CN110770557A - Visual heat accumulation indicator based on photonic crystal structure and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Visual heat accumulation indicator based on photonic crystal structure and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
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Abstract
The invention relates to a visual heat accumulation indicator based on a photonic crystal structure and preparation and application thereof. The indicator includes: the composite layer A comprises a substrate A, and at least one surface of the substrate A is provided with a photonic crystal layer; the composite layer B comprises a substrate B, at least one surface of which is provided with a viscoelastic polymer. When the face of the composite layer A attached with the photonic crystal material is attached with the face of the composite layer B attached with the viscoelastic polymer, the indicator enters a working state. The invention reflects the heat accumulation process after the reaction starts by utilizing the weakening degree of the structural color of the photonic crystal, and has great significance for monitoring the heat accumulation process of objects needing low-temperature storage and transportation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a visual heat accumulation indicator, in particular to a visual heat accumulation indicator based on a photonic crystal structure and preparation and application thereof.
Background
Photonic crystals (Photonic crystals) were independently proposed in 1987 by s.john and e.yablonovitch, respectively, and are artificial microstructures periodically arranged from dielectrics of different dielectric constants. From a material structure perspective, photonic crystals are a class of artificially designed and fabricated crystals with periodic dielectric structures on the optical scale. The Photonic crystal has a special periodic structure, so that the Photonic crystal has a forbidden effect on photons with a specific wavelength or waveband, forms a Photonic Band Gap, is similar to an electronic energy Band in a semiconductor, and is called a Photonic Band Gap (PBG). Like semiconductor materials, the periodic arrangement of the dielectric constants generates a certain 'potential field', when the dielectric constants of two media are different enough, light can generate interference and diffraction on a medium interface to generate a photonic band gap, light with energy falling at the band gap cannot propagate and is reflected out in a mirror form, and therefore structural color is formed. The reflection reflectivity is high, the spectrum is single, the formed structure color is bright and pure, and the conventional chemical pigment can not be used for reproduction through color matching.
The structural color of the photonic crystal is directly related to the periodic structure of the material on the optical scale, and if the structure is damaged, the structural color is weakened until the structural color is faded. If a material medium with a refractive index close to that of the photonic crystal material is selected and filled into the gaps of the periodic structure of the photonic crystal material, the dielectric constant difference of the interface of the photonic crystal medium is reduced, and the interference and diffraction of light at the interface of the medium are reduced to weaken the structural color. Further, if the selected filling medium can react with or dissolve the photonic crystal material, so that the two materials are fused together, the photonic crystal structure will be further destroyed and the structural color will be further weakened until the two materials are completely fused together, the photonic crystal structure is completely destroyed and the structural color will completely disappear.
It is now known that the degree of color degradation of a photonic crystal structure is related to the degree to which the photonic crystal structure is damaged. Applicants have discovered that correlating the extent of such a reaction that causes damage to the photonic crystal structure to the temperature of the reaction and the time of the reaction, reflects the heat buildup experienced after the reaction has begun by the degree of color degradation of the photonic crystal structure. The visual heat accumulation indicator based on the photonic crystal structure, which is prepared by using the principle, can indicate the accumulated heat exposure time of an object attached to the indicator, and has great significance for monitoring the heat accumulation process of the object needing to be stored and transported at low temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visual heat accumulation indicator based on a photonic crystal structure and a preparation method and application thereof.
To achieve one of the objects of the present invention, the present invention provides a visual heat accumulation indicator based on a photonic crystal structure, comprising: a composite layer A and a composite layer B,
the composite layer A comprises a substrate A, wherein at least one surface of the substrate A is provided with a photonic crystal layer;
the composite layer B comprises a substrate B, and at least one surface of the substrate B is provided with a viscoelastic polymer.
When the surface of the composite layer A, which is attached with the photonic crystal layer, is attached with the surface of the composite layer B, which is attached with the viscoelastic polymer, the indicator enters a working state.
The working principle of the indicator is as follows: after the surface of the composite layer A, which is attached with the photonic crystal layer, is attached to the surface of the composite layer B, which is attached with the viscoelastic polymer, the viscoelastic polymer enters gaps of the photonic crystal material, so that the refractive index difference between the photonic crystal material and the viscoelastic polymer is reduced, and the structural color is weakened; further, as time goes on, the photonic crystal material is dissolved and fused under the action of the viscoelastic polymer, so that the refractive index difference between the photonic crystal material and the viscoelastic polymer is further reduced, the structural color is further weakened until the structure of the photonic crystal material is completely destroyed, the photonic crystal material and the viscoelastic polymer are mixed into a single homogeneous material, and the structural color completely disappears. The degree of interpenetration and fusion of the two materials is related to the reaction temperature and the reaction time. The higher the temperature and the longer the time, the greater the structural damage degree of the photonic crystal material, and the more serious the structural color fading generated by the structure, until the photonic crystal material is completely damaged, the structural color will also completely fade. Based on this principle, the heat accumulation history experienced by the indicator can be indicated by the process of fading of the structural color visible to the naked eye.
