CN110811798A - External fixator for limb fracture - Google Patents

Abstract

An external fixation device for limb fractures belongs to the field of medical equipment. The invention includes a reduction fixer, a bone needle, a telescopic rod, a bone needle fixation rod, a curved rod support and a top wire. The bone needle fixation rod is installed in the reduction fixer. On the top, there is a fixing hole at each end of the pin fixation rod. The fixation hole is used to place and fix the pin. A curved rod support is installed on the left and right sides of the reduction fixator, and two telescopic rods are respectively connected to two adjacent reduction fixation devices. Adjust the relative position of two adjacent reset fixtures by adjusting the telescopic rod. The invention solves the problem of function limitation of the existing unilateral external fixator system in orthopaedic surgery, and also solves the problems of single function, complex structure, high price and difficult nursing of the annular external fixator system, and further provides a A fully functional, inexpensive, and easy-to-care orthopaedic unilateral external fixation device.

Description

An external fixator for limb fractures

technical field

The invention relates to an external fixation device for limb fractures, belonging to the field of medical instruments.

Background technique

Existing external fixation devices for limb fracture fixation are various, including unilateral external fixation device, annular external fixator and so on. The surgical process of long bone fractures often includes three stages of "distraction, reduction and fixation". By retracting the two fracture ends, the reduction can be more easily carried out, and then it can be stably fixed with a fixator. The fixed device, its advantages and disadvantages are as follows:

A unilateral external fixator system that is commonly used in clinical practice is composed of bone pins, connecting rods, transverse rod fixing clips, needle rod fixing clips, rod rod fixing clips, curved rod struts and other devices. Each fixed clip can be freely changed in position before locking, and has great mobility. The fixator only has a fixation function, and before the final fixation of the fracture, repeated manual reduction is required during the operation. During the process of locking the fixator, the fracture end may still be displaced, which prolongs the operation time and aggravates the intraoperative trauma.

A computer-assisted fracture reduction device based on a six-legged double-ring platform is now commonly used in clinical practice. It has the functions of traction, reduction and fixation at the same time. However, the device is a ring-shaped external fixation device, which is much more difficult to care than a unilateral external fixator, complex and not easy to carry, and the rod-shaped structure of the device is complicated and expensive, so it has not yet been clinically popularized in China.

A ring-shaped external fixator commonly used in clinical practice, it has multiple bone pins to fix limbs and brackets. During the operation, the device cannot play the role of traction, and the reduction process still relies on the direct manual reduction of the doctor. In most cases, 6 rings are required for fixation, and each ring is connected with 2 pins. The operation process is complicated and postoperative care is difficult, and it is generally only used in the cases of fracture or nonunion and bone defect with major soft tissue injury.

Based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing external fixation devices for limb fracture fixation, there is an urgent need to propose a unilateral external fixator for long bone fractures that can simultaneously complete the processes of traction, reduction and fixation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of functional limitation of the existing unilateral external fixator system in orthopaedic surgery, and also to solve the problems of single function, complex structure, high price and difficult nursing of the annular external fixator system. Furthermore, a fully functional, inexpensive and easy-care orthopaedic unilateral external fixation device is provided.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

An external fixator for limb fractures, which is characterized in that it comprises a reduction fixator, a bone pin, a telescopic rod, a bone pin fixation rod, a curved rod support and a top wire, and the bone pin fixation rod is installed on the reduction fixer, and the bone pin is fixed on the reduction fixer. There is a fixing hole at each end of the needle fixing rod. The fixing hole is used to place and fix the bone needle. A curved rod support is installed on the left and right sides of the reduction fixture, and the two telescopic rods are respectively connected to the two adjacent reduction fixtures. For the bent rod support, the relative position of the two adjacent reset fixers can be adjusted by adjusting the telescopic rod.

In order to solve the problems that the existing clinical technical devices have single function, complex structure, and traction, reset and fixation cannot be satisfied at the same time, the technical scheme of the present invention is proposed as follows:

Preferably: the reset fixer includes a reset ball, a top wire and two fixing clips, the reset ball is spherical, there is a mounting hole in the center of the reset ball, the pin fixing rod is installed in the mounting hole, and the center of the reset ball is provided with a mounting hole Threaded hole, the threaded hole is perpendicular to the installation hole and communicated with the installation hole, the top screw is installed in the threaded hole, the top screw is matched with the first screw, screwed into the first screw to lock the pin fixing rod, and the two fixing clips are respectively connected to the two screws. A bent strut.

