
According to one embodiment, the nanoplates and nanoplates are not discs or nanodiscs. In this embodiment, the curvature at a point along the other dimensions (length, width) than the thickness is less than 10 μm-1And for a disk or nanodisk, the curvature at any point is higher than 10 μm-1。
According to one embodiment, one nanosheet is distinct from one quantum dot or spherical nanocrystal. Quantum dots are spherical and thus have a three-dimensional shape, and cause excitons to be quantum confined in three spatial dimensions. Whereas the nanoplatelets have a two-dimensional shape and cause excitons to be quantum confined in only one dimension, while being freely conductive in the other two dimensions. This gives the nanoplatelets different electronic and optical properties, e.g. the typical photoluminescence decay time of a semiconductor slab is 1 order of magnitude faster than spherical quantum dots, and the semiconductor slab has a very narrow optical feature at full width at half maximum (FWHM) which is much smaller compared to spherical quantum dots.
According to one embodiment, one nanoplate is different from one nanorod or nanowire. Nanorods (or nanowires) have one-dimensional shapes and confine excitons to quantum confinement in two spatial dimensions, whereas nanoplatelets have two-dimensional shapes and leave excitons confined in one dimension and freely conductive in the other two dimensions. This results in different electronic and optical properties.
According to one embodiment, to obtain composite particles 1 that comply with the RoHS specification, said composite particles 1 preferably comprise semiconductor nanoplatelets instead of semiconductor quantum dots. In fact, the emission peak positions of the semiconductor quantum dots with the diameter d and the semiconductor nanosheets with the thickness d/2 are the same; thus, for the same emission wavelength, the semiconductor nanoplatelets contain a smaller weight of cadmium than the semiconductor quantum dots. In addition, if a cadmium sulfide-containing core is included in a core/shell quantum dot or core/shell (or core/corona) nanoplatelet, the core/shell (or core/corona) nanoplatelet is more likely to have a cadmium-free shell layer; thus, the cadmium sulfide core constitutes a core/shell (or core/corona) nanosheet with a cadmium sulfide core constituting a core/shell quantum dot, which can contain a lower weight of cadmium. The lattice difference between cadmium sulfide and cadmium-free shells is large and is very difficult for quantum dots to withstand. Finally, semiconductor nanoplatelets have better absorption properties than semiconductor quantum dots, thus resulting in less cadmium by weight being required in the semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are atomically flat. In the present embodiment, the characteristics of the atomically flat nanoparticles 3 can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), photoluminescence, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5A, the nanoparticles 3 are shell-less core nanoparticles 33.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 comprise at least one atomically flat core nanoparticle. In the present embodiment, the characteristics of the atomically flat nanoparticles 3 can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), photoluminescence, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein said core 33 is partially or completely covered by at least one shell 34 comprising at least one layer of material.
According to one embodiment, as shown in-C of FIG. 5B and in FIGS. 5F-G, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 covers at least one shell (34, 35).
According to one embodiment, the aforementioned at least one housing (34, 35) has a thickness of at least 0.1 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.3 nm, 0.4 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 19.5 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 160 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, or 500 nm.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 and the shell 34 are made of the same material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 and the shell 34 are made of at least two different materials.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is a luminescent material and is covered by at least one shell 34, which is composed of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, a light scattering material, an electrically insulating material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is a magnetic material and is covered by at least one shell 34, which is composed of one of the following materials: a luminescent material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, a light scattering material, an electrically insulating material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is a light scattering material and is covered by at least one shell 34, which is composed of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a luminescent material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, an electrically insulating material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are core 33/shell 34 nanoparticles, whereas said core 33 is covered by at least one shell 34. Wherein the shell 34 comprises a light scattering material and the core 33 is comprised of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a luminescent material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, an electrically insulating material, a light scattering material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are core 33/shell 34 nanoparticles, whereas said core 33 is covered by at least one shell 34. Wherein the shell 34 comprises a luminescent material and the core 33 is comprised of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a luminescent material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, an electrically insulating material, a light scattering material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell 36 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is covered by a shell 36 of an insulator. In this embodiment, the shell 36 of the insulator prevents the aggregation of the core 33.
According to one embodiment, the insulator shell 36 has a thickness of at least 0.1 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.3 nm, 0.4 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 19.5 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 160 nm, 150 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm, 140 nm, 6 nm, 13 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, or 500 nm.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5D and 5H, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/shell (34, 35, 36) nanoparticle, wherein said core 33 is covered with at least one shell (34, 35) and an insulator shell 36.
According to one embodiment, the shells (34, 35, 36) covering the core 33 of the nanoparticle 3 may be composed of the same material.
According to one embodiment, the shell (34, 35, 36) covering the core 33 of the nanoparticle 3 may be made of at least two different materials.
According to one embodiment, the shells (34, 35, 36) covering the core 33 of the nanoparticle 3 may have the same thickness.
According to one embodiment, the shells (34, 35, 36) covering the core 33 of the nanoparticle 3 may have different thicknesses.
According to one embodiment, each shell (34, 35, 36) covers the thickness of the core 33 of the nanoparticle 3, being uniform along the core 33, i.e. each shell (34, 35, 36) has the same thickness along the entire core 33.
According to one embodiment, each shell (34, 35, 36) covers the core 33 of the nanoparticle 3, which is not uniform along the thickness of the core 33, i.e. the thickness varies along the core 33.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/insulator shell 36 nanoparticle, wherein examples of insulator shell 36 include, but are not limited to: non-porous silica, non-porous manganese oxide, non-porous zinc oxide, non-porous alumina, non-porous zirconia, non-porous titania, non-porous tin dioxide, or mixtures thereof. The insulator housing 36 serves as an auxiliary barrier against oxidation and, if it is a good thermal conductor, can assist in dissipating heat.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5E, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle of two-dimensional structure, wherein said core 33 is covered by at least one corona 37.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, wherein said corona 37 covering the core 33 is made of at least one layer of material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 and the corona 37 are made of the same material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 and the corona 37 are composed of at least two different materials.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is a luminescent material and is surrounded by at least one corona 37, the shell being made of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, a light scattering material, an electrically insulating material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is a magnetic material and is surrounded by at least one corona 37, the shell being made of one of the following materials: a luminescent material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, a light scattering material, an electrically insulating material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is a light scattering material and is surrounded by at least one corona 37, the shell being made of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a luminescent material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, an electrically insulating material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, whereas said core 33 is surrounded by at least one corona 37. Wherein the crown 37 comprises a light scattering material and the core 33 is comprised of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a luminescent material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, an electrically insulating material, a light scattering material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle, whereas said core 33 is surrounded by at least one corona 37. Wherein crown 37 comprises a luminescent material and core 33 is comprised of one of the following materials: a magnetic material, a plasmonic material, a dielectric material, a luminescent material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, a ferroelectric material, an electrically insulating material, a light scattering material, a thermally insulating material, or a catalytic material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 is a core 33/crown 37 nanoparticle, wherein the core 33 is covered by an insulator crown 37. In this embodiment, the insulator crown 37 prevents the build-up of the core 33.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the composite particle 1 comprises a combination of at least two different nanoparticles (31, 32). In this example, the resulting particles 1 will exhibit different properties.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 comprise at least one luminescent nanoparticle and at least one nanoparticle 3 selected from the group of magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, light scattering nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles or catalytic nanoparticles.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein the luminescent nanoparticles have different emission wavelengths.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits wavelengths in the range of 500-. In this embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the green region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the red region of the visible spectrum, so that the pairing of the particle 1 with a blue LED will become a white emitter.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits wavelengths in the range of 400-. In the present embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the blue region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the red region of the visible spectrum, whereby the particle 1 is a white emitter.
In one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits at a wavelength in the range of 400-. In the present embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the green region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the blue region of the visible spectrum.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least three different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein the luminescent nanoparticles have different emission wavelengths.
In one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least two different luminescent nanoparticles, wherein at least one luminescent nanoparticle emits at a wavelength in the range of 400-. In the present embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the blue region of the visible spectrum, at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the green region of the visible spectrum and at least one luminescent nanoparticle emitting in the red region of the visible spectrum.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least one light scattering nanoparticle and comprises at least one nanoparticle 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: luminescent nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, plasmonic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, piezoelectric nanoparticles, pyroelectric nanoparticles, ferroelectric nanoparticles, electrically insulating nanoparticles, thermally insulating nanoparticles, or catalytic nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, examples of sulfide nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: siySx、AlySx、TiySx、ZrySx、ZnySx、MgySx、SnySx、NbySx、CeySx、BeySx、IrySx、CaySx、ScySx、NiySx、NaySx、BaySx、KySx、PbySx、AgySx、VySx、TeySx、MnySx、BySx、PySx、GeySx、AsySx、FeySx、TaySx、LiySx、SrySx、YySx、HfySx、WySx、MoySx、CrySx、TcySx、ReySx、RuySx、CoySx、OsySx、RhySx、PtySx、PdySx、CuySx、AuySx、CdySx、HgySx、TlySx、GaySx、InySx、BiySx、SbySx、PoySx、SeySx、CsySxMixed sulfides or mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 10, and X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of halide nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: BaF2、LaF3、CeF3、YF3、CaF2、MgF2、PrF3、AgCl、MnCl2、NiCl2、Hg2Cl2、CaCl2、CsPbCl3、AgBr、PbBr3、CsPbBr3、AgI、CuI、PbI、HgI2、BiI3、CH3NH3PbI3、CH3NH3PbCl3、CH3NH3PbBr3、CsPbI3、FAPbBr3(FA is A)Amidine) or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of chalcogenide nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CuO, Cu2O、CuS、Cu2S、CuSe、CuTe、Ag2O、Ag2S、Ag2Se、Ag2Te、Au2S、PdO、PdS、Pd4S、PdSe、PdTe、PtO、PtS、PtS2、PtSe、PtTe、RhO2、Rh2O3、RhS2、Rh2S3、RhSe2、Rh2Se3、RhTe2、IrO2、IrS2、Ir2S3、IrSe2、IrTe2、RuO2、RuS2、OsO、OsS、OsSe、OsTe、MnO、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、ReO2、ReS2、Cr2O3、Cr2S3、MoO2、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WO2、WS2、WSe2、V2O5、V2S3、Nb2O5、NbS2、NbSe2、HfO2、HfS2、TiO2、ZrO2、ZrS2、ZrSe2、ZrTe2、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Y2S3、SiO2、GeO2、GeS、GeS2、GeSe、GeSe2、GeTe、SnO2、SnS、SnS2、SnSe、SnSe2、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MgO、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、CaO、CaS、SrO、Al2O3、Ga2O3、Ga2S3、Ga2Se3、In2O3、In2S3、In2Se3、In2Te3、La2O3、La2S3、CeO2、CeS2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、NdS2、La2O3、Tl2O、Sm2O3、SmS2、Eu2O3、EuS2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、Tb4O7、TbS2、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、ErS2、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、CuInS2、CuInSe2、AgInS2、AgInSe2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeS、FeS2、Co3S4、CoSe、Co3O4、NiO、NiSe2、NiSe、Ni3Se4、Gd2O3、BeO、TeO2、Na2O、BaO、K2O、Ta2O5、Li2O、Tc2O7、As2O3、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6PO or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphide nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: InP and Cd3P2、Zn3P2AlP, GaP, TlP or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of metal nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: silicon, boron, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of metal alloy nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: gold-palladium, gold-silver, gold-copper, platinum-palladium, platinum-nickel, copper-silver, copper-tin, ruthenium-platinum, rhodium-platinum, copper-platinum, nickel-gold, platinum-tin, palladium-vanadium, iridium-platinum, gold-platinum, palladium-silver, copper-zinc, chromium-nickel, iron-cobalt, cobalt-nickel, iron-nickel, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are nanoparticles comprising a hygroscopic material, such as a phosphor material or a scintillator material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are perovskite nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the perovskite comprises a material amBnX3pWherein A is selected from Ba, B, K, Pb, Cs, Ca, Ce, Na, La, Sr, Th, FA (formamidine CN)2H5 +) Or mixtures thereof; b is selected from Fe, Nb, Ti, Pb, Sn, Ge, Bi, Zr, or mixtures thereof; x is selected from the group consisting of O, Cl, Br, I, cyanide, thiocyanate or mixtures thereof; m, n and p are each a decimal number from 0 to 5; m, n and p are not equal to 0 simultaneously; m and n are not equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, m, n and p are not equal to 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of perovskites include, but are not limited to: cs3Bi2I9、Cs3Bi2Cl9、Cs3Bi2Br9、BFeO3、KNbO3、BaTiO3、CH3NH3PbI3、CH3NH3PbCl3、CH3NH3PbBr3、FAPbBr3(with FAformamidinium)、FAPbCl3、FAPbI3、CsPbCl3、CsPbBr3、CsPbI3、CsSnI3、CsSnCl3、CsSnBr3、CsGeCl3、CsGeBr3、CsGeI3、FAPbClxBryIz(wherein x, y and z are numbers from 0 to 5 and are not equal to 0 at the same time).
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are phosphorescent nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles are phosphorescent nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphorescent nanoparticles include, but are not limited to:
rare earth element doped garnets, e.g. Y3Al5O12、Y3Ga5O12、Y3Fe2(FeO4)3、Y3Fe5O12、Y4Al2O9、YAlO3、RE3-nAl5O12:Cen(RE＝Y、Gd、Tb、Lu)、Gd3Al5O12、Gd3Ga5O12、Lu3Al5O12、Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、(Lu0.90Gd0.07Ce0.03)3Sr0.34Al5O12F0.68、Mg3Al2(SiO4)3、Mn3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3、Ca3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3、Al5Lu3O12、GAL、GaYAG、TAG、GAL、LuAG、YAG、(Lu(1-x-y)AxCey)3BzAl5O12C2zWherein A is at least one of Sc, La, Gd, Tb or a mixture thereof, B is at least one of Mg, Sr, Ca and Ba mixture, C is at least one of F, C, Br, I or a mixture thereof, and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, y is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.2, and z is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.5;
doped nitrides, e.g. europium-doped CaAlSiN3、Sr(LiAl3N4):Eu、SrMg3SiN4:Eu、La3Si6N11:Ce、La3Si6N11:Ce、(Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu、(Ca0.2Sr0.8)AlSiN3、(Ca、Sr、Ba)2Si5N8:Eu；
Sulfide-based phosphors, e.g. CaS: Eu2+、SrS:Eu2+；
-A2(MF6):Mn4+Wherein A may comprise Na, K, Rb, Cs, or NH4The composition of M and M may comprise Si, Ti and Zr or Mn, e.g. M4+Doped Potassium Fluosilicate (PFS), K2(SiF6):Mn4+Or K2(TiF6):Mn4+、Na2SnF6:Mn4+、Cs2SnF6:Mn4+、Na2SiF6:Mn4+、Na2GeF6:Mn4+；
Oxynitrides, such as europium-doped (Li, Mg, Ca, Y) - α -SiAlON, SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu、EuxSi6- zAlzOyN8-y(y＝z-2x)、Eu0.018Si5.77Al0.23O0.194N7.806、SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+、Pr3+Activated β -SiAlON: Eu;
silicates, e.g. A2Si(OD)4Eu, wherein a ═ Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Zn or mixtures thereof, and d ═ F, Cl, S, N, Br or mixtures thereof, (SrBaCa)2SiO4:Eu、Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu、Ba2SiO4:Eu、Sr3SiO5、(Ca,Ce)3(Sc,Mg)2Si3O12；
Carbonitrides, e.g. Y2Si4N6C、CsLnSi(CN2)4Eu, wherein Ln is Y, La and Gd;
carbon oxynitride such as Sr2Si5N8-[(4x/3)+z]CxO3z/2Wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5.0 and 0.06<Z is less than or equal to 0.1, and x is not equal to 3Z/2; europium aluminates, e.g. EuAl6O10、EuAl2O4；
Barium oxides, e.g. Ba0.93Eu0.07Al2O4；
Blue phosphors, e.g. (BaMgAl)10O17:Eu)、Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu、AlN:Eu:，LaSi3N5:Ce、SrSi9Al19ON31:Eu、SrSi6-xAlxO1+xN8-x:Eu；
Halogenated garnets, e.g. (Lu)1-a-b-cYaTbbAc)3(Al1-dBd)5(O1-eCe)12Ce or Eu, wherein A is selected from Mg, Sr, Ca, Ba or their mixture; b is selected from Ga, In or their mixture; c is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, or mixtures thereof; and a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; b is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; 0<c is less than or equal to 0.5; d is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; and 0<e≤0.2；
-((Sr1-zMz)1-(x+w)AwCex)3(Al1-ySiy)O4+y+3(x-w)F1-y-3(x-w)’Wherein 0 is<x is less than or equal to 0.10, y is less than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, z is less than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, w is less than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to x, A comprises lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or a mixture of the lithium, the sodium, the potassium and the rubidium; and M comprises calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc, tin or mixtures thereof, (Sr)0.98Na0.01Ce0.01)3(Al0.9Si0.1)O4.1F0.9、(Sr0.595Ca0.4Ce0.005)3(Al0.6Si0.4)O4.415F0.585；
-nanoparticles doped with rare earth elements;
-doped nanoparticles;
-any phosphor known to the person skilled in the art;
-or mixtures of the above.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphor nanoparticles include, but are not limited to:
blue phosphors, e.g. BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+Or Co2+、Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+、AlN:Eu2+、LaSi3N5:Ce3+、SrSi9Al19ON31:Eu2+、SrSi6-xAlxO1+xN8-x:Eu2+；
Red phosphors, e.g. Mn doping4+Potassium Fluosilicate (PFS) and carbonNitrides, sulfides (CaS), CaAlSiN3:Eu3+、(Ca、Sr)AlSiN3:Eu3+、(Ca、Sr、Ba)2Si5N8:Eu3+、SrLiAl3N4:Eu3+、SrMg3SiN4:Eu3 +A silicate emitting red light;
orange phosphors, such as orange luminescent silicates, α -SiAlON doped with Li, Mg, Ca or Y;
green phosphors, e.g. nitrogen oxides, carbon nitrides, green luminescent silicates, LuAG, green GAL, green YAG, green GaYAG, β -SiAlON Eu2+、SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+、SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+(ii) a And
yellow phosphors, e.g. yellow luminescent silicates, TAG, yellow YAG, La3Si6N11:Ce3+(LSN), yellow GAL.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphor nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: a blue phosphor, a red phosphor, an orange phosphor, a green phosphor, and a yellow phosphor.
According to one embodiment, the phosphor nanoparticles have an average size of at least 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 4 nm, 5 nm, 6 nm, 7 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, 10nm, 11 nm, 12 nm, 13 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, 21 nm, 22 nm, 23 nm, 24 nm, 25 nm, 26 nm, 27 nm, 28 nm, 29 nm, 30 nm, 31 nm, 32 nm, 33 nm, 34 nm, 35 nm, 36 nm, 37 nm, 38 nm, 39 nm, 40 nm, 41 nm, 42 nm, 43 nm, 44 nm, 45 nm, 46 nm, 47 nm, 48 nm, 49 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 8 nm, 60nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 2 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, 25 nm, 9 nm, 90nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 140 nm, 145 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 microns, 3 microns, 3.5 microns, 4 microns, 4.5 microns, 5 microns, 5.5 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 100 microns, 6 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29 microns, 29.5 microns, 30 microns, 30.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 32 microns, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42.5 microns, 43.5 microns, 45 microns, 47.5 microns, 46 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 45 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 47 microns, 45 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 25, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75.5 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 79.5 microns, 79 microns, 77 microns, 79.5 microns, 79 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 65, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 96 microns, 96.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to one embodiment, the average size of the phosphor nanoparticles is between 0.1 microns and 50 microns.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises a phosphor nanoparticle.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are nanoparticles of a scintillator.
According to one embodiment, examples of nanoparticles of the scintillator include, but are not limited to: NaI (Tl) (thallium-doped sodium iodide), CsI (Tl), CsI (Na), CsI (pure), CsF, KI (Tl), LiI (Eu), BaF2、CaF2(Eu)、ZnS(Ag)、CaWO4、CdWO4、YAG(Ce)(Y3Al5O12(Ce))、GSO、LSO、LaCl3(Ce) (cerium-doped lanthanum chloride), LaBr3(Ce) (doped cerium lanthanum bromide), LYSO (Lu)1.8Y0.2SiO5(Ce)) or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, aluminum, magnesium or copper, alloys).
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 are inorganic semiconductors or insulators that can be coated with organic compounds.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic semiconductor or insulator can be, for example, a group IV semiconductor (e.g., carbon, silicon, germanium), a group III-V compound semiconductor (e.g., gallium nitride, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide), a group II-VI compound semiconductor (e.g., cadmium selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium sulfide, mercury telluride), an inorganic oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide), a chalcogenide, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles are semiconductor nanocrystals.
According to one embodiment, the chemical equation of the semiconductor nanocrystal is MxNyEzAwWherein M may be selected from the following materials: zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n may be selected from the following materials: zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e may be selected from the following materials: o, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a may be selected from the following materials: o, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; and X, Y, Z and w are numbers from 0 to 5, respectively; x, Y, Z and W are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal comprises a core having the chemical formula MxNyEzAwWherein M may be selected from the following materials: zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge,Cs or mixtures thereof; n may be selected from the following materials: zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e may be selected from the following materials: o, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a may be selected from the following materials: o, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; and X, Y, Z and w are numbers from 0 to 5, respectively; x, Y, Z and W are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, the chemical equation of the semiconductor nanocrystal is MxNyEzAwWherein M and/or N is selected from group IB, group IIA, group IIB, group IIIA, group IIIB, group IVA, group IVB, group VA, group VB, group VIB, group VIIB, group VIII or mixtures thereof; e and/or A is selected from group VA, group VIA, group VIIA or mixtures thereof; x, Y, Z and W are each a number from 0 to 5; x, Y, Z and W are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, w, x, Y and Z are numbers from 0 to 5, respectively, when w is 0, x, Y and Z are not 0, when x is 0, W, Y and Z are not 0, when Y is 0, W, X and Z are not 0, and when Z is 0, W, X and Y are not 0.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal comprises a metal having the chemical formula MxEyWherein the material of M is selected from cadmium, zinc, mercury, germanium, tin, lead, copper, silver, iron, in, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, gallium, thallium, molybdenum, palladium, tungsten, cesium, lead or mixtures thereof; x and Y are each a decimal number 0 to 5, with the proviso that X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal comprises a metal having the chemical formula MxEyWherein the material of E is selected from sulfur, selenium, tellurium,Oxygen, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, arsenic, antimony, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or mixtures thereof; and X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, the material of the semiconductor nanocrystal is selected from the group consisting of IIb-VIa, IVa-VIa, Ib-IIIa-VIa, IIb-IVa-Va, Ib-VIa, VIII-VIa, IIb-Va, IIIa-VIa, IVb-VIa, IIa-VIa, IIIa-Va, IIIa-VIa, VIb-VIa, and Va-VIa semiconductors.
According to one embodiment, the chemical equation of the semiconductor nanocrystal is MxNyEzAwThe composition material is selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, HgO, GeS, GeSe, GeTe, SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, GeS2、GeSe2、SnS2、SnSe2、CuInS2、CuInSe2、AgInS2、AgInSe2、CuS、Cu2S、Ag2S、Ag2Se、Ag2Te、FeS、FeS2、InP、Cd3P2、Zn3P2、CdO、ZnO、FeO、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Al2O3、TiO2、MgO、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、AlN、AlP、AlAs、AlSb、GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、InN、InP、InAs、InSb、TlN、TlP、TlAs、TlSb、MoS2、PdS、Pd4S、WS2、CsPbCl3、PbBr3、CsPbBr3、CH3NH3PbI3、CH3NH3PbCl3、CH3NH3PbBr3、CsPbI3、FAPbBr3(wherein FA is formamidine) or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticle is a semiconductor nanoplate, nanobelt, nanowire, nanodisk, nanocube, nanoring, magic-size nanocrystal or sphere, such as a quantum dot.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticle is a semiconductor nanoplate, nanoribbon, nanowire, nanodisk, nanocube, magic-size nanocrystal, or nanoring.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles comprise primary nanocrystals.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles comprise primary colloidal nanocrystals.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles comprise initial nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles comprise initial colloidal nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles are core nanoparticles, wherein each core is not partially or completely covered by at least one shell, wherein said shell comprises at least one layer of an inorganic material.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles are core 33 nanoparticles, wherein each core 33 is not partially or completely covered by at least one shell 34, wherein said shell 34 comprises at least one layer of an inorganic material
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticle is a core/shell nanoparticle, wherein the core is partially or completely covered by at least one shell, wherein the shell comprises at least one layer of an inorganic material.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticle is a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle, wherein said core 33 is partially or fully covered by at least one shell 34, wherein said shell 34 comprises at least one layer of an inorganic material.
According to one embodiment, the core/shell semiconductor nanocrystal includes at least one shell 34 having the chemical formula MxNyEzAwWherein: m is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd,Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs, or a mixture thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; and X, Y, Z and W are each a number from 0 to 5; x, Y, Z and W are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, the shell 34 comprises a different material than the core 33.
According to one embodiment, the shell 34 comprises the same material as the core 33.
According to one embodiment, the core/shell semiconductor nanocrystal includes two shells (34, 35) having a chemical formula MxNyEzAwM is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; and X, Y, Z and W are each a number from 0 to 5; x, Y, Z and W are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, the shells (34, 35) comprise different materials.
According to one embodiment, the shells (34, 35) comprise the same material.
According to one embodiment, the core/shell semiconductor nanocrystal comprises at least one shell having the chemical formula MxNyEzAwWherein M, N, E and A are as described above.
According to one embodiment, examples of core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals include, but are not limited to: CdSe/CdS, CdSe/CdxZn1-xS、CdSe/CdS/ZnS、CdSe/ZnS/CdS、CdSe/ZnS、CdSe/CdxZn1-xS/ZnS、CdSe/ZnS/CdxZn1- xS、CdSe/CdS/CdxZn1-xS、CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS、CdSe/ZnSe/CdxZn1-xS、CdSexS1-x/CdS、CdSexS1-x/CdZnS、CdSexS1-x/CdS/ZnS、CdSexS1-x/ZnS/CdS、CdSexS1-x/ZnS、CdSexS1-x/CdxZn1-xS/ZnS、CdSexS1-x/ZnS/CdxZn1-xS、CdSexS1-x/CdS/CdxZn1-xS、CdSexS1-x/ZnSe/ZnS、CdSexS1-x/ZnSe/CdxZn1-xS、InP/CdS、InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS、InP/CdxZn1-xS、InP/CdS/ZnS、InP/ZnS/CdS、InP/ZnS、InP/CdxZn1-xS/ZnS、InP/ZnS/CdxZn1-xS、InP/CdS/CdxZn1-xS、InP/ZnSe、InP/ZnSe/ZnS、InP/ZnSe/CdxZn1-xS、InP/ZnSexS1-x、InP/GaP/ZnS、InxZn1-xP/ZnS、InxZn1-xP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, wherein x is a decimal number from 0 to 1.
According to one embodiment, the core/shell semiconductor nanocrystal is ZnS-based, i.e. a single layer of ZnS in the last layer of the outer shell.
According to one embodiment, the core/shell semiconductor nanocrystal is CdS based, i.e., a single layer of CdS in the last layer of the shell.
According to one embodiment, the core/shell semiconductor nanocrystal is CdxZn1-xS-dominated, i.e. single-layer Cd in the last layer of the envelopexZn1-xS, where X is a decimal number from 0 to 1.