The photonic crystal layer has a photonic band-gap structure.
Preferably, the photonic crystal material comprises monodisperse nano microspheres which are periodically and closely arranged in a close-packed form; more preferably, the monodisperse nanospheres are in hexagonal close-packed form.
The raw materials of the monodisperse nano microsphere are selected from but not limited to: one or a mixture of more than two of polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic acid, silicon dioxide, alumina, titanium dioxide, zirconia, ferroferric oxide, polyimide, silicon resin and phenolic resin.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material of the monodisperse nano microsphere is polystyrene.
The refractive index of the monodisperse nano microsphere is 1.0-2.5 (specifically 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5).
The monodisperse nanospheres have a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 5% (specifically, less than 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%).
Preferably, the monodisperse nanospheres have a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.5%.
The particle size of the monodisperse nanometer microsphere is 80-1100nm (specifically 80, 100, 120, 200, 300, 400, 800, 1000, 1100 nm).
Preferably, the particle size of the monodisperse nano microsphere is 120-400 nm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the monodisperse nanospheres have a particle size of 215 nm.
The forbidden band wavelength of the photonic crystal material is 200-2000nm infrared light, visible light or ultraviolet light.
Preferably, the photonic crystal material has a forbidden band wavelength of 450-640nm visible light.
The thickness of the photonic crystal layer is 1 to 50 μm (specifically, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40, 50 μm).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the photonic crystal layer is 10 μm.
The viscoelastic polymer is selected from, but not limited to: one or a mixture or copolymer of more than two of polyisoprene, atactic polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, silane, vinyl acetate, acrylate methacrylate and styrene.
In one embodiment of the invention, the viscoelastic polymer is a butyl acrylate-styrene-methyl methacrylate terpolymer.
Specifically, in the butyl acrylate-styrene-methyl methacrylate terpolymer, the content of butyl acrylate, styrene, and methyl methacrylate structural units is 15-25% (specifically, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 25%), 30-40% (specifically, 30%, 32%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 40%), 40-50% (specifically, 40%, 42%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 48%, 50%), respectively.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the butyl acrylate-styrene-methyl methacrylate terpolymer contains about 20%, 35%, and 45% of butyl acrylate, styrene, and methyl methacrylate structural units, respectively.
The refractive index of the viscoelastic polymer is 1.2-1.8 (specifically 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8).
The viscoelastic polymer has a thickness of 1-50 μm (specifically 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40, 50 μm).
The molecular weight of the viscoelastic polymer is 500000-5000000 (specifically, 500000, 1000000, 1500000, 2000000, 2500000, 3000000, 3500000, 4000000, 4500000, 5000000).
In one embodiment of the invention, the viscoelastic polymer has a thickness of 10 μm.
The raw materials of substrates a and B are independently selected from, but not limited to: one of plastic, paper, leather, metal, wood, and ceramic.
Further, the above substrate a is transparent.
Further, the above substrate B is transparent.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate a is plastic, such as PET plastic.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate B is plastic, such as PET plastic.
Further, a barrier layer C is provided between the composite layer a and the composite layer B.
The working principle is as follows: the barrier layer C is used for preventing the composite layer A and the composite layer B from reacting immediately, and is used for achieving the purpose of long-term storage of the composite layer A and the composite layer B under the conventional conditions. When needed, the reaction between the composite layer A and the composite layer B can be activated by only removing the barrier layer C, and the reaction is used for recording the heat accumulation process.
The barrier layer C is a release film, such as PET release film, which exhibits inertness to the composite layers a and B, has low or no chemical permeability, and contains no or only a very small amount of chemical permeability into the composite layers, and when a barrier layer C is disposed between the composite layers a and B, the composite layers a and B do not undergo significant optical changes.
Further, the indicator may further include an adhesive layer for adhering the indicator to an object to which the indicator is applied, and the adhesive layer may be applied to one surface of the indicator using an adhesive which is conventional in the art.
To achieve the second objective of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the visual heat accumulation indicator based on the photonic crystal structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) coating the photonic crystal material on a substrate A, and drying to obtain a composite layer A;
2) and coating the viscoelastic polymer on the substrate B, and drying to obtain the composite layer B.
Further, the preparation method also comprises the following steps: and a barrier layer C is arranged between the composite layer A and the composite layer B.
