CN110769784B - 具有受保护的融合区的植入物 - Google Patents
具有受保护的融合区的植入物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110769784B CN110769784B CN201780080483.2A CN201780080483A CN110769784B CN 110769784 B CN110769784 B CN 110769784B CN 201780080483 A CN201780080483 A CN 201780080483A CN 110769784 B CN110769784 B CN 110769784B
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- implant
- outer member
- attached
- support member
- bend
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
一种用于在脊柱中使用的植入物,包括主体和多个结构构件。多个结构构件包括布置成在植入时接触椎骨的外部构件和为外部构件提供增强和稳定性的支撑构件。外部构件可以具有带有广义的螺旋形几何形状的部分。广义的螺旋形几何形状提供了远侧面向外的表面区域和近侧面向外的表面区域,并沿植入物的上表面和下表面形成一系列受保护的融合区,以培养相邻骨的生长。
Description
背景
实施方案总体上涉及用于支持患者体内的骨生长的植入物。
各种不同的植入物在身体内被使用。在身体内用于稳定一个区域和促进骨向内生长的植入物为骨向内生长提供稳定性(即,随时间推移在压力下的最小变形)和空间。
脊柱融合术(Spinal fusion),也被称为脊椎融合术(spondylodesis)或脊柱制动术(spondylosyndesis),是用于治疗诸如退行性椎间盘疾病、脊椎前移(spondylolisthesis)(脊椎滑脱)、椎管狭窄症、脊柱侧凸、骨折、感染或肿瘤等各种疾病的手术治疗方法。脊柱融合手术的目的是减少不稳定并因而减轻疼痛。
在准备脊柱融合术时,椎间盘的大部分被移除。可以将植入物(脊柱融合保持架(spinal fusion cage))放置在椎骨之间以保持脊柱对齐和椎间盘高度。融合(即骨桥)出现在椎骨的终板之间。
概述
在一个方面中,植入物包括具有第一部分和第二部分的主体,以及具有第一端部和第二端部的结构构件,其中结构构件的第一端部附接到主体的第一部分,并且结构构件的第二端部附接到主体的第二部分。结构构件具有中心构件弯曲部。结构构件暴露在植入物的外表面上。中心构件弯曲部包括缠绕段,并且中心构件弯曲部的缠绕段围绕固定路径缠绕。
在另一方面中,植入物包括具有基部部分和骨架部分(keel portion)的主体。骨架部分从基部部分以垂直方式延伸。植入物还包括具有长形几何形状的外部构件,其中外部构件包括第一外部构件端部和第二外部构件端部。植入物还包括具有长形几何形状的支撑构件,其中支撑构件包括第一支撑构件端部和第二支撑构件端部。第一外部构件端部附接到基部部分,并且第二外部构件端部附接到骨架部分。第一支撑构件端部附接到基部部分,并且第二支撑构件端部附接到基部部分。支撑构件附接到外部构件。
在另一方面中,植入物包括主体,其中主体包括将植入物分成上半部和下半部的横断面。植入物还包括附接到主体的第一外部构件,其中第一外部构件具有长形几何形状。植入物还包括连接到主体的第二外部构件,其中第二外部构件具有长形几何形状。植入物还包括附接到主体的支撑构件,其中支撑构件具有长形几何形状。支撑构件在第一附接区域处附接到第一外部构件,并且支撑构件在第二附接区域处附接到第二外部构件。在第一附接区域处,支撑构件布置成与第一外部构件距离横断面相比更靠近横断面;并且在第二附接区域处,支撑构件布置成与第二外部构件距离横断面相比更靠近横断面。
在另一方面中,植入物包括主体和附接到主体的外部构件,外部构件具有长形几何形状。植入物还包括具有长形几何形状的支撑构件,其中支撑构件附接到主体。外部构件具有面向外的表面部分,其中面向外的表面部分是包括第一远侧表面区域、近侧表面区域和第二远侧表面区域的弯曲表面部分。第一远侧表面区域构造为接触椎骨的表面,并且第二远侧表面区域构造为接触椎骨的表面。支撑构件在接近近侧表面区域的位置处附接到结构构件。
在分析下列附图和具体的实施方案后,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明的其它系统、方法、特征和优势将是,或将变成明显的。所有这类另外的系统、方法、特征和优点旨在被包括在本描述和本概述内、在本公开的范围内并且通过以下权利要求保护。