Preferably: the two fixing clips are the same and are hollow hemispheres, the outer side of the hemisphere has a cylinder, the outer side of the cylinder has a square hole, and the curved rod support is installed in the square hole; the edge of the hollow hemisphere of the fixing clip has four convex connecting parts, Each protruding connection part has an inner thread hole, and the third screw is screwed in to complete the fixing of the two fixing clips.

Preferably: the left and right ends of the bone needle fixing rod each have a fixing hole, the fixing hole is used for placing the bone needle, and the ports at the left and right ends of the bone needle fixing rod each have a locking port, and the locking port is used for screwing the second The screw locks the bone needle, which avoids the positioning of the bone needle many times during the operation, which increases the difficulty of the operation and increases the pain of the patient.

Preferably: the auxiliary reset rod is in the shape of a cross composed of two cylinders, and the center of the cross has an external thread structure vertically outward, which is screwed into the internal threaded hole of the reset ball, the reset ball is in the shape of a sphere, and it is convenient to install the auxiliary reset rod with The fixed clip cooperates to realize multi-angle rotation, thereby realizing the reduction of the fracture. The invention has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.

Preferably: the telescopic rod includes a first externally threaded rod, a second externally threaded rod and an internal threaded rod, the first externally threaded rod and the second externally threaded rod are the same, both are round rods with external threads at one end, and the internal The inside of the threaded rod round rod is provided with an internal thread matched with the first externally threaded rod and the second externally threaded rod. The left and right ends of the first external threaded rod and the second external threaded rod are respectively screwed into the internal threaded rod. By rotating the internal threaded rod, the length of the telescopic rod can be increased or shortened to change the current position between the two reset fixers. To achieve traction at the fracture.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The design of the telescopic rod enables the unilateral external fixator itself to have the function of traction.

2. The reduction ball can satisfy the operation reduction in all directions, that is, complete the reduction of various forms of fracture displacement under physiological conditions.

3. The process of traction, reset and final fixation can be completed at the same time.

4. On the basis of the traction function, the operation of the reduction ball is simple, which avoids the repeated violent traction and reduction process in the traditional external fixator operation due to insufficient experience of young surgeons, and reduces the surgical injury and operation time.

5. Compared with annular external fixation, it has fewer needle tracks, is easy to care for, and is easy to carry. The structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is low.

6. This design is the first external fixation system that applies the reset ball structure to the orthopaedic external fixator structure, which has innovative significance for the development of the orthopaedic external fixator system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a use state diagram of an external fixator for limb fractures;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the structure of the reset fixture;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the reset ball part;

Figure 4 is a side view of the retaining clip;

Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a telescopic rod;

Among them: 1-Reduction fixer, 2-Bone pin, 3-Telescopic rod, 4-Reduction ball, 5-Fixing clip, 6-Bone pin fixation rod, 7-Bending rod strut, 8-Auxiliary reduction rod, 9-Top Wire, 10-first screw, 11-second screw, 12-third screw, 13-fourth screw, 3-1-first male thread rod, 3-2-second male thread rod, 3-3- Female threaded rod, 4-1-Mounting hole, 4-2-Threaded hole, 5-1-Protrusion connection, 5-2-Square hole, 5-3-Cylinder, 6-1-Fixing hole, 6-2 - Locking hole.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: This embodiment is described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. An external fixator for limb fractures in this embodiment includes two or more reduction fixators 1, four or more bone pins 2, two One or more telescopic rods 3, two or more bone pin fixation rods 6, four or more curved rod struts 7 and multiple auxiliary reduction rods 8 are used together. There is a fixing hole 6-1 at each end of the fixing rod 6. The fixing hole 6-1 is used to place and fix the bone needle 2. A bending rod support 7 is installed on the left and right sides of the reduction fixator 1, and the two telescopic rods 3 are respectively installed. Connect the bent rod struts 7 on the two adjacent reset fixtures 1, and adjust the relative positions of the two adjacent reset fixtures 1 by adjusting the telescopic rod 3.