According to one embodiment, the last atomic layer of the semiconductor nanocrystal is a monolayer of cations rich in cadmium, zinc, or indium.
According to one embodiment, the last atomic layer of the semiconductor nanocrystal is a monolayer of anions rich in sulfur, selenium, or phosphorus.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticle is a core/corona semiconductor nanocrystal.
According to one embodiment, the core/corona semiconductor nanocrystal includes at least one corona 37 having a chemical equation of MxNyEzAwM is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; and X, Y, Z and W are each a number from 0 to 5; x, Y, Z and W are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and Y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, the core/corona semiconductor nanocrystal comprises at least one corona having a chemical equation of MxNyEzAwWherein M, N, E and A are the wood described aboveAnd (5) feeding.
According to one embodiment, crown 37 comprises a different material than core 33.
According to one embodiment, crown 37 comprises the same material as core 33.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal is atomically flat. In this embodiment, the characteristics of the atomically flat nanocrystals can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), photoluminescence, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise initial nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise initial colloidal nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticle 3 comprises at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticle comprises at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal comprises at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 comprises at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystal includes an atomically flat core. In this embodiment, the characteristics of the atomically flat nuclei can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), photoluminescence, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets are atomically flat. In this embodiment, the characteristics of the atomically flat nanoplatelets can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), photoluminescence, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets comprise atomically flat nuclei. In this embodiment, the characteristics of the atomically flat nuclei can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), photoluminescence, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets are quasi-two-dimensional.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets are two-dimensionally shaped.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the semiconductor nanoplatelets can be adjusted on an atomic scale.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets comprise initial nanocrystals.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets comprise initial colloidal nanocrystals.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets comprise initial nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets comprise initial colloidal nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the core 33 of the semiconductor nanoplatelets is an initial nanoplatelet.
According to one embodiment, the chemical equation of the initial nanoplatelets is MxNyEzAwWherein M, N, E and A are as described above.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the initial nanoplatelets comprises alternating atomic layers of M and E.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the initial nanoplatelets comprises M, N, A alternating atomic layers with E.
According to one embodiment, a semiconductor nanoplatelet comprises initial nanoplatelets partially or completely covered by at least one layer of additional material.
According to one embodiment, at least one layer of additional material of formula MxNyEzAwWherein M, N, E and A are as described above.
According to one embodiment, a semiconductor nanoplatelet comprises initial nanoplatelets wherein at least one facet is partially or completely covered by at least one layer of additional material.
In one embodiment, when several layers of material completely or partially cover the initial nanoplatelets, the layers may be composed of the same material or different materials.
In one embodiment, when several layers of material completely or partially cover the initial nanoplatelets, the material composition of the layers may form a gradient of material.
According to one embodiment, the initial nanoplatelets are inorganic colloidal nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the initial nanoplatelets contained in the nanoplatelet semiconductor retain their two-dimensional structure.
According to one embodiment, the material covering said initial nanoplatelets is inorganic.
According to one embodiment, at least a portion of the semiconductor nanoplatelets have a thickness greater than a thickness of the initial nanoplatelets.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets comprise initial nanoplatelets that are completely covered by at least one layer of material.
According to one embodiment, the nanoplatelets comprise initial nanoplatelets that are completely covered by a first layer of material that is partially or completely covered by at least a second layer of material.
According to one embodiment, the initial nanoplatelets have a thickness of at least 0.3 nm, 0.4 nm, 0.5 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.7 nm, 0.8 nm, 0.9 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.1 nm, 1.2 nm, 1.3 nm, 1.4 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, 70 nm, 20 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 10.5 nm, 9 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 10nm, 6 nm, 5 nm, 6, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, or 500 nm.
According to one embodiment, the ratio (aspect ratio) between the thickness of the initial nanoplatelets and the lateral dimension (length or width) of the initial nanoplatelets is at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, at least 8, at least 8.5, at least 9, at least 9.5, at least 10, at least 10.5, at least 11, at least 11.5, at least 12, at least 12.5, at least 13, at least 13.5, at least 14, at least 14.5, at least 15, at least 15.5, at least 16, at least 16.5, at least 17, at least 17.5, at least 18, at least 18.5, at least 19, at least 19.5, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least, At least 100, at least 150, at least 200, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, at least 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, at least 950, or at least 1000.
According to one embodiment, the initial nanoplatelets have a lateral dimension of at least 2 nm, 3 nm, 4 nm, 5 nm, 6 nm, 7 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, 10nm or less, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 140 nm, 145 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 100 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 30 nm, 60nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 300nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 microns, 2.5 microns, 3 microns, 3.5 microns, 4 microns, 4.5 microns, 5 microns, 5.5 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28.5 microns, 29.5 microns, 31.5 microns, 31 microns, 30, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 62.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 47.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 93.5 microns, 94.5 microns, 94 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 95 microns, 76 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to one embodiment, at least one of the thicknesses of the semiconductor nanoplates is 0.3 nm, 0.4 nm, 0.5 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.7 nm, 0.8 nm, 0.9 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.1 nm, 1.2 nm, 1.3 nm, 1.4 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, 70 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 9 nm, 4 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 10nm, 5 nm, or more, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, or 500 nm.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets have lateral dimensions of at least 2 nanometers, 3 nanometers, 4 nanometers, 5 nanometers, 6 nanometers, 7 nanometers, 8 nanometers, 9 nanometers, 10 nanometers, 15 nanometers, 20 nanometers, 25 nanometers, 30 nanometers, 35 nanometers, 40 nanometers, 45 nanometers, 50 nanometers, 55 nanometers, 60 nanometers, 65 nanometers, 70 nanometers, 75 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 85 nanometers, 90 nanometers, 95 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 105 nanometers, 110 nanometers, 115 nanometers, 120 nanometers, 125 nanometers, 130 nanometers, 135 nanometers, 140 nanometers, 145 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 200 nanometers, 210 nanometers, 220 nanometers, 230 nanometers, 240 nanometers, 250 nanometers, 260 nanometers, 270 nanometers, 280 nanometers, 290 nanometers, 300 nanometers, 350 nanometers, 400 nanometers, 450 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 550 nanometers, 600 nanometers, 650 nanometers, 700 nanometers, 750 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 850 nanometers, 6 nanometers, 7 nanometers, 20 nanometers, or 40 nanometers, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 microns, 3 microns, 3.5 microns, 4 microns, 4.5 microns, 5 microns, 5.5 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28.5 microns, 29.5 microns, 30.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 31 microns, 32 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 31 microns, 32 microns, 31, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60.5 microns, 62 microns, 63.5 microns, 63 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 64 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 61 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 61 microns, 48.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 48 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 95, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to one embodiment, the ratio (aspect ratio) between the thickness of the semiconductor nanoplatelets and the lateral dimension (length or width) of the semiconductor nanoplatelets is at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, at least 8, at least 8.5, at least 9, at least 9.5, at least 10, at least 10.5, at least 11, at least 11.5, at least 12, at least 12.5, at least 13, at least 13.5, at least 14, at least 14.5, at least 15, at least 15.5, at least 16, at least 16.5, at least 17, at least 17.5, at least 18, at least 18.5, at least 19, at least 19.5, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least, At least 100, at least 150, at least 200, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, at least 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, at least 950, or at least 1000.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets are manufactured by depositing a layer or film of material on the surface of at least one face of at least one initial nanoplatelet, increasing its thickness; or by depositing a layer or film of material on the surface of at least one face of at least one initial nanoplatelet, increasing its lateral length/width; or by any method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets may comprise initial nanoplatelets and 1,2, 3,4, 5 or more outer layers covering all or a portion of said initial nanoplatelets, said outer layers may start with the same composition as the initial nanoplatelets or be of a different material composition than the initial nanoplatelets or be of a different material composition between layers.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets may comprise initial nanoplatelets and at least 1,2, 3,4, 5 or more layers, wherein a first deposited layer covers all of a portion of the initial nanoplatelets and said at least a second deposited layer covers some or all of the previously deposited layers. The outer layer may be of the same composition as the initial nanoplatelets or of a different material composition than the initial nanoplatelets or possibly of a different material composition between the layers.
According to one embodiment, the semiconductor nanoplatelets have a thickness of MxNyEzAwMultiple of a single layer wherein M, N, E and a are the materials described above.
According to one embodiment, the core 33 of the semiconductor nanoplatelets has a thickness of at least 1MxNyEzAwSingle layer, at least 2MxNyEzAwSingle layer, at least 3MxNyEzAwSingle layer, at least 4MxNyEzAwSingle layer, at least 5MxNyEzAwA monolayer, wherein M, N, E and a are as described above.
According to one embodiment, the shell 34 of the semiconductor nanoplatelets has a thickness MxNyEzAwMultiple of a single layer, wherein M, N, E and a are as described above.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 further comprise at least one dense particle 9 dispersed in the inorganic material 2. in this embodiment, the at least one dense particle 9 comprises a dense material 2 having a density that is better than the density of the inorganic material.
According to one embodiment, the energy gap of the dense material is greater than or equal to 3 electron volts.
According to one embodiment, examples of dense materials include, but are not limited to: oxides, for example: tin oxide, silicon oxide, germanium oxide, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, ytterbium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, thorium oxide, zinc oxide, lanthanide oxides, actinide oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, mixed oxides thereof; a metal sulfide; carbide; a nitride; or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the at least one dense particle 9 has a maximum loading rate of 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or 1%.
According to one embodiment, the at least one dense particle 9 has a density of at least 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
According to a preferred embodiment, examples of composite particles 1 include, but are not limited to: semiconductor nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated in an inorganic material, semiconductor nanoplatelets encapsulated in an inorganic material, perovskite nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, phosphors encapsulated in nanoparticles of an inorganic material, semiconductor nanoplatelets coated with a grease, and then coated in an inorganic material, such as alumina or a mixture thereof. In this embodiment, lipids may refer to lipids, e.g., non-polar long carbon chain molecules; having charged terminal phospholipid molecules; polymers, such as block copolymers or copolymers, in which a portion of the main chain or polymeric side chain in the polymer has a domain of long nonpolar carbon chains; or a long hydrocarbon chain containing a terminal functional group of a carboxylate, sulfate, phosphonate or thiol.
According to a preferred embodiment, examples of composite particles 1 include, but are not limited to: CdSe/CdZnS @ SiO2、CdSe/CdZnS@SixCdyZnzOw、CdSe/CdZnS@Al2O3、InP/ZnS@Al2O3、CH5N2-PbBr3@Al2O3、CdSe/CdZnS-Au@SiO2、Fe3O4@Al2O3-CdSe/CdZnS@SiO2、CdS/ZnS@Al2O3、CdSeS/CdZnS@Al2O3、CdSe/CdS/ZnS@Al2O3、InP/ZnSe/ZnS@Al2O3、CuInS2/ZnS@Al2O3、CuInSe2/ZnS@Al2O3、CdSe/CdS/ZnS@SiO2、CdSeS/ZnS@Al2O3、CdSeS/CdZnS@SiO2、InP/ZnS@SiO2、CdSeS/CdZnS@SiO2、InP/ZnSe/ZnS@SiO2、Fe3O4@Al2O3、CdSe/CdZnS@ZnO、CdSe/CdZnS@ZnO、CdSe/CdZnS@Al2O3@MgO、CdSe/CdZnS-Fe3O4@SiO2Phosphorescent nanoparticles @ Al2O3Phosphorescent nanoparticles @ ZnO, phosphorescent nanoparticles @ SiO2Phosphorescent nanoparticles @ HfO2、CdSe/CdZnS@HfO2、CdSeS/CdZnS@HfO2、InP/ZnS@HfO2、CdSeS/CdZnS@HfO2、InP/ZnSe/ZnS@HfO2、CdSe/CdZnS-Fe3O4@HfO2、CdSe/CdS/ZnS@SiO2Or mixtures thereof; wherein the phosphorescent nanoparticles include, but are not limited to: yttrium aluminum garnet particle (YAG, Y)3Al5O12) (Ca, Y) - α -SiAlON: Eu particle, ((Y, Gd)3(Al、Ga)5O12Ce) particles, CaAlSiN3Eu particles, sulfide-based phosphor particles, PFS Mn4+Particles (potassium fluorosilicate).
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise quantum dots encapsulated in titanium dioxide or semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated in titanium dioxide.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are between the nanoparticles 3 and the inorganic material 2, without a spacer layer.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise a core/shell nanoparticle, wherein the core is luminescent and emits red light and the shell is a spacer layer between the nanoparticle 3 and the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise a core/shell nanoparticle and a plurality of nanoparticles 3, wherein the core is luminescent and emits red light and the shell is a spacer layer between the nanoparticles 3 and the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise at least one luminescent core, a spacer layer, a cladding layer and a plurality of quantum dots, wherein the luminescent core emits red light and the spacer layer is located between the luminescent core and the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise a luminescent core surrounded by a spacer layer and emitting red light.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise nanoparticles covering or surrounding the luminescent core.
According to one embodiment, the composite particle 1 does not comprise nanoparticles covering or surrounding the red light emitting core.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 do not contain luminescent cores composed of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of silicate phosphors, aluminate phosphors, phosphate phosphors, sulfide phosphors, nitride phosphors, and oxynitride phosphors; wherein the luminescent core is covered by a spacer layer.
According to one embodiment, the nanoparticles 3 emit secondary light of a different wavelength than the primary light.
Fig. 6A shows a luminescent material 7 comprising at least one composite particle 1 surrounded by a medium 71.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 surrounds, coats and/or covers a part or all of the at least one composite particle 1.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further may comprise a plurality of composite particles 1.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least two media (71, 72). In this embodiment, the media may be different or the same.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a plurality of media (71, 72).
According to one embodiment, the plurality of composite particles 1 are uniformly dispersed on the medium 71.
According to one embodiment, the loading rate of the composite particles 1 in the host material 71 is at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 0.5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the loading rate of the composite particles 1 in the host material 71 is less than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 25%, 0.5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are dispersed in the host material 71 such that the filling rate of the composite particles 1 is at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 50%, 5%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90% or 95%.
According to one embodiment, the filling rate of the composite particles 1 dispersed in the host material 71 is less than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90% or 95%.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are connected to each other, in contact.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not in contact with each other.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are not in contact with each other and are not connected in the same host material 71.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 are separated from each other by the host material 71.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 can be examined, verified by, for example, conventional microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy or fluorescence scanning microscopy alone.
According to one embodiment, each composite particle 1 of the plurality of composite particles 1 is spaced apart from its neighboring composite particles 1 by an average minimum distance.
According to one embodiment, the average minimum distance between two composite particles 1 may be controlled.
According to one embodiment, the average minimum distance between two composite particles 1 in the host material 71 or between a group of composite particles 1 is at least 1 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 19.5 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.5 micron, 4 micron, 4.5 micron, 5 micron, 5.5 micron, 6 micron, 6.5 micron, 7 micron, 7.5 micron, 8 micron, 8.5 micron, 9 micron, 9.5 micron, 10 micron, 10.5 micron, 11 micron, 11.5 micron, 12 micron, 12.5 micron, 13 micron, 13.5 micron, 14 micron, 14.5 micron, 15 micron, 15.5 micron, 16 micron, 16.5 micron, 17 micron, 17.5 micron, 18 micron, 18.5 micron, 19 micron, 19.5 micron, 20 micron, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29 microns, 29.5 microns, 30 microns, 30.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 32 microns, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47.5 microns, 48.5 microns, 49.5 microns, 49 microns, 51.5 microns, 49 microns, 51.5 microns, 51 microns, 50 microns, 51 microns, 52 microns, 50 microns, 51.5 microns, 50, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81.81 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 84 microns, 83.5 microns, 85 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 72 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 96 microns, 96.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 300 microns, 400 microns, 500 microns, 600 microns, 700 microns, 800 microns, 900 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to an embodiment, the average distance between two composite particles 1 in the host material 71 or between a group of composite particles 1 is at least 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10nm, 10.5 nm, 11 nm, 11.5 nm, 12 nm, 12.5 nm, 13 nm, 13.5 nm, 14 nm, 14.5 nm, 15 nm, 15.5 nm, 16 nm, 16.5 nm, 17 nm, 17.5 nm, 18 nm, 18.5 nm, 19 nm, 19.5 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 140 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.5 micron, 4 micron, 4.5 micron, 5 micron, 5.5 micron, 6 micron, 6.5 micron, 7 micron, 7.5 micron, 8 micron, 8.5 micron, 9 micron, 9.5 micron, 10 micron, 10.5 micron, 11 micron, 11.5 micron, 12 micron, 12.5 micron, 13 micron, 13.5 micron, 14 micron, 14.5 micron, 15 micron, 15.5 micron, 16 micron, 16.5 micron, 17 micron, 17.5 micron, 18 micron, 19.5 micron, 19 micron, 19.5 micron, 20 micron, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29 microns, 29.5 microns, 30 microns, 30.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 32 microns, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47.5 microns, 48.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 49 microns, 51.5 microns, 49 microns, 51.5 microns, 50 microns, 49 microns, 50 microns, 52 microns, 50.5 microns, 50 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 80.5 microns, 80.81 microns, 80.5 microns, 82 microns, 84.5 microns, 84 microns, 83.5 microns, 83.82 microns, 83.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 83 microns, 65 microns, 83.5 microns, 69, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95 microns, 95.5 microns, 96 microns, 96.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 300 microns, 400 microns, 500 microns, 600 microns, 700 microns, 800 microns, 900 microns, or 1 millimeter.
According to an embodiment, the average distance between two composite particles 1 in the host material 71 or between a group of composite particles 1 may have a deviation of less than or equal to 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 4.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 4%, 3.5%, 4.5%, 4%, 3%, 4%, 4.5%, 4, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9% or 10%
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 does not comprise optically transparent void regions.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 does not comprise a void area surrounding said at least one composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6B, the luminescent material 7 further comprises at least one particle comprising an inorganic material 21 and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the inorganic material 21 is different from the inorganic material 2 in the composite particle of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the at least one particle, which comprises the inorganic material 21, is empty, i.e. does not comprise any nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises at least one particle comprising an inorganic material 21 and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein said inorganic material 21 is different from the inorganic material 2 in the composite particle of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the at least one particle, which comprises the inorganic material 21, is empty, i.e. does not comprise any nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises at least one particle comprising an inorganic material 21, wherein said inorganic material 21 is the same as the inorganic material in the composite particle of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the at least one particle, which comprises the inorganic material 21, is empty, i.e. does not comprise any nanoparticles.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises at least one particle comprising an inorganic material 21, wherein said inorganic material 21 is different from the inorganic material 2 in the composite particle of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the at least one particle, which comprises the inorganic material 21, is empty, i.e. does not comprise any nanoparticles.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% by weight of particles comprising the inorganic material 21.
According to one embodiment, said particles comprise an inorganic material 21 having a different size than said at least one composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, said particles comprise an inorganic material 21 having the same size as said at least one composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises a plurality of nanoparticles. In the present embodiment, the nanoparticles are different from the nanoparticles 3 contained in the at least one composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises a plurality of nanoparticles. In the present embodiment, the nanoparticles are the same as the nanoparticles 3 contained in the at least one composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% by weight of nanoparticles, wherein said nanoparticles are not comprised within said at least one composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is oxygen-free.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is water-free.
In another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may comprise at least one solvent.
In another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 does not comprise a solvent.
In another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may comprise, but is not limited to, the following liquids: 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-pyrrolidone, C4 to C81, 2-alkanediols, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ketones, methyl ethyl ketone, C1 to C4 alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, methanol propanol or isopropanol, ketones, esters, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, acetals, acrylic resins, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide resins, polyurethane resins, glycidyl ethers of epoxy resins, alcoholates, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, alkyd resins, maleic acids, cellulose derivatives, formaldehyde, rubber resins, phenolic resins, propyl acetate, glycol ethers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, acetates, esters. Acrylic acid, cellulose ester, nitrocellulose, modified resins, alkoxylated alcohols, 2-pyrrolidone, homologues of 2-pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, water.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a liquid in a weight ratio of at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the total weight of the luminescent material 7.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises scattering particles dispersed in the host material 71. Examples of scattering particles include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, silver, gold, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like. The scattering particles may help to increase the internal light scattering in the luminescent material 7 to promote the interaction between photons and scattering particles, thereby increasing the amount of light absorption.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises scattering particles and the composite particles 1 are not comprised in the at least one medium 71.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 further comprises heat conductor particles dispersed in the medium 71. Examples of thermal conductor particles include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like. In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the medium 71 is increased.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit an emission spectrum comprising at least one emission peak having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 50 μm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit an emission spectrum comprising at least one emission peak having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 500 nm. In the present embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits blue light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit an emission spectrum comprising at least one emission peak having a luminescence peak wavelength in a range from 500nm to 560nm, preferably in a range from 515 nm to 545 nm. In the present embodiment, the light emitting material 7 emits green light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit an emission spectrum comprising at least one emission peak having a luminescence peak wavelength in the range from 560nm to 590 nm. In the present embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits yellow light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit an emission spectrum comprising at least one emission peak having a luminescence peak wavelength in a range from 590 nm to 750 nm, more preferably in a range from 610 to 650 nm. In the present embodiment, the light emitting material 7 emits red light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit an emission spectrum comprising at least one emission peak, wherein said emission peak has a luminescence peak wavelength in the range from 750 nm to 50 μm. In the present embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits near infrared rays, intermediate infrared rays, or infrared rays.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one emission peak with a full width at half maximum below 90nm, 80 nm, 70 nm, 60nm, 50 nm, 40 nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one emission peak with a quarter peak width below 90nm, 80 nm, 70 nm, 60nm, 50 nm, 40 nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a reduction of the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after being irradiated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a reduction of the luminescence intensity of less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after being irradiated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours.
According to one embodiment, the illumination is provided by a blue, green, red or ultraviolet light source, such as a laser (laser), diode, fluorescent lamp or xenon arc lamp. According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or the average peak pulse power of the illumination is comprised between 1nW.cm-2And 100kW.cm-2More preferably 10mW.cm-2And 100W.cm-2And even more preferably 10mw.cm-2And 30W.cm-2In the meantime.
According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or average peak luminous flux power of the light illumination is at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2。
According to an embodiment the luminescent material 7 passes 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000. 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours after light irradiation, and the light irradiation has a luminous flux or an average peak pulse power of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) is reduced by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is passed 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000. 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours after light irradiation, and the light irradiation has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1mW-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2，20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the FCE is reduced by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is irradiated with pulsed light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours and has an average peak pulse power of at least 1mw.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2，20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) is reduced by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
In certain preferred embodiments, the luminescent material 7 has been irradiated with continuous or pulsed light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours and has an average peak pulse power or average luminous flux of at least 1.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2，20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) is reduced by less than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is irradiated with pulsed light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours and has an average peak pulse power of at least 1mw.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2，20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the FCE is reduced by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
In certain preferred embodiments, the luminescent material 7 passes 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000. 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours after irradiation with continuous light or pulsed light, and the average peak pulse power or average luminous flux is at least 1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2,5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2，20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the FCE is reduced by less than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is irradiated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours and the luminous flux of the irradiated light or the average peak pulse power is at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the degree of decrease in the light emission intensity is less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle 3 emitting green light. In this embodiment, the at least one green luminescent nanoparticle 3 is excited by the primary light, thereby emitting green secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle 3 emitting blue light. In this embodiment, the at least one blue luminescent nanoparticle 3 is excited by the primary light, thereby emitting a blue secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle 3 emitting red light. In this embodiment, the at least one red luminescent nanoparticle 3 is excited by the primary light, thereby emitting red secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle 3 emitting orange light. In this embodiment, the at least one orange luminescent nanoparticle 3 is excited by the primary light, thereby emitting orange secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle 3 emitting yellow light. In this embodiment, the at least one yellow luminescent nanoparticle 3 is excited by the primary light, thereby emitting a yellow secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one composite particle 1 comprising at least one nanoparticle 3 emitting violet light. In this embodiment, the at least one violet luminescent nanoparticle 3 is excited by the primary light, thereby emitting a violet secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 penetrates a portion of the primary light and emits at least one secondary light. In this embodiment, the output light is a combination of the transmitted primary light and the at least one secondary light, thereby generating a polychromatic light (e.g., white light).
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 absorbs and/or scatters all primary light and emits at least one secondary light. In this embodiment, the output light is a combination of the at least one secondary light, thereby producing a polychromatic light (e.g. white light).
According to one embodiment, said medium 71 is free of oxygen.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 is free of water.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 may limit or prevent degradation of the chemical and physical properties of the at least one composite particle 1 due to oxygen molecules, ozone, water, and/or high temperatures.
According to one embodiment, said medium 71 is optically transparent at wavelengths between 200 nm and 50 microns, between 200 nm and 10 microns, between 200 nm and 2500nm, between 200 nm and 2000 nm, between 200 nm and 1500 nm, between 200 nm and 1000 nm, between 200 nm and 800 nm, between 400 and 700 nm, between 400 and 600 nm or between 400 nm and 470 nm.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 has a refractive index at 450 nm ranging from 1.0 to 3.0, from 1.2 to 2.6, from 1.4 to 2.0.
According to one embodiment, medium 71 has a refractive index at 450 nm of at least 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, or 3.0.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 has a refractive index that is different from the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 that the at least one composite particle 1 comprises. In the case where the refractive index of the medium 71 is the same as that of at least one of the composite particles 1 or the inorganic material 2, the scattering angle can be made wider. The embodiment can also make the light scattering ability vary with the wavelength of light, and especially improve the scattering of incident light compared with the scattering of emitted light, wherein the wavelength of incident light is smaller than that of emitted light.
According to one embodiment, the refractive index of the medium 71 differs from the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 comprised by the at least one composite particle 1 or from the refractive index of the composite particle 1 itself by at least 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05%, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07, 0.075, 0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, 0.1, 0.11, 0.115, 0.12, 0.125, 0.13, 0.135, 0.14, 0.145, 0.15, 0.155, 0.16, 0.165, 0.17, 0.175, 0.18, 0.185, 0.19, 0.195, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.65, 0.19, 0.195, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.65, 1.5, 1.95, 1.75, 1.5, 1.95, 1.1.75, 1.5, 1.75, 1.1.75, 1.5, 1.1.1.95, 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.95, 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1..
According to one embodiment, the difference in refractive index of the medium 71 from the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 comprised by the at least one composite particle 1 ranges from 0.02 to 2, from 0.02 to 1.5, from 0.03 to 1.5, from 0.04 to 1.5, from 0.05 to 1.5, from 0.02 to 1.2, from 0.03 to 1.2, from 0.04 to 1.2, from 0.05 to 1, from 0.1 to 1, from 0.2 to 1, from 0.3 to 1, from 0.5 to 1, from 0.05 to 2, from 0.1 to 2, from 0.2 to 2, from 0.3 to 2 or from 0.5 to 2.
The difference in refractive index was measured at 450 nm.
According to one embodiment, the refractive index of the medium 71 is greater than or equal to the refractive index of said inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, the refractive index of the medium 71 is smaller than the refractive index of the inorganic material 2.
According to one embodiment, at least one composite particle 1 in the medium 71 may scatter light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a haze ranging from 1% to 100%.
According to one embodiment, the haze of the luminescent material 7 is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%.
Haze is calculated as the ratio of the intensity of light between the transmitted light and all transmitted light within the viewing angle when a light source illuminates and/or excites the material.
According to one embodiment, the viewing angle used to measure haze ranges from 0 ° to 20 °.
