CN110827028A - Data acquisition and transaction system and method based on block chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data acquisition transaction system and a data acquisition transaction method based on a block chain, which relate to the field of block chains and the Internet of things, wherein the system comprises the block chain, a data manager, a data consumer and a plurality of data sensing devices, wherein the block chain comprises a public chain and a alliance chain which are mutually connected; the data manager comprises an administrative organization and an enterprise, the enterprise is used for deploying the data sensing equipment as a data source of the system, and the data consumer is used for purchasing corresponding monitoring data from the system according to the requirement; the administrative institution is used for auditing accounting node accounts to be added into the alliance chain, the enterprise is used for adding the data sensing equipment into the block chain, the data consumer and the data sensing equipment both have corresponding wallet addresses and private keys in the block chain, and the data consumer can directly send data purchasing information to the data sensing equipment and conduct transaction. The invention can determine the right of the data, increase the mobility of the data and improve the economic value of the data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of block chains and the Internet of things, in particular to a data acquisition and transaction system and method based on the block chains.
Background
The blockchain technology is a brand new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that utilizes blockchain data structures to verify and store data, utilizes distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, utilizes cryptography to secure data transmission and access, and utilizes intelligent contracts composed of automated script codes to program and manipulate data.
In recent years, the rapid development of the block chain technology has become the most innovative new technology at present, and meanwhile, the block chain not only has a unique block chain data structure, but also has a center-removing structure and data unchangeable and modifiable, so the block chain technology has a wide application prospect in the fields of finance and electronic money, and at the present stage, the practicability of the block chain technology in the fields of finance and electronic money has been well verified.
However, effective data collected by a large number of internet of things/sensing devices cannot be authorized, so that on one hand, the application range and the using population of the data are small, on the other hand, the trust degree of the population needing to be used on the data is low, and the population is unwilling to purchase, so that the mobility of the data is not high, and the due social and economic values of the data cannot be exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a data acquisition and transaction system and method based on a block chain, which can determine the right of data, increase the mobility of the data and improve the economic value of the data.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a data acquisition transaction system based on a block chain comprises the block chain, a data manager, a data consumer and a plurality of data sensing devices, wherein the block chain comprises a public chain and a alliance chain which are mutually connected, data exchange can be carried out between the public chain and the alliance chain, and storage mechanisms are arranged in the public chain and the alliance chain;
the data manager comprises an administrative organization and an enterprise, the enterprise is used for deploying the data sensing equipment as a data source of the system, and the data consumer is used for purchasing corresponding monitoring data from the system according to the requirement;
each alliance chain comprises a plurality of nodes, and the data manager, the data consumer and the data sensing device are all node accounts, wherein the administrative agency is a common node account of the block chain, the enterprise is a bookkeeping node account in the block chain, the data consumer is a consumption account, the data sensing device provides an account for data, and the administrative agency is used for checking the bookkeeping node account to be added into the alliance chain and judging whether to permit the current bookkeeping node account to be added into the alliance chain; the enterprise is used for adding the data sensing equipment into the block chain, the data consumer and the data sensing equipment both have corresponding wallet addresses and private keys in the block chain, the data consumer can directly send data purchasing information to the data sensing equipment and conduct transaction, and the transaction is completed through the wallet addresses and the private keys.
Furthermore, the storage mechanisms of the public chain and the alliance chain store all pieces of equipment information of the data sensing equipment, the equipment information of the data sensing equipment comprises identification information, position information and enterprise information, and the data acquired by the data sensing equipment are stored in the storage mechanism of the alliance chain.
Further, the specific steps of storing the data collected by the data sensing device in a storage mechanism of a federation chain are as follows:
packing data obtained by monitoring of data sensing equipment into a group of data blocks one by one according to a preset time stamp length, wherein the data structure of the monitored data is a unique identifier of the data sensing equipment and comprises a monitoring index, a monitoring value and a time stamp, and constructing a JSON format data block by performing transaction hash on a group of monitored data blocks and a previous group of data blocks within the current time stamp length;
and performing SHA256 algorithm calculation on the JSON data block to obtain data block hash, and writing a data structure consisting of the data block hash, the data block URL, the time range, the wallet address of the data sensing equipment and the previous data block transaction hash into a storage mechanism of the alliance chain by constructing a convert type transaction.
Further, the adding of the block chain into the data sensing device comprises the following steps:
the alliance chain accounting node account provides identification information, position information and enterprise information of data sensing equipment to be added to a system, storage mechanisms in the public chain and the alliance chain store the current information, the consensus node account checks the information and judges the information to be correct, and the public chain and the alliance chain respectively generate a pair of wallet addresses and private keys to form mapping binding with the basic information of the data sensing equipment stored in the corresponding storage mechanisms.