附图简述
参考以下的附图和描述可以更好地理解实施方案。附图中的部件不一定按比例绘制,而是将重点放在图示实施方案的原理上。此外,在附图中,相同的参考数字在全部的不同视图中表示对应的部分。
图1是根据一个实施方案的植入物的上侧面的等距视图;
图2是根据一个实施方案的植入物的下侧面的等距视图;
图3是隔离地示出的图1的植入物的主体的上侧面的等距视图;
图4是图3的主体的上侧面的前等距视图;
图5是根据一个实施方案的具有以虚线示出的一组支撑构件的植入物的示意性等距视图;
图6是图5的植入物的示意性等距视图,其中一组外部构件以虚线示出;
图7是根据一个实施方案的植入物的等距视图,包括数个结构构件的数个放大横截面图;
图8是根据一个实施方案的具有广义的螺旋形几何形状的弯曲部的示意图;
图9是根据一个实施方案的具有广义的螺旋形几何形状的另一弯曲部的示意图;
图10是根据一个实施方案的具有包括直线段的广义的螺旋形几何形状的弯曲部的示意图;
图11是根据一个实施方案的植入物的一部分的示意性等距视图,该植入物具有隔离地示出的一些结构构件,以便展示外部构件的广义的螺旋形几何形状;
图12是图11的植入物的示意性等距视图,包括图11中看出的结构构件的中心构件弯曲部;
图13是在一个或更多个区域中具有纹理表面的植入物的另一实施方案的示意图;
图14是图13的植入物的示意性前视图;
图15是图13的植入物的示意性外侧视图;
图16是描绘根据一个实施方案的附接到植入工具的植入物的示意图,其中植入物被骨生长促进材料覆盖;
图17是在前侧面观察的图16的植入物的示意图;
图18是根据一个实施方案的定位成用于插入两个椎骨之间的植入物的示意性等距视图;
图19是插入两个椎骨之间的图18的植入物的示意性等距视图;
图20是描述根据一个实施方案的在椎骨和外部构件之间形成的受保护的融合区的示意图;
图21是描述根据一个实施方案的骨生长到图20的受保护的融合区中的示意图;
图22是图21的受保护的融合区中的骨生长的示意图;
图23是根据一个实施方案的植入物的示意性等距视图,该等距视图具有带有骨生长促进材料的一部分的受保护的融合区的放大视图;
图24是当外部构件经历变形时图23的植入物的示意性等距视图;
图25是图23的骨生长促进材料的部分的示意性等距视图;以及
图26是植入物的另一实施方案的示意性等距视图。
详细描述
本文中描述的实施方案针对用于在脊柱中使用的植入物。实施方案包括具有主体和一个或更多个结构构件的植入物。除了下面讨论的各种装置(provisions)之外,任何实施方案可以利用Morris等人的2016年11月10日公布的并且标题为“Coiled Implants andSystems and Methods of Use Thereof(卷绕的植入物及其系统和使用方法)”的第2016/0324656号美国公布中公开的主体/支撑结构、框架、板、卷绕部或其它结构中的任何一个,该美国公布在此通过引用以其整体并入。为了方便起见,Morris申请在整个申请中将被称为“The Coiled Implant Application(卷绕的植入物申请)”。此外,任何实施方案可以利用McShane III等人的2017年2月16日公布的并且标题为“Implant with Arched BoneContacting Elements(具有拱形的骨接触元件的植入物)”的第2017/0042697号美国公布中公开的主体/支撑结构、框架、板或其它结构中的任何一个,该美国公布在此通过引用以其整体并入。
植入物的介绍
图1和图2图示了植入物100的实施方案的等距视图。具体地,图1是植入物100的顶侧面或上侧面的等距视图,而图2是植入物100的底侧面或下侧面的等距视图。植入物100也可以被称为保持架或融合设备。在一些实施方案中,植入物100构造成植入人体的一部分内。在一些实施方案中,植入物100可以构造成用于植入脊柱中。在一些实施方案中,植入物100可以是脊柱融合植入物或脊柱融合设备,其插入相邻椎骨之间以提供支撑和/或促进椎骨之间的融合。
在一些实施方案中,植入物100可包括主体102。主体102通常可以为植入物100提供框架或骨架。在一些实施方案中,植入物100还可以包括多个结构构件104。多个结构构件104可以附接到主体102和/或与主体102连续地形成(或“一体形成”)。