According to one embodiment, the angle of the field of view used to measure haze is at least 0 °, 1 °,2 °,3 °,4 °,5 °,6 °,7 °, 8 °, 9 °, 10 °, 11 °, 12 °, 13 °, 14 °, 15 °, 16 °, 17 °, 18 °, 19 °, or 20 °.
According to one embodiment, at least one composite particle 1 in the medium 71 is used as a waveguide. In this embodiment, the refractive index of the at least one composite particle 1 is higher than the refractive index of the medium 71.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 have a spherical shape. The spherical shape allows light to circulate within the composite particle 1 without leaving the composite particle 1, and thus can be used as a waveguide. The spherical shape may cause the light to have a whispering gallery wave mode. Furthermore, a perfect sphere avoids non-uniformity in the intensity of light scattering at different angles.
According to one embodiment, at least one composite particle 1 in the medium 71 is configured to enable multiple reflections of light within said composite particle 1.
According to one embodiment, the refractive index of the medium 71 is the same as the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 comprised by the at least one composite particle 1. In this embodiment, light can be prevented from being scattered.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 is a thermal insulator.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 is a thermal conductor.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the medium 71 under standard conditions ranges from 0.1 to 450W/(m.K), preferably from 1 to 200W/(m.K), more preferably from 10 to 150W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the medium 71 under standard conditions has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m., 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the dielectric 71 is an electrical insulator.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 is electrically conductive.
According to one embodiment, the conductivity of medium 71 under standard conditions is 1 × 10-20To 107S/m, preference from 1X 10-15To 5S/m, more preferably 1X 10-7To 1S/m.
According to one embodiment, medium 71 has a conductivity of at least 1 × 10 under standard conditions-20S/m、0.5×10-19S/m、1×10-19S/m、0.5×10-18S/m、1×10-18S/m,0.5×10-17S/m、1×10-17S/m、0.5×10- 16S/m、1×10-16S/m、0.5×10-15S/m、1×10-15S/m,0.5×10-14S/m、1×10-14S/m、0.5×10-13S/m、1×10-13S/m、0.5×10-12S/m、1×10-12S/m,0.5×10-11S/m、1×10-11S/m、0.5×10-10S/m、1×10-10S/m、0.5×10-9S/m、1×10-9S/m、0.5×10-8S/m、1×10-8S/m、0.5×10-7S/m、1×10-7S/m、0.5×10-6S/m、1×10-6S/m、0.5×10-5S/m、1×10-5S/m、0.5×10-4S/m、1×10-4S/m、0.5×10- 3S/m、1×10-3S/m、0.5×10-2S/m、1×10-2S/m、0.5×10-1S/m、1×10-1S/m、0.5S/m、1S/m、1.5S/m、2S/m、2.5S/m、3S/m、3.5S/m、4S/m、4.5S/m、5S/m、5.5S/m、6S/m、6.5S/m、7S/m、7.5S/m、8S/m、8.5S/m、9S/m、9.5S/m、10S/m、50S/m、102S/m、5×102S/m、103S/m、5×103S/m、104S/m、5×104S/m、105S/m、5×105S/m、106S/m、5×106S/m、or 107S/m.。
According to one embodiment, the conductivity of the medium 71 may be measured, for example, using an impedance spectrometer.
According to one embodiment, the at least one medium 71 may be a fluid or a solid matrix material. In this embodiment, the fluid may be a liquid or a gas.
According to one embodiment, said at least one medium 71 is a fluid, such as a liquid or a gas.
According to one embodiment, one medium 71 is at least a gas, such as air, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, oxygen, helium, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, NO2、N2O、F2、Cl2、H2Se、CH4、PH3、NH3、SO2、H2S or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, said at least one medium 71 is a liquid, such as water, an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent.
According to one embodiment, the at least one medium 71 comprises a vapour of an aqueous or organic solvent.
According to one embodiment, the organic solvent includes, but is not limited to: hexane, heptane, pentane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, acetone, acetic acid, N-methyl methylamine, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, octadecene, squalene, amines, such as, for example, tri-N-octylamine, 1, 3-diaminopropane, oleylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, squalene, alcohols, such as ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-decanol, propane-2-ol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the vapour of the solution or solvent is obtained by heating said solution or solvent by means of an external heating system.
According to one embodiment, the at least one medium 71 is a solid host material.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material may be cured into the shape of a film, thereby producing at least one film.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material is polymeric.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material comprises an organic material as described below.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material comprises an organic polymer as described below.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material may be polymerized by heating it and/or by exposing it to UV light.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric solid host material includes, but is not limited to: silicone-based polymers, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate, polyesters, polyacrylates, polycarbonates, poly (vinyl alcohol), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, polysaccharides, poly (ethylene glycol), melamine resins, phenolic resins, alkyl resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, maleic resins, polyamide resins, alkyl resins, maleic resins, terpene resins, acrylic resins or acrylate-based resins such as PMMA, copolymer-forming resins, copolymers, block copolymers, polymerizable monomers thereof containing UV initiators or thermal initiators or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric solid host material includes, but is not limited to: a thermosetting resin, a photosensitive resin, a photoresist resin, a photocurable resin or a dry curable resin. The thermosetting resin and the photocurable resin are cured by heat and light, respectively. To use a dry hardened resin, at least one composite particle 1 is dispersed in a solvent containing the resin, and the resin is cured by applying heat.
When a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin is used, the composition of the obtained luminescent material 7 is the same as the composition of the raw material of the luminescent material 7. However, when a dry curing resin is used, the composition of the light emitting material 7 may be different from the raw material composition of the light emitting material 7. When the resin is cured by thermal drying, the solvent therein is partially evaporated. Therefore, the volume ratio of the raw material of the composite particles 1 in the light-emitting material 7 can be larger than the volume ratio of the composite particles 1 in the light-emitting material 7. After heating, the volume of the luminescent material may shrink.
When the resin is cured, it causes volume shrinkage. According to one embodiment, the shrinkage for one being caused by a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin is at least 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15% or 20%. According to one embodiment, the shrinkage ratio of the dried cured resin is at least 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%. The shrinkage of the resin may cause movement of the composite particles 1, which may be in reducing the dispersion of the composite particles 1 in the luminescent material 7. However, an embodiment of the present invention can prevent the composite particles 1 from moving by introducing other particles into the luminescent material 7, and maintain the high dispersibility.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material may be a polymerizable formulation, which may comprise monomers, oligomers, polymers or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a cross-linking agent, a scattering agent, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator.
According to one embodiment, the composition of the polymerizable formulation includes, but is not limited to, the following monomers, oligomers, or polymers: alkyl methacrylates or acrylates, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylates substituted with methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, e.g. butoxy and similar derivatives, methacrylates, ethacrylates, propyl acrylates, butyl acrylates, isobutyl acrylates, lauryl acrylates, norbornyl acrylates, 2-ethylhexyl acrylates, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylates, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylates, benzyl acrylates, phenylacrylates, isobornyl acrylates, hydroxypropyl acrylates, fluorinated acrylic monomers, chlorinated acrylic monomers, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylates, n-butyl methacrylates, isobutyl methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylates, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylates, methyl acrylates, butyl acrylates, benzyl acrylates, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, norbornyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylic monomers, chlorinated methacrylic monomers, alkyl crotonates, allyl crotonates, glycidyl methacrylate and related esters.
In another embodiment, the composition of the polymerizable formulation comprises, but is not limited to, the following monomers, oligomers, or polymers: alkyl of alkylacrylamides or methacrylamides, e.g. acrylamide, alkylacrylamides, N-tert-butylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, N-diethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, ethyl N-p-methoxyphenylacetate, N-ethylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N- (isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N '-dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ] methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N' -dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ], N- (hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, N- (trityl) methacrylamide, polyisopropyl acrylamide), poly (ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphorsulfonic acid in water (PANI/CSA), PTPDES, Et-PIT-DEK, PPBA, and similar derivatives.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation composition includes, but is not limited to, monomers, oligomers or polymers made from α -olefins, dienes, such as butadiene and chloroprene, styrene, α -methylstyrene and the like, heteroatom substituted α -olefins, such as vinyl acetate, such as vinyl alkyl ethers, ethyl vinyl ethers, vinyl trimethylsilane, vinyl chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene rings and polycycloolefin compounds, and cyclic derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), polycyclic derivatives, such as norbornene, and similar derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), such as 2 cyclic vinyl ethers, 3-dihydrofuran, 3, 4-dihydropyran, and similar derivatives, such as allyl alcohol derivatives, vinyl ethylene carbonate.
According to one embodiment, examples of crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to: derivatives and analogs of diacrylate, triacrylate, tetraacrylate, dimethacrylate, trimethacrylate and tetramethacrylate monomers. Another example of a crosslinking agent includes, but is not limited to: from monomers, oligomers or polymers of di-or trifunctional monomers such as allyl methacrylate, diallyl maleate, 1, 3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 4-butanediol dimethyl, 1, 6-diol dimethyl, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-methylenebis (acrylamide), N' -hexamethylenebis (methacrylamide), and divinylbenzene.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise scattering particles. Examples of scattering particles include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, silver, gold, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a thermal conductor. Examples of thermal conductors include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like. In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the solid host material is increased.
According to a principleBy way of example, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a photoinitiator examples of photoinitiators include, but are not limited to, α -hydroxyketone, phenylglyoxylic acid, benzyldimethyl ketal, α aminoketone, monoacyl oxide, bisacylphosphine oxide, phosphine oxide, benzophenone and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl cinnamate, derivatives of metallocenes or iodonium salts, and the like
Figure BDA0002378611290001361
Photoinitiators, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a thermal initiator. Examples of thermal initiators include, but are not limited to: peroxy compounds, azo compounds such as Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 4, 4-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), potassium and ammonium persulfate, t-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric solid host material may be a solid polymerized from: alkyl methacrylates or acrylates, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylates substituted with methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and similar derivatives, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, norbornyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, fluorinated acrylic monomers, chlorinated acrylic monomers, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid esters substituted with methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and similar derivatives, Benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, norbornyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylic monomers, chlorinated methacrylic monomers, alkyl crotonates, allyl crotonates, glycidyl methacrylate, and related esters.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric solid body material may be a polymeric solid made from a polymeric solid: alkyl of alkylacrylamides or methacrylamides, e.g. acrylamide, alkylacrylamides, N-tert-butylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, N-diethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, ethyl N-p-methoxyphenylacetate, N-ethylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N- (isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N '-dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ] methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N' -dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ], N- (hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, N- (trityl) methacrylamide, polyisopropyl acrylamide), poly (ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphorsulfonic acid in water (PANI/CSA), PTPDES, Et-PIT-DEK, PPBA, and similar derivatives.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric solid host material may be a polymeric solid made from α -olefins, dienes, such as butadiene and chloroprene, styrene, α -methylstyrene and the like, heteroatom-substituted α -olefins, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl alkyl ethers, ethyl vinyl ether, vinyltrimethylsilane, vinyl chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and cyclic olefin compounds, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene rings, and cyclic derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), polycyclic derivatives, such as norbornene, and similar derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), cyclic vinyl ethers, such as 2, 3-dihydrofuran, 3, 4-dihydropyran, and similar derivatives, allyl alcohol derivatives, such as ethylene vinyl carbonates, such as compounds of maleic acid and fumaric acid,
according to one embodiment, the polymeric solid host material may be polymethylmethacrylate, poly (lauryl methacrylate), pegylated poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (maleic anhydride-octadecene), or a mixture thereof.
In another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may further comprise at least one solvent. According to this embodiment, the solvent is a solvent capable of dissolving the composite particles 1 and the polymer host 71, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, 1, 2-hexanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, toluene, benzene, xylene, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane, THF (tetrahydrofuran), acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol, diglyme (diglyme), diethyl ether, DME (1, 2-dimethoxy-ethane, glyme), DMF (dimethylformamide), nano F (N-methylformamide), FA (formamide), DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), 1, 4-dioxane, triethylamine, alkoxy alcohol, alkyl alcohol, alkylbenzene, toluene, xylene, or mixtures thereof, An alkyl benzoate ester, an alkyl benzoate ester and a water soluble organic solvent,
according to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least two solvents as described above. In this embodiment, the solvents are miscible together.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a solvent of the blend as described above. In this embodiment, the solvents are miscible together.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a plurality of solvents as described above. In this embodiment, the solvents are miscible together.
According to one embodiment, the solvent contained in the luminescent material 7 is miscible with water.
In another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a blend solvent such as: mixtures of solvents, for example: benzyl alcohol and butylbenzene mixture, benzyl alcohol and anisole mixture, benzyl alcohol and mesitylene mixture, butylbenzene and anisole mixture, butylbenzene and mesitylene mixture, anisole and mesitylene mixture, dodecylbenzene and cis-decalin mixture, dodecylbenzene and benzyl alcohol mixture, dodecylbenzene and butylbenzene mixture, dodecylbenzene and anisole mixture, dodecylbenzene and mesitylene mixture, cis-decalin and benzyl alcohol mixture, cis-decalin and butylbenzene mixture, cis-decalin and anisole mixture, cis-decalin and mesitylene mixture, trans-decalin and benzyl alcohol mixture, trans-decalin and butylbenzene mixture, trans-decalin and anisole mixture, trans-decalin and mesitylene mixture, Mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and anisole, mixture of methyl benzoate and anisole, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and methylnaphthalene, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and methoxypropanol, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and phenoxyethanol, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and octylvaleric acid, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and trans-decalin, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and mesitylene, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and butylbenzene, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and dodecylbenzene, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and benzyl alcohol, mixture of anisole and methylnaphthalene, mixture of anisole and methoxypropanol, mixture of anisole and phenoxyethanol, mixture of anisole and octylvalerate, mixture of methylbenzoate and methylnaphthalene, mixture of methyl benzoate and methoxypropanol, mixture of methyl pyrrolidone and methyl naphthalene, A mixture of methyl benzoate and phenoxyethanol, a mixture of methyl benzoate and amyl octanoate, a mixture of methyl benzoate and cis-decalin, a mixture of methyl benzoate and trans-decalin, a mixture of methyl benzoate and mesitylene, a mixture of methyl benzoate and butylbenzene, a mixture of methyl benzoate and dodecylbenzene, a mixture of methyl benzoate and benzyl chloride methanol naphthalene and methoxypropanol, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and phenoxyethanol, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and octylvalerate, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and cis-decalin, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and trans-decalin, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and mesitylene, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and butylbenzene, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and dodecylbenzene, a mixture of methyl naphthalene and benzyl alcohol, a mixture of methoxypropanol and phenoxyethanol, Methoxypropanol with amyl octanoate, a mixture of methoxypropanol and cis-decalin, a mixture of methoxypropanol and trans-decalin, a mixture of methoxypropanol and mesitylene, a mixture of methoxypropanol and butylbenzene, a mixture of methoxypropanol and dodecylbenzene, a mixture of methoxypropanol and benzyl alcohol, a mixture of phenoxyethanol and amyl octanoate, a mixture of phenoxypropanol and mesitylene, a mixture of phenoxypropanol and butylbenzene, phenoxypropanol and decylbenzene, a mixture of phenoxypropanol and benzyl alcohol, a mixture of amyl octanoate and cis-decalin, a mixture of amyl octanoate and trans-decalin, a mixture of amyl octanoate and mesitylene, a mixture of amyl pentanoate and butylbenzene, a mixture of amyl octanoate and dodecylbenzene, a mixture of amyl pentanoate and benzyl alcohol, or a blend of combinations thereof.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a mixture of pentanedione and dipropylene glycol methyl ether, a mixture of pentanal and butyrophenone, a mixture of dipropylene glycol methyl ether and 1, 3-propanediol, a mixture of butyl phenol and 1, 3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, a mixture of 1, 3-propanediol and water, or a combination thereof.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a blend of three, four, five or more solvents as vehicle. Examples of vehicles may comprise a blend of three, four, five or more of the following solvents: pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, anisole, alkyl benzoate, methylbenzoate, alkylnaphthalene, methylnaphthalene, alkoxyalcohol, methoxypropanol, phenoxyethanol, pentoctanoic acid, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, trimethylbenzene, alkylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, alkyl alcohol, aryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, phenolic butyrate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, cyclopentanone, and/or 3-propanediol. According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises three or more of the following solvents: cis-decalin, trans-decalin, benzyl alcohol, butylbenzene, anisole, mesitylene, and dodecylbenzene.
According to certain embodiments, each solvent in each of the above-listed blends may comprise a weight ratio of at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, or at least 40%, respectively, of the total weight of medium 71. In some embodiments, each of the solvents in the above-listed blends may be present in a proportion of up to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the luminescent material 7.
According to one embodiment, the media 71 comprises a film-forming material. In this embodiment, the film-forming material is a polymer or an inorganic material as described above.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% by weight of the film-forming material.
According to one embodiment, the film-forming material is polymerizable, i.e. comprises or contains the polymers and/or monomers described above.
According to one embodiment, the film-forming material is inorganic, i.e. it comprises or contains an inorganic material as described below.
In another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises the composite particles 1 of the invention and a polymeric solid host material, and does not comprise a solvent. In this embodiment, the composite particles 1 and the solid host material may be mixed by an extrusion process.
According to another embodiment, the solid host material is inorganic.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material does not comprise glass.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material does not comprise vitrified glass.
According to one embodiment, examples of inorganic solid host materials include, but are not limited to: materials or metal oxides obtained by sol-gel processes, such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, iridium oxide or mixtures thereof. The solid host material can act as an auxiliary barrier against oxidation and can conduct and remove heat if it is a good thermal conductor.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material is composed of the following metals: halides, chalcogenides, phosphides, sulfides, metalloids, metal alloys, ceramics, such as oxides, carbides or nitrides. The solid host material is prepared using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, a chalcogenide is composed of a compound of at least one chalcogenide anion, for example selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, and at least one or more electropositive elements.
According to one embodiment, the metallic solid body material may consist of the following elements: gold, silver, copper, vanadium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, yttrium, mercury, cadmium, osmium, chromium, tantalum, manganese, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, rhodium, tungsten, iridium, nickel, iron, or cobalt.
According to one embodiment, examples of carbide solid host materials include, but are not limited to: SiC, WC, BC, MoC, TiC, Al4C3、LaC2、FeC、CoC、HfC、SixCy、WxCy、BxCy、MoxCy、TixCy、AlxCy、LaxCy、FexCy、CoxCy、HfxCyOr mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not simultaneously the condition 0, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of oxidized solid host materials include, but are not limited to: SiO 22、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ZnO、MgO、SnO2、Nb2O5、CeO2、BeO、IrO2、CaO、Sc2O3、NiO、Na2O、BaO、K2O、PbO、Ag2O、V2O5、TeO2、MnO、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6、PO、GeO2、As2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Ta2O5、Li2O、SrO、Y2O3、HfO2、WO2、MoO2、Cr2O3、Tc2O7、ReO2、RuO2、Co3O4、OsO、RhO2、Rh2O3、PtO、PdO、CuO、Cu2O、CdO、HgO、Tl2O、Ga2O3、In2O3、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、La2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、La2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Tb4O7、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、Gd2O3Or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of oxidized solid host materials include, but are not limited to: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silver oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, beryllium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, iridium oxide, scandium oxide, nickel oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, vanadium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, boron oxide, phosphorus oxide, germanium oxide, osmium oxide, rhenium oxide, platinum oxide, arsenic oxide, tantalum oxide, lithium oxide, strontium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, chromium oxide, technetium oxide, rhodium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, palladium oxide, cadmium oxide, mercury oxide, thallium oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, polonium oxide, selenium oxide, cesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, holmium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, Lutetium oxide, gadolinium oxide, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of nitride solid body materials include, but are not limited to: TiN, Si3N4、MoN、VN、TaN、Zr3N4、HfN、FeN、NbN、GaN、CrN、AlN、InN、TixNy、SixNy、MoxNy、VxNy、TaxNy、ZrxNy、HfxNy、FexNy、NbxNy、GaxNy、CrxNy、AlxNy、InxNyOr mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not simultaneously the condition 0, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of sulfide solid host materials include, but are not limited to: siySx、AlySx、TiySx、ZrySx、ZnySx、MgySx、SnySx、NbySx、CeySx、BeySx、IrySx、CaySx、ScySx、NiySx、NaySx、BaySx、KySx、PbySx、AgySx、VySx、TeySx、MnySx、BySx、PySx、GeySx、AsySx、FeySx、TaySx、LiySx、SrySx、YySx、HfySx、WySx、MoySx、CrySx、TcySx、ReySx、RuySx、CoySx、OsySx、RhySx、PtySx、PdySx、CuySx、AuySx、CdySx、HgySx、TlySx、GaySx、InySx、BiySx、SbySx、PoySx、SeySx、CsySxA mixed sulfide, or a mixture thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not simultaneously the condition 0, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of halide solid host materials include, but are not limited to: BaF2、LaF3、CeF3、YF3、CaF2、MgF2、PrF3、AgCl、MnCl2、NiCl2、Hg2Cl2、CaCl2、CsPbCl3、AgBr、PbBr3、CsPbBr3、AgI、CuI、PbI、HgI2、BiI3、CH3NH3PbI3、CH3NH3PbCl3、CH3NH3PbBr3、CsPbI3、FAPbBr3(wherein FA is formamidine) or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of chalcogenide solid host materials include, but are not limited to: CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CuO, Cu2O、CuS、Cu2S、CuSe、CuTe、Ag2O、Ag2S、Ag2Se、Ag2Te、Au2S、PdO、PdS、Pd4S、PdSe、PdTe、PtO、PtS、PtS2、PtSe、PtTe、RhO2、Rh2O3、RhS2、Rh2S3、RhSe2、Rh2Se3、RhTe2、IrO2、IrS2、Ir2S3、IrSe2、IrTe2、RuO2、RuS2、OsO、OsS、OsSe、OsTe、MnO、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、ReO2、ReS2、Cr2O3、Cr2S3、MoO2、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WO2、WS2、WSe2、V2O5、V2S3、Nb2O5、NbS2、NbSe2、HfO2、HfS2、TiO2、ZrO2、ZrS2、ZrSe2、ZrTe2、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Y2S3、SiO2、GeO2、GeS、GeS2、GeSe、GeSe2、GeTe、SnO2、SnS、SnS2、SnSe、SnSe2、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MgO、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、CaO、CaS、SrO、Al2O3、Ga2O3、Ga2S3、Ga2Se3、In2O3、In2S3、In2Se3、In2Te3、La2O3、La2S3、CeO2、CeS2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、NdS2、La2O3、Tl2O、Sm2O3、SmS2、Eu2O3、EuS2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、Tb4O7、TbS2、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、ErS2、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、CuInS2、CuInSe2、AgInS2、AgInSe2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeS、FeS2、Co3S4、CoSe、Co3O4、NiO、NiSe2、NiSe、Ni3Se4、Gd2O3、BeO、TeO2、Na2O、BaO、K2O、Ta2O5、Li2O、Tc2O7、As2O3、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6PO or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphide solid host materials include, but are not limited to: InP and Cd3P2、Zn3P2AlP, GaP, TlP or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of metalloid solid host materials include, but are not limited to: si, B, Ge, As, Sb, Te or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of metal alloy solid body materials include, but are not limited to: gold-palladium, gold-silver, gold-copper, platinum-palladium, platinum-nickel, copper-silver, copper-tin, ruthenium-platinum, rhodium-platinum, copper-platinum, nickel-gold, platinum-tin, palladium-vanadium, iridium-platinum, gold-platinum, palladium-silver, copper-zinc, chromium-nickel, iron-cobalt, cobalt-nickel, iron-nickel, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material comprises garnet.
According to one embodiment, examples of garnets include, but are not limited to: y is3Al5O12、Y3Fe2(FeO4)3、Y3Fe5O12、Y4Al2O9、YAlO3、Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、Mg3Al2(SiO4)3、Mn3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3、Ca3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3、Al5Lu3O12GAL, GaYAG or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the ceramic is a crystalline or amorphous ceramic.
According to one embodiment, the ceramic is selected from oxide ceramics and/or non-oxide ceramics, according to one embodiment the ceramic is composed of ceramics, bricks, tiles, cement or glass.
According to one embodiment, the stone is selected from the following materials: agate, sapphire, celeste, amber, amethyst, angel, apatite, aragonite, silver, trefoil, aventurine, chalcocite, berkovite, beryl, silicified wood, bronze, chalcedony, calcite, celestite, wheel, amethyst, vacancy, pinocembrite, emerald, chrysotile, coral, rubberyl, rock crystal, skullcupper, kyanite, cerite, diamond, bronze, dolomite, lineate, emerald, fluorite, leaf, galena, heliolite, heliotrope, garnet, hemite, perillalite, cordierite, jade, jasper, petalite, laponite, celestite, glauconite, lava, lithia, mica, magnetite, malachite, marcasite, meteorite, mordenite, dactylite, kojic, eye iron, Andalusite, tiger's eye stone, agate, black agate, opal, gold, olivine, moonstone, asterite, sunstone, quartz, hematite, opal quartz, rose quartz, rutile, rhodochrosite, roselle, rhyolite, ruby, sapphire, halite, selenite, chlorophyllin, serpentine, bluesilica ore, lygodite, flint, periclase, sodalite, anhydrite, amphibole, schleite, dandontite, topaz, tourmaline watermelon, schorlite, turquoise, ulexite, leymite, granitic granite, phospholite, or tetrahedrite.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material includes, but is not limited to: al (Al)yOx、AgyOx、CuyOx、FeyOx、SiyOx、PbyOx、CayOx、MgyOx、ZnyOx、SnyOx、TiyOx、BeyOxCdS, ZnS, ZnSe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Au, Na, Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Mg, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof; in the case where x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time and x ≠ 0, x and y are decimals from 0 to 10, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material includes, but is not limited to: al (Al)2O3、Ag2O、Cu2O、CuO、Fe3O4、FeO、SiO2、PbO、CaO、MgO、ZnO，SnO2、TiO2BeO, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Au, Na, Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Mg, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the solid body material comprises or is made of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material comprises, but is not limited to: aluminum oxide, silver oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium zinc selenium, cadmium zinc sulfide, gold, sodium, iron, copper, aluminum, silver, magnesium, mixed oxides or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material comprises a small amount of organic molecules in a content of 0 mole%, 1 mole%, 5 mole%, 10 mole%, 15 mole%, 20 mole%, 25 mole%, 30 mole%, 35 mole%, 40 mole%, 45 mole%, 50 mole%, 55 mole%, 60 mole%, 65 mole%, 70 mole%, 75 mole%, 80 mole% relative to the main constituent elements of the solid host material.
According to one embodiment, the solid host material comprises a polymeric host material as described above, an inorganic host material as described above or a mixture thereof.
According to another embodiment, the solid host material is a mixture of at least one inorganic material and at least one polymeric material, each as described above.
According to one embodiment, the medium 71 comprises a polymeric host material as described above, an inorganic solid host material as described above, or a mixture thereof.
In one embodiment, each of said at least two different media (71,72) has a refractive index at 450 nm which differs from the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 comprised in said at least one composite particle 1 or from the refractive index of the composite particle 1 by at least 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07, 0.075, 0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, 0.1, 0.11, 0.115, 0.12, 0.125, 0.13, 0.135, 0.14, 0.145, 0.15, 0.155, 0.16, 0.165, 0.17, 0.18, 0.175, 0.19, 0.195, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.65, 1.5, 1.55, 1.5, 1.75, 1.55, 1.5, 1.75, 1.5, 1.75, 1.95, 1.25, 0.15, 0.175, 0.95, 0.15, 1.95, 1.75, 1.15, 1.95, 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.95, 1.1.1.75, 1.1.