Further, the method for generating a pair of wallet address and private key by the public chain and the alliance chain respectively is as follows: a. obtaining a random number of a 32-bit fixed-length character string by a SHA256 algorithm on a character string consisting of MN + Location + Firm + Passwd corresponding to the current data sensing equipment; b. the random number obtains a private key through an SHA256 algorithm; c. the private key obtains a public key through an SECP256K1 elliptic curve algorithm; d. the public key obtains public key hash through an SHA256 algorithm; e. public key hashing gets the wallet address through BASE58 algorithm.
Furthermore, the data sensing equipment comprises all atmospheric monitoring equipment, water quality monitoring equipment, solid waste monitoring equipment and noise monitoring equipment which are distributed at different collection points.
A data transaction method based on block chain comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of determining data sensing equipment corresponding to monitoring data needing to be purchased, initiating a send type transfer transaction to a wallet account corresponding to a sensor through the wallet account of a user, enabling a transaction initiator to be a wallet address of the user, enabling a transaction acceptor to be a wallet address of the data sensing equipment, enabling the data sensing equipment to generate a corresponding data block to the user, meanwhile, enabling the data sensing equipment to send a transaction record to a node account and a storage mechanism of a alliance chain, and enabling the storage mechanism to store the transaction record.
Further, when the data consumer doubts the authenticity and rights and interests of the data sensing device in the system, the verification is carried out by the following method:
selecting or inputting identification information MN of corresponding data sensing equipment, traversing and inquiring whether corresponding storage records exist or not by the system according to the input identification information MN, if so, obtaining a wallet address to be confirmed of the current data sensing equipment according to a method for generating the wallet address and a private key, respectively verifying whether a wallet address identical to the wallet address to be confirmed exists in a public chain and an environment-friendly alliance chain through a wallet verification API interface of a block chain, if so, verifying that the data sensing equipment is credible, otherwise, the data sensing equipment is not credible.
Further, when the data consumer doubts feasibility and rights and interests of the monitoring data, the data consumer verifies the feasibility and rights and interests by the following method:
confirming whether authenticity and rights and interests of data sensing equipment corresponding to monitored data to be verified are credible or not, if so, confirming a timestamp range of the monitored data to be verified and data sensing equipment MN, determining a data block according to the data sensing equipment and the timestamp range, acquiring transaction hash of the data block, performing SHA256 algorithm on the data block to calculate the data block hash, retrieving corresponding transaction records on an environment-friendly alliance chain through the transaction hash, and if not, indicating that the monitored data to be verified is not credible and ending; and if the corresponding transaction record exists, acquiring the data block hash in the transaction remark, judging whether the calculated data block hash is consistent with the data block hash in the block remark, if so, indicating that the monitored data to be verified is credible and belongs to the designated enterprise digital asset, and ending, otherwise, indicating that the monitored data is an incredible digital asset and ending.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention relates to a data acquisition transaction system based on a blockchain, which comprises the blockchain, a data manager, a data consumer and a plurality of data sensing devices, wherein the blockchain comprises a public chain and a alliance chain which are mutually connected, data exchange can be carried out between the public chain and the alliance chain, storage mechanisms are arranged in the public chain and the alliance chain, the storage mechanisms in the alliance chain are also called distributed accounts, each environmental protection department, an environmental protection enterprise, the data consumer and the data sensing devices are all node accounts of the alliance chain, when in use, the data consumer and the data sensing devices both have corresponding wallet addresses and private keys in the blockchain, the data consumer can directly send data purchase information to the data sensing devices and carry out transaction, the transaction is completed through the wallet addresses and the private keys, in the transaction process, the transaction can be regarded as a certificate of purchase behaviors of both parties of the transaction and recorded on the blockchain, the hash set and the transaction timestamp of the data of the sensing equipment covered by the transaction are recorded in the transaction additional information, so that the right of the data can be confirmed, the authenticity of the data is ensured, meanwhile, the mobility of the data is increased, and the social and economic values of the data are provided.
(2) According to the data acquisition transaction system based on the block chain, point-to-point data transmission between a user and sensor equipment is achieved, transaction information is recorded in each node account and storage mechanism of the alliance chain, the characteristics of non-tampering and traceability are achieved, the low-cost requirement for small-amount frequent transactions in the application scene of the Internet of things is met, and low-value data mobility and information sharing among multiple parties are promoted.