如本文中使用的,每个结构构件包括跨越植入物的一部分的独特构件或元件。结构构件可以重叠或相交,类似于格架或其它3D网格结构中的元件。一些实施方案可以使用构件长度大于其宽度和厚度的结构构件。在结构构件具有近似圆形横截面形状的实施方案中,结构构件具有大于其直径的长度。在图1-2中看出的实施方案中,可以看到每个结构构件具有近似圆化的或圆形的横截面形状(即,该构件具有实心管的几何形状)。然而,在其它实施方案中,结构构件可以具有任何其它横截面形状,包括但不限于各种多边形横截面形状,以及任何其它规则和/或不规则横截面形状。例如,在一些情况下,结构构件的横截面形状可以沿其长度变化(例如,直径可以沿其长度变化)。
为了清楚起见,在整个详细描述和权利要求中参考了各种方向性的形容词。如本文中所使用的,术语“前”是指当植入物已经放置在身体内时预期朝向人体前部定向的植入物的一侧或部分。同样,术语“后”是指在植入后预期朝向人体后部定向的植入物的一侧或部分。此外,术语“上”是指预期朝向身体的顶部(例如头部)定向的植入物的一侧或部分,而“下”是指预期朝向身体的下部定向的植入物的一侧或部分。本文中还参考植入物的“外侧”侧或部分,它们是沿身体的外侧方向面向的侧或部分(其对应于患者的左侧或右侧)。
在图1-2中,植入物100被理解为构造成具有前侧面110和后侧面112。植入物100还可以包括在植入物100的相对的侧上在后侧面112和前侧面110之间延伸的第一外侧面114和第二外侧面116。此外,植入物100还可以包括上侧面130和下侧面140。
还参考了相对于植入物本身的方向或轴线,而不是植入物关于身体的预期方向。例如,术语“远侧”是指距离植入物的中心更远的部分,而术语“近侧”是指距离植入物的中心更近的部分。如本文中所使用的,“植入物的中心”可以是质心和/或中心平面和/或另一个居中定位的参考表面。
植入物也可以与各种轴线相关联。参照图1,植入物100可以与纵向轴线120相关联,该纵向轴线120沿植入物100的最长维度在第一外侧面114和第二外侧面116之间延伸。此外,植入物100可以与前后轴线122(也称为“横向轴线”)相关联,前后轴线122沿植入物100的横向维度在后侧面112和前侧面110之间延伸。此外,植入物100可以与竖直轴线124相关联,竖直轴线124沿植入物100的厚度维度延伸,并且其大致垂直于纵向轴线120和前后轴线122两者。
植入物也可以与各种参考平面或表面相关联。如本文中使用的,术语“正中面”是指从植入物的前侧面到后侧面的竖直平面,将植入物分成右半部和左半部或外侧半部。如本文中所使用的,术语“横断面”是指位于植入物的中心的水平面,其将植入物分成上半部和下半部。如本文中所使用的,术语“冠状面”是指位于植入物的中心的竖直平面,其将植入物分成前半部和后半部。在一些实施方案中,植入物关于诸如正中面和横断面的两个平面对称。
主体
图3和图4分别隔离地图示了主体102的示意性等距视图,为了清楚起见,移除了多个结构构件104。在一些实施方案中,主体可以包括朝向不同方向定向的不同的框架部分。在图3-4中所示的实施方案中,主体102包括基部框架部分200,也简称为“基部部分200”。在一些实施方案中,基部部分200具有与纵向轴线120对齐的最长维度和与植入物100的前后轴线122对齐的横向维度(例如,第二最长维度)。此外,在一些实施方案中,基部部分200可以被表征为相对平坦且平行于植入物100的横断面。在一些实施方案中,基部部分200可以位于上侧面130和下侧面140之间的大约一半处(例如,相对于竖直轴线124居中地位于植入物100内),并因此可以与植入物100的横断面重合。然而,在其它实施方案中,基部部分200可以布置成相比下侧面140更靠近上侧面130,反之亦然。
在图3-4中所示的实施方案中,主体102还包括竖直定向的框架部分,这里称为中心骨架部分202。在一些实施方案中,中心骨架部分202可以具有其沿前后轴线122定向的最长方向和其沿竖直轴线124定向的宽度或第二大维度。此外,在一些情况下,中心骨架部分202可以位于第一外侧面114和第二外侧面116之间的大约一半处(例如,相对于纵向轴线120居中地位于植入物100内),并因此可以与植入物100的正中面重合。然而,在其它实施方案中,中心骨架部分202可以布置成相比第二外侧面116更靠近第一外侧面114,反之亦然。
在一些实施方案中,植入物的一个或更多个侧(包括外侧面和/或前侧面/后侧面)可以包括外围框架部分。在图3-4的实施方案中,可以看出主体102包括布置在后侧面112处的外围框架部分204,该后侧面也可以被称为植入物100的“后壁”。可以看出外围框架部分204从基部部分200竖直延伸)。相比之下,在图3-4的实施方案中,前侧面110不具有竖直延伸超过基部部分200厚度的任何框架部分或壁。框架部分204的存在可以提高针对沿脊柱的后侧面施加的竖直载荷的支撑和强度。
尽管本实施方案在植入物100的后侧面上使用竖直定向的框架或壁,但是在其它实施方案中,竖直定向的框架或壁可以位于植入物100的前侧面上。这种可选构造将在下面讨论,并在图13-15的实施方案中示出。在其它实施方案中,植入物可以沿其周界(即,沿后侧面、前侧面或外侧面)不具有任何竖直壁。