In one embodiment, at least one of the two different media (71,72) has a refractive index at 450 nm that differs from the refractive index of the inorganic material 2 comprised in the at least one composite particle 1 or from the refractive index of the composite particle 1 by at least 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07, 0.075, 0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, 0.1, 0.11, 0.115, 0.12, 0.125, 0.13, 0.135, 0.14, 0.145, 0.15, 0.155, 0.16, 0.165, 0.17, 0.175, 0.18, 0.185, 0.19, 0.195, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.65, 0.165, 0.17, 0.175, 0.65, 1.55, 1.5, 1.65, 1.5, 1.95, 1.5, 1.75, 1.5, 1.95, 1.1.1.5, 1.1, 1.9, 1.95, 1.25, 0.75, 0.5, 0.15, 0.95, 0.15, 0.95, 0.1.1.1.95, 0.1.1.95, 0.1.1.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 of the present invention comprises at least one population of composite particles 1.
In one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 comprises two populations of composite particles 1 emitting light of different colors or wavelengths.
According to one embodiment, two groups of composite particles 1 emitting light of different colors are included in the luminescent material 7, the concentration content of which is determined by the intensity of the secondary light emitted by the two groups when excited by the incident light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises composite particles 1 which are down-converted to emit green and red light under excitation by a blue light source. In the present embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is configured to transmit a predetermined intensity of blue light from the light source and to emit a predetermined intensity of secondary green light and secondary red light, thereby causing it to emit the resulting three-color white light.
According to one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 comprises two groups of composite particles 1, wherein the first group has a luminescence peak wavelength between 500 and 560nm, more preferably between 515 and 545 nm, and the second group has a luminescence peak wavelength between 600 and 2500nm, more preferably between 610 and 650 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 comprises three groups of composite particles 1, wherein the first group of composite particles 1 has a peak wavelength of luminescence between 440 and 499 nm, the second group of composite particles 1 has a peak wavelength of luminescence between 500nm and 560nm, preferably between 515 nm and 545 nm, and the third group of composite particles 1 has a peak wavelength of luminescence between 600 nm and 2500nm, preferably between 610 and 650 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may be divided into several portions, each of them comprising a different group of composite particles 1 emitting a different light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has the shape of a film.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is a thin film.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is processed by extrusion.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is an optical pattern. In this embodiment, the pattern may be formed on the carrier as described herein.
According to one embodiment, the carrier as described herein may be heated or cooled by an external system.
According to one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 is a light collecting pattern. In this embodiment, the pattern may be formed on the carrier.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is a light diffusing pattern. In this embodiment, the pattern may be formed on the carrier as described herein.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is made of a stack of two films, each of them comprising a different group of composite particles 1 emitting a different light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is made up of a stack of multiple films, each of which contains a different group of composite particles 1 emitting a different light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the luminescent material 7 is between 30 nanometers and 10 centimeters, more preferably between 100 nanometers, 1 centimeter, even more preferably between 100 nanometers and 1 centimeter.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the luminescent material 7 is less than 200 μm. This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the light conversion efficiency is greatly improved when the surface roughness value is about 10 nm. For example, in the present embodiment, the light conversion efficiency may be 80% or more.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the luminescent material 7 is in the range of 30 μm to 120 μm. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in improving the light conversion efficiency when the surface roughness Ra value is in the range of 10nm to 300 nm. For example, in the present embodiment, the light conversion efficiency may be 80% or more.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a thickness of at least 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.5 micron, 4 micron, 4.1 micron, 4.2 micron, 4.3 micron, 4.4 micron, 4.5 micron, 4.6 micron, 4.7 micron, 4.8 micron, 4.9 micron, 5 micron, 5.1 micron, 5.2 micron, 5.3 micron, 4.5 micron, 5.5 microns, 5.6 microns, 5.7 microns, 5.8 microns, 5.9 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29.5 microns, 30.5 microns, 30 microns, 31.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 33.5 microns, 33 microns, 32 microns, 34 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 65 microns, 67.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 67, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95.5 microns, 97.5 microns, 99.5 microns, 99 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 99.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 99.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm, 3 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm 3.5 microns, 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 8 mm, 2.8 mm, 2 mm, 5.9 mm, 6 mm, 6.1 mm, 6.2 mm, 6.3 mm, 6.4 mm, 6.5 mm, 6.6 mm, 6.7 mm, 6.8 mm, 6.9 mm, 7 mm, 7.1 mm, 7.2 mm, 7.3 mm, 7.4 mm, 7.5 mm, 7.6 mm, 7.7 mm, 7.8 mm, 7.9 mm, 8 mm, 8.1 mm, 8.2 mm, 8.3 mm, 8.4 mm, 8.5 mm, 8.6 mm, 8.7 mm, 8.8 mm, 8.9 mm, 9 mm, 9.1 mm, 9.2 mm, 9.3 mm, 9.4 mm, 9.5 mm, 9.6 mm, 9.7 mm, 9.8 mm, 9.9 mm, 1 cm, 1.1 cm, 1.2, 1.3 cm, 1.4 cm, 1.2 cm, 1.3 cm, 1.2 cm, 3.2 cm, 2.2 cm, 3.2 cm, 3.3 cm, 2.3 cm, 2.2.2 mm, 3 cm, 3.3 cm, 2.3.3 cm, 2.3 cm, 2.3.3.4 mm, 1.2.2 mm, 2 mm, 2.2.2 mm, 3 cm, 3.3.2.3.3.3 mm, 3.3.3.3.3.3.3 mm, 2 cm, 2, 3.4 cm, 3.5 cm, 3.6 cm, 3.7 cm, 3.8 cm, 3.9 cm, 4 cm, 4.1 cm, 4.2 cm, 4.3 cm, 4.4 cm, 4.5 cm, 4.6 cm, 4.7 cm, 4.8 cm, 4.9 cm, 5 cm, 5.1 cm, 5.2 cm, 5.3 cm, 5.4 cm, 5.5 cm, 5.6 cm, 5.7 cm, 5.8 cm, 5.9 cm, 6 cm, 6.1 cm, 6.2 cm, 6.3 cm, 6.4 cm, 6.5 cm, 6.6 cm, 6.7 cm, 6.8 cm, 6.9 cm, 7 cm, 7.1 cm, 7.2 cm, 7.3 cm, 7.4 cm, 7.5 cm, 7.6 cm, 7.7 cm, 7.8 cm, 7.9 cm, 8.9 cm, 9.9.8 cm, 9.9.1 cm, 8.8 cm, 9.8 cm, 9.8.8 cm, 9.8 cm, 9.9.8 cm, 9.9.9.1 cm, 9.8.8 cm, 9.8 cm, 9.8.8.8 cm, 9.8.8 cm, 9.8 cm, 9.8.9.8.8.9.9.9.9.9.9.1 cm, 9.8.8.8, 9.9 cm or 10 cm.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 absorbs at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the incident light.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may absorb an incident light wavelength of less than 50 microns, 40 microns, 30 microns, 20 microns, 10 microns, 1 micron, 950 nanometers, 900 nanometers, 850 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 750 nanometers, 700 nanometers, 650 nanometers, 600 nanometers, 550 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 450 nanometers, 400 nanometers, 350 nanometers, 300 nanometers, 250 nanometers, or less than 200 nanometers.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 penetrates at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the incident light.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 scatters at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the incident light.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 backscatters at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the incident light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 penetrates a portion of the incident light and emits at least one secondary light. In this embodiment, what is obtained is a combination of the incident light and the secondary light of the remaining transmission of light.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption luminance at 300nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 455 nm, 460 nm, 470 nm, 480 nm, 490nm, 500nm, 510 nm, 520 nm, 530 nm, 540 nm, 550 nm, 560nm, 570 nm, 580 nm, 590 nm or 600 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 300nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 350 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 400 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption intensity at 450 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption intensity at 460 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the absorption intensity of the luminescent material 7 at 470 nm is at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 480 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to one embodiment, the absorbance of the luminescent material 7 at 490nm is at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 500nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 510 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 520 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 530 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption intensity at 540 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption intensity at 550 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 560nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 570 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption intensity at 580 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to one embodiment, the absorbance of the luminescent material 7 at 590 nm is at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has an absorption at 600 nm of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0.
According to an embodiment, the absorption efficiency of incident light by the luminescent material 7 is increased by at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% over the bare nanoparticle 3.
Bare nanoparticles 3 here refer to nanoparticles 3 which are not coated with inorganic material 2.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 increases the emission efficiency of the secondary light by less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% compared to the bare nanoparticle 3.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of photoluminescence of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after at least 1,5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 9, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of photoluminescence of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature below 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of its photoluminescence of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a photoluminescence degradation of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2.5%, 3%, 30%, 10%, 5%, 4.5%, 5.5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 18%, 2%, 2.5%, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5%, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 20%, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 4%, 3%, 2 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 30%, 80 ℃, 10%, 5%, 3%, 2 ℃,5 ℃, or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5, 3, 5, 200 ℃, 225 ℃,5 ℃, 25 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 10 years later at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10%, 20%, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10%, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of photoluminescence of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 10% 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is photo-luminescent and degrades less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7.5 years, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 95 years later, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is present in an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 6 months, 9 months, 10 months, a, The degradation of photoluminescence after 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of photoluminescence after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 2, 1% or 0% of the time under illumination.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the presence of light and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 80%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% degradation of photoluminescence under light at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is at the luminous flux orThe average peak pulse power is at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0% after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of humidity.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, at a photoluminescence degradation of less than 95 ℃. (95 ℃.), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is in the light fluxThe magnitude or average peak pulse power is at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, at oxygen concentrations of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, and light-induced degradation at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 250%, 95%, or 95 ℃. (ii), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodimentThe luminous material 7 has a luminous flux or mean peak pulse power of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination with light, and a photoluminescence degradation of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, of less than 95% of the luminescence degradation of which is caused by light 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5, 6 months, 6, 5, 8 months, 9.5 years, 7.5 years, 8, 8.5 years, 9, 9.5 or 10% under illumination, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70℃,The degradation of photoluminescence at 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, the luminous intensity of the light-emitting diode has a deterioration of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under illumination and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of the luminous intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, the luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, has a deterioration of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at humidity, and a deterioration of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 275%, or 300 ℃ at 95 ℃ 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0% after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of humidity.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, at oxygen concentrations of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under light irradiation, the intensity of luminescence is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 95% at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, and the intensity of luminescence is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 250%, 95%, or 95 ℃. (95 ℃), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the presence of light, a luminous intensity of less than 95%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 months, 6 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years of humidity, and a luminous intensity of less than 95%, or less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and a luminous intensity of less than 95%, or less than 95%, respectively, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5, 6 months, 6, 5, 8 months, 9.5 years, 7.5 years, 8, 8.5 years, 9, 9.5 or 10% under illumination, The deterioration of the luminescence intensity at 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 10, 9, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature below 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 70 ℃, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 80%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 10 ℃, 5%, 4 ℃, 5%, 10%, 4%, or 300 ℃..5 ℃ 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3% after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 5 months, 7 months, 8, 8.5 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 10 years later at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10%, 20%, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10%, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 60%, 50%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 10%, 2%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 10%, or 10% after at least 1 day, 5, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 2, 3, 4 months, 11 months, 12 months, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a luminescence yield (qqy) of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ and at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years after a light emission yield of less than 95% > (qy) of less than 95 years, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is present in an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 6 months, 9 months, 10 months, a, After 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thereof deteriorates by less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degrades by less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 11, 12, 2, 1 or 0% under illumination.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under light and at a temperature of less than 0 deg.C, 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C,A photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) that degrades by less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, the degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination with light, and the degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20%, 15%, 10%, 3%, 250%, or 300 ℃ 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, under humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and under temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, light-induced quantum degradation yield (PLQY) of less than 95 ℃. (light-induced degradation of the light emission) is obtained, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 18%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20%, 25%, 15%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% of its quantum degradation of photoluminescence yield (PLQY) under illumination of light of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% of its oxygen concentration, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under light irradiation, at least after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the yield of light-induced degradation (light-induced degradation) is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at an oxygen concentration, and less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 250%, 300%, or 95% at a temperature, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light is emittedThe material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nW-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination with light, and with an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and with a light-induced luminescence yield (PLQY) of less than 95% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and with a light-induced luminescence yield of less than 95% 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5, 6 months, 6, 5, 8 months, 9.5 years, 7.5 years, 8, 8.5 years, 9, 9.5 or 10% under illumination, 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 60 deg.CA photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) that degrades by less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of FCE of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the FCE of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at a temperature below 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60%, 50%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 has a degradation of the FCE of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of FCE after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years is less than 95, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 10 years later at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10%, 20%, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10%, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 degrades less than 95% after an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9.5 years or 10 years FCE, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 is present in an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 6 months, 9 months, 10 months, a, After 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of FCE degradation under illumination of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 5, 3, 2, 1 or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under illumination and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under the illumination, the humidity is less than 90 percent80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% with a degradation of FCE of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years later under illumination, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 15 days, 25 days, 10 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 6.5 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years laterFCE degradation at 0 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90% FCE degradation at less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 5 years, 6 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under light of humidity80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃,FCE degradation at 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of FCE degradation at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, month, 2, 3, 4, 3.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years under illumination,80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃,A FCE degradation of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80% after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 5, 3, 2, 1 or 0% under illuminationLess than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% degradation of FCE, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment the luminescent material 7 has a luminous flux or average peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of FCE is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to another embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprising at least one group of composite particles 1 may further comprise at least one group of light converters having phosphor properties. Examples of light converters with phosphor properties include, but are not limited to: garnet (LuAG, GAL, YAG, GaYAG), silicate, oxynitrides/oxycarbonitrides, nitrides/carbopyrites, Mn4+Red phosphor (PFS/KFS), quantum dots.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 of the present invention are incorporated into the solid host material at a weight content of 100ppm to 500000 ppm.
According to one embodiment, the composite particles 1 of the invention are present in an amount of at least 100PPM, 200PPM, 300PPM, 400PPM, 500PPM, 600PPM, 700PPM, 800PPM, 900PPM, 1000PPM, 1100PPM, 1200PPM, 1300PPM, 1400PPM, 1500PPM, 1600PPM, 1700PPM, 1800PPM, 1900PPM, 2000PPM, 2100PPM, 2200PPM, 2300PPM, 2400PPM, 2500PPM, 2600PPM, 2700PPM, 2800PPM, 2900PPM, 3000PPM, 3100PPM, 3200PPM, 3300PPM, 3400PPM, 3500PPM, 3600PPM, 3700PPM, 3800PPM, 3900PPM, 4000PPM, 4200PPM, 4300PPM, 4400PPM, 4500PPM, 4600PPM, 4700PPM, 4800PPM, 4900PPM, 5000PPM, 5100PPM, 5200PPM, 5300PPM, 5400PPM, 5500PPM, 5600PPM, 5800PPM, 45000 PPM, 6000PPM, 7900PPM, 6700PPM, 7900PPM, 6700PPM, 7900PPM, 6700PPM, 7900PPM, 7100PPM, 7900PPM, 6700PPM, 7900PPM, 6600PPM, 3800PPM, 4700PPM, 8000ppm, 8100ppm, 8200ppm, 8300ppm, 8400ppm, 8500ppm, 8600ppm, 8700ppm, 8800ppm, 8900ppm, 9000ppm, 9100ppm, 9200ppm, 9300ppm, 9400ppm, 9500ppm, 9600ppm, 9700ppm, 9800ppm, 9900ppm, 10000ppm, 10500ppm, 11000ppm, 11500ppm, 12000ppm, 12500ppm, 13000ppm, 13500ppm, 14000ppm, 14500ppm, 15000ppm, 15500ppm, 16000ppm, 16500ppm, 17000ppm, 17500ppm, 18000ppm, 18500ppm, 19000ppm, 19500ppm, 20000ppm, 30000ppm, 40000ppm, 50000ppm, 60000ppm, 70000ppm, 80000ppm, 90000ppm, 100000ppm, 120000ppm, 130000ppm, 140000ppm, 150000ppm, 370000ppm, 190000ppm, 250000ppm, 36000 ppm, 250000ppm, 36000 ppm, 250000ppm, 36000 ppm, 250000ppm, 3600ppm, 250000ppm, 480000ppm, 490000ppm or 500000ppm by weight are incorporated in the solid host material.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or preferably less than 10% by weight of the composite particles 1 of the present invention.
According to one embodiment, the loading rate of the composite particles 1 in the luminescent material 7 is at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 47%, 51%, 52%, 50%, and 5%, 0.5%, 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the loading rate of the composite particles 1 in the luminescent material 7 is less than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 47%, 51%, 52%, 50%, and 5%, 0.5%, 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the filling ratio of the composite particles 1 in the luminescent material 7 is at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 5%, 8%, 9%, 11%, 12%, 13, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90% or 95%.
According to one embodiment, the filling ratio of the composite particles 1 in the luminescent material 7 is less than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 55%, 5%, 8%, 9%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90% or 95%.
According to an embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least 0.01 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.03 wt%, 0.04 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.06 wt%, 0.07 wt%, 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, 80 wt%, 85 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt% or 99 wt% of the composite particle 1.
According to an embodiment, the weight ratio between the medium 71 and the composite particle 1 of the invention in the luminescent material 7 is at least 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50%.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 complies with the RoHS specification.
According to one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 comprises less than 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm, 300ppm, 350ppm, 400ppm, 450ppm, 500ppm, 550ppm, 600ppm, 650ppm, 700ppm, 750ppm, 800ppm, 850ppm, 900ppm, 950ppm, 1000ppm by weight of cadmium.
According to one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 comprises less than 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm, 300ppm, 350ppm, 400ppm, 450ppm, 500ppm, 550ppm, 600ppm, 650ppm, 700ppm, 750ppm, 800ppm, 850ppm, 900ppm, 950ppm, 1000ppm, 2000ppm, 3000ppm, 4000ppm, 5000ppm, 6000ppm, 7000ppm, 8000ppm, 9000ppm, 10000ppm by weight of lead.
According to one embodiment, the light of the luminescent material 7 comprises less than 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm, 300ppm, 350ppm, 400ppm, 450ppm, 500ppm, 550ppm, 600ppm, 650ppm, 700ppm, 750ppm, 800ppm, 850ppm, 900ppm, 950ppm, 1000ppm, 2000ppm, 3000ppm, 4000ppm, 5000ppm, 6000ppm, 7000ppm, 8000ppm, 9000ppm, 10000ppm by weight of mercury.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a chemical element or a material based on a heavier chemical element than the main chemical element present in the medium 71 and/or the inorganic material 2. In this embodiment, said heavy chemical elements in the luminescent material 7 will reduce the mass concentration of chemical elements subjected to the ROHS specification, such that said luminescent material 7 is in compliance with the ROHS specification.
According to one embodiment, examples of heavy elements include, but are not limited to, B, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the light emitting material 7 includes at least one or more materials used to form a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a light emitting layer in one emission device.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a material that can be cured or otherwise processed, while a film or layer can be formed on the carrier.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises a binder, which is an organic material as described herein, an inorganic material as described herein or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of adhesives include, but are not limited to: the cross-linked body of an inorganic material as described herein, for example, a silicic acid such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate or sodium silicate.
According to one embodiment, the binder is formed from SiO2(Anhydrous silicate) and Na2O (soda oxide) or K2O (potassium oxide) is mixed in a predetermined ratio. In this embodiment, the formula is represented as Na2O.nSiO2。
According to one embodiment, the binder comprised in the luminescent material 7 and the carrier on which said luminescent material 7 is deposited have a difference in linear expansion coefficient. In this embodiment, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the binder and the carrier is less than 8 ppm/K. This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it prevents peeling between the carrier and the luminescent material 7. This is because, even if the light-emitting material 7 generates heat by irradiation with excitation light, the stress generated in the light-emitting material 7 by heat can be sufficiently relaxed.
According to a preferred embodiment, examples of luminescent material 7 include, but are not limited to, composite particles 1 dispersed in: sol-gel materials, silicones, polymers, such as PMMA, PS or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the at least one composite particle 1 in the at least one medium 71 is configured to function as a waveguide. In this embodiment, a portion of the output light from the light source stays in the composite particle 1 until it encounters the nanoparticle 3, and the nanoparticle 3 is excited to emit light.
According to one embodiment, when the wavelength of the incident light is in the range of 370nm to 470nm, the photochromic conversion layer 4 absorbs at least 70% of the incident light with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 μm.
According to one embodiment, when the wavelength of the incident light is in the range of 370nm to 470nm, the photochromic conversion layer 4 scatters at least 70% of the incident light with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 μm.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the photochromic conversion layer 4 is at least 0nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750nm, 800 nm, 850nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.5 micron, 4 micron, 4.1 micron, 4.2 micron, 4.3 micron, 4.4 micron, 4.5 micron, 4.6 micron, 4.7 microns, 4.8 microns, 4.9 microns, 5 microns, 5.1 microns, 5.2 microns, 5.3 microns, 5.4 microns, 5.5 microns, 5.6 microns, 5.7 microns, 5.8 microns, 5.9 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 27.5 microns, 29.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 29 microns, 27.5 microns, 27 microns, 29.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 29 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 27 microns, 29 microns, 30 microns, 27 microns, 31.5 microns, 32 microns, 32.5 microns, 33 microns, 33.5 microns, 34 microns, 34.5 microns, 35 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58.5 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62 microns, 63 microns, 62.5 microns, 62 microns, 63 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 61 microns, 62 microns, 61 microns, 62.5 microns, 40.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 64 microns, 64.5 microns, 65 microns, 65.5 microns, 66 microns, 66.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91.91 microns, 92.5 microns, 94 microns, 93.5 microns, 93 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74.5 microns, 96.5 microns, 97 microns, 97.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 99.5 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, 1 mm, 5 mm, 1 cm, 1.1 cm, 1.2 cm, 1.3 cm, 1.4 cm, 1.5 cm, 1.6 cm, 1.7 cm, 1.8 cm, 1.9 cm, 2 cm, 2.1 cm, 2.2 cm, 2.3 cm, 2.4 cm, 2.5 cm, 2.6 cm, 2.7 cm, 2.8 cm, 2.9 cm, 3 cm, 3.1 cm, 3.2 cm, 3.3 cm, 3.4 cm, 3.5 cm, 3.6 cm, 3.7 cm, 3.8 cm, 4.4 cm, 4 cm, 4.6 cm, 3.4 cm, 4 cm, 4.4 cm, 3.6 cm, 3.7 cm, 3.8 cm, 4 cm, 4.4 cm, 4, 4.6 cm, 4, 3.6, 4.9, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.9, 9, 9.5, 9.9, 9.10, 9.6, 9.8, 9, 9.8, 9.3, 9, 9.8, or 10 cm.
According to one embodiment, the primary light may emit secondary light when it illuminates the color conversion layer 4 from a light source.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 is operative to emit at least one secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the light color conversion layer 4 is a combination of blue, green and red light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the light color conversion layer 4 is a combination of green and red light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the light color conversion layer 4 is blue light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the photochromic conversion layer 4 is green light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the light color conversion layer 4 is red light.
According to one embodiment, the wavelength range of the at least one secondary light emitted by the photochromic conversion layer 4 is from 200 nanometers to 2500 nanometers.
According to an embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the photochromic conversion layer 4 has a wavelength ranging from 200nm to 800 nm, from 400nm to 800 nm, from 800 nm to 1200 nm, from 1200 nm to 1500 nm, from 1500 nm to 1800 nm, from 1800 nm to 2200 nm, from 2200 nm to 2500 nm, from 400nm to 470nm, from 400nm to 500nm, from 400nm to 600 nm or from 400nm to 700 nm.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the photochromic conversion layer 4 is green light having a maximum emission wavelength between 500 nanometers and 560 nanometers, and more preferably between 515 nanometers and 545 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the light color conversion layer 4 is a red light having a maximum emission wavelength between 600 nanometers and 2500 nanometers, more preferably between 610 and 650 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the at least one secondary light emitted by the photochromic conversion layer 4 is blue light, the maximum emission wavelength of which is between 400 nanometers and 470 nanometers.
In one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 contains only one luminescent material 7.
In one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, or 1000 light emitting materials 7. In this embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may form an array of luminescent materials 7. In this embodiment, the luminescent materials 7 are spaced apart from each other, i.e.: they do not touch.
According to one embodiment, photochromic conversion layer 4 includes an adhesive as described herein.
According to one embodiment, the binder included in the photochromic conversion layer 4 and the support on which the photochromic conversion layer 4 is deposited have a difference in linear expansion coefficient. In this embodiment, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the binder and the carrier is less than 8 ppm/K. This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it prevents delamination between the support and the photochromic conversion layer 4. This is because even if the photochromic conversion layer 4 generates heat by irradiation of the excitation light, the stress generated in the interior of the photochromic conversion layer 4 by the heat can be sufficiently relaxed.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one region free of luminescent material 7 and/or at least one empty region and/or at least one optically transparent region.
According to an embodiment, the at least one region 7 without luminescent material may comprise scattering particles.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7 emitting red secondary light and at least one luminescent material 7 emitting secondary green light. In this embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 is equivalent to a conversion layer containing a yellow phosphor.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7, wherein said luminescent material 7 comprises scattering particles and does not comprise composite particles 1; and/or at least one region comprises at least one luminescent material 7, wherein the luminescent material 7 comprises scattering particles and composite particles 1.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7, and the emission peak of the luminescent material 7 is in the range of 400nm to 470nm, preferably at about 450 nm. In addition, at least one region comprises at least one luminescent material 7, the luminescent material 7 having an emission peak in the range of 500nm to 560nm, preferably at about 540 nm; and at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7 having an emission peak between 750 and 850nm, preferably about 750 nm. In this embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may be excited with primary light centered at 390 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7, and the emission peak of the luminescent material 7 is in the range of 400nm to 470nm, preferably at about 450 nm. In addition, at least one region comprises at least one luminescent material 7, the luminescent material 7 having an emission peak in the range of 500nm to 560nm, preferably at about 540 nm; and at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7 having an emission peak between 750 and 850nm, preferably about 750 nm. In this embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may be excited with primary light centered at 390nm and/or 450 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7 emitting green secondary light, at least one region comprising at least one luminescent material 7 emitting red secondary light, and at least one region without luminescent material 7 or inorganic phosphor.
According to one embodiment, there may be discontinuous or irregular regions throughout the light color conversion layer 4.