The reset fixer 1 includes a reset ball 4, a top wire 9 and a fixing clip 5. The reset ball 4 is spherical, and there is an installation hole 4-1 in the center of the reset ball 4, and the bone pin fixing rod 6 is installed in the installation hole 4-1. Inside, there is a threaded hole 4-2 in the center of the reset ball 4. The threaded hole 4-2 is perpendicular to the installation hole 4-1 and communicates with the installation hole. The top screw 9 is installed in the threaded hole 4-2. A screw 10 is matched, and the first screw 10 is screwed in so that the jacking wire 9 locks the pin fixing rod 6 downward, and the two fixing clips 5 are respectively fixedly connected to the two bending rod supports 7.

The two fixing clips 5 are the same and are hollow hemispheres. There is a cylinder 5-3 on the outer side of the hemisphere, a square hole 5-2 on the outer side of the cylinder 5-3, and a curved rod pillar is fixedly connected and installed in the square hole 5-2. 7; There are four convex connecting parts 5-1 on the edge of the hollow hemisphere of the fixed clip 5, and each convex connecting part 5-1 has an inner threaded hole, and the reset ball 4 is installed in the middle of the two fixed clips 5. The inner threaded holes of the connecting portion 5-1 are aligned and the third screw 12 is screwed in to complete the fixing of the two fixing clips 5.

The left and right ends of the bone needle fixing rod 6 each have a fixing hole 6-1. The fixing hole 6-1 is used for placing the bone needle 2. The bone needle 2 passes through the fixing hole 6-1, and the bone needle fixing rod 6 has two left and right sides. The ports of the two ends each have a locking port 6-2, the inside of the locking port 6-2 is connected with the fixing hole, and the second screw 11 is screwed into the locking port 6-2 to lock the bone needle 2, which limits the bone needle 2 as a shaft. The movement in the direction and the circumferential direction avoids the positioning of the bone needle 2 many times during the operation, which increases the difficulty of the operation and increases the pain of the patient.

The auxiliary reset rod 8 is in the shape of a cross formed by two cylinders. There is an external thread structure in the center of the cross, which is screwed into the internal threaded hole 4-2 of the reset ball 4. When reset is required, the first screw 10 is screwed. out, install the auxiliary reset rod 8. After the reset is completed, remove the auxiliary reset rod 8 and install it back to the first screw 10. During this process, the top screw 9 is always at the bottom end of the threaded hole 4-2 to lock the bone. Needle fixing rod 6, since the reset ball 4 is in the shape of a sphere, it is convenient to install the auxiliary reset rod 8 to cooperate with the fixing clip 5, and the top design of the cross allows the operator to exert better force on the hand, and can realize multi-angle rotation, so as to achieve fracture The present invention has simple structure and convenient operation.

The telescopic rod 3 includes a first externally threaded rod 3-1, a second externally threaded rod 3-2 and an internal threaded rod 3-3, and the first externally threaded rod 3-1 and the second externally threaded rod 3-2 are the same , both are round rods with an external thread at one end, and the internal threaded rod 3-3 has an internal thread that cooperates with the first externally threaded rod 3-1 and the second externally threaded rod 3-2. The threaded ends of the first externally threaded rod 3-1 and the second externally threaded rod 3-2 are respectively screwed into the internal threaded rod 3-3 on the left and right, and the other ends of the first externally threaded rod 3-1 and the second externally threaded rod 3-2 are respectively Fixedly connect the bending rod struts 7 on the same side of the adjacent two reset fixtures 1. By rotating the internal threaded rods 3-3, the length of the telescopic rod can be increased or shortened to change the current position between the two reset fixtures. , so as to achieve traction at the fracture.