通常,主体的一个或更多个框架部分(例如,基部部分200、中心骨架部分202和框架部分204)的几何形状可以因不同的实施方案而变化。例如,框架部分可以包括一个或更多个窗口、狭槽和/或开口,这些窗口、狭槽和/或开口可以有助于穿过植入物100的骨生长和/或可以减轻重量。在一些实施方案中,一个或更多个框架部分中的开口可以提供对植入物100的内部区域的改进的接近,这可以有助于骨生长促进材料(BGPM)的插入,如下面进一步详细讨论的。
在图3-4的实施方案中,基部部分200可以包括实心外周225。另外,基部部分200可以包括多个狭槽230,该多个狭槽230将基部部分200分成后段232、前段234和中段236。在图3-4的实施方案中,每个段与中心骨架部分202相交。此外,中心骨架部分202可以进一步将狭槽230分开成由中心骨架部分202纵向分开的一对狭槽。然而,在其它实施方案中,狭槽230可以延伸穿过中心骨架部分202。
在一些实施方案中,中心骨架部分202可以包括开口。在其它实施方案中,中心骨架部分202可以包括不具有开口的实心框架。在一些实施方案中,提供开口可以允许骨生长发生在植入物100内部的相对的外侧面之间。
在一些实施方案中,框架部分204可以包括开口。在其它实施方案中,框架部分204可以不包括开口。在一些实施方案中,框架部分中的开口可以提供用于将骨移植材料或BGMP插入植入物内部的进入点。框架部分204中开口的数量、大小和/或形状可以变化。在一些情况下,可以使用三个或更多个开口。在其它情况下,可以使用两个开口。在其它情况下,可以使用单个开口。可以使用的开口的示例性形状包括但不限于:圆化的开口、矩形开口、多边形开口、规则开口和/或不规则开口。在图3-4的实施方案中,框架部分204包括四个矩形开口249。在图14中所示的又一个实施方案中,框架部分704包括两个大的椭圆形窗口(即,第一窗口757和第二窗口759),其有助于骨移植材料(或BGMP)插入植入物的内部。
一些实施方案可以包括有助于植入(包括植入物的插入和/或固定)的装置。一些实施方案可以包括紧固件接纳部分。例如,如图4中所示,植入物100包括紧固件接纳部分238。紧固件接纳部分238包括螺纹开口239和支撑螺纹开口239的增强套环237。在一些实施方案中,螺纹开口239可以构造成接纳具有对应螺纹末端部的工具,以有助于植入物100的植入。在一些实施方案中,螺纹开口239可以与螺钉一起使用,以帮助将植入物100附接到骨头或另一固定设备。在其它实施方案中,用于接纳紧固件和/或植入工具的任何其它特征可以结合到植入物100中。
结构构件
植入物可以包括两种或更多种结构构件。在一些实施方案中,植入物可以包括一个或更多个外部结构构件,或者简单地称为“外部构件”。外部构件大致上可以完全暴露在植入物的外表面上,包括沿植入物的上侧面和下侧面。外部构件可以构造为骨接触构件,其可以在植入后接触椎骨。然而,在其它实施方案中,一个或更多个外部构件的一些部分可以被沿植入物外表面的另一元件隐藏或覆盖。
在一些实施方案中,植入物可以包括为一个或更多个外部构件提供支撑的一个或更多个结构构件。这样的支撑结构构件可以被称作“支撑构件”。在一些实施方案中,每个支撑构件的至少一些部分可以被植入物的外部构件或另一元件隐藏或覆盖。因此,支撑构件也可以被表征为“内部构件”,因为它们大致上布置在植入物的内部内,其中内部可以由主体和外部构件限定。
图5和图6示出了根据实施方案的植入物100的示意性等距视图。如图5-6中看出的,植入物100可以包括多个外部构件180以及多个支撑构件182。在图5中可以清楚地看到外部构件180,其中支撑构件182中的一些以虚线画出,以更清楚地详细显示外部构件。同样,在图6中可以清楚地看到支撑构件182,其中外部构件180中的一些以虚线画出,以更清楚地详细显示支撑构件。
在一些实施方案中,外部构件可以布置在内部构件的远侧,外部构件沿植入物的上侧面和下侧面大致上布置得向外更远。因此,在植入到脊柱中后,外部构件大致上可以布置得更靠近椎骨终板。此外,在外部构件附接到内部构件的区域处,外部构件的被附接的部分可以布置在内部构件的被附接的部分的远侧。作为一个示例,图7图示了植入物100的示意性等距视图,其包括外部构件370和支撑构件390之间的附接区域189的放大横截面视图。这里,可以看出外部构件370向上延伸并越过支撑构件390。此外,可以看出外部构件370位于支撑构件390的远侧。这里,远侧旨在指距离基部部分200或植入物100的横断面更远地布置。