In an embodiment, the luminescent materials 7 may be separated by at least one medium 72.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises two luminescent materials 7, the first luminescent material 7 having a peak wavelength of luminescence between 500nm and 560nm, preferably between 515 nm and 545 nm, and the second luminescent material 7 having a peak wavelength of luminescence between 600 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 610 and 650 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises three luminescent materials 7 emitting different light colors or wavelengths.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises three light emitting materials 7, the first light emitting material 7 having a peak wavelength of light emission between 440 nm and 499 nm, preferably between 450nm and 495 nm; the second luminescent material 7 has a luminescence peak wavelength between 500nm and 560nm, more preferably between 515 nm and 545 nm; and the third luminescent material 7 has a luminescence peak wavelength between 600 nm and 2500 nm, more preferably between 610 and 650 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises a plurality of luminescent materials 7. In this embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit secondary light of the same light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises a plurality of luminescent materials 7. In this embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit secondary light of a different light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7, which comprises only one group of luminescent particles 1.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7, wherein each luminescent material 7 comprises a group of luminescent particles 1. Wherein each group of luminescent particles 1 emits a different light color or wavelength, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7 comprising two groups of luminescent particles 1, and each group of luminescent particles 1 emits a different light color or wavelength, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7 comprising a group of three luminescent particles 1, each emitting a different light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises a plurality of luminescent materials 7, each comprising a group of luminescent particles 1, and the groups of luminescent particles 1 in each luminescent material 7 each emit a different light color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the concentration of the plurality of luminescent materials 7 emitting different light colors or wavelengths in the light-color conversion layer 4 is predetermined such that the luminescent materials 7 emitting different light colors emit predetermined secondary light intensities after the luminescent particle 1 is excited by the primary light.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7 comprising luminescent particles 1 that can down-convert to green and red light under blue light sources. In the present embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 functions to transmit primary blue light of a predetermined intensity and emit secondary green and red light of a predetermined intensity, thereby emitting three-color white light generated.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7 comprising at least one luminescent particle 1 emitting green light and at least one luminescent material 7 comprising at least one luminescent particle 1 emitting red light which is down-converted under a blue light source. In this embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 functions to transmit primary blue light of a predetermined intensity and emit secondary green and red light of a predetermined intensity, thereby causing it to emit white light of the three colors generated.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises at least one luminescent material 7 comprising at least one luminescent particle 1 emitting green light, at least one luminescent material 7 comprising at least one luminescent particle 1 emitting red light, and at least one luminescent material 7 comprising at least one luminescent particle 1 therein, which down-converts to emit blue light in a UV light source. In the present embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 functions to transmit primary UV light of a predetermined intensity and emit secondary green, red and blue light of a predetermined intensity, thereby causing it to emit white light of three colors generated.
According to an embodiment, the extent to which the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of the light-color conversion layer 4 decreases after being irradiated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 33000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours is less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the light conversion layer 4 has a decrease in luminescence intensity of less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% after being irradiated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 33000, 32000, 34000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours.
According to one embodiment, the light illumination is provided by a blue, green, red or ultraviolet light source, such as a laser, diode, fluorescent lamp or xenon arc lamp. According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or the average peak pulse power of the illumination is comprised between 1nW.cm-2And 100kW.cm-2More preferably 10mW.cm-2And 100W.cm-2And even more preferably 10mw.cm-2And 30W.cm-2In the meantime.
According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or average peak luminous flux power of the light illumination is at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2。
According to one embodiment, the light conversion layer 4 is illuminated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 33000, 32000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours, and the luminous flux of the illuminated light or the illuminated light has a mean peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) is reduced by less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light conversion layer 4 is illuminated with light of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 19000, 20000, 21000, 22000, 23000, 24000, 25000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 29000, 30000, 31000, 33000, 32000, 34000, 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000, 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 or 50000 hours, and the luminous flux of the illuminated light or the illuminated light has a mean peak pulse power of at least 1nw-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2When the degree of decrease in the light emission intensity is less than 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a photoluminescence degradation of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 months, 3 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years.
According to one embodiment, the photo-chromic layer 4 has a degradation of photoluminescence of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 has a photoluminescence degradation of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a photoluminescence degradation of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, or 300%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 10 years later at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10%, 20%, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 days, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years later, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 has a degradation of photoluminescence of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, or 10% of the oxygen concentration, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 ℃ or 0 ℃, The degradation of photoluminescence after 9.5 or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 6 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, three months, four, the degradation of photoluminescence after 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of photoluminescence after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 2, 1% or 0% of the time under illumination.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the presence of light and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 80%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% degradation of photoluminescence under light at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years later in the light of (B), and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 monthsThe degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at 20%, 30%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%,A degradation in photoluminescence of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, under lightThe degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ at 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% degradation of photoluminescence at 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%Or 0% and a photoluminescence degradation at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the presence of light, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 9%, 10 years, 2%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10 years, after at least 1 day, 5%, 10 days, 15 months, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years,70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and having a photoluminescence degradation of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 yearsAfter 5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of photoluminescence is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degradation of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5 months, 4 months, 5 years, 6 years, 4 months, 5 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, or 10 years.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 has a degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃ at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 has a degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9.5 or 10 years at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 20%, 15%, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 25%, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 25%, 15%, 10 ℃, 60 ℃, 5 ℃, 200 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ after at least 1 day, 5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, or 10 years 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the photoluminescence layer 4 has a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degradation of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 10, 15, 20%, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, or 10 years of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3.5%, or 10% 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 10 years later at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10%, 20%, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 days, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years later, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light conversion layer 4 has a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degradation of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 60%, 50%, 80%, 70%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 1%, or 0%, and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4, 4.5 years, 5 years, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 ℃ or 0 ℃, The degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) after 9.5 or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 6 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, three months, four, after 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thereof deteriorates by less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) degrades by less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 25%, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 11, 12, 2, 1 or 0% under illumination.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the presence of light and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, the degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination with light, and the degradation of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20%, 15%, 10%, 3%, 250%, or 300 ℃ 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, the degradation of its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, under humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and under temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃, light-induced quantum degradation yield (PLQY) of less than 95 ℃. (light-induced degradation of the light emission) is obtained, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 18%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10 years after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20%, 25%, 15%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% of its quantum degradation of photoluminescence yield (PLQY) under illumination of light of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% of its oxygen concentration, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under light irradiation, at least after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the yield of light-induced degradation (light-induced degradation) is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at an oxygen concentration, and less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 250%, 300%, or 95% at a temperature, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination with light, and with an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and with a light-induced luminescence yield (PLQY) of less than 95% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and with a light-induced luminescence yield of less than 95% 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5, 6 months, 6, 5, 8 months, 9.5 years, 7.5 years, 8, 8.5 years, 9, 9.5 or 10% under illumination, A photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) that is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃ degradation at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to an embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a luminous intensity that degrades by less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 3 months, 5 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 5 years, 6 years, 6.5.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a light emission intensity that is less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300 ℃ less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% of the degradation.
According to an embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a degradation of the light emission intensity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a deterioration of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, or 300% of its luminous intensity after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, or 300%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4, at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, or 10 years later at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275% and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10%, 20%, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 days, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years later, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 has a degradation in luminous intensity of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, and after at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, of less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, or 10% of the light-color conversion layer, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 ℃ or 0 ℃, The degradation in luminescence intensity after 9.5 or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years or 10 years, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 is formed at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 275 ℃, or 300 ℃ for at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 6 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, three months, four, the degradation in luminescence intensity after 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the light of at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month,The degradation of luminescence intensity after 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under illumination, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the deterioration of the luminous intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%,5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, the luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, and at a temperature of less than 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years under illumination, has a deterioration of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at humidity, and a deterioration of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 275%, or 300 ℃ at 95 ℃ 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0% after at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years of humidity.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years, at oxygen concentrations of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, the degradation in luminescence intensity is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2Under light irradiation, the intensity of luminescence is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 95% at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, and the intensity of luminescence is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0% at a temperature of less than 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 275%, 250%, 95%, or 95 ℃. (95 ℃), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2In the presence of light, a luminous intensity of less than 95%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years, 3.5 years, 4 years, 4.5 years, 5 years, 5.5 years, 6 years, 6.5 years, 7 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years after at least 1 day, 5 months, 6 years, 7.5 years, 8 years, 8.5 years, 9.5 years, or 10 years of humidity, and a luminous intensity of less than 95%, or less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%, and a luminous intensity of less than 95%, or less than 95%, respectively, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 has a pulse power at a luminous flux or average peak of at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2At a humidity of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11, 12, 18, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 years, at an oxygen concentration of less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%, and at a temperature of less than 0%, at least 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5, 6 months, 6, 5, 8 months, 9.5 years, 7.5 years, 8, 8.5 years, 9, 9.5 or 10% under illumination, The deterioration of the luminescence intensity at 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃, 225 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃ or 300 ℃ is less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0%.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 contains the composite particles 1 in a weight concentration of 100ppm to 500000 ppm.
According to one embodiment, the light conversion layer 4 comprises composite particles 1 in a concentration of at least 100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm, 400ppm, 500ppm, 600ppm, 700ppm, 800ppm, 900ppm, 1000ppm, 1100ppm, 1200ppm, 1300ppm, 1400ppm, 1500ppm, 1600ppm, 1700ppm, 1800ppm, 1900ppm, 2000ppm, 2100ppm, 2200ppm, 2300ppm, 2400ppm, 2500ppm, 2600ppm, 2700ppm, 2800ppm, 2900ppm, 3000ppm, 3100ppm, 3200ppm, 3300ppm, 3400ppm, 3500ppm, 3600ppm, 3700ppm, 3800ppm, 3900ppm, 4000ppm, 4100ppm, 4200ppm, 4300ppm, 4400ppm, 4500ppm, 4600ppm, 4700ppm, 4800ppm, 4900ppm, 5000ppm, 5100ppm, 5200ppm, 5400ppm, 5600ppm, 56000 ppm, 55000 ppm, 6700ppm, 200ppm, 6600ppm, 6700ppm, 7100ppm, 6600ppm, 6700ppm, 6600ppm, 200ppm, 7400ppm, 7500ppm, 7600ppm, 7700ppm, 7800ppm, 7900ppm, 8000ppm, 8100ppm, 8200ppm, 8300ppm, 8400ppm, 8500ppm, 8600ppm, 8700ppm, 8800ppm, 8900ppm, 9000ppm, 9100ppm, 9200ppm, 9300ppm, 9400ppm, 9500ppm, 9600ppm, 9700ppm, 9800ppm, 9900ppm, 10000ppm, 10500ppm, 11000ppm, 11500ppm, 12500ppm, 13000ppm, 13500ppm, 14000ppm, 14500ppm, 15000ppm, 15500ppm, 16000ppm, 16500ppm, 17000ppm, 17500ppm, 18000ppm, 18500ppm, 19000ppm, 19500ppm, 20000ppm, 30000ppm, 40000ppm, 50000ppm, 60000ppm, 70000ppm, 80000ppm, 100000ppm, 90000ppm, 370000ppm, 120000ppm, 250000ppm, 420000ppm, 430000ppm, 440000ppm, 450000ppm, 460000ppm, 470000ppm, 480000ppm, 490000ppm or 500000 ppm.
According to an embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 comprises less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or preferably less than 10% by weight of the composite particles 1.
According to an embodiment, the loading rate of the composite particles 1 in the light color conversion layer 4 is at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 47%, 48%, 50%, and, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
According to an embodiment, the loading rate of the composite particles 1 in the light color conversion layer 4 is less than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 47%, 48%, 50%, and, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
According to one embodiment, the filling ratio of the composite particles 1 in the light color conversion layer 4 is at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 50%, 0.5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90% or 95%.
According to one embodiment, the filling ratio of the composite particles 1 in the light color conversion layer 4 is less than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 46%, 50%, 0.5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90% or 95%.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 may comprise at least one region without any emissive luminescent material 7, such that primary light may pass through the color conversion layer 4 from this region without emitting any secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one region without luminescent material 7 has a cross-sectional area of 50nm2、100nm2、150nm2、200nm2、250nm2、300nm2、350nm2、400nm2、450nm2、500nm2、550nm2、600nm2、650nm2、700nm2、750nm2、800nm2、850nm2、900nm2、950nm2、1μm2、50μm2、100μm2、150μm2、200μm2、250μm2、300μm2、350μm2、400μm2、450μm2、500μm2、550μm2、600μm2、650μm2、700μm2、750μm2、800μm2、850μm2、900μm2、950μm2、1cm2、1.5cm2、2cm2、2.5cm2、3cm2、3.5cm2、4cm2、4.5cm2、5cm2、5.5cm2、6cm2、6.5cm2、7cm2、7.5cm2、8cm2、8.5cm2、9cm2、9.5cm2Or 10cm2。
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises a plurality of light emitting materials 7. In this embodiment, the secondary light emitted from the photochromic conversion layer 4 can be polychromatic light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 of one layer may be deposited on the luminescent material 7 of another layer, wherein the wavelength of the secondary light emitted by the luminescent material 7 of the lower layer is smaller than the wavelength of the secondary light emitted by the luminescent material 7 of the upper layer.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 of one layer may be deposited on the luminescent material 7 of another layer, wherein the wavelength of the secondary light emitted by the luminescent material 7 of the lower layer is larger than the wavelength of the secondary light emitted by the luminescent material 7 of the upper layer.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 comprises a plurality of stacked layers of light emitting materials 7. In the present embodiment, each layer of luminescent material 7 may emit secondary light having the same wavelength or a different wavelength. According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is divided into several regions, each region containing a different luminescent material 7 and emitting light of a different color or wavelength.
In one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has the shape of a film.
In one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 has the shape of a tube.
In one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is a thin film.
In one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 is a tube.
In one embodiment, photochromic conversion layer 4 is processed by extrusion.
In one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 is an optical pattern. In this embodiment, the pattern may be formed on the carrier as described herein.
According to one embodiment, the light from the light color conversion layer 4 is a light collection pattern. In this embodiment, the pattern may be formed on the carrier.
According to one embodiment, light color conversion layer 4 is a light diffusing pattern. In this embodiment, the pattern may be formed on the carrier as described herein.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 is made of a stack of two films, each of them containing a different group of composite particles 1 emitting a different photochromic or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 is made of a laminate of a plurality of films, each of which contains a different group of composite particles 1 emitting a different light color or wavelength.
In one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises an array of luminescent materials 7. In this embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit secondary light of the same color or wavelength.
In one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 comprises an array of luminescent materials 7. In this embodiment, the luminescent material 7 may emit different colors of wavelength or secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 can be used as a color filter.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 can be used in a color filter.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 can be used in addition to the color filter.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 may be used with a color filter.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 is a color filter.
According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer 4 may be covered by a color filter. In this embodiment, covering the light color conversion layer 4 with a color filter can block any primary light that is not converted by the light color conversion layer 4 to emit light with a desired wavelength or color.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particles 1 comply with the 2002/95/EC directive, RoHS, regarding the restriction of the use of certain harmful substances in electrical and electronic devices.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particles 1 do not comprise polybrominated biphenyls in an amount of more than 1000ppm by weight, do not comprise polybrominated diphenyl ethers in an amount of more than 1000ppm by weight, do not comprise hexavalent chromium in an amount of more than 1000ppm by weight, do not comprise mercury in an amount of more than 1000ppm by weight, do not comprise lead in an amount of more than 1000ppm by weight, and do not comprise cadmium in an amount of more than 100ppm by weight.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particle 1 comprise less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm by weight of cadmium.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particle 1 comprise less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000ppm by weight of lead.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particles 1 comprise less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000ppm of mercury by weight.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particle 1 comprise hexavalent chromium in an amount of less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000ppm by weight.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particle 1 comprise polybrominated biphenyls in an amount of less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000ppm by weight.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4, the luminescent material 7 and/or the composite particles 1 comprise polybrominated diphenyl ethers in an amount of less than 10ppm, less than 20ppm, less than 30ppm, less than 40ppm, less than 50ppm, less than 100ppm, less than 150ppm, less than 200ppm, less than 250ppm, less than 300ppm, less than 350ppm, less than 400ppm, less than 450ppm, less than 500ppm, less than 550ppm, less than 600ppm, less than 650ppm, less than 700ppm, less than 750ppm, less than 800ppm, less than 850ppm, less than 900ppm, less than 950ppm, less than 1000ppm, less than 2000ppm, less than 3000ppm, less than 4000ppm, less than 5000ppm, less than 6000ppm, less than 7000ppm, less than 8000ppm, less than 9000ppm, less than 10000ppm by weight.
According to one embodiment, the light-color conversion layer 4 and/or the luminescent material 7 comprise a chemical element that is heavier than the main chemical element of the at least one medium 71 and/or the inorganic material 2. In the present embodiment, the relatively heavy chemical elements contained in the photochromic conversion layer 4 and/or the luminescent material 7 can reduce the mass concentration of the chemical elements limited by the ROHS standard, so that the photochromic conversion layer 4 and/or the luminescent material 7 can meet the ROHS specification.
According to one embodiment, examples of said heavy chemical elements include, but are not limited to, the following chemical elements: B. c, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 includes at least one or more materials selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a light emitting layer for forming an emissive device.
According to one embodiment, the light of the photochromic conversion layer 4 comprises a material that is cured or otherwise processed to form a layer on the support.
According to a preferred embodiment, examples of the photochromic conversion layer 4 include, but are not limited to: the composite particles 1 are dispersed in a sol-gel material, silicone, a polymer such as, for example, PMMA, PS or mixtures thereof.
If light is to be scattered, there must be a difference in refractive index between the at least one composite particle 1 and the at least one medium 71 or between the inorganic material 2 and the at least one medium 71. The difference in refractive index, as described above, must be at least 0.02 at 450 nm. When the difference in refractive index is less than 0.02, the difference in refractive index is too small to scatter the primary light or the secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the light scattering caused by the at least one composite particle 1 and the at least one medium 71 may comprise mie scattering and/or rayleigh scattering, as is known from the person skilled in the art, and depends on the composite particle 1 used.
According to one embodiment, the degree of Mie scattering and/or Rayleigh scattering of light caused by the at least one composite particle 1 in the at least one medium 71 can be adjusted.
According to one embodiment, the mie scattering can be controlled by adjusting the density, size and shape of the composite particles 1.
According to one embodiment, rayleigh scattering can be used to obtain different degrees of light scattering at different wavelengths, in particular to increase the scattering of primary light relative to secondary light.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one mie composite particle 1, i.e. at least one composite particle 1 surrounded by said at least one medium 71, which generates mie scattering.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one rayleigh composite particle 1, i.e. at least one composite particle 1 surrounded by said at least one medium 71, which generates rayleigh scattering.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 comprises at least one rayleigh composite particle 1 and at least one mie composite particle 1 surrounded by said at least one medium 71. In this embodiment, the efficiency of the luminescent material 7 can be improved compared to the case of using only mie composite particles.
In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a carrier carrying at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one light color conversion layer 4 as described above.
According to one embodiment, the carrier may be a substrate, an LED array, a container, a tube, a solar panel, a panel, or a container. Preferably, the carrier is optically transparent at a wavelength between 200 nanometers and 50 micrometers, between 200 nanometers and 10 micrometers, between 200 nanometers and 2500 nanometers, between 200 nanometers and 2000 nanometers, between 200 nanometers and 1500 nanometers, between 200 nanometers and 1000 nanometers, between 200 nanometers and 800 nanometers, between 400 nanometers and 700 nanometers, between 400 and 600 nanometers, or between 400 nanometers and 470 nanometers.
The LEDs described herein include LEDs, LED chips 5 and micro LEDs 6.
According to one embodiment, the carrier is reflective.
In one embodiment, the carrier comprises a material that reflects light, such as a metal material (e.g., aluminum, silver), glass, polymer, or plastic.
According to one embodiment, the carrier is thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the support under standard conditions ranges from 0.1 to 450W/(m.k), preferably from 1 to 200W/(m.k), more preferably from 10 to 150W/(m.k).
According to one embodiment, the carrier has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m., 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the carrier may comprise GaN, GaSb, GaAs, GaAsP, GaP, InP, SiGe, InGaN, GaAlN, GaAlPN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlGaP, AlGaInP, AlGaN, AlGaInN, ZnSe, Si, SiC, diamond, or boron nitride.
According to one embodiment, the support may comprise gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, tin, rhodium, palladium, manganese, titanium, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the carrier includes silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silver oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, beryllium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, iridium oxide, scandium oxide, nickel oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, vanadium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, boron oxide, phosphorus oxide, germanium oxide, osmium oxide, rhenium oxide, platinum oxide, arsenic oxide, tantalum oxide, lithium oxide, strontium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, chromium oxide, technetium oxide, rhodium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, palladium oxide, cadmium oxide, mercury oxide, thallium oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, polonium oxide, selenium oxide, cesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, terbium oxide, yttrium oxide, erbium oxide, holmium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium oxide, gadolinium oxide, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the at least one light-color converting layer 4 and/or the at least one luminescent material 7 is deposited on the carrier by drop casting, spin coating, dip coating, ink jet printing, lithography, spray coating, electroplating or by any other method known to the person skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light color conversion layer 4, which comprises at least one population of composite particles 1, is carried by a carrier. In this application, the population of composite particles 1 is defined by the wavelength of their emission peak.
According to one embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light color conversion layer 4 carried by the carrier comprises at least two populations of composite particles 1 emitting different wavelengths. According to one embodiment, the carrier carries two luminescent materials 7 and/or two light color conversion layers 4, each comprising a population of composite particles 1, the populations comprised in each luminescent material 7 and/or each light color conversion layer 4 emitting light of a different color.
According to one embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light color conversion layer 4 carried by the carrier comprises at least two populations of composite particles 1 which emit green and red light upon down-conversion of a blue light source. In the present embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light-color conversion layer 4 are/is configured to transmit blue primary light with a predetermined intensity and emit green and red secondary light with a predetermined intensity, so as to emit three-color white light.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one light color conversion layer 4 comprising at least one population of composite particles 1 which emits green light upon down-conversion of a blue light source, and at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one light color conversion layer 4 comprising at least one population of composite particles 1 which emits red light upon down-conversion of a blue light source. In the present embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light-color conversion layer 4 are/is configured to transmit blue primary light with a predetermined intensity and emit green and red secondary light with a predetermined intensity, so as to emit three-color white light.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one light colour conversion layer 4 comprising at least two populations of composite particles 1, wherein the first population has a peak wavelength of luminescence between 500nm and 560nm, more preferably between 515 nm and 545 nm, and the second population has a peak wavelength of luminescence between 600 nm and 2500 nm, more preferably between 610 nm and 650 nm.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least two luminescent materials 7 and/or at least two light color conversion layers 4, each comprising at least one population of composite particles 1, wherein the first luminescent material 7 and/or light color conversion layer 4 comprises a group having a luminescence peak wavelength between 500nm and 560nm, more preferably between 515 nm and 545 nm, and the second luminescent material 7 and/or light color conversion layer 4 comprises a group having a luminescence peak wavelength between 600 nm and 2500 nm, more preferably between 610 nm and 650 nm.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one light color conversion layer 4 comprising at least two populations of composite particles 1, wherein the full width at half maximum of the emission peak of a first group is below 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm, and the full width at half maximum of the emission peak of a second group is below 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least two luminescent materials 7 and/or at least two light color conversion layers 4, each comprising at least one population of composite particles 1, wherein the full width at half maximum of the emission peak of the group comprised by the first luminescent material 7 and/or light color conversion layer 4 is lower than 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm, while the full width at half maximum of the emission peak of the group comprised by the second luminescent material 7 and/or light color conversion layer 4 is lower than 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least one luminescent material 7 and/or at least one light color conversion layer 4 comprising at least two populations of composite particles 1, wherein a quarter of the height and width of the emission peaks of a first group is below 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm, and a quarter of the height and width of the emission peaks of a second group is below 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one embodiment, the carrier carries at least two luminescent materials 7 and/or at least two light color conversion layers 4, each comprising at least one population of composite particles 1, wherein a first luminescent material 7 and/or light color conversion layer 4 comprises a group having an emission peak with a quarter of the height and width below 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm, and a second luminescent material 7 and/or light color conversion layer 4 comprises a group having an emission peak with a quarter of the height and width below 90nm, 80 nm, 70nm, 60nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 15 nm or 10 nm.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one phosphor 7 and/or the at least one color conversion layer 4 are coated as a multilayer structure on the carrier. According to one embodiment, the multilayer structure comprises at least two or at least three layers.
According to an embodiment, the multi-layer system may further comprise at least one auxiliary layer.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer is optically transparent at a wavelength between 200nm and 50 microns, between 200nm and 10 microns, between 200nm and 2500 nm, between 200 and 2000 nm, between 200nm and 1500 nm, between 200nm and 1000 nm, between 200nm and 800 nm, between 400 and 700 nm, between 400 and 600 nm or between 400nm and 470 nm. In this embodiment, the auxiliary layer does not absorb any light, but allows the luminescent particles 1 and/or the luminescent material 7 to absorb all incident light.
According to an embodiment, the auxiliary layer limits or prevents a deterioration of the chemical and physical properties of the at least one luminescent particle 1 at molecular oxygen, ozone, water and/or elevated temperatures. According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer protects said at least one luminescent material 7 from oxygen, ozone, water and/or high temperatures.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer is thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the auxiliary layer under standard conditions ranges from 0.1 to 450W/(m.k), preferably from 1 to 200W/(m.k), more preferably from 10 to 150W/(m.k).
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the auxiliary layer under standard conditions is at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.6W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.5W/(, 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer is a polymer auxiliary layer.
According to one embodiment, one or more components of the auxiliary layer may comprise a polymerizable component, a crosslinking agent, a scattering agent, a rheology modifier, a filler, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator as described later.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer comprises scattering particles. Examples of scattering particles include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, silver, gold, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer further comprises heat conductor particles. Examples of thermal conductor particles include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like. In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the auxiliary layer is increased.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer comprises a polymeric host material 71 as described above.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer comprises an inorganic host material 71 as described above.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the auxiliary layer is between 30 nm and 1 cm, between 100 nm and 1 cm, preferably between 100 nm and 500 μm.
According to one embodiment, the auxiliary layer has a thickness of at least 30 nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200nm, 210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm, 240 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750nm, 800 nm, 850nm, 900 nm, 950 nm, 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.5 micron, 4 micron, 4.1 micron, 4.2 micron, 4.3 micron, 4.4 micron, 4.5 micron, 4.6 micron, 4.7 micron, 4.8 micron, 4.9 micron, 5 micron, 5.1 micron, 5.2 micron, 5.3 micron, 4.5 micron, 5.5 microns, 5.6 microns, 5.7 microns, 5.8 microns, 5.9 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, 10 microns, 10.5 microns, 11 microns, 11.5 microns, 12 microns, 12.5 microns, 13 microns, 13.5 microns, 14 microns, 14.5 microns, 15 microns, 15.5 microns, 16 microns, 16.5 microns, 17 microns, 17.5 microns, 18 microns, 18.5 microns, 19 microns, 19.5 microns, 20 microns, 20.5 microns, 21 microns, 21.5 microns, 22 microns, 22.5 microns, 23 microns, 23.5 microns, 24 microns, 24.5 microns, 25 microns, 25.5 microns, 26 microns, 26.5 microns, 27 microns, 27.5 microns, 28 microns, 28.5 microns, 29.5 microns, 30.5 microns, 30 microns, 31.5 microns, 31 microns, 31.5 microns, 33.5 microns, 33 microns, 32 microns, 34 microns, 35.5 microns, 36 microns, 36.5 microns, 37 microns, 37.5 microns, 38 microns, 38.5 microns, 39 microns, 39.5 microns, 40 microns, 40.5 microns, 41 microns, 41.5 microns, 42 microns, 42.5 microns, 43 microns, 43.5 microns, 44 microns, 44.5 microns, 45 microns, 45.5 microns, 46 microns, 46.5 microns, 47 microns, 47.5 microns, 48 microns, 48.5 microns, 49 microns, 49.5 microns, 50 microns, 50.5 microns, 51 microns, 51.5 microns, 52 microns, 52.5 microns, 53 microns, 53.5 microns, 54 microns, 54.5 microns, 55 microns, 55.5 microns, 56 microns, 56.5 microns, 57 microns, 57.5 microns, 58 microns, 58.5 microns, 59 microns, 59.5 microns, 60 microns, 60.5 microns, 61 microns, 61.5 microns, 62.5 microns, 63 microns, 63.5 microns, 65 microns, 67.5 microns, 67 microns, 67.5 microns, 68 microns, 68.5 microns, 69 microns, 69.5 microns, 70 microns, 70.5 microns, 71 microns, 71.5 microns, 72 microns, 72.5 microns, 73 microns, 73.5 microns, 74 microns, 74.5 microns, 75 microns, 75.5 microns, 76 microns, 76.5 microns, 77 microns, 77.5 microns, 78 microns, 78.5 microns, 79 microns, 79.5 microns, 80 microns, 80.5 microns, 81 microns, 81.5 microns, 82 microns, 82.5 microns, 83 microns, 83.5 microns, 84 microns, 84.5 microns, 85 microns, 85.5 microns, 86 microns, 86.5 microns, 87 microns, 87.5 microns, 88 microns, 88.5 microns, 89 microns, 89.5 microns, 90 microns, 90.5 microns, 91 microns, 91.5 microns, 92 microns, 92.5 microns, 93 microns, 93.5 microns, 94 microns, 94.5 microns, 95.5 microns, 97.5 microns, 99.5 microns, 99 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 99.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 99 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 98.5 microns, 98 microns, 80, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 350 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, 600 microns, 650 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 850 microns, 900 microns, 950 microns, or 1 cm.