To achieve a third of the objects of the present invention, in a final aspect, there is provided a method of monitoring the heat history of an object (e.g., an object to be cryogenically stored and/or transported) comprising the step of attaching (e.g., affixing) a visual heat-accumulation indicator of the present invention to the object or to packaging for the object. For example, in the cold chain transportation process of the vaccine, the visual heat accumulation indicator of the invention is stuck on the vaccine outer package, and the working state is entered after the barrier layer C is removed. The fluidity of the composite layer B can be adjusted to meet the requirements according to the temperature requirements of different transported objects.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
products that can implement techniques for visually indicating a thermal history may be collectively referred to as time-temperature paste (TTI), and are mainly classified into three categories: diffusion TTI, mainly TempDot in UKTM(ii) a Polymerization type, mainly U.S. VVMTM(ii) a Enzymatic reaction type, mainly OnVu in GermanyTM。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the indicating effect provided by the invention is that the color of the photonic crystal structure is weakened until disappears, the effect is obvious, the visual indication is easy to identify by naked eyes, the visual indicating device has simple visual indication, can be used for straight consumers, and has simple, reliable and strong visual indicating results.
2) The indicating effects of different heat accumulation stages of the invention are all based on the structural color of the photonic crystal structure, the color spectrum is single, the formed structural color is bright and pure, the conventional chemical pigment can not be used for reproduction through color matching, the possibility of counterfeiting and tampering the real heat accumulation process is avoided, and the result has non-tampering property.
3) The invention has low cost and is easy to industrialize.
4) The product of the invention has simple structure and is easy to store and transport.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
① preparation of monodisperse nano microspheres:
the monodisperse nano microsphere with the diameter of 215nm is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method, the solid content is 10 percent, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
a) weighing 0.58g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, dissolving in 90mL of deionized water, stirring in a 250mL three-neck flask at 300r/min, and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 min;
b) heating in water bath to 85 deg.C, and adding 5g styrene;
c) after 15min, 0.1g of potassium persulfate is added, and the reaction is carried out for 5 hours at 85 ℃ under the conditions of stirring and nitrogen protection, wherein the particle size of the obtained monodisperse nano microsphere is 215nm, and the polydispersity DPI is 0.02.
Wherein the styrene can be replaced by methyl methacrylate or acrylic acid.
② preparation of composite layer A:
a) coating the prepared monodisperse nano-microspheres on black PET, drying at 75 ℃, and self-assembling the monodisperse nano-microspheres on the black PET to form a photonic crystal material which is periodically arranged in a close-packed form; the thickness of the photonic crystal material coating is 10 micrometers, and the photonic crystal material coating presents a bright green structural color;
b) thus obtaining a composite layer A;
③ preparation of viscoelastic Polymer:
the butyl acrylate-styrene-methyl methacrylate ternary polymerization viscoelastic polymer is prepared by a solution polymerization method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding an emulsifier (sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS/OP-10 complex), water, part of styrene, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and an initiator, dissolving the mixture in a 500mL four-neck flask, stirring at 300r/min, introducing nitrogen, bubbling for 30min, heating to 60 ℃ until a reaction system is blue, dripping the rest of monomers (finishing dripping within 1 h) after 10min, adding the rest of the initiator in batches, heating to 75 ℃, reacting for about 3h, heating to 90 ℃ after no obvious reflux exists, preserving heat, reacting for 1h, and cooling to 40 ℃ to obtain the viscoelastic polymer. The ratio of butyl acrylate, styrene and methyl methacrylate structural units in the polymer was about 20:35: 45.
④ preparation of composite layer B:
a) coating the prepared viscoelastic polymer on transparent PET, wherein the thickness of the viscoelastic polymer coating is 10 microns;
b) thus obtaining a composite layer B;
⑤ start the operating state:
the surface of the composite layer A, which is attached with the photonic crystal material, is attached with the surface of the composite layer B, which is attached with the viscoelastic polymer, so that the two react to fade the structural color gradually.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
the time for complete fading of the structural color was 473 hours when the composite layer A, B was exposed to a temperature environment of 0 ℃.
The complete fade time for the composite layer A, B bond was 274 hours at 10 c.
The complete fade time for the composite layer A, B bond was 46 hours at 20 deg.C.
The complete fade time for the composite layer A, B combination was 11 hours at 30 ℃.
The visual heat accumulation indicator of the embodiment can be used for various foods which need to be refrigerated or have certain temperature requirements for life students, such as yoghourt, cakes, fresh milk and the like, and can conveniently monitor the temperature time accumulation of the foods so as to judge whether the foods are fresh or not.
Example 2
① preparation of monodisperse nano microspheres:
the monodisperse nano microsphere with the diameter of 215nm is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method, the solid content is 10 percent, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
a) weighing 0.58g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, dissolving in 90mL of deionized water, stirring in a 250mL three-neck flask at 300r/min, and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 min;
b) heating in water bath to 85 deg.C, and adding 5g styrene;
c) after 15min, 0.1g of potassium persulfate is added, and the reaction is carried out for 5 hours at 85 ℃ under the conditions of stirring and nitrogen protection, wherein the particle size of the obtained monodisperse nano microsphere is 215nm, and the polydispersity DPI is 0.02.