如图1-2中最佳地看出的,多个结构构件104可以被布置成四个不同的组,其被基部部分200或被中心骨架部分202分开。具体地,多个结构构件104包括第一组结构构件260、第二组结构构件262、第三组结构构件264和第四组结构构件266。每组包括外部构件和支撑构件,每组的构件在植入物100的其相应的象限中附接到基部部分200、中心骨架部分202和/或框架部分204。
结构构件与主体的附接
下面的讨论主要针对第一组结构构件260,然而可以理解,这里讨论的特定结构构件的类似性质和原理可以应用于其余组中的任一组中的结构构件。
在一些实施方案中,一个或更多个结构构件可以是不具有端部的闭环。在其它实施方案中,至少一些结构构件包括两个端部。在一些情况下,具有两个端部的结构构件可以包括附接到另一结构构件的一个或更多个端部。在其它情况下,可以布置具有个两个端部的结构构件,使得两个端部附接到植入物的主体的一部分。在图5-6中所描绘的示例性实施方案中,每个结构构件包括两个端部,每个端部附接到植入物100的主体102的某个部分。
在一些实施方案中,植入物可以包括至少一个外部构件,其中一个端部附接到基部部分,并且另一个端部附接到中心骨架部分。例如,如图5中所看出的,外部构件300包括附接到中心骨架部分202的第一端部302和附接到基部部分200的第二端部304。
在一些实施方案中,植入物可以包括至少一个外部构件,其中一个端部附接到框架部分(或侧壁),并且另一个端部附接到中心骨架部分。例如,如在图5中看出的,外部构件310包括附接到中心骨架部分202的第一端部312和附接到框架部分204的第二端部314。
在一些实施方案中,植入物可以包括至少一个外部构件,其中两个端部附接到植入物的基部部分。例如,如在图5中看出的,外部构件320包括附接到基部部分200的第一部分332的第一端部322,并且外部构件320包括附接到基部部分200的第二部分334的第二端部324。
在不同的实施方案中,支撑构件可以附接到主体的不同部分。在一些实施方案中,支撑构件的一个或更多个端部可以附接到基部部分。在其它实施方案中,支撑构件的一个或更多个端部可以附接到中心骨架部分。在其它实施方案中,支撑构件的一个或更多个端部可以附接到前框架部分或后框架部分。
在图6的示例性实施方案中,支撑构件中的许多个在两端部处附接到基部部分200。例如,支撑构件340包括附接到基部部分200的第一端部342和附接到基部部分200的第二端部344。其它支撑构件还在一个端部处附接到框架部分204。例如,支撑构件350包括附接到基部部分200的第一端部352和附接到框架部分204的第二端部354。
这里描述的用于将外部构件和支撑构件附接到主体的特定布置可以提高植入物的效用和强度。具体地,通过将一些外部构件的一个端部固定到中心骨架部分或固定到侧框架部分,暴露于相邻椎骨以用于融合的外部构件的总的表面积可以最大化。此外,通过将支撑构件中的至少一些在两端部处附接到主体,支撑构件在长度上可以变短并且成拱形,以便改进对外部构件的承载支撑。
结构构件与主体的布置也可以被设计成实现需要的总开口体积。如本文中使用的,总体积是结构构件之间的任何开口、主体中或结构构件和主体之间的任何开口的组合体积。这种开口构造可以有助于植入物内和穿过植入物的骨生长。在将植入物插入之前或之后,开口空间的部分或全部任选地填充有骨移植物或骨生长促进材料以有助于骨生长。
任何特定植入物内的开口空间的总体积(也简称为开口空间体积)取决于植入物的总体尺寸以及植入物内的包括结构构件、框架部分等的单独部件的大小和尺寸。开口空间体积可以在植入物的体积的约20%至80%的范围内。在一些实施方案中,植入物100可以具有植入物的总体积的25%和80%之间的开口空间体积。在另外的实施方案中,植入物100可以具有总植入物体积的40%至75%之间的开口空间体积。
全局对称
在一些实施方案中,植入物可以构造成具有一个或更多个对称。在某些情况下,植入物可以具有关于一个或更多个参考平面的镜像对称。在其它情况下,植入物可以具有关于一个或更多个参考平面的平移对称。在其它情况下,植入物可以同时具有镜像对称和平移对称两者。
参考图1和图2,植入物100可以包括至少一个镜像对称。出于参考的目的,植入物100可以分开成上半部和下半部。这里,植入物100的“上半部”包括布置在横断面上方的主体102部分和多个结构构件104。同样,植入物100的“下半部分”包括布置在横断面下方的主体102部分和多个结构构件104。
相对于横断面(在该实施方案中,横断面大致与基部部分200重合),可以看出植入物100的上半部与植入物100的下半部是镜像的。这不仅包括主体的几何形状,还包括每个结构构件的形状、大小和定向。可以理解,该镜像对称可以在一些实施方案中仅是近似的。