According to one embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light-color conversion layer 4 or the multilayer structure is covered by at least one protective layer.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light-color conversion layer 4 or the multilayer structure is surrounded by at least one protective layer.
According to one embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light-color conversion layer 4 or the multilayer structure is covered by at least one auxiliary layer, and both are in turn surrounded by at least one protective layer.
According to one embodiment, the at least one luminescent material 7 and/or the at least one light-color conversion layer 4 or the multilayer structure is covered by at least one auxiliary layer and/or at least one protective layer.
According to one embodiment, the protective layer is a planarization layer.
According to one embodiment, the protective layer is an impermeable layer for oxygen, ozone and/or water. In this embodiment, the protective layer is an oxidation-resistant barrier and limits or prevents the deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of the at least one composite particle 1 and/or the at least one luminescent material due to molecular oxygen, ozone, water and/or high temperatures.
According to one embodiment, the protective layer is an impermeable layer for oxygen, ozone and/or water. In this embodiment, the protective layer is an oxidation-resistant barrier and limits or prevents a deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of the at least one composite particle 1 and/or the at least one luminescent material due to molecular oxygen, ozone, water and/or high temperature
According to one embodiment, the protective layer is thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the protective layer under standard conditions ranges from 0.1 to 450W/(m.K), preferably from 1 to 200W/(m.K), more preferably from 10 to 150W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the protective layer has a thermal conductivity under standard conditions of at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.4W/(m.K), 2.6W/(m.K), 2.4W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.4K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.5, 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the protective layer may be made of glass, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), PES (polyethersulfone), PEN (polynaphthalene dicarboxylic acid), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), PNB (polynorbornene), PAR (polyarylate), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PCO (polycycloolefin), PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride), nylon, ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide), cellulose, Al2O3、AlOxNy、SiOxCy、SiO2、SiOx、SiNx、SiCx、ZrO2、TiO2、MgO、ZnO、SnO2Ceramic, organically modified ceramic, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the protective layer may be deposited by PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition), ALD (atomic layer deposition), CVD (chemical vapor deposition), iCVD (initiator chemical vapor deposition), Cat-CVD (catalytic chemical vapor deposition), and the like.
According to one embodiment, the protective layer may include scattering particles. Examples of scattering particles include, but are not limited to: SiO 22、ZrO2、ZnO、MgO、SnO2、TiO2Ag, Au, Al, alumina, barium sulfate, PTFE, barium titanate, etc.
According to an embodiment, the protective layer further comprises heat conductor particles. Examples of thermal conductor particles include, but are not limited to: SiO 22、ZrO2、ZnO、MgO、SnO2、TiO2CaO, alumina, barium sulfate, PTFE, barium titanate, and the like. In the present embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the protective layer is increased.
According to one embodiment, the carrier may be a substrate, a light emitting diode array, a container, a tube, a cartridge, a solar panel, a panel or a container. Preferably, the carrier is optically transparent at a wavelength between 200nm and 50 microns, between 200nm and 10 microns, between 200nm and 2500 nm, between 200nm and 2000 nm, between 200nm and 1500 nm, between 200nm and 1000 nm, between 200nm and 800 nm, between 400nm and 700 nm, between 400 and 600 nm, or between 400nm and 470 nm.
As used herein, LEDs include LEDs, LED chips, and micro-scale LEDs (micro-LEDs).
According to one embodiment, the carrier may be a fabric, a piece of clothing, wood, plastic, ceramic, glass, steel, metal or any active surface.
According to one embodiment, the active surface is an interactive surface.
According to one embodiment, the active surface is a surface comprised in an optoelectronic component or a display device.
According to one embodiment, the optoelectronic component may be a display device, a diode, a Light Emitting Diode (LED), a laser component, a photo-sensitive component, a transistor, a super capacitor, a bar code, an LED, a micro LED, an LED array, an array of micro LEDs, or an IR sensitive component.
According to one embodiment, the carrier is reflective.
According to one embodiment, the carrier is thermally conductive.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the carrier under standard conditions ranges from 0.5 to 450W/(m.k), preferably from 1 to 200W/(m.k), more preferably from 10 to 150W/(m.k).
According to one embodiment, the carrier has a thermal conductivity under standard conditions of at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K, 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K).
According to one embodiment, the substrate may comprise GaN, GaSb, GaAs, GaAsP, GaP, InP, SiGe, InGaN, GaAlN, GaAlPN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlGaP, AlGaInP, AlGaN, AlGaInN, ZnSe, Si, SiC, diamond, or boron nitride.
According to a third aspect shown in fig. 8, the invention further relates to a display device 230 comprising at least one light source 231 and a rotating wheel 233 comprising at least one light color conversion layer 4 according to the invention, wherein the at least one light source 231 is configured to: illumination and/or excitation is provided for at least one light color conversion layer 4. Light from light source 232 encounters rotating wheel 233, which includes at least one light color conversion layer 4. The at least one light color conversion layer 4 comprises several regions, wherein at least one region comprises at least one luminescent material 7, or at least two regions, each comprising at least one luminescent material 7 capable of emitting secondary light of a different wavelength. At least one area may be free of any luminescent material 7, which luminescent material 7 may be empty or optically transparent in order to allow the primary light to be transmitted through the rotating wheel 233 without emitting any secondary light.
In one embodiment, the light source 231 is a blue, green, red or ultraviolet light source, such as a laser, diode, LED, fluorescent lamp, or xenon arc lamp.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is operative to provide at least one primary light.
According to one embodiment, the at least one primary light is monochromatic.
According to one embodiment, the at least one primary light is polychromatic.
According to an embodiment, the at least one primary light emitted by the light source 231 has a wavelength in a range from 200nm to 5 microns, from 200nm to 800 nm, from 400nm to 470nm, from 400nm to 500nm, from 400nm to 600 nm, from 400nm to 700 nm, from 400nm to 800 nm, from 800 nm to 1200 nm, from 1200 nm to 1500 nm, from 1500 nm to 1800 nm, from 1800 nm to 2200 nm, from 2200 nm to 2500 nm, or from 2500 nm to 50 microns.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 may further include an inorganic phosphor.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 comprises at least one LED and a luminescent inorganic phosphor, which is well known to those skilled in the art. Thus, the light source 231 is capable of emitting a combination of light having different wavelengths, i.e., a polychromatic light as the primary light.
As used herein, LEDs include LEDs, LED chips, and micro-LEDs.
According to one embodiment, the primary light is blue light and has an emission wavelength in the range of 400nm to 470nm, preferably about 450 nm.
According to one embodiment, the primary light is UV light and emits in the wavelength range of 200nm to 400nm, preferably about 390 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is blue light having a wavelength ranging from 400 nanometers to 470 nanometers, such as a gallium nitride based diode LED.
According to one embodiment, light source 231 is a blue LED having a wavelength ranging from 400 nanometers to 470 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 405 nanometers. According to one embodiment, light source 231 has an emission peak at about 447 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 455 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is a UV light LED having a wavelength ranging from 200 nanometers to 400 nanometers. According to one embodiment, light source 231 has an emission peak at about 253 nanometers. According to one embodiment, light source 231 has an emission peak at about 365 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 395 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is a green LED having a wavelength ranging from 500 nanometers to 560 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 515 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 525 nanometers. According to one embodiment, light source 231 has an emission peak at about 540 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is a red LED having a wavelength ranging from 750 nanometers to 850 nanometers. According to one embodiment, light source 231 has an emission peak at about 755 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 800 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the light source 231 has an emission peak at about 850 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or average peak pulse power of the light source 231 is 1nW.cm-2And 100kW.cm-2More preferably 10mw.cm-2And 100W.cm-2And even more preferably 10mw.cm-2And 30W.cm-2In the meantime.
According to one embodiment, the luminous flux or average peak luminous flux power of the light source 231 is at least 1nW.cm-2、50nW.cm-2、100nW.cm-2、200nW.cm-2、300nW.cm-2、400nW.cm-2、500nW.cm-2、600nW.cm-2、700nW.cm-2、800nW.cm-2、900nW.cm-2、1μW.cm-2、10μW.cm-2、100μW.cm-2、500μW.cm-2、1mW.cm-2、50mW.cm-2、100mW.cm-2、500mW.cm-2、1W.cm-2、5W.cm-2、10W.cm-2、20W.cm-2、30W.cm-2、40W.cm-2、50W.cm-2、60W.cm-2、70W.cm-2、80W.cm-2、90W.cm-2、100W.cm-2、110W.cm-2、120W.cm-2、130W.cm-2、140W.cm-2、150W.cm-2、160W.cm-2、170W.cm-2、180W.cm-2、190W.cm-2、200W.cm-2、300W.cm-2、400W.cm-2、500W.cm-2、600W.cm-2、700W.cm-2、800W.cm-2、900W.cm-2、1kW.cm-2、50kW.cm-2Or 100kW.cm-2。
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is a GaN, GaSb, GaAs, GaAsP, GaP, InP, SiGe, InGaN, GaAlN, GaAlPN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlGaP, AlGaInP, AlGaN, AlGaInN, ZnSe, Si, SiC, diamond, boron nitride diode.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is a laser source.
According to one embodiment, the laser source is a blue laser source with a wavelength ranging from 400 nanometers to 470 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the emission peak of the laser source is located at about 405 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the emission peak of the laser source is located at about 447 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the emission peak of the laser source 6112 is located at about 455 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the laser source is a UV laser source with a wavelength ranging from 200nm to 400 nm. According to one embodiment, the emission peak of the laser source is located at about 253 nanometers. According to one embodiment, the emission peak of the laser source is located at about 365 nanometers and, according to one embodiment, the emission peak of the laser source 6112 is located at about 395 nanometers
According to one embodiment, the primary light is blue light, with an emission wavelength in the range of 400nm to 470nm, preferably at about 450 nm.
According to one embodiment, the primary light is UV light emitting at a wavelength of 200nm to 400nm, preferably about 390 nm.
According to one embodiment, the laser source emits blue or ultraviolet light, and the rotating wheel 233 comprises: at least one area is free of luminescent material 7, empty or optically transparent; at least one region contains at least one luminescent material 7 that functions to emit red light; and at least one region contains at least one luminescent material 7 that functions to emit green light.
According to one embodiment, the laser source emits UV light, and the rotating wheel 233 comprises: at least one area is free of luminescent material 7, empty or optically transparent; at least one region comprises at least one luminescent material 7 that can emit red light; at least one region contains at least one luminescent material 7 that can emit green light; at least one zone contains at least one luminescent material 7 that can emit orange light; at least one region contains at least one luminescent material 7 that can emit yellow light; at least one region contains at least one luminescent material 7 that can emit blue light; at least one region contains at least one violet-emitting luminescent material 7.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits red light and has an emission peak with a wavelength between 610 nm and 2500 nm, more preferably between 610 nm and 660 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits green light and has an emission peak with a wavelength between 500nm and 565 nm, more preferably between 510 nm and 545 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits orange light and has an emission peak with a wavelength between 596 nm and 609 nm, more preferably between 590 nm and 605 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits yellow light and has an emission peak with a wavelength between 566 nanometers and 585 nanometers, more preferably between 570 nanometers and 585 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits blue light and has an emission peak with a wavelength between 440 and 499 nanometers, more preferably between 450 and 490 nanometers.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits violet light and has an emission peak with a wavelength between 380 nm and 439 nm, more preferably between 410 nm and 439 nm.
According to one embodiment, the rotary wheel 233 has a shape of a disc, a ring, a square, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a star, or a triangle.
According to one embodiment, the distance between the center of mass of the rotator wheel 233 and the farthest point 5 from the center of mass of the rotator wheel 233 is less than 100 cm, 90 cm, 80 cm, 70 cm, 60 cm, 50 cm, 40 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm, 10cm, 5 cm, 1 cm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, or 1 mm.
According to one embodiment, the spinning wheel 233 has a rough surface, for example with a surface roughness value from 10 to 300 nanometers.
According to one embodiment shown in FIGS. 12A-B, the color conversion layer 4 forms a ring or a band around the center of the rotator wheel 233.
As shown in fig. 12A-B, is a planar configuration of the rotator wheel 233. The rotary wheel 233 includes a reflective layer and a photochromic conversion layer 4, which may be sequentially stacked on the surface of a thin plate having a circular shape.
According to one embodiment, the swivel wheel 233 comprises an opening in the center of the circular plate.
According to one embodiment, a display apparatus includes at least one cut filter layer. In this embodiment, the cut-off filter layer is a global cut-off filter, a local cut-off filter, or a mixture thereof. This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the cut-off filter prevents excitation of the particles of the invention contained in the medium by ambient light. The local cut-off filter blocks only a certain part of the spectrum. A local cut-off filter that blocks only this particular portion of the spectrum may, together with a global cut-off filter, eliminate (or significantly reduce) excitation of the particles of the invention by ambient light.
According to one embodiment, the cut-off filter layer is a resin that can filter out blue light
According to an embodiment, the cut-off filter layer comprises at least one organic material, such as at least one organic polymer as described herein, preferably said cut-off filter layer is configured to filter blue light.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the photochromic conversion layer 4 ranges from 0 micron to 1 cm, 10 microns to 1 mm, or 100 microns to 1000 microns.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 has a rough surface, for example, a surface roughness ranging from 10 nm to 2000 nm, 50nm to 1500 nm, 100 nm to 1000 nm, or 150 nm to 500 nm.
According to one embodiment, the light color conversion layer 4 has a uniform thickness. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the photochromic conversion layer 4 does not vary, and is the same along the whole photochromic conversion layer 4.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 has a heterogeneous thickness. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the photochromic conversion layer 4 can be varied, and different thicknesses can be provided in different regions of the photochromic conversion layer 4.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the spinning wheel 233 ranges between 100 microns and 1 cm.
According to one embodiment, the difference in refractive index at 450nm between the rotator wheel 233 and the photochromic conversion layer 4 is below 1, below 0.8, below 0.6, below 0.4, below 0.2, below 0.1, below 0.08, below 0.06, below 0.04, below 0.02, below 0.01, below 0.005, below 0.001 or equal to 0.
According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the rotating wheel 233 under standard conditions is at least 0.1W/(m.K), 0.2W/(m.K), 0.3W/(m.K), 0.4W/(m.K), 0.5W/(m.K), 0.6W/(m.K), 0.7W/(m.K), 0.8W/(m.K), 0.9W/(m.K), 1W/(m.K), 1.1W/(m.K), 1.2W/(m.K), 1.3W/(m.K), 1.4W/(m.K), 1.5W/(m.K), 1.6W/(m.K), 1.7W/(m.K), 1.8W/(m.K), 1.9W/(m.K), 2W/(m.K), 2.1W/(m.K), 2.2W/(m.K), 2.3W/(m.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.5W/(m.K), 2.K), 2.7W/(m.K), 2.8W/(m.K), 2.9W/(m.K), 3W/(m.K), 3.1W/(m.K), 3.2W/(m.K), 3.3W/(m.K), 3.4W/(m.K), 3.5W/(m.K), 3.6W/(m.K), 3.7W/(m.K), 3.8W/(m.K), 3.9W/(m.K), 4W/(m.K), 4.1W/(m.K), 4.2W/(m.K), 4.3W/(m.K), 4.4W/(m.K), 4.5W/(m.K), 4.6W/(m.K), 4.7W/(m.K), 4.8W/(m.K), 4.9W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.1W/(m.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m.K), 5 M.K), 5W/(m.K), 5.K), 5W/(m, 5.6W/(m.K), 5.7W/(m.K), 5.8W/(m.K), 5.9W/(m.K), 6W/(m.K), 6.1W/(m.K), 6.2W/(m.K), 6.3W/(m.K), 6.4W/(m.K), 6.5W/(m.K), 6.6W/(m.K), 6.7W/(m.K), 6.8W/(m.K), 6.9W/(m.K), 7W/(m.K), 7.1W/(m.K), 7.2W/(m.K), 7.3W/(m.K), 7.4W/(m.K), 7.5W/(m.K), 7.6W/(m.K), 7.7W/(m.K), 7.8W/(m.K), 7.9W/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 8.K/(m.K), 8W/(m.K), 3.8.8W/(m.K), 8.K), 3W/(m.K), 8.K), 3.K, m.K, M.K, K, M., 8.5W/(m.K), 8.6W/(m.K), 8.7W/(m.K), 8.8W/(m.K), 8.9W/(m.K), 9W/(m.K), 9.1W/(m.K), 9.2W/(m.K), 9.3W/(m.K), 9.4W/(m.K), 9.5W/(m.K), 9.6W/(m.K), 9.7W/(m.K), 9.8W/(m.K), 9.9W/(m.K), 10W/(m.K), 10.1W/(m.K), 10.2W/(m.K), 10.3W/(m.K), 10.4W/(m.K), 10.5W/(m.K), 10.6W/(m.K), 10.7W/(m.K), 10.8W/(m.K), 10.9W/(m.K), 11.11W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11 M.K), 11W/(m.K), 11.K), 11 M.K, 11W/(m.K), 10.K, 10.7W/(m.K), 10.K, 10., 11.4W/(m.K), 11.5W/(m.K), 11.6W/(m.K), 11.7W/(m.K), 11.8W/(m.K), 11.9W/(m.K), 12W/(m.K), 12.1W/(m.K), 12.2W/(m.K), 12.3W/(m.K), 12.4W/(m.K), 12.5W/(m.K), 12.6W/(m.K), 12.7W/(m.K), 12.8W/(m.K), 12.9W/(m.K), 13W/(m.K), 13.1W/(m.K), 13.2W/(m.K), 13.3W/(m.K), 13.4W/(m.K), 13.5W/(m.K), 13.6W/(m.K), 13.7W/(m.K), 13.8W/(m.K), 14.14W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14 M.K, 14W/(m.K), 13.K, 14W/(m., 14.3W/(m.K), 14.4W/(m.K), 14.5W/(m.K), 14.6W/(m.K), 14.7W/(m.K), 14.8W/(m.K), 14.9W/(m.K), 15W/(m.K), 15.1W/(m.K), 15.2W/(m.K), 15.3W/(m.K), 15.4W/(m.K), 15.5W/(m.K), 15.6W/(m.K), 15.7W/(m.K), 15.8W/(m.K), 15.9W/(m.K), 16W/(m.K), 16.1W/(m.K), 16.2W/(m.K), 16.3W/(m.K), 16.4W/(m.K), 16.5W/(m.K), 16.6W/(m.K), 16.7W/(m.K), 17W/(m.K), 17.K), 17W/(m.K), 16.K, 17W/(m.K), and (m.K) 17.2W/(m.K), 17.3W/(m.K), 17.4W/(m.K), 17.5W/(m.K), 17.6W/(m.K), 17.7W/(m.K), 17.8W/(m.K), 17.9W/(m.K), 18W/(m.K), 18.1W/(m.K), 18.2W/(m.K), 18.3W/(m.K), 18.4W/(m.K), 18.5W/(m.K), 18.6W/(m.K), 18.7W/(m.K), 18.8W/(m.K), 18.9W/(m.K), 19W/(m.K), 19.1W/(m.K), 19.2W/(m.K), 19.3W/(m.K), 19.4W/(m.K), 19.5W/(m.K), 19.6W/(m.K), 19.19.19.19.19W/(m.K), 19.19.7W/(m.K), 19.7W/(m.K), 19.K), 19.7W, 20.1W/(m.K), 20.2W/(m.K), 20.3W/(m.K), 20.4W/(m.K), 20.5W/(m.K), 20.6W/(m.K), 20.7W/(m.K), 20.8W/(m.K), 20.9W/(m.K), 21W/(m.K), 21.1W/(m.K), 21.2W/(m.K), 21.3W/(m.K), 21.4W/(m.K), 21.5W/(m.K), 21.6W/(m.K), 21.7W/(m.K), 21.8W/(m.K), 21.9W/(m.K), 22W/(m.K), 22.1W/(m.K), 22.2W/(m.K), 22.3W/(m.K), 22.4W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.5W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m.K), 22.K), 22.7W/(m, 23W/(m.K), 23.1W/(m.K), 23.2W/(m.K), 23.3W/(m.K), 23.4W/(m.K), 23.5W/(m.K), 23.6W/(m.K), 23.7W/(m.K), 23.8W/(m.K), 23.9W/(m.K), 24W/(m.K), 24.1W/(m.K), 24.2W/(m.K), 24.3W/(m.K), 24.4W/(m.K), 24.5W/(m.K), 24.6W/(m.K), 24.7W/(m.K), 24.8W/(m.K), 24.9W/(m.K), 25W/(m.K), 30W/(m.K), 40W/(m.K), 50W/(m.K), 60W/(m.K), 70W/(m.K), 90W/(m.K), 100W/(m.K), 24.K, 110W/(m.K), 120W/(m.K), 130W/(m.K), 140W/(m.K), 150W/(m.K), 160W/(m.K), 170W/(m.K), 180W/(m.K), 190W/(m.K), 200W/(m.K), 210W/(m.K), 220W/(m.K), 230W/(m.K), 240W/(m.K), 250W/(m.K), 260W/(m.K), 270W/(m.K), 280W/(m.K), 290W/(m.K), 300W/(m.K), 310W/(m.K), 320W/(m.K), 330W/(m.K), 340W/(m.K), 350W/(m.K), 360W/(m.K), 370W/(m.K), 380W/(m.K), 390W/(m.K), etc, 400W/(m.K), 410W/(m.K), 420W/(m.K), 430W/(m.K), 440W/(m.K) or 450W/(m.K). In this embodiment, the rotator wheel 233 can help dissipate heat of the photochromic conversion layer 4.
According to one embodiment, the rotating wheel 233 is a multi-layer material.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material is a polymeric material.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material includes, but is not limited to: silicone-based polymers, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate, polyesters, polyacrylates, polycarbonates, poly (vinyl alcohol), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, polysaccharides, poly (ethylene glycol), melamine resins, phenolic resins, alkyl resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, maleic resins, polyamide resins, alkyl resins, maleic resins, terpene resins, acrylic resins or acrylate-based resins such as PMMA, copolymer-forming resins, copolymers, block copolymers, polymerizable monomers thereof containing UV initiators or thermal initiators or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material includes, but is not limited to: a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin or a dry curable resin. The thermosetting resin and the photocurable resin are cured by heat and light, respectively. In order to use a dry curable resin, the resin is cured by heating the solvent.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material may be a polymerizable formulation that may comprise monomers, oligomers, polymers or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a cross-linking agent, a scattering agent, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator.
According to one embodiment, the composition of the polymerizable formulation includes, but is not limited to, the following monomers, oligomers, or polymers: alkyl methacrylates or acrylates, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylates substituted with methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, e.g. butoxy and similar derivatives, methacrylates, ethacrylates, propyl acrylates, butyl acrylates, isobutyl acrylates, lauryl acrylates, norbornyl acrylates, 2-ethylhexyl acrylates, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylates, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylates, benzyl acrylates, phenylacrylates, isobornyl acrylates, hydroxypropyl acrylates, fluorinated acrylic monomers, chlorinated acrylic monomers, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylates, n-butyl methacrylates, isobutyl methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylates, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylates, methyl acrylates, butyl acrylates, benzyl acrylates, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, norbornyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylic monomers, chlorinated methacrylic monomers, alkyl crotonates, allyl crotonates, glycidyl methacrylate and related esters.
In another embodiment, the composition of the polymerizable formulation comprises, but is not limited to, the following monomers, oligomers, or polymers: alkyl of alkylacrylamides or methacrylamides, e.g. acrylamide, alkylacrylamides, N-tert-butylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, N-diethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, ethyl N-p-methoxyphenylacetate, N-ethylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N- (isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N '-dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ] methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N' -dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ], N- (hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, N- (trityl) methacrylamide, polyisopropyl acrylamide), poly (ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphorsulfonic acid in water (PANI/CSA), PTPDES, Et-PIT-DEK, PPBA, and similar derivatives.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation composition includes, but is not limited to, monomers, oligomers or polymers made from α -olefins, dienes, such as butadiene and chloroprene, styrene, α -methylstyrene and the like, heteroatom substituted α -olefins, such as vinyl acetate, such as vinyl alkyl ethers, ethyl vinyl ethers, vinyl trimethylsilane, vinyl chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene rings and polycycloolefin compounds, and cyclic derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), polycyclic derivatives, such as norbornene, and similar derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), such as 2 cyclic vinyl ethers, 3-dihydrofuran, 3, 4-dihydropyran, and similar derivatives, such as allyl alcohol derivatives, vinyl ethylene carbonate.
According to one embodiment, examples of crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to: derivatives and analogs of diacrylate, triacrylate, tetraacrylate, dimethacrylate, trimethacrylate and tetramethacrylate monomers. Another example of a crosslinking agent includes, but is not limited to: from monomers, oligomers or polymers of di-or trifunctional monomers such as allyl methacrylate, diallyl maleate, 1, 3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 4-butanediol dimethyl, 1, 6-diol dimethyl, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N-methylenebis (acrylamide), N' -hexamethylenebis (methacrylamide), and divinylbenzene.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise scattering particles. Examples of scattering particles include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a thermal conductor. Examples of thermal conductors include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium titanate, and the like. In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the multilayer material is increased.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a photoinitiator examples of photoinitiators include, but are not limited to, α -hydroxyketone, phenylglyoxylic acid, benzyldimethyl ketal, α aminoketone, monoacyl oxide, bisacylphosphine oxide, phosphine oxide, benzophenone and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl cinnamate, derivatives of metallocenes or iodonium salts, and the like
Figure BDA0002378611290002411
Photoinitiators, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the polymerizable formulation may further comprise a thermal initiator. Examples of thermal initiators include, but are not limited to: peroxy compounds, azo compounds such as Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 4, 4-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), potassium and ammonium persulfate, t-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and the like.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric multilayer material may be a solid polymerized from: alkyl methacrylates or acrylates, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylates substituted with methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and similar derivatives, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, norbornyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, fluorinated acrylic monomers, chlorinated acrylic monomers, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid esters substituted with methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and similar derivatives, Benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, norbornyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylic monomers, chlorinated methacrylic monomers, alkyl crotonates, allyl crotonates, glycidyl methacrylate, and related esters.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric multilayer material may be a polymeric solid made from a polymeric solid: alkyl of alkylacrylamides or methacrylamides, e.g. acrylamide, alkylacrylamides, N-tert-butylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, N-diethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, ethyl N-p-methoxyphenylacetate, N-ethylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N- (isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N '-dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ] methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- [ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl ] acrylamide, N-diethyl, N' -dibenzylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl ], N- (hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, N- (trityl) methacrylamide, polyisopropyl acrylamide), poly (ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphorsulfonic acid in water (PANI/CSA), PTPDES, Et-PIT-DEK, PPBA, and similar derivatives.