(3) According to the data acquisition transaction system based on the block chain, the monitoring data are packaged into the data blocks according to the preassigned rule and the timestamp range, then the data blocks are stored into the storage mechanism of the block chain, and compared with the existing environment monitoring scene, the data volume of the environment monitoring data returned by the terminal data sensing equipment is excessively large along with the time accumulation, the data blocks are multi-source massive structured data with timestamp attributes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a data acquisition transaction system based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of generating a data sensing device wallet address and private key in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a data structure of monitoring data stored in a federation chain;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a verification method of monitoring data trust and equity.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a data acquisition transaction system based on a blockchain, including a blockchain, a data manager, a data consumer, and a plurality of data sensing devices, where the blockchain includes a public chain and a federation chain that are connected to each other, data exchange can be performed between the public chain and the federation chain, both the public chain and the federation chain are provided with storage institutions, and the storage institutions in the federation chain are also referred to as a distributed ledger.
The data manager in this embodiment includes an administrative organization and an enterprise, where the enterprise is configured to deploy the data sensing device as a data source of the system, and the data consumer is configured to purchase corresponding monitoring data from the system as needed.
In practical use, the monitored data range can be various fields such as environmental protection, electric power, energy and the like.
Each alliance chain comprises a plurality of nodes, in the embodiment, each environmental protection department, each environmental protection enterprise, each data consumer and each data sensing device are all node accounts of the alliance chain, wherein the environmental protection department is a common node account of the block chain, each environmental protection enterprise is a bookkeeping node account in the block chain, each data consumer is a consumption account, each data sensing device provides an account for data, and each administrative agency is used for auditing the bookkeeping node accounts to be added into the alliance chain and judging whether to permit the current bookkeeping node accounts to be added into the alliance chain; the data consumer and the data sensing equipment both have corresponding wallet addresses and private keys in the blockchain, the data consumer can directly send data purchase information to the data sensing equipment and conduct transaction, and the transaction is completed through the wallet addresses and the private keys.
The public chain and the alliance chain are stored with the equipment information of all data sensing equipment, the equipment information of the data sensing equipment comprises identification information (MN), position information (Location) and enterprise information (Firm), the data collected by the data sensing equipment are stored in the alliance chain storage mechanism, and the data sensing equipment comprises all atmospheric monitoring equipment, water quality monitoring equipment, solid waste monitoring equipment and noise monitoring equipment which are distributed at different collection points.
Adding a data sensing device to a blockchain comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that an alliance chain accounting node account (environment-friendly enterprise) submits identification information (MN), position information (Location) and enterprise information (Firm) of data sensing equipment to be added to a system, storage mechanisms in a public chain and an alliance chain store current information, the consensus node account verifies the information, whether the information is correct is judged, and if the information is correct, the public chain and the alliance chain respectively generate a pair of wallet addresses and private keys to form mapping binding with basic information of the data sensing equipment stored in the corresponding storage mechanisms.
Referring to fig. 2, the method of generating the wallet address and private key is as follows: a. obtaining a random number of a 32-bit fixed-length character string by a character string consisting of MN + Location + Firm + Passwd through an SHA256 algorithm; b. the random number obtains a private key through an SHA256 algorithm; c. the private key obtains a public key through an SECP256K1 elliptic curve algorithm; d. the public key obtains public key hash through an SHA256 algorithm; e. public key hashing gets the wallet address through BASE58 algorithm.
In a real environment monitoring scene, the data volume of environment monitoring data returned by the terminal data sensing equipment is excessively large accumulated along with time, and the environment monitoring data is multi-source massive structured data with timestamp attribute. Most of the existing solutions adopt a distributed database or distributed file system method for storage, but the block chain technology cannot directly store mass data and provide an efficient retrieval mechanism.
Referring to fig. 3, in order to solve the above problem, in this embodiment, instead of directly writing and storing the monitoring data in the storage mechanism corresponding to the blockchain one by one, the monitoring data is packed into data blocks according to a pre-specified rule and a time stamp range, and then the data blocks are stored in the storage mechanism of the blockchain, where the specific storage method is as follows:
data obtained by monitoring of the data sensing equipment are packed into a group of data blocks one by one according to preset timestamp length (such as per minute, per hour or two hours), a data structure of the monitored data is a unique identifier of the data sensing equipment and comprises a monitoring index, a monitoring value and a timestamp, and a JSON format data block is constructed by performing transaction hash on a group of monitored data blocks in the current timestamp length and a previous group of data blocks.