出于参考的目的,植入物100可以分开成第一外侧半部和第二外侧半部。参照图1-2,“第一外侧半部”包括植入物100的布置在第一外侧边缘270和中心骨架部分202之间的部分,而“第二外侧半部”包括植入物100的布置在第二外侧边缘272之间的部分。
在图1-2中所示的实施方案中可以观察到,第一外侧半部中的结构构件104的构造大致类似于第二外侧半部中的结构构件104的构造。更具体地,结构构件104的图案贯穿第一外侧半部和第二外侧半部重复。与结构构件的图案相反,下方的基部部分200的几何形状关于中心骨架部分202镜像对称,而不是重复的构造。
外部构件的螺旋形几何形状
实施方案可以包括用于保护沿植入物的外部构件和邻近植入物的外部构件的骨生长的装置。在一些实施方案中,外部构件可以构造成具有帮助保护选定区域或“受保护的融合区”中新骨生长的几何形状。在一些实施方案中,外部构件可以具有螺旋的、螺旋形或扭曲的几何形状,其提供用于增强骨生长的一系列这样的受保护的融合区。
一些外部构件可以具有广义的螺旋形几何形状。如本文中使用的,“广义的螺旋形几何形状”或“螺旋几何形状”是指这样的几何形状,其中零件(部分、构件等)围绕固定路径缠绕、弯转、扭曲、旋转或以其它方式弯曲。在某些情况下,固定路径可以是直的。在其它情况下,固定路径可以是弯曲的。例如,在本实施方案中,固定路径是大致上直段和弯曲段的组合。
图8图示了具有广义的螺旋形几何形状的弯曲部400的示意图。可以看出,弯曲部400围绕自身是弯曲的固定路径402缠绕。然而,与弯曲部400相比,固定路径402不包括任何弯转部、缠绕部等。卷绕的植入物申请的图1中示出了具有直线固定路径的螺旋形弯曲部的示例。
具有广义的螺旋形几何形状的弯曲部(也称为广义的螺旋形弯曲部)可以用围绕固定路径的“卷绕部”、“弯转部”或“缠绕部”来表征。可以表征广义的螺旋形弯曲部的特定几何形状的示例性参数可以包括卷绕部直径(包括大直径和小直径两者)和节距(pitch)(即相邻卷绕部之间的间距)。在某些情况下,卷绕部或环状物的“幅度”也可以用来描述卷绕部或环状物的直径或宽度维度。这些参数中的每一个可以是恒定的,或者可以在广义的螺旋形弯曲部的长度上变化。
广义的螺旋形弯曲部不需要是圆形或甚至圆拱形的。例如,在一些实施方案中,广义的螺旋形弯曲部可以具有线性分段形状(或局部多边形形状),使得每个“卷绕部”或“弯转部”包括直线段而不是圆弧或其它弯曲段。这样的广义的螺旋形弯曲部的示例在图9中示出。参考图9,可以看到广义的螺旋形弯曲部420包括直线段422。相邻段之间的角度使得它们以“多边形卷绕部”围绕固定路径424缠绕或环绕。
广义的螺旋形弯曲部也可以包括弯曲段和直线段的组合。这样的组合的弯曲部的示例在图10中描绘。参考图10,广义的螺旋形弯曲部440包括围绕固定路径444硬化(curing)的大致圆拱形的(即,弯曲的)卷绕段442。此外,弯曲部440包括在相邻卷绕部之间延伸的至少一个直线段。
尽管图8-10中所示的广义弯曲部是一维弯曲部,但是类似的原理可以应用于三维零件,包括结构构件。
为了表征一个或更多个结构构件的几何形状,每个结构构件可以理解为具有“中心构件弯曲部”。每个结构构件的中心构件弯曲部可以被界定为沿结构构件的长度延伸使得沿弯曲部的每个点居中地定位在结构构件内的弯曲部。
在结构构件以比结构构件自身的横截面直径大得多的幅度或直径围绕固定路径缠绕或环绕的实施方案中,结构构件可以缠绕成可见的不同的卷绕部。这样的卷绕部在卷绕的植入物申请中被详细地讨论。然而,在其它实施方案中,结构构件可以以比结构构件本身的横截面直径小的幅度或直径围绕固定路径缠绕。在这种情况下,结构构件的产生的几何形状可能看起来是扭曲的,但是该几何形状可以不具有在卷绕的植入物申请中看到的不同的卷绕部。然而,可以理解的是,虽然这种结构构件的最外表面可能不呈现不同的卷绕部,但是结构构件的中心构件弯曲部的确具有这样的卷绕部或弯转部,并且还具有清晰的广义的螺旋形几何形状。
图11是植入物100的示意性等距视图,示出了单个外部构件300。这里,两个支撑构件也是可见的。为了清楚起见,在图11中移除了其余的结构构件。图12是主体102的示意性等距视图,为了清楚起见,移除了所有结构构件。
如在图11中看出的,外部构件300的外表面呈现出表示螺旋或螺旋形的扭曲的几何形状。然而,由于缠绕部以比外部构件300的厚度小得多的幅度发生,因此零件的几何形状可能难以识别。当考虑外部构件300的中心构件弯曲部502(在图12中清晰地看出)在其围绕固定路径540(也在图12中示出)缠绕时的几何形状时,外部构件300的广义的螺旋形几何形状变得更加清晰。