According to one embodiment, the polymeric multilayer material can be a polymeric solid made from α -olefins, dienes, such as butadiene and chloroprene, styrene, α -methylstyrene and the like, heteroatom-substituted α -olefins, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl alkyl ethers, ethyl vinyl ether, vinyltrimethylsilane, vinyl chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and cyclic olefin compounds, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene rings, and cyclic derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), polycyclic derivatives, such as norbornene, and similar derivatives (containing long carbon chains up to 20 carbons), cyclic vinyl ethers, such as 2, 3-dihydrofuran, 3, 4-dihydropyran, and similar derivatives, allyl alcohol derivatives, such as ethylene vinyl carbonates, such as compounds of maleic acid and fumaric acid,
according to one embodiment, the polymeric multilayer material may be polymethylmethacrylate, poly (lauryl methacrylate), pegylated poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (maleic anhydride-octadecene), or a mixture thereof.
According to another embodiment, the multilayer material is inorganic.
According to one embodiment, examples of inorganic multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: materials or metal oxides obtained by sol-gel processes, such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, iridium oxide or mixtures thereof. The multi-layer material can act as an auxiliary barrier against oxidation and can conduct and remove heat if it is a good thermal conductor.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material is composed of the following metals: halides, chalcogenides, phosphides, sulfides, metalloids, metal alloys, ceramics, such as oxides, carbides or nitrides. The inorganic material 2 is prepared using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, a chalcogenide is composed of a compound of at least one chalcogenide anion, for example selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, and at least one or more electropositive elements.
According to one embodiment, the metallic multilayer material may consist of the following elements: gold, silver, copper, vanadium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, yttrium, mercury, cadmium, osmium, chromium, tantalum, manganese, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, rhodium, tungsten, iridium, nickel, iron, or cobalt.
According to one embodiment, examples of carbide multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: SiC, WC, BC, MoC, TiC, Al4C3、LaC2、FeC、CoC、HfC、SixCy、WxCy、BxCy、MoxCy、TixCy、AlxCy、LaxCy、FexCy、CoxCy、HfxCyOr mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not simultaneously the condition 0, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of oxidized multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: SiO 22、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ZnO、MgO、SnO2、Nb2O5、CeO2、BeO、IrO2、CaO、Sc2O3、NiO、Na2O、BaO、K2O、PbO、Ag2O、V2O5、TeO2、MnO、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6、PO、GeO2、As2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Ta2O5、Li2O、SrO、Y2O3、HfO2、WO2、MoO2、Cr2O3、Tc2O7、ReO2、RuO2、Co3O4、OsO、RhO2、Rh2O3、PtO、PdO、CuO、Cu2O、CdO、HgO、Tl2O、Ga2O3、In2O3、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、La2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、La2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Tb4O7、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、Gd2O3Or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of oxidized multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silver oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, beryllium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, iridium oxide, scandium oxide, nickel oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, vanadium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, boron oxide, phosphorus oxide, germanium oxide, osmium oxide, rhenium oxide, platinum oxide, arsenic oxide, tantalum oxide, lithium oxide, strontium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, chromium oxide, technetium oxide, rhodium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, palladium oxide, cadmium oxide, mercury oxide, thallium oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, polonium oxide, selenium oxide, cesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, holmium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, Lutetium oxide, gadolinium oxide, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of nitride multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: TiN, Si3N4、MoN、VN、TaN、Zr3N4、HfN、FeN、NbN、GaN、CrN、AlN、InN、TixNy、SixNy、MoxNy、VxNy、TaxNy、ZrxNy、HfxNy、FexNy、NbxNy、GaxNy、CrxNy、AlxNy、InxNyOr mixtures thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not simultaneously the condition 0, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of chalcogenide multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: siySx、AlySx、TiySx、ZrySx、ZnySx、MgySx、SnySx、NbySx、CeySx、BeySx、IrySx、CaySx、ScySx、NiySx、NaySx、BaySx、KySx、PbySx、AgySx、VySx、TeySx、MnySx、BySx、PySx、GeySx、AsySx、FeySx、TaySx、LiySx、SrySx、YySx、HfySx、WySx、MoySx、CrySx、TcySx、ReySx、RuySx、CoySx、OsySx、RhySx、PtySx、PdySx、CuySx、AuySx、CdySx、HgySx、TlySx、GaySx、InySx、BiySx、SbySx、PoySx、SeySx、CsySxA mixed sulfide, or a mixture thereof; wherein X and Y are each a number from 0 to 5, and X and Y are not simultaneously the condition 0, and X ≠ 0.
According to one embodiment, examples of halide multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: BaF2、LaF3、CeF3、YF3、CaF2、MgF2、PrF3、AgCl、MnCl2、NiCl2、Hg2Cl2、CaCl2、CsPbCl3、AgBr、PbBr3、CsPbBr3、AgI、CuI、PbI、HgI2、BiI3、CH3NH3PbI3、CH3NH3PbCl3、CH3NH3PbBr3、CsPbI3、FAPbBr3(wherein FA is formamidine) or a mixture thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of multilayered materials of chalcogenide include, but are not limited to: CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CuO, Cu2O、CuS、Cu2S、CuSe、CuTe、Ag2O、Ag2S、Ag2Se、Ag2Te、Au2S、PdO、PdS、Pd4S、PdSe、PdTe、PtO、PtS、PtS2、PtSe、PtTe、RhO2、Rh2O3、RhS2、Rh2S3、RhSe2、Rh2Se3、RhTe2、IrO2、IrS2、Ir2S3、IrSe2、IrTe2、RuO2、RuS2、OsO、OsS、OsSe、OsTe、MnO、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、ReO2、ReS2、Cr2O3、Cr2S3、MoO2、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WO2、WS2、WSe2、V2O5、V2S3、Nb2O5、NbS2、NbSe2、HfO2、HfS2、TiO2、ZrO2、ZrS2、ZrSe2、ZrTe2、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Y2S3、SiO2、GeO2、GeS、GeS2、GeSe、GeSe2、GeTe、SnO2、SnS、SnS2、SnSe、SnSe2、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MgO、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、CaO、CaS、SrO、Al2O3、Ga2O3、Ga2S3、Ga2Se3、In2O3、In2S3、In2Se3、In2Te3、La2O3、La2S3、CeO2、CeS2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、NdS2、La2O3、Tl2O、Sm2O3、SmS2、Eu2O3、EuS2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、PoO2、SeO2、Cs2O、Tb4O7、TbS2、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、ErS2、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、CuInS2、CuInSe2、AgInS2、AgInSe2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeS、FeS2、Co3S4、CoSe、Co3O4、NiO、NiSe2、NiSe、Ni3Se4、Gd2O3、BeO、TeO2、Na2O、BaO、K2O、Ta2O5、Li2O、Tc2O7、As2O3、B2O3、P2O5、P2O3、P4O7、P4O8、P4O9、P2O6PO or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of phosphide multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: InP and Cd3P2、Zn3P2AlP, GaP, TlP or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of metalloid multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: si, B, Ge, As, Sb, Te or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, examples of metal alloy multilayer materials include, but are not limited to: gold-palladium, gold-silver, gold-copper, platinum-palladium, platinum-nickel, copper-silver, copper-tin, ruthenium-platinum, rhodium-platinum, copper-platinum, nickel-gold, platinum-tin, palladium-vanadium, iridium-platinum, gold-platinum, palladium-silver, copper-zinc, chromium-nickel, iron-cobalt, cobalt-nickel, iron-nickel, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material comprises garnet.
According to one embodiment, examples of garnets include, but are not limited to: y is3Al5O12、Y3Fe2(FeO4)3、Y3Fe5O12、Y4Al2O9、YAlO3、Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、Mg3Al2(SiO4)3、Mn3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3、Ca3Al2(SiO4)3、Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3、Al5Lu3O12GAL, GaYAG or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the multi-layer material comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein the thermally conductive material includes, but is not limited to: al (Al)yOx、AgyOx、CuyOx、FeyOx、SiyOx、PbyOx、CayOx、MgyOx、ZnyOx、SnyOx、TiyOx、BeyOxCdS, ZnS, ZnSe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Au, Na, Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Mg, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof; in the case where x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time and x ≠ 0, x and y are decimals from 0 to 10, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the multi-layer material comprises or consists of a thermally conductive material, wherein the thermally conductive material includes, but is not limited to: al (Al)2O3、Ag2O、Cu2O、CuO、Fe3O4、FeO、SiO2、PbO、CaO、MgO、ZnO，SnO2、TiO2BeO, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Au, Na, Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Mg, mixed oxides thereof, or mixtures thereof.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material comprises or is made of a thermally conductive material, wherein said thermally conductive material comprises, but is not limited to: aluminum oxide, silver oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium zinc selenium, cadmium zinc sulfide, gold, sodium, iron, copper, aluminum, silver, magnesium, mixed oxides or mixtures thereof.
According to another embodiment, said multilayer material is a composite material comprising at least one inorganic material and at least one polymeric material, each being a material as described above.
According to another embodiment, said multilayer material is a mixture of at least one inorganic material and at least one polymeric material, each being a material as described above.
According to one embodiment, the photochromic conversion layer 4 is coated on the surface of the rotating wheel 233 by: drop casting, spin coating, dip coating, ink jet printing, lithography, spray coating, electroplating, or by any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the spinning wheel 233 is optically transparent. In this embodiment, the rotary wheel 233 is configured for use in a penetration mode.
According to one embodiment, the rotator wheel 233 comprises an optically transparent material that allows light to pass through. In this embodiment, the rotary wheel 233 is configured to rotate the wheel 233 for use in a penetration mode.
According to one embodiment, the rotating wheel 233 comprises a light-reflective material, such as metal, aluminum, silver, glass, polymer, or plastic. In this embodiment, the rotator wheel 233 is configured for use in a reflective mode.
According to one embodiment, the rotor 233 is configured for use in a penetration mode. In this mode, at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the primary light, the secondary light and/or the generated light may be transmitted at the rotating wheel 233. In this embodiment, the transmitted light is generally directed to other components of another device to create and display a picture.
According to one embodiment, the rotator wheel 233 is operable to be used in a reflective mode. In this mode, at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the primary light, the secondary light and/or the generated light may be reflected at the rotating wheel 233. In this embodiment, the reflected light is generally directed to other components of another device to create and display a picture.
According to one embodiment, the light reflected by the rotating wheel 233 is in another direction than the direction of the incident light.
According to an embodiment, the angle between the direction of said incident light and the direction of the light reflected by the rotator wheel 233 is at least 1 °,2 °,3 °,4 °, 5 °,6 °, 7 °, 8 °, 9 °,10 °,11 °, 12 °,13 °, 14 °, 15 °,16 °, 17 °, 18 °, 19 °,20 °, 21 °, 22 °, 23 °, 24 °, 25 °, 26 °, 27 °, 28 °, 29 °, 30 °, 31 °, 32 °, 33 °, 34 °, 35 °, 36 °, 37 °, 38 °, 39 °, 40 °, 41 °, 42 °, 43 °, 44 °, 45 °, 46 °, 47 °,48 °, 49 °, 50 °, 51 °, 52 °, 53 °, 54 °, 55 °, 56 °, 57 °, 58 °, 59 °, 60 °, 61 °, 62 °, 63 °, 64 °, 65 °, 66 °, 67 °, 68 °, 69 °, 70 °, 71 °, 72 °, 73 °, or any of these angles, 74 °, 75 °, 76 °, 77 °, 78 °, 79 °, 80 °, 81 °, 82 °, 83 °, 84 °, 85 °, 86 °, 87 °, 88 °, 89 °, 90 °, 91 °, 92 °, 93 °, 94 °, 95 °, 96 °, 97 °, 98 °, 99 °, 100 °, 101 °, 102 °, 103 °, 104 °, 105 °, 106 °, 107 °, 108 °,109 °, 110 °, 111 °, 112 °, 113 °, 114 °, 115 °,116 °, 117 °, 118 °, 119 °, 120 °, 121 °, 122 °, 123 °, 124 °, 125 °, 126 °, 127 °, 128 °, 129 °,130 °, 131 °, 132 °, 133 °, 134 °, 135 °,136 °, 137 °, 138 °, 139 °, 140 °, 141 °, 142 °, 143 °, 144 °, 145 °, 146 °, 147 °, 148 °, 149 °, 150 °, 151 °, 152 °, 153 °, 154 °, 155 °, 156 °, 157, 158 °, 159 °, etc, 160 °, 161 °, 162 °, 163 °, 164 °,165 °, 166 °, 167 °, 168 °, 169 °, 170 °, 171 °, 172 °, 173 °, 174 °, 175 °, 176 °, 177 °, 178 °, 179 °, or 180 °.
According to one embodiment, the rotation of the spinning wheel 233 may be electronically controlled to select the area of the spinning wheel 233 that is illuminated and/or excited by the primary light of the light source 231.
According to one embodiment, the rotation of the spinning wheel 233 may be continuously rotated by electronic control such that the area of the spinning wheel 233 illuminated and/or excited by the primary light of the light source 231 is at a constant rotational speed.
According to one embodiment, the spinning wheel 233 is connected to a motor that acts to rotate the spinning wheel 233 about its center of mass, and the rotation speed ranges from 50 to 10000000 revolutions per second.
According to one embodiment, the motor to which the rotating wheel 233 is connected can be rotated around the center of mass at a rotation speed of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 60000, 70000, 80000, 90000, 100000, 200000, 300000, 400000, 500000, 600000, 700000, 800000, 900000, 1000000, 2000000, 3000000, 4000000, 5000000, 6000000, 7000000, 8000000, 9000000, or 10000000 revolutions per second.
According to one embodiment shown in fig. 8 and 13B, the rotating wheel 233 is used in a transmissive mode. If at least one area of the rotating wheel 233 is illuminated and/or excited by the primary light emitted by the light source 231 and contains at least one luminescent material 7, secondary light can be emitted which penetrates the rotating wheel 233. If at least one area of the rotating wheel 233 is illuminated and/or excited by the primary light emitted by the light source 231 and does not contain the luminescent material 7 or contains an optically transparent material or is hollow, the primary light may penetrate the rotating wheel 233 without emitting any secondary light. The light intensity of each color can be controlled by the pulse frequency or number of pulses of the laser, so that each complete rotation of the rotating wheel 233 can display a different picture. In this embodiment, the rotator wheel 233 preferably includes a photochromic conversion layer, wherein: at least one region contains a luminescent material 7 and emits red secondary light; at least one region contains a luminescent material 7 and emits green secondary light; and at least one area of non-luminescent material 7, such that said area transmits primary light, preferably blue primary light.
According to one embodiment shown in fig. 10 and 13A, the rotator wheel 233 is configured for use in a reflective mode as described above. If at least one area of the rotating wheel 233 is illuminated and/or excited by the primary light emitted by the light source 231 and contains at least one luminescent material 7, secondary light may be reflected and emitted. If at least one area of the rotating wheel 233 is illuminated and/or excited by the primary light emitted by the light source 231 and does not contain the luminescent material 7 or contains an optically transparent material or is hollow, the primary light may be reflected by the rotating wheel 233 without emitting any secondary light. The light intensity of each color can be controlled by the pulse frequency or number of pulses of the laser, so that each complete rotation of the rotating wheel 233 can display a different picture.
According to one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the display device 230 further comprises at least one wavelength separator system 24, at least one wavelength mixer system 25 and/or at least one mirror 26. The emitted light, depending on their color or wavelength, may be directed in different directions, for example using a wavelength separator system 24. The different light may then be recombined by a wavelength mixer system 25 after being refracted and reflected by a mirror 26 or other wavelength separator system 24. In this way, the path length of each light color can be controlled. The light intensity of each color can be controlled by the pulse frequency or the number of pulses of the laser before the color recombination, so that different pictures can be displayed after each complete rotation of the rotating wheel 233.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 includes color filters.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 includes an optical element 235, such as an optical lens or a series of optical lenses, for focusing the light generated by the rotating wheel 233 including the photochromic conversion layer 4.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 further comprises an optical modulation system 236, such as an electron micro-mirror device known to those skilled in the art, for projecting the generated light in the direction of the screen 238.
The electron micro-mirror device, according to one embodiment, may have several or millions of micro-mirrors 2391 on its surface, which correspond to the pixels of the image to be displayed, and are arranged in a rectangular array or a square array. Each micro-mirror may be independently rotated through an angle of 10-12 degrees, which corresponds to an ON or OFF state. In the ON state, light reflected from the electron micro-mirror device is reflected onto optical assembly 235 such that the opposite pixel appears bright ON the screen. In the OFF state, light is reflected in another direction (typically on the heat sink) so that the opposite pixel appears dark. To produce a gray scale, the mirror is switched very rapidly between ON and OFF, with a different gray scale being produced by the ratio of ON time to OFF time.
According to one embodiment, the angle formed by the light 234 obtained from the rotating wheel 233 and the surface of the optical modulation system 236 is 10 °, 15 °,20 °, 25 °, 30 °, 35 °, 40 °, 45 °, 50 °, 55 °, 60 °, 65 °, 70 °, 75 °, or 80 °.
According to one embodiment, the mirror of the electron micro-mirror device may be made of aluminum or silver.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 further comprises at least one color filter between the rotating wheel 233 and the optical modulation system 236.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 further comprises an electronic system that functions to synchronize the rotating wheel 233, the light source 231 and the optical modulation system 236 to display images, a succession of pictures or video on the screen 238.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 further comprises an electronic system which functions to synchronize the rotating wheel 233 and the light source 231 to display images, a succession of pictures or video on the screen 238.
According to one embodiment, display device 230 further comprises additional optical components 235 between the electron micro-mirror device and screen 238.
Thus, according to one embodiment, primary light 232 emitted by light source 231 may illuminate and/or excite the light color conversion layer 4 of the present invention contained on the spinning wheel 233. Wherein at least one luminescent material 7 comprised by the light-color conversion layer 4 is excited and emits a secondary light with a different wavelength 234 with respect to the primary light. The resulting light is focused on optical assembly 235 and reflected by the electron micro-mirror device. The resulting light then passes through a second optical assembly 235 and forms a beam 237 of an image, which is projected onto a screen 238.
In another aspect, shown in FIG. 11A, the present invention also relates to a display device 230 comprising at least one light source 231, and an electron micro-mirror device 239 comprising at least one light color conversion layer 4 according to the present invention, wherein said at least one light source 231 is operative to illuminate and/or excite said at least one light color conversion layer 4. The primary light provided by the light source 232 illuminates the electron micro-mirror device 239 including the at least one light color conversion layer 4.
According to one embodiment, the light source 231 is as described above.
According to an embodiment, the at least one primary light provided by the light source 231 is as described above.
The electron micro-mirror device 239 is known to those skilled in the art according to one embodiment.
The electron micro-mirror device 239 can have several or millions of micro-mirrors 2391 on its surface that correspond to pixels of an image to be displayed and are arranged in a rectangular array or a square array, according to one embodiment. Each micro-mirror may be independently rotated through an angle of 10-12 degrees, which corresponds to an ON or OFF state. In the ON state, light reflected from the electron micro-mirror device is reflected onto optical assembly 235 such that the opposite pixel appears bright ON the screen. In the OFF state, light is reflected in another direction (typically on the heat sink) so that the opposite pixel appears dark. To produce a gray scale, the mirror is switched very rapidly between ON and OFF, with a different gray scale being produced by the ratio of ON time to OFF time.
According to one embodiment, the micromirror device 239 includes a material that reflects light, such as a metal material (like aluminum and silver), glass, polymer or plastic.
According to one embodiment, the electron micro-mirror device 239 reflects at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of the primary light, the secondary light, and/or the output light. In this embodiment, the reflected light is generally directed to other components of the device to form and display the picture.
According to one embodiment, the direction of the reflected light of the electron micro-mirror device 239 is different from the direction of the incident light.
According to one embodiment, the electron micro-mirror device 239 functions to reflect light in a direction toward the screen 238.
According to one embodiment, each of the tiny mirrors of the electron micro-mirror device 2391 corresponds to a pixel in the image to be displayed.
According to one embodiment, each of the tiny mirrors of the electron micro-mirror device 2391 corresponds to a sub-pixel in the image to be displayed.
According to one embodiment, each of the tiny mirrors of the micromirror device 2391 includes at least one light emitting material 7 that emits secondary light of only one color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, each of the tiny mirrors of the micromirror device 2391 includes at least one light emitting material 7 emitting a secondary light of a different color or wavelength.
According to one embodiment, the micro mirrors of the micromirror device 2391 comprise at least one light-emitting material, and some of the micro mirrors 2392 are free of light-emitting material 7, and are empty or optically transparent.
In the micromirror device 2392, the empty or optically transparent micromirror 2391 without the luminescent material 7 is irradiated by the primary light to reflect it and does not emit any secondary light.
According to one embodiment shown in FIG. 11B, each pixel in the image to be displayed is formed by at least three sub-pixels: the first corresponds to a tiny mirror 2392 that is empty, or optically transparent, that does not contain the luminescent material 7; a second one corresponding to a minute mirror 2391 comprising an emitting material 7 emitting red light, and a third one corresponding to a minute mirror 2391 comprising a luminescent material 7 emitting green light. In this embodiment, the pixels emit light of single color and multiple colors depending ON the ON and OFF states of the minute mirrors 2391. The electron micro-mirror device 239 includes tiny mirrors (2392, 2391) on a carrier 2393. The micro mirror 2391 of the electron micro mirror device comprises at least one luminescent material 7 emitting secondary light of only one color or wavelength, while the micro mirror 2392 of the electron micro mirror device is free of luminescent material 7 (empty or optically transparent) such that the primary light is reflected by said micro mirror 2391 without emitting any secondary light. The possible light paths from the light source and the possible light paths for the secondary or primary light are labeled 232 and 234, respectively.
According to one embodiment, each pixel in the image to be displayed is formed by at least three sub-pixels: the first one corresponding to a tiny mirror 2391 comprising empty or optically transparent or containing blue luminescent material 7, the second one corresponding to a tiny mirror 2391 comprising luminescent material 7 emitting red light, and the third one corresponding to a tiny mirror 2391 comprising luminescent material 7 emitting green light. In this embodiment, in the ON and OFF states of the tiny mirror 2391, the corresponding pixels can emit single color and multi-color.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits red light and has a maximum emission wavelength between 610nm and 2500nm, more preferably between 610nm and 660 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits green light and has a maximum emission wavelength between 500nm and 565nm, more preferably between 510nm and 545 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits orange light and has a maximum emission wavelength between 586nm and 609nm, more preferably between 590nm and 605 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits yellow light and has a maximum emission wavelength between 566nm and 585nm, more preferably between 570nm and 585 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits blue light and has a maximum emission wavelength between 440nm and 499nm, more preferably between 450nm and 490 nm.
According to one embodiment, the luminescent material 7 emits violet light and has a maximum emission wavelength between 380nm and 439nm, more preferably between 410nm and 439 nm.
According to one embodiment, the thickness of the luminescent material 7 is 1 micrometer to 1 centimeter, 10 micrometers to 1 millimeter or from 100 micrometers to 1000 micrometers.
According to one embodiment, the difference between the refractive indices of the electron micro-mirror device 239 and the color conversion layer 4 at 450nm is less than 1, less than 0.8, less than 0.6, less than 0.4, less than 0.2, less than 0.1, less than 0.08, less than 0.06, less than 0.04, less than 0.02, less than 0.01, less than 0.005, less than 0.001, or equal to 0.
According to one embodiment, the electron micro-mirror device 239 is a multi-layer material as described above.
According to one embodiment, the multilayer material is a polymer as described above.
According to another embodiment, the multilayer material is an inorganic material as described above.
According to another embodiment, the multilayer material is a composite material comprising at least one inorganic material and at least one polymeric material, each as described above.
According to another embodiment, the multilayer material is a mixture of at least one inorganic material and at least one polymeric material, each as described above.
According to one embodiment, when the photochromic conversion layer 4 is coated on the surface of the electron micro-mirror device 239, the following method can be used: drop casting, spin coating, dip coating, ink jet printing, lithography, spray coating, electroplating or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
According to one embodiment, the display device 230 includes color filters.
According to one embodiment, display apparatus 230 further comprises an electronic system that functions to synchronize the electronic micromirror device 239 and the light source 231 to display images, a succession of pictures, or video on screen 238.
According to one embodiment, display device 230 further comprises additional optical components 235 between the electron micro-mirror device and screen 238.
According to one embodiment, the additional optical component 235 may focus the light generated by the electron micro-mirror device 239 included in the color conversion layer 4, such as an optical lens or a series of optical lenses.
According to one embodiment, display device 230 further comprises at least one color filter between electron micro-mirror device 239 and additional optical component 235.
Thus, according to one embodiment, the primary light 232 emitted by the light source 231 through the optical component 235 may illuminate and/or excite the tiny mirrors of the electron micro-mirror device 2391, wherein each tiny mirror 2391 corresponds to one sub-pixel in the image to be displayed and comprises at least one luminescent material 7 of the light color conversion layer 4 of the present invention or does not contain a luminescent material 7. When the primary light excites the at least one luminescent material 7, it emits at least one secondary light. The generated light is then reflected onto the surface of the tiny mirror 2391, passes through the second optical component 235 and is projected on the screen 238 to form a clear image visible to the human eye.
While various embodiments have been described and illustrated, this detailed description should not be construed as limited to such. Various modifications may be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the claims defined by the invention and its true spirit.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a composite particle comprising a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.
Fig. 2A shows a composite particle comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.
Fig. 2B shows a composite particle comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.
Fig. 3 shows a composite particle comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles and a plurality of 2D nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.
Fig. 4 shows a composite particle comprising: a core comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material; and a shell comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.
Fig. 5 shows different types of nanoparticles 3.
Fig. 5A shows core nanoparticle 33 without a shell.
Fig. 5B shows a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle 3 with one shell 34.
Fig. 5C shows a nanoparticle 3 with a core 33/shell (34, 35) and two different shells (34, 35).
Fig. 5D shows a nanoparticle 3 of core 33/shell (34, 35, 36) with two different shells (34, 35) and coated with an oxide insulator shell 36.
Fig. 5E shows core 33/corona 37 nanoparticle 32.
Fig. 5F shows a cross-sectional view of a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle 32 with one shell 34.
Fig. 5G shows a cross-sectional view 33 of the core/nanoparticle 32 of the shell (34, 35) with two different shells (34, 35).
Fig. 5H shows a cross-sectional view 33 of the core/shell (34, 35, 36) of a nanoparticle 32 having two distinct shells (34, 35) and coated with an oxide insulator shell 36.
Fig. 6 shows a luminescent material 7.
Fig. 6A shows a luminescent material 7 comprising a medium 71 and at least one composite particle 1 according to the invention, wherein the composite particle 1 comprises a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.
Fig. 6B shows that the luminescent material 7 comprises a medium 71; at least one composite particle 1 of the present invention comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2; a plurality of particles comprising an inorganic material 21; and a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32.
FIG. 7A shows a light color converting layer as described herein.
FIG. 7B shows a light color conversion layer as described herein.
Fig. 7C shows a luminescent material comprising at least two media.
Fig. 7D shows a luminescent material comprising at least two media.