Specific embodiment 2: This embodiment is described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. An external fixator for limb fractures of this embodiment is described. The installation steps are as follows:

Step 1: After the fracture of the lower extremity, the two fracture ends have different degrees of displacement due to the external force during the injury and the pulling of the muscle after the injury. The physician can determine the appropriate needle insertion position of the bone needle 2 through the preoperative imaging examination and the general fracture movement orientation. First, insert the two bone pins 2 into the bone pin fixation rod 6 , and at this time, there is no locking between the bone pins 2 and the bone pin fixation rod 6 . Then, the bone needle 2 is drilled into the two fracture segments to be fixed. During this process, the bone needle fixing rod 6 that is not fixed relative to the bone needle 2 plays a role in determining the distance between the two bone needles 2 . After confirming that the bone needle 2 is well fixed to the fractured segment, the bone needle fixing rod 6 is removed, and the needle insertion of the two bone needles 2 is completed at this time. The other fracture end is driven into the bone needle 2 in the same way.

Step 2: Insert the removed bone pin fixation rod 6 into the reset ball 4, make sure that the two bone pin holes are vertically parallel to the threaded hole 4-2 inside the reset ball 4, and then screw in the first screw matched with the top wire 9 10. Tighten and fix the pin fixing rod 6. Then, connect the reset ball 4 with the pin fixation rod 6 to the two pins 2 , and after determining the appropriate height, lock the second screws 11 at both ends of the pin fixation rod 6 . At this time, the reset ball 4 is installed. The other fracture segment also completes the above steps.

Step 3: As shown in Figure 2, fix the two fixing clips 5 on both sides of the reset ball 4, respectively screw in the four third screws 12 on the edge of the fixing clip, and the tightness is so that the reset ball 4 can rotate in the two fixing clips 5 and does not Dislocation shall prevail. Then, insert the two bent rod supports 7 into the outer square holes 5-2 of the fixing clips and fasten them with the fourth screw 13. When inserting the bent rod supports 7, make sure that the bending point is upward. The other fracture segment also completes the above steps.

Step 4: Screw the first externally threaded rod 3-1 and the second externally threaded rod 3-2 into it from both ends of the internally threaded rod 3-3 until the first externally threaded rod 3-1 and the second externally threaded rod 3-2 The ends of the two clubs meet.

Step 5: The two combined telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the curved rod support 4. The fixed telescopic rods 3 are located on both sides of the limb, and the other parts of the device are located above the two fracture segments of the limb, as shown in Figure 1. So far, the installation is completed, except that the four screws 3c of the raised connecting portion 5-1 on the edge of the fixing clip are in a relatively loosened state, and the other screws are in a tightened state.

Embodiment 3: This embodiment is described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. An external fixator for limb fractures of this embodiment is described. The steps of traction, reduction and fixation are as follows:

Step 1: After the installation is completed according to the description of the second embodiment, there are still various forms of displacement of the two fracture ends at this time. At this time, by rotating the inner thread rod 3-3 of the telescopic rod, the telescopic rod 3 is extended, and the two fracture ends are retracted. The experience of multiple surgeries tells us that after the muscle is elongated to a certain length L1, there will be no more deformation. At this time, if the length of the muscle is forcibly extended, it will lead to muscle damage. However, if the length L1 is maintained for a few minutes at the maximum deformation, and then the force is increased, the retraction can be extended to the length L2 without damaging the muscle. Therefore, with the assistance of the telescopic rod 3, when the above-mentioned length L1 is reached, the length of the telescopic rod 3 is maintained, and after a period of time, the telescopic rod 3 is extended to the length L2, and this is repeated until the appropriate reset length Lx. Maintain the length Lx for a few minutes when the muscle contraction force is weakened, and then control the auxiliary reset rod 8 to perform reset, which will greatly reduce the difficulty of reset.

Step 2: During the distraction process, the bone pin 2 under the action of muscle pulling is displaced inward, and the fixing clip 5 under the action of the telescopic rod 3 is displaced toward both ends, in order to prevent the reset ball 4 from falling out in this case. , the four protruding connecting parts 5-1 on the edge of the fixing clip 5 are designed. When the third screws 12 on the four convex connecting parts 5-1 are relatively loosened, the reduction ball 4 can be rotated in all directions under the control of the auxiliary reduction rod 8 to complete the reduction of the fracture; The four third screws 12 can securely fix the position of the reset ball 4 .

Step 3: After confirming that the four third screws 12 are tightened, unscrew the auxiliary reset rod 8. Due to the action of the top wire 9 in the threaded hole 4-2, the relative position of the bone pin fixation rod 6 and the reduction ball 4 will not change. At this time, the first screw 10 is screwed in and tightened, and all the fracture traction, reduction and fixation steps are as follows: Finish.