The JSON data block is subjected to SHA256 algorithm calculation to obtain data block hash (data abstract), and the data block hash, the data block URL (RESTful data service address), the time range, the data sensing equipment wallet address and the data structure formed by the previous data block transaction hash are written into the distributed account book transaction by constructing a convert type transaction (the transaction initiator and the transaction partner are the same wallet account), so that the uplink (namely storage) of the monitoring data is completed.
The invention also provides a data transaction method based on the block chain, which comprises the following steps (namely a method for subscribing/purchasing monitoring data in the system by a user): :
the method comprises the steps of determining data sensing equipment corresponding to monitoring data needing to be purchased, initiating a send type transfer transaction to a wallet account corresponding to a sensor through the wallet account of a user, wherein the amount of the transaction is the cost of purchasing the monitoring data, the transaction initiator is the wallet address of the user, the transaction acceptor is the wallet address of the data sensing equipment, the data sensing equipment generates a corresponding data block to the user, meanwhile, the data sensing equipment sends a transaction record to a node account and a storage mechanism of a alliance chain, and the storage mechanism stores the transaction record.
According to the invention, point-to-point data transmission between the user and the sensor equipment is realized based on the blockchain transaction model, the transaction information is recorded in each node account and storage mechanism of the alliance chain, the characteristics of non-falsification and traceability are achieved, the low-cost requirement of small amount of frequent transactions in the application scene of the Internet of things is met, and the mobility of low-value data and information sharing among multiple parties are promoted.
When the data consumer doubts the authenticity and rights of the data sensing device in the system, the verification can be carried out by the following method:
selecting or inputting identification information MN of the data sensing equipment, traversing and inquiring whether corresponding storage records exist or not by the system according to the input identification information MN, if so, obtaining a wallet address to be confirmed of the current data sensing equipment according to a method for generating the wallet address and a private key, respectively verifying whether a wallet address identical to the wallet address to be confirmed exists in a public chain and an environment-friendly alliance chain or not through a wallet verification API interface (each block chain is provided with) of the block chain, and if so, verifying that the data sensing equipment is credible, otherwise, not.
Referring to fig. 4, the verification method for monitoring data credibility and rights and interests includes the following steps:
A. confirming whether the authenticity and the rights and interests of the data sensing equipment corresponding to the monitored data to be verified are credible, if so,
B. confirming a timestamp range and a data sensing device MN of monitoring data to be verified, determining a data block according to the data sensing device and the timestamp range, acquiring transaction hash of the data block, performing SHA256 algorithm on the data block to calculate the data block hash, retrieving corresponding transaction records on an environment-friendly alliance chain through the transaction hash, and if no corresponding transaction records exist, indicating that the monitoring data to be verified is not credible and ending; and if the corresponding transaction record exists, acquiring the data block hash in the transaction remark, judging whether the calculated data block hash is consistent with the data block hash in the block remark, if so, indicating that the monitored data to be verified is credible and belongs to the designated enterprise digital asset, and ending, otherwise, indicating that the monitored data is an incredible digital asset and ending.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone with the teaching of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as the present invention, are within the protection scope.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a data acquisition transaction system based on block chain, includes the block chain, its characterized in that: the block chain comprises a public chain and a alliance chain which are mutually connected, data exchange can be carried out between the public chain and the alliance chain, and storage mechanisms are arranged in the public chain and the alliance chain;
the data manager comprises an administrative organization and an enterprise, the enterprise is used for deploying the data sensing equipment as a data source of the system, and the data consumer is used for purchasing corresponding monitoring data from the system according to the requirement;
each alliance chain comprises a plurality of nodes, and the data manager, the data consumer and the data sensing device are all node accounts, wherein the administrative agency is a common node account of the block chain, the enterprise is a bookkeeping node account in the block chain, the data consumer is a consumption account, the data sensing device provides an account for data, and the administrative agency is used for checking the bookkeeping node account to be added into the alliance chain and judging whether to permit the current bookkeeping node account to be added into the alliance chain; the enterprise is used for adding the data sensing equipment into the block chain, the data consumer and the data sensing equipment both have corresponding wallet addresses and private keys in the block chain, the data consumer can directly send data purchasing information to the data sensing equipment and conduct transaction, and the transaction is completed through the wallet addresses and the private keys.
2. The blockchain-based data acquisition transaction system of claim 1, wherein: the device information of all the data sensing devices is stored in the storage mechanisms of the public chain and the alliance chain, the device information of the data sensing devices comprises identification information, position information and enterprise information, and the data acquired by the data sensing devices are stored in the storage mechanisms of the alliance chain.