为了图示外部构件300的缠绕几何形状,图11包括沿外部构件300截取的一系列横截面视图。在第一部分510的第一横截面视图中,可以看出中心构件弯曲部502的第一点(在图11中用十字表示)与固定路径540的对应点(用圆表示)近似对齐。在第二部分512处,可以看出中心构件弯曲部502的第二点定位在远离固定路径540的对应点的第一旋转位置处。在第三部分514处,可以看出中心构件弯曲部502的第三点定位在远离固定路径540的对应点的第二旋转位置处。因此,可以看出,当外部构件300沿其在基部部分200和中心骨架部分202之间的延伸部以小幅度扭曲时,中心构件弯曲部502的确绕固定路径540缠绕或成螺旋状。这里,可以理解的是,固定路径540代表外部构件300的“平均”路径或近似路径,其忽略了一些段处的螺旋偏差。
比较图11和图12清楚地看出,外部构件300的横截面直径550大于中心构件弯曲部502中卷绕部或弯转部的对应的缠绕直径552。在其它实施方案中,外部构件的横截面直径可以小于其中心构件弯曲部的卷绕部或弯转部的对应的缠绕直径。在这样的实施方案中,外部构件将以一系列不同的卷绕部来构造。
参考图11和图12,外部构件300在其整个长度上不具有广义的螺旋形几何形状。反而是,其中心构件弯曲部被构造成具有缠绕段,其中中心构件弯曲部围绕固定路径完成数个完整的弯转部(图11-12中为三个)。远离缠绕段,其中心构件弯曲部可以不包括任何弯转部、扭曲部等。
尽管本实施方案包括至少一个外部构件,该外部构件具有围绕固定路径形成一个或更多个完整的弯转部的缠绕段,但是其它实施方案可以构造成具有围绕固定路径仅形成部分弯转部的中心构件弯曲部。
虽然这里的描述集中在单个外部构件300的几何形状上,但是可以理解,多个结构构件104中的其余外部构件中的一些或全部可以具有相似的广义的螺旋形几何形状。还可以理解,两个不同的外部构件可以具有稍微不同的几何形状,不同的外部构件弯曲部包括缠绕部数量、缠绕部形状等的变化。
在一些实施方案中,植入物可以包括外部构件,与植入物的长度、宽度或高度相比,该外部构件在小距离上是局部螺旋形的。例如,植入物100可以表征为具有局部螺旋形或局部螺旋而不是全局螺旋形的外部构件。特别地,植入物100的每个外部构件被限定在植入物100的单个象限内,并且不跨过植入物100的横断面或正中面。因此,在远小于植入物长度、宽度或高度的一半的距离上实现外部构件的完整弯转部。这允许植入物的每个象限内有多个缠绕部,并且还导致缠绕部之间的节距小于植入物的长度、宽度或高度。例如,在图12中,中心构件弯曲部502在相邻缠绕部或弯转部之间具有节距529,节距529小于外部构件300长度的三分之一。节距529也小于植入物100的长度的十分之一。这种相对较小的节距尺寸允许沿每个外部构件有更大数量的近侧表面区域,从而增加植入物100的下表面和上表面的可用的受保护的融合区的数量。
在一些实施方案中,外部构件的螺旋状几何形状提供了暴露在植入物上侧面和下侧面上的不同区域。例如,回到图7参考,每个外部构件包括一个或更多个远侧区域360,该一个或更多个远侧区域360可以被视为沿植入物100的上侧面130的外部构件中的“峰”。在至少一些实施方案中,这些远侧区域360可以是平坦化的或“平滑化的”,以便在上侧面130(和下侧面140)上提供平坦的或平滑的最远侧表面,从而有助于与相邻椎骨的接触。例如,参见图15,图15示出了植入物的另一个实施方案,其中可以看出植入物的近似平滑的上表面和下表面。在其它实施方案中,远侧表面区域可以是弯曲的。在一些情况下,远侧表面区域可以具有与外部构件的相邻表面区域的曲率相匹配的曲率。在其它情况下,远侧表面区域可以具有与外部构件的相邻表面区域不同的曲率(例如,更凸)。
外部构件还可以包括近侧区域362,近侧区域362可以被视为沿植入物100的上侧面130的外部构件中的“谷”。尽管远侧区域360可以在植入物100的植入期间和之后直接与椎骨接触,但是近侧区域362可以凹进或者与椎骨的直接接触间隔开,至少在新骨生长已经产生之前。
作为特定示例,图7包括外部构件370和下方的支撑构件390的一部分的放大横截面图。具体地,外部构件370的面向外的表面部分372是可见的。如本文中使用的,外部构件的“面向外的表面部分”是在植入期间外部构件的面向椎骨或者背离植入物的内部的表面的部分。面向外的表面部分372包括第一远侧表面区域380、近侧表面区域382和第二远侧表面区域384。如下文进一步详细讨论的,这种局部几何形状提供了邻近每个近侧表面区域的一系列受保护的融合区,在该一系列受保护的融合区中,在早期骨融合期间可以保护新骨生长。
支撑构件的拱状几何形状
虽然外部构件可以具有广义的螺旋形几何形状,但是可以选择支撑构件的几何形状以增强强度和支撑。在一些实施方案中,支撑构件可以具有大致管状(实心)形状,并且可以以简单的弯曲部从主体的一部分延伸到另一部分。特别地,在一些情况下,支撑构件的中心构件弯曲部可以平滑地弯曲,而没有任何局部的扭曲部、缠绕部或卷绕部。