The connection mentioned in the present invention is divided into a fixed connection and a detachable connection. The fixed connection is a non-detachable connection, including but not limited to conventional fixed connection methods such as hemmed connection, rivet connection, adhesive connection and welding connection. Disassembly connections include but are not limited to conventional disassembly methods such as threaded connections, snap connections, pin connections, and hinge connections. When the specific connection method is not clearly defined, the default is that at least one connection method can always be found in the existing connection methods to achieve this. Function, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs. For example: Welded connection is selected for fixed connection, and hinged connection is selected for detachable connection.

This embodiment is only an exemplary description of this patent, and does not limit its protection scope. Those skilled in the art can also make partial changes to it, as long as it does not exceed the spirit of this patent, it is within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims (6)

1. An external fixator for limb fractures, characterized in that: comprising a reduction fixator (1), a bone pin (2), a telescopic rod (3), a bone pin fixation rod (6), a curved rod strut (7) ) and the top wire (9), the pin fixation rod (6) is installed on the reduction fixture (1), the pin fixation rod (6) has a fixation hole (6-1) at each end, and the fixation hole (6- 1) It is used to place and fix the bone pins (2). The left and right sides of the reduction fixator (1) are respectively installed with a curved rod strut (7), and the two telescopic rods (3) are respectively connected to two adjacent reduction fixators ( 1), the relative positions of the two adjacent reset fixtures (1) can be adjusted by adjusting the telescopic rod (3). 2. An external fixator for limb fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reduction fixator (1) comprises a reduction ball (4), a top wire (9) and two fixing clips (5), the reset ball (4) is spherical, there is a mounting hole (4-1) in the center of the reset ball (4), the bone pin fixing rod (6) is installed in the mounting hole (4-1), the reset ball (4) ) is provided with a threaded hole (4-2) in the center, the threaded hole (4-2) is perpendicular to the installation hole (4-1) and communicated with the installation hole, and the top screw (9) is installed in the threaded hole (4-2) , the top screw (9) is matched with the first screw (10), and the first screw (10) is screwed in to lock the pin fixing rod (6), and the two fixing clips (5) are respectively connected to the two bending rod supports (7) . 3. An external fixator for limb fractures according to claim 2, characterized in that: the two fixing clips (5) are identical and are hollow hemispheres, and there are cylinders (5-3) on the outside of the hemispheres. ), there is a square hole (5-2) on the outer side of the cylinder (5-3), and the bent rod support (7) is installed in the square hole (5-2); the edge of the hollow hemisphere of the fixing clip (5) has four protrusions In the connecting portion (5-1), each raised connecting portion (5-1) is provided with an inner thread hole, and the third screw (12) is screwed in to complete the fixing of the two fixing clips (5). 4. An external fixator for limb fractures according to claim 2, characterized in that: the left and right ends of the bone pin fixation rod (6) each have a fixation hole (6-1), and the fixation hole (6-1) is used to place the bone needle (2), the ports at the left and right ends of the bone needle fixing rod (6) each have a locking port (6-2), and the locking port (6-2) is used for screwing the second The screw (11) locks the bone pin (2). 5. An external fixator for limb fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: further comprising an auxiliary reduction rod (8), the auxiliary reduction rod (8) is cross-shaped, and the auxiliary reduction rod (8) is on the The external thread is processed, and the auxiliary reset rod (8) is screwed and matched with the internal threaded hole (4-2) of the reset ball (4). 6. An external fixator for limb fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: the telescopic rod (3) comprises a first externally threaded rod (3-1), a second externally threaded rod ( 3-2) and the internally threaded rod (3-3), the first externally threaded rod (3-1) and the second externally threaded rod (3-2) are round rods with external threads at one end, and the internally threaded rod ( 3-3) Inside the round rod there are internal threads that cooperate with the first externally threaded rod (3-1) and the second externally threaded rod (3-2), the first externally threaded rod (3-1) and the second externally threaded rod (3-1) The left and right ends of the rod (3-2) are respectively screwed into the inner thread rod (3-3).

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