3. The blockchain-based data acquisition transaction system of claim 2, wherein: the specific steps of storing the data collected by the data sensing equipment in a storage mechanism of a alliance chain are as follows:
packing data obtained by monitoring of data sensing equipment into a group of data blocks one by one according to a preset time stamp length, wherein the data structure of the monitored data is a unique identifier of the data sensing equipment and comprises a monitoring index, a monitoring value and a time stamp, and constructing a JSON format data block by performing transaction hash on a group of monitored data blocks and a previous group of data blocks within the current time stamp length;
and performing SHA256 algorithm calculation on the JSON data block to obtain data block hash, and writing a data structure consisting of the data block hash, the data block URL, the time range, the wallet address of the data sensing equipment and the previous data block transaction hash into a storage mechanism of the alliance chain by constructing a convert type transaction.
4. The blockchain-based data acquisition transaction system of claim 1, wherein: the data sensing equipment adding block chain comprises the following steps:
the alliance chain accounting node account provides identification information, position information and enterprise information of data sensing equipment to be added to a system, storage mechanisms in the public chain and the alliance chain store the current information, the consensus node account checks the information and judges the information to be correct, and the public chain and the alliance chain respectively generate a pair of wallet addresses and private keys to form mapping binding with the basic information of the data sensing equipment stored in the corresponding storage mechanisms.
5. The blockchain-based data acquisition transaction system of claim 4, wherein: the method for generating a pair of wallet addresses and private keys by the public chain and the alliance chain respectively is as follows: a. obtaining a random number of a 32-bit fixed-length character string by a SHA256 algorithm on a character string consisting of MN + Location + Firm + Passwd corresponding to the current data sensing equipment; b. the random number obtains a private key through an SHA256 algorithm; c. the private key obtains a public key through an SECP256K1 elliptic curve algorithm; d. the public key obtains public key hash through an SHA256 algorithm; e. public key hashing gets the wallet address through BASE58 algorithm.
6. The blockchain-based data acquisition transaction system of claim 4, wherein: the data sensing equipment comprises all atmospheric monitoring equipment, water quality monitoring equipment, solid waste monitoring equipment and noise monitoring equipment which are distributed at different collection points.
7. A blockchain data transaction method based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of determining data sensing equipment corresponding to monitoring data needing to be purchased, initiating a send type transfer transaction to a wallet account corresponding to a sensor through the wallet account of a user, enabling a transaction initiator to be a wallet address of the user, enabling a transaction acceptor to be a wallet address of the data sensing equipment, enabling the data sensing equipment to generate a corresponding data block to the user, meanwhile, enabling the data sensing equipment to send a transaction record to a node account and a storage mechanism of a alliance chain, and enabling the storage mechanism to store the transaction record.
8. The blockchain-based data transaction method of claim 7, wherein: when the data consumer doubts the authenticity and rights and interests of the data sensing equipment in the system, the verification is carried out by the following method:
selecting or inputting identification information MN of corresponding data sensing equipment, traversing and inquiring whether corresponding storage records exist or not by the system according to the input identification information MN, if so, obtaining a wallet address to be confirmed of the current data sensing equipment according to a method for generating the wallet address and a private key, respectively verifying whether a wallet address identical to the wallet address to be confirmed exists in a public chain and an environment-friendly alliance chain through a wallet verification API interface of a block chain, if so, verifying that the data sensing equipment is credible, otherwise, the data sensing equipment is not credible.
9. The blockchain-based data transaction method of claim 7, wherein: when the data consumer doubts the feasibility and the rights and interests of the monitoring data, the data consumer verifies the feasibility and the rights and interests by the following method:
confirming whether authenticity and rights and interests of data sensing equipment corresponding to monitored data to be verified are credible or not, if so, confirming a timestamp range of the monitored data to be verified and data sensing equipment MN, determining a data block according to the data sensing equipment and the timestamp range, acquiring transaction hash of the data block, performing SHA256 algorithm on the data block to calculate the data block hash, retrieving corresponding transaction records on an environment-friendly alliance chain through the transaction hash, and if not, indicating that the monitored data to be verified is not credible and ending; and if the corresponding transaction record exists, acquiring the data block hash in the transaction remark, judging whether the calculated data block hash is consistent with the data block hash in the block remark, if so, indicating that the monitored data to be verified is credible and belongs to the designated enterprise digital asset, and ending, otherwise, indicating that the monitored data is an incredible digital asset and ending.
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