Wherein the styrene can be replaced by methyl methacrylate or acrylic acid.
② preparation of composite layer A:
a) coating the prepared monodisperse nano-microspheres on PET, drying at 75 ℃, and self-assembling the monodisperse nano-microspheres on the PET to form a photonic crystal material which is periodically arranged in a close-packed form; the thickness of the photonic crystal material coating is 10 micrometers, and the photonic crystal material coating presents a bright green structural color;
b) thus obtaining a composite layer A;
③ preparation of viscoelastic Polymer:
3 different viscoelastic materials of butyl acrylate-styrene-methyl methacrylate ternary polymerization viscoelastic polymers are prepared by adjusting the mass ratio of three monomers of styrene, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate by a solution polymerization method, and become mobile phases at 10 ℃, 20 and 30 ℃. The preparation method thereof refers to the corresponding steps of example 1.
④ preparation of composite layer B:
a) uniformly coating the prepared 3 viscoelastic polymers on different area positions of the transparent PET film, wherein the thickness of the viscoelastic polymer coating is 10 micrometers;
b) thus obtaining a composite layer B;
⑤ start the operating state:
the surface of the composite layer A, which is attached with the photonic crystal material, is attached with the surface of the composite layer B, which is attached with the viscoelastic polymer, so that the two react to fade the structural color gradually.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the present invention.
The foregoing embodiments and methods described herein may vary based on the abilities, experience, and preferences of those skilled in the art. The mere sequence listing of method steps does not constitute any limitation on the order of the method steps.
Claims (11)
1. A heat accumulation indicator, comprising: a composite layer A and a composite layer B, wherein,
the composite layer A comprises a substrate A, and at least one surface of the substrate A is provided with a photonic crystal layer;
the composite layer B comprises a substrate B, and at least one surface of the substrate B is provided with a viscoelastic polymer.
2. The heat accumulation indicator of claim 1 wherein the photonic crystal material is constructed of monodisperse nano-microspheres that are periodically closely packed in a close-packed form, preferably in a hexagonal close-packed form;
the raw materials of the monodisperse nano microsphere are selected from: one or a mixture of more than two of polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic acid, silicon dioxide, alumina, titanium dioxide, zirconia, ferroferric oxide, polyimide, silicon resin and phenolic resin.
3. The visual heat accumulation indicator of claim 2 where the monodisperse nanospheres have a refractive index of 1.0 to 2.5; and/or the viscoelastic polymer has a refractive index of 1.2 to 1.8.
4. The heat accumulation indicator of claim 2 wherein the monodisperse nanospheres have a polydispersity of less than 5%; and/or the particle size of the monodisperse nano microsphere is 80-1100 nm.
5. The heat accumulation indicator of claim 2 wherein the monodisperse nanospheres have a polydispersity of less than 0.5%; and/or the particle size of the monodisperse nano microsphere is 120-400 nm.
6. The thermal buildup indicator of claim 2, wherein said photonic crystal layer has a thickness of 1 to 50 μm; and/or the viscoelastic polymer has a thickness of 1 to 50 μm.
7. The heat accumulation indicator of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the viscoelastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of: one or a mixture or copolymer of more than two of polyisoprene, atactic polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, silane, vinyl acetate, acrylate methacrylate and styrene.
8. The visual heat accumulation indicator of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the materials of substrates A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of: one of plastic, paper, leather, metal, wood, and ceramic;
preferably, the substrate a and/or substrate B is transparent;
more preferably, the substrate a and/or substrate B is PET plastic.
9. The heat accumulation indicator of any one of claims 1-8 wherein a barrier layer C is disposed between the composite layer a and the composite layer B;
preferably, the barrier layer C is a PET release film.
10. A method of making a heat accumulation indicator as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
coating the photonic crystal material on a substrate A, and drying to obtain a composite layer A; and the number of the first and second groups,
coating the viscoelastic polymer on a substrate B, and drying to obtain a composite layer B;
preferably, the method further comprises the step of disposing a barrier layer C between the composite layer a and the composite layer B.
11. A method of monitoring the heat build-up history of an object comprising the step of attaching a heat build-up indicator according to any of claims 1-9 to the object or to the packaging of the object.
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| PCT/CN2019/101315 WO2021031063A1 (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2019-08-19 | Photonic crystal structure-based visualized heat accumulation indicator, manufacturing of same, and applications thereof |
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| CN115183900A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-10-14 | 复旦大学 | Application of 3D photonic crystal metamaterial thin film in preparation of time-temperature indicator |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN110770557B (en) | 2023-09-29 |
| WO2021031063A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
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