FIG. 8 shows a display device in which a light color conversion layer is deposited on a rotating wheel and excited by a light source.
FIG. 9 shows a display device in which a light color conversion layer is deposited on a rotating wheel and excited by a light source.
FIG. 10 shows a display device in which a light color conversion layer is deposited on a rotating wheel and excited by a light source. The rotating wheel is configured to act in a reflective mode.
Fig. 11A shows a display device including a digital micromirror assembly according to the present invention.
Fig. 11B illustrates a digital micromirror assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 shows a rotating wheel with a photochromic conversion layer formed as a ring on the rotating wheel.
FIG. 13 shows a display device in which a color conversion layer is deposited on a rotating wheel to form a ring and is excited by a light source.
Fig. 14 is a TEM image showing nanoparticles (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in an inorganic material (light contrast).
FIG. 14A is a TEM image showing uniform dispersion in SiO2(Bright contrast-SiO2) CdSe/CdSnS nanosheets (dark contrast).
FIG. 14B is a TEM image showing uniform dispersion in SiO2(Bright contrast-SiO2) CdSe/CdSnS nanosheets (dark contrast).
FIG. 14C is a TEM image showing uniform dispersion in Al2O3(Bright contrast- @ Al2O3) CdSe/CdSnS nanosheets (dark contrast).
FIG. 15 shows N of the composite particle 12Adsorption and desorption curves.
FIG. 15A shows composite particles 1CdSe/CdZnS @ SiO prepared from aqueous alkaline and acidic solutions2N of (A)2Adsorption and desorption curves.
FIG. 15B shows composite particles 1CdSe/CdZnS @ Al obtained by heating the droplets at 150 deg.C, 300 deg.C and 550 deg.C2O3N of (A)2Adsorption and desorption curves.
Detailed Description
Example 1: preparation of inorganic nanoparticles
The nanoparticles used in the examples herein were prepared according to methods of the art (Lhuillier E.et al, Acc.chem.Res.,2015,48(1), pp 22-30; Pedetti S.et al, J.am.chem.Soc.,2014,136(46), pp 16430-16438; Ithurria S.et al, J.am.chem.Soc.,2008,130, 16504-16505; Nasilowski M.et al, chem.Rev.2016,116, 10934-10982).
The nanoparticles used in the examples herein are selected from: CdSe/CdSn, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdSn, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdSn, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdSn, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanosheets or quantum dots, or mixtures thereof.
Example 2: exchange ligands for phase transfer in aqueous alkaline solutions
100 μ L of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with 3-mercaptopropionic acid and heated at 60 ℃ for several hours. The nanoparticles were then precipitated by centrifugation and redispersed in dimethylformamide. Potassium tert-butoxide was added to the solution, followed by ethanol and centrifugation. The final colloidal nanoparticles were redispersed in water.
Example 3: exchange ligands for phase transfer in acidic aqueous solutions
100 μ L of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an aqueous alkaline solution were mixed with ethanol and centrifuged. The PEG-based polymer was dissolved in water and then added to the precipitated nanoplatelets. Acetic acid was dissolved in the colloidal suspension to control the acidic pH.
Example 4: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS @ SiO from alkaline aqueous solution2
100 μ L of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in an aqueous alkaline solution were mixed with a 0.13M aqueous TEOS alkaline solution, hydrolyzed in advance for 24 hours, and then charged into a spray-drying apparatus. The mixed liquid was sprayed into a tube furnace heated to a temperature of from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃ under a nitrogen stream. The composite particles are collected on the surface of the filter.
FIGS. 14A-B are TEM images of the resulting particles.
FIG. 15A shows N in the obtained particles2Adsorption profile. The particles obtained are porous.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 5: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS @ SiO from acidic aqueous solution2
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L of an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with 0.13M TEOS acidic aqueous solution previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. The liquid mixture is sprayed by means of a stream of nitrogen gas into a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which is maintained from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. The resulting composite particles were collected from the surface of the filter.
FIG. 15A shows N in the obtained particles2Adsorption and desorption curves. The resulting particles are not porous.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 6: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS @ Si from acidic aqueous solution containing hetero elementsxCdyZnzOw
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L of an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with a 0.13M aqueous acidic TEOS solution containing 0.01M cadmium acetate, 0.01M zinc oxide, and pre-hydrolyzed for 24 hours, and then mounted on a spray-drying apparatus. The liquid mixture is sprayed by means of a stream of nitrogen gas into a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which is maintained from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. The resulting composite particles were collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 7: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS @ Al2O3 from organic and aqueous solutions
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane, were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and 5mL pentane, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and charged into the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the heptane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
Fig. 14C is a TEM image of the resulting particles.
FIG. 15B shows N values of particles obtained by heating the droplets at 150 deg.C, 300 deg.C and 550 deg.C in this example2Adsorption and desorption curves. Increasing the heating temperature results in a decrease in porosity. Thus, particles obtained by heating at 150 ℃ are porous, whereas particles obtained by heating at 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ are not porous.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and SiO2、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or a mixture thereof in place of Al2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
In place of Al, the same preparation procedure may be carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 8: preparation of composite particles-InP/ZnS @ Al from organic and aqueous solutions2O3
InP/ZnS nanoparticles suspended in 4mL heptane were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, and 400mL pentane, and then loaded into a spray-drying apparatus. At the same time, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the heptane solution. Both liquids were simultaneously sprayed with a nitrogen flow, but using different drop generators, towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2/ZnS、InP/CdS、InP/ZnS、InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, ZnS/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/CdZnS/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, ZnS/CdS/ZnS/CdS/ZnS, CdS/, Instead of InP/ZnS nanosheets, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots, or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure was also carried out using organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof, instead of InP/ZnS nanoplates.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and SiO2、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or a mixture thereof in place of Al2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
In place of Al, the same preparation procedure may be carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 9: preparation of composite particles-CH from organic and aqueous solutions5N2-PbBr3@Al2O3
CH suspended in 100. mu.L hexane5N2-PbBr3Nanoparticles were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and 5mL of hexane and then mounted on a spray-drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and charged into the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the hexane solution. Both liquids were simultaneously sprayed with a nitrogen flow, but using different drop generators, towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and SiO2、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or a mixture thereof in place of Al2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
In place of Al, the same preparation procedure may be carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 10: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS-Au @ SiO from acidic aqueous solutions2
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L of an acidic aqueous solution, 100. mu.L of a gold nanoparticle solution, and 0.13M of a TEOS acidic aqueous solution previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours were mixed, and then loaded on a spray-drying apparatus. The liquid mixture is sprayed by means of a stream of nitrogen gas into a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which is maintained from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. The resulting composite particles were collected from the surface of the filter. The composite particles are collected on the surface of the GaN substrate. Then, the GaN substrate deposited with the composite particles is cut into units of 1mm × 1mm, and connected to an electrical circuit to obtain an LED emitting light color mixing blue light and fluorescent nanoparticles.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or mixtures thereof in place of SiO2The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
In place of SiO, the same preparation procedure is also carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 11: preparation of composite particles-Fe from organic and aqueous solutions3O4@SiO2-CdSe/CdZnS@Al2O3
On one side, Fe suspended in 100. mu.L of an acidic aqueous solution3O4The nanoparticles were mixed with 0.13M aqueous TEOS acidic solution previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours and then loaded on a spray drying apparatus. On the other hand, CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L of heptane were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and 5mL of heptane and charged into the same spray-drying apparatus but at a different location than the aqueous solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter. The composite particles comprise Fe3O4SiO of particles2A core, and an alumina shell containing CdSe/CdSnS nanosheets.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and SiO2、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or a mixture thereof in place of Al2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
In place of Al, the same preparation procedure may be carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 12: preparation of composite particles-CdS/ZnS nanosheet @ Al from organic solution and aqueous solution2O3
CdS/ZnS nanosheets suspended in 4mL heptane were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. On the other side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the heptane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2/ZnS、InP/CdS、InP/ZnS、InZnP/ZnS、InP/ZnSeS、InP/ZnSe、InP/CdZnS、CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS/CdS/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, or the dots or the like Mixture, with substitution (where CdSe/ZnS nanosheets.
The same preparation procedure also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and SiO2、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or a mixture thereof in place of Al2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
In place of Al, the same preparation procedure may be carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2O3The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 13: preparation of composite particles-InP/ZnS @ SiO from acidic aqueous solution2
InP/ZnS nanoparticles suspended in 100mL of an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with a 0.13M aqueous TEOS acidic solution previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, and then mounted on a spray-drying apparatus. The liquid mixture is sprayed by a stream of nitrogen gas into a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which is maintained within the range from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of InP/ZnS nanoparticles, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots, or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure was also carried out using organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof, instead of InP/ZnS nanoparticles.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO or mixtures thereof in place of SiO2The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
The same preparation procedure also uses metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metal material and metal alloyGold, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gemstones, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof, instead of SiO2The process is carried out. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 14: preparation of composite particles from organic and aqueous solutions, and subsequent treatment with ammonia vapor-CdSe/CdZnS @ ZnO
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane, mixed with zinc methoxyethanolate and 5mL pentane, were then loaded into the spray drying apparatus described in this invention. On the other side, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but installed at a different location than the pentane solution. On the other side, the ammonium hydroxide solution was loaded on the same spray drying system with its loading position between the tube furnace and the filter. The first two liquids were sprayed as described previously towards a heated tube furnace, and the third was heated by an external heating system at 35 ℃ to generate ammonia vapor, where the temperature of the heated tube furnace ranged from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure also uses ZnTe and SiO2、TiO2、HfO2、ZnSe、Al2O3ZnS or MgO or a mixture thereof instead of ZnO. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
The same preparation procedure is also carried out using, instead of ZnO, metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof. The reaction temperature in the above-mentioned preparation procedure is adjusted depending on the selected inorganic material.
Example 15: preparing composite particles from organic and aqueous solutions and adding an additional shell coating-CdSe/CdZnS @ Al2O3@MgO
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane, were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and 5mL pentane, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the pentane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. The resulting composite particles are then collected from the surface of the filter. The particles are then directed toward another tube such that the particles are coated with an additional MgO shell by the ALD process on the surface of the particles, and the particles are suspended in the gas. Finally, the particles are collected from the inner wall of the ALD tube.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 16: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS-Fe from organic and aqueous solutions3O4@SiO2
On one side, CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L of an acidic aqueous solution and 100. mu.L of Fe3O4The nanoparticles were mixed with 0.13M acidic aqueous TEOS solution, which was previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution is prepared and charged into the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the aqueous acidic solution. Both liquids were simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which was maintained from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, fromThe resulting composite particles were collected on the surface of a filter.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 17: preparation of core/Shell particles from organic and aqueous solutions-Au @ Al2O3As a nucleus, CdSe/CdZnS @ SiO2Is a shell
On one side, CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L of an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with 0.13M TEOS acidic aqueous solution previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. On the other side, Au nanoparticles suspended in 100. mu.L heptane were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and 5mL pentane and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus but in a different location than the acidic aqueous solution. Both liquids were simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which was maintained from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter. The particles comprise a core of alumina containing gold nanoparticles, and a shell of silica containing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 18: preparation of composite particles-phosphorescent nanoparticles @ SiO2
The phosphorescent nanoparticles suspended in an aqueous alkaline solution were mixed with an aqueous 0.13M TEOS alkaline solution that was previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. The liquid mixture is sprayed by means of a stream of nitrogen gas into a heated tube furnace, the temperature of which is maintained from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The phosphorescent nanoparticles used in this example were: nanoparticles of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y)3Al5O12) (Ca, Y) - α -SiAlON: Eu, and a salt thereof (Y, Gd)3(Al、Ga)5O12Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN3Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS Mn4+Nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).
Example 19: preparation of composite particles-phosphorescent nanoparticles @ Al2O3
Phosphorescent nanoparticles suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and 400mL heptane and mounted in a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and charged into the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the heptane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The phosphorescent nanoparticles used in this example were: nanoparticles of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y)3Al5O12) (Ca, Y) - α -SiAlON: Eu, and a salt thereof (Y, Gd)3(Al、Ga)5O12Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN3Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS Mn4+Nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).
Example 20: preparation of composite particles-CdSe/CdZnS @ HfO2
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane were mixed with hafnium n-butoxide and 5mL pentane, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the pentane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The same preparation procedure also uses CdSe and CdS、CdTe、CdSe/CdS、CdSe/ZnS、CdSe/CdZnS、CdS/ZnS、CdS/CdZnS、CdTe/ZnS、CdTe/CdZnS、CdSeS/ZnS、CdSeS/CdS、CdSeS/CdZnS、CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
Example 21: preparation of composite particles-phosphorescent nanoparticles @ HfO2
Phosphorescent nanoparticles suspended in 1 μ L heptane (10mg/mL) (see Table below), mixed with hafnium n-butoxide and 5mL pentane, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous solution was prepared and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the pentane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting phosphor particles @ HfO are collected from the surface of the filter2Particles.
The phosphorescent nanoparticles used in this example were: nanoparticles of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y)3Al5O12) (Ca, Y) - α -SiAlON: Eu, and a salt thereof (Y, Gd)3(Al、Ga)5O12Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN3Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS Mn4+Nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).
Example 22: preparation of composite particles from organometallic precursors
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane, were mixed with the following organometallic precursors and 5mL pentane under a specific ambient atmosphere, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. At the same time, an aqueous alkaline solution was prepared and charged to the same spray-drying apparatus, but at a different location than the pentane solution. Both liquids are simultaneously sprayed with a stream of nitrogen gas towards a heated tube furnace, at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
This example was performed using organometallic precursors selected from the following: al [ N (SiMe)3)2]3Trimethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, triphenyl, dimethylaluminum, trimethylzinc, dimethylzinc, diethylzinc, Zn [ (N (TMS))2]2、Zn[(CF3SO2)2N]2、Zn(Ph)2、Zn(C6F5)2、Zn(TMHD)2(β-diketonate)、Hf[C5H4(CH3)]2(CH3)2、HfCH3(OCH3)[C5H4(CH3)]2、[[(CH3)3Si]2N]2HfCl2、(C5H5)2Hf(CH3)2、[(CH2CH3)2N]4Hf、[(CH3)2N]4Hf、[(CH3)2N]4Hf、[(CH3)(C2H5)N]4Hf、[(CH3)(C2H5)N]4Hf、2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione zirconium(Zr(THD)4)、C10H12Zr、Zr(CH3C5H4)2CH3OCH3、C22H36Zr、[(C2H5)2N]4Zr、[(CH3)2N]4Zr、[(CH3)2N]4Zr、Zr(NCH3C2H5)4、Zr(NCH3C2H5)4、C18H32O6Zr、Zr(C8H15O2)4、Zr(OCC(CH3)3CHCOC(CH3)3)4、Mg(C5H5)2Or C20H30Mg or mixtures thereof. The reaction temperature in the above preparation process is adjusted according to the organometallic precursor selected.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same procedure, ZnO and TiO are also used2、MgO、HfO2Or ZrO2Or mixtures thereof in place of Al2O3The process is carried out.
In place of Al, the same preparation procedure may be carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof2O3The process is carried out.
In the same procedure, instead of an aqueous solution, another liquid or vapor is used as the oxidation source.
Example 23: preparation of composite particles from organometallic precursors-CdSe/CdZnS @ ZnTe
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane were mixed with the following two organometallic precursors dissolved in pentane under an inert atmosphere, and then mounted on a spray drying apparatus. The suspension was sprayed by means of a nitrogen stream into a tube furnace which was warmed from room temperature to 300 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The first organometallic precursor used in the preparation process is selected from the group consisting of: dimethyl telluride, diethyl telluride, diisopropyl telluride, di-tert-butyl telluride, diallyl telluride, methallyl telluride, dimethyl selenide or dimethyl sulfide. The reaction temperature in the above preparation process is adjusted according to the selected organometallic precursor.
The second organometallic precursor used in the preparation process is selected from the group consisting of: dimethylzinc, trimethylzinc, diethylzinc, Zn [ (N (TMS))2]2、Zn[(CF3SO2)2N]2、Zn(Ph)2、Zn(C6F5)2Or Zn (TMHD)2(β-diketonate). The reaction temperature in the above preparation process is adjusted according to the selected organometallic precursor.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure was also carried out using ZnS or ZnSe or a mixture thereof in place of ZnTe.
The same preparation procedure is also carried out using, instead of ZnTe, metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gems, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof.
Example 24: preparation of composite particles from organometallic precursors-CdSe/CdZnS @ ZnS
CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets suspended in 100. mu.L heptane were mixed with an organometallic precursor dissolved in pentane under an inert atmosphere and then loaded into a spray drying apparatus. The suspension was sprayed by means of a nitrogen stream into a tube furnace which was warmed from room temperature to 300 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter. At the same time, the same spray-drying apparatus is provided with an H2A vapor source of S. The suspension was sprayed by means of a nitrogen stream into a tube furnace which was warmed from room temperature to 300 ℃. Finally, the resulting composite particles are collected from the surface of the filter.
The organometallic precursor used in the preparation process is selected from the group consisting of: dimethylzinc, trimethylzinc, diethylzinc, Zn [ (N (TMS))2]2、Zn[(CF3SO2)2N]2、Zn(Ph)2、Zn(C6F5)2Or Zn (TMHD)2(β -diketonate.) the reaction temperature in the foregoing preparation procedure is adjusted according to the organometallic precursor selected.
The same preparation procedure also used CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CuInS2/ZnS、CuInSe2InP/ZnS, InP/CdS, InInP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeZnSe/CdS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, GaP/InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS/CdS, InP/ZnS, InP/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/, Instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanosheets, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS nanosheets or quantum dots or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure, instead of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplates, also uses organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, non-metal nanoparticles, metal alloy nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, phosphorescent nanoparticles, perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, for example oxide nanoparticles, cemented carbide nanoparticles, nitrided nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
The same preparation procedure was also carried out using ZnTe or ZnSe or mixtures thereof instead of ZnS.
The same preparation procedure is also carried out using metallic materials, halide materials, chalcogenide materials, phosphide materials, sulfide materials, metallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials such as oxides, carbides, nitrides, glasses, enamels, ceramics, stones, gemstones, pigments, cements and/or inorganic polymers or mixtures thereof, instead of ZnS.
Same procedure for preparation, also using H2Se、H2Te or other gases in place of H2And S is carried out.
Example 25: preparation of the photochromic conversion layer
Encapsulating the inclusions in Al2O3The blue luminescent composite material particle of the CdS/ZnS core-shell nanosheet comprises Al encapsulated in2O3A green luminescent composite particle of CdSeS/CdZnS core-shell nanosheet, and a luminescent composite particle comprising a core-shell nanosheet encapsulated in Al2O3The red luminescent composite particles of the CdSe/CdZnS core-shell nanosheets in (b) are dispersed in silicone resin respectively and deposited on an annular optically transparent rotating wheel so that the composite particles have a film thickness of about 50-150 μm and are uniformly distributed in three regions along the ring to obtain a region coated with green luminescent composite particles, a region coated with blue luminescent composite particles and a region coated with red luminescent composite particles. The wheel was then annealed at 150 c for 2 hours and then used in the display device of the present invention where a UV laser source was used as the excitation light source. Depending on the region irradiated with the ultraviolet rays emitted from the laser light source, the generated light is blue, green, and red.
By using resin, ZnO, MgO, PMMA, polystyrene, Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2Or ZrO2Or mixtures thereof, instead of silicone, to perform the same steps.
Using the composite particles prepared in the previous examples, the same procedure was performed in this example.
Example 26: preparation of the photochromic conversion layer
Respectively dispersing a green-emitting core-shell CdSeS/CdSnZnS nanosheet and a red-emitting core-shell CdSe/CdSnZnS nanosheet in silicone resin and depositing the same on an annular optically transparent rotating wheel to enable the film thickness of the composite material particles to be about 50-150 mu m and to be uniformly distributed in three regions along the ring so as to obtain an uncoated region, a region coated with the green-emitting composite material particles and a region coated with the red-emitting composite material particles. The wheel was then annealed at 150 c for 2 hours and then used in the display device of the present invention, in which a blue laser source was used as an excitation light source. Depending on the area illuminated by the blue light emitted from the laser source, the generated light is blue, green, and red.
By using resin, ZnO, MgO, PMMA, polystyrene, Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2Or ZrO2Or mixtures thereof, instead of silicone, to perform the same steps.
Using the composite particles prepared in the previous examples, the same procedure was carried out in this example
Example 26: preparation of the photochromic conversion layer
Encapsulating the inclusions in Al2O3A green luminescent composite particle of CdSeS/CdZnS core-shell nanosheet, and a luminescent composite particle comprising a core-shell nanosheet encapsulated in Al2O3Red luminescent composite particles of the CdSe/CdSnZnS core-shell nanosheets in the zinc oxide matrix are respectively dispersed in the zinc oxide matrix and deposited on an annular optically transparent rotating wheel, so that the thickness of the composite particles is about 50-150 μm and uniformly distributed in three regions along the ring to obtain an uncoated region, a region coated with green luminescent composite particles, and a region coated with green luminescent composite particlesA region coated with red-emitting composite particles. The wheel was then annealed at 150 c for 2 hours and then used in the display device of the present invention, in which a blue laser source was used as an excitation light source. Depending on the area illuminated by the blue light emitted from the laser source, the generated light is blue, green, and red.
By using resin, silicone resin, MgO, PMMA, polystyrene, Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2Or ZrO2Or a mixture thereof, in place of ZnO, the same procedure is performed.
Using the composite particles prepared in the previous examples, the same procedure was carried out in this example
Example 28: preparation of the photochromic conversion layer
Respectively encapsulating the gold-containing nano-particles in SiO2The medium core and the core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanosheets are encapsulated in Al2O3In the green luminescent composite material particle and the nano-sheet containing core-shell CdSe/CdSnZnS encapsulated in Al2O3The red-emitting composite particles in (a) are dispersed in silicone resin, respectively, and deposited on an annular optically transparent rotating wheel such that the composite particles have a film thickness of about 50 to 150 μm and are uniformly distributed in three regions along the ring to obtain an uncoated region, a region coated with green-emitting composite particles, and a region coated with red-emitting composite particles. The wheel was then annealed at 150 c for 2 hours and then used in the display device of the present invention, in which a blue laser source was used as an excitation light source. Depending on the area illuminated by the blue light emitted from the laser source, the generated light is blue, green, and red. By using resin, ZnO, PMMA, MgO, polystyrene, Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2Or ZrO2Or mixtures thereof, instead of silicone, to perform the same steps.
Using the composite particles prepared in the previous examples, the same procedure was performed in this example.
Example 29: preparation of the photochromic conversion layer
Including encapsulation in SiO2Green luminescent composite particles of InP/ZnS core-shell quantum dots and luminescent composite particles comprising InP/ZnS core-shell quantum dots encapsulated in SiO2Red-emitting composite particles of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots in (b) are dispersed in silicone resin and deposited on an optically transparent rotating wheel in a ring shape so that the composite particles have a film thickness of about 50 to 150 μm and are uniformly distributed in three regions along the ring to obtain an uncoated region, a region coated with green-emitting composite particles, and a region coated with red-emitting composite particles. The wheel was then annealed at 150 c for 2 hours and then used in the display device of the present invention, in which a blue laser source was used as an excitation light source. Depending on the area illuminated by the blue light emitted from the laser source, the generated light is blue, green, and red.
By using resin, ZnO, PMMA, MgO, polystyrene, Al2O3、TiO2、HfO2Or ZrO2Or mixtures thereof, instead of silicone, to perform the same steps.
Using the composite particles prepared in the previous examples, the same procedure was performed in this example.
Description of the symbols
1-composite particles
11-core of composite particles
12-shells of composite particles
2-inorganic material
21-inorganic material
3-nanoparticles
31-spherical nanoparticles
32-2D nanoparticles
33-core of nanoparticles
34-shell of nanoparticle
35-shell of nanoparticle
36-insulator shell of nanoparticles
37-corona of nanoparticles
4-photochromic conversion layer
7-luminescent materials
71-media
72-media
230-display device
231-light source
232-possible path of the primary light from the light source
233-rotating wheel comprising at least one area containing a light color conversion layer
234-possible light paths for the secondary or primary light
235-optical assembly
236-optical modulation system
237-possible paths for Forming an image
238-Screen
239-digital micromirror assembly
2391 micromirror of digital micromirror device
2392 micromirrors of the digital micromirror device, without luminescent material, are hollow or optically transparent
2393 micro mirror carrier
24-wavelength splitter system
25-wavelength synthesis system
26-mirror

Claims (16)

1. A light-color conversion layer (4) comprising at least one luminescent material (7) comprising composite particles (1) at least partially or completely surrounded by at least one medium (71); wherein the at least one luminescent material (7) is operative to be excited to emit secondary light and the at least one composite particle (1) comprises a plurality of nanoparticles (3) encapsulated in an inorganic material (2);
and wherein the difference in refractive index of the inorganic material (2) at 450nm compared to the at least one medium (71) is greater than or equal to 0.02.
2. The light color conversion layer (4) according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material (2) may limit or prevent diffusion of external molecular species or fluids (liquid or gas) into the inorganic material (2).
3. The light color conversion layer (4) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one composite particle (1) in the at least one medium (71) acts as scattering light.
4. The light color conversion layer (4) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one composite particle (1) in the at least one medium (71) acts as a light guide.
5. The photochromic conversion layer (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the photochromic conversion layer (4) absorbs at least 70% of incident light with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 μm, wherein the wavelength range of the incident light is 370 to 470 nm.
6. The light color conversion layer (4) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nanoparticles (3) contained in the at least one composite particle (1) comprise a compound of formula MxNyEzAwThe semiconductor nanocrystal of a core of a material of (a), wherein: m is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or their mixture; and X, Y, Z and W are decimals independently from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 simultaneously.
7. The light color conversion layer (4) of claim 6 wherein said semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one shell (34) comprising the chemical formula MxNyEzAwThe material of (1), wherein: m is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or their mixture; and X, Y, Z and W are decimals independently from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 simultaneously.
8. The color conversion layer (4) of claim 6 wherein said semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one corona (37) comprising the formula MxNyEzAwThe material of (1), wherein: m is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; n is selected from Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Fe, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Ti,bi. Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or mixtures thereof; e is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof; a is selected from O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I or their mixture; and X, Y, Z and W are decimals independently from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not equal to 0 at the same time; x and y are not equal to 0 at the same time; z and W may not be equal to 0 simultaneously.
9. The light color conversion layer (4) of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor nanoplatelets.
10. The light color conversion layer (4) according to any one of claims 1 or 9, wherein the at least one medium (71) is optically transparent.
11. The light color conversion layer (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one medium (71) has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.1W/(m.k) under standard conditions.
12. The light color conversion layer (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the at least one medium (71) is a solid host material or a fluid.
13. A display apparatus (230), comprising:
-at least one light source (231);
-a rotary wheel (233) comprising at least two regions, wherein at least one region comprises at least one photochromic conversion layer (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 12; and
-an optical modulation system (236);
wherein the light source (231) is configured to provide excitation for the at least one light color conversion layer (4), and wherein the optical modulation system (236) is configured to reflect light emitted by the rotating wheel (233).
14. The display device (230) of claim 13, wherein the optical modulation system (236) is configured to reflect light emitted by the rotating wheel (233) onto a screen.
15. The display device (230) according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising a screen (238).
16. The display device (230) according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the optical modulation system (236) is a digital micromirror assembly.
CN201880049837.1A 2017-06-02 2018-06-01 Photochromic conversion layer and display device with same Pending CN110945661A (en)

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