参照图11,本实施方案的支撑构件大致为管状,并且以简单的弯曲部从主体102的一部分延伸到另一部分。例如,支撑构件600和支撑构件602均以弧形形状从基部部分200的前段234延伸到中段236。此外,如在图12中看出的,这些支撑构件的中心构件弯曲部606不包括围绕固定曲线的缠绕部、卷绕部或扭曲部。
因此,可以理解,在一些实施方案中,支撑构件大致上可以更短,并且其几何形状可以更加呈拱状,以提高强度并为外部构件提供增加的支撑。相比之下,外部构件可以大致上具有较长的长度,并且相对于支撑构件可以在形状上不太像拱状,因为外部构件需要延伸跨过植入物的上/下侧面的尽可能多的部分以提供与椎骨的接触。
虽然一些实施方案包括具有广义的螺旋形几何形状的外部构件和具有拱状几何形状的内部支撑构件,但是在其它实施方案中,任何结构构件可以构造成具有任何类型的几何形状。例如,在另一个实施方案中,一个或更多个内部支撑构件可以具有广义的螺旋形几何形状。在又一实施方案中,一个或更多个外部构件可以具有拱状几何形状。
近侧区域处的支撑件
在不同的实施方案中,支撑构件和外部构件之间的附接可以发生在不同的位置处。在一些实施方案中,支撑构件可以沿外部构件的外表面附接在远侧表面区域附近。在其它实施方案中,支撑构件可以沿外部构件的外表面附接在近侧表面区域附近。
在一些实施方案中,每个支撑构件构造成在邻近外部构件的近侧表面区域(或在其下方)的位置处附接到对应的外部构件。例如,如图11中所示,支撑构件600的附接部分610在对应于外部构件300的近侧表面区域620的位置处附接到外部构件300。同样,植入物100的每一个其它支撑构件仅在对应于近侧表面区域的位置处附接到一个或更多个外部构件。
这种构造提供了受保护的融合区,该融合区包围紧邻近侧区域的空间。受保护的融合区是沿植入物的上/下表面的位置,在该位置可以部分地保护新骨生长免受由相邻支撑构件施加到外部构件的力或直接来自椎骨的力。
通过将一个或更多个外部构件构造成具有至少一个螺旋形部分,外部构件可以在植入物的上侧面和下侧面上提供一个或更多个受保护的融合区。这些受保护的融合区包围紧邻外部构件的近侧区域的空间。由近侧区域提供的凹进空间允许与在远侧区域处可能发生的初始融合相邻的新骨生长的凹穴(pockets)。此外,因为支撑构件附接在近侧表面区域附近而不是远侧表面区域处,所以由支撑构件或者由椎骨施加到外部构件的力可以被引导远离受保护的融合区,从而最小化对新骨生长的干扰。图20-22示出了受保护的融合区内骨生长的演示,并在下面讨论它。
具有表面纹理的可选实施方案
实施方案可以包括对植入物的一个或更多个表面进行纹理化的装置。这种纹理化可以增加或以其它方式促进骨生长和/或融合到植入物的表面。在一些实施方案中,外部构件可以是纹理化的,而支撑构件可以不是纹理化的。这帮助初始骨生长沿外部构件被引导,并且尤其是被引导进入受保护的融合区,而不是最初地跨过支撑构件生长。然而,在其它实施方案中,支撑构件可以包括表面纹理。在另外的实施方案中,主体的一个或更多个表面可以包括表面纹理。参照图13,植入物700的一个实施方案可以包括外部构件702上以及侧框架部分704和中心骨架部分706的下表面和上表面上的表面纹理。
在一些实施方案中,植入物的一个或更多个区域的表面结构可以被粗糙化或具有不规则性。通常,这种粗糙化结构可以通过使用酸蚀刻、喷丸或喷砂、用钛溅射镀膜、将钛或钴铬珠粒烧结到植入物表面上以及其它方法来实现。在一些实施方案中,粗糙度可以通过在植入物的一个或更多个区域的表面上3D打印凸起图案来产生。在一些实施方案中,产生的粗糙化表面可以具有不同大小的孔。在一些实施方案中,孔大小可以在约0.2mm和0.8mm之间的范围内。在一个实施方案中,孔大小可以是约0.5mm。当然,在其它实施方案中,包括小于0.2mm和/或大于0.8mm的孔大小的表面粗糙度是可能的。
植入物700可以包括与上面讨论的植入物100相似的装置。例如,植入物700可以包括主体部分和多个结构构件。在一些情况下,主体部分可以包括侧框架部分704。在图13的实施方案中,侧框架部分704位于植入物700的前侧面710上而不是后侧面上。
双凸形几何形状
图14和图15分别提供植入物700的前侧视图和外侧(或外侧端部)视图。如在图14-15中看出的,植入物700可以构造成具有双凸形几何形状。具体地,可以看出框架部分704具有凸形的上侧边缘750和类似凸形的下侧边缘752。此外,当从图15中所示的外侧端部观察时,植入物700沿上侧面和下侧面具有近似凸形的形状。在一些情况下,中心骨架部分706可以构造成具有也是凸形的上边缘780和下边缘782。因此,可以看出,植入物700在纵向方向和横向方向上均是凸形的,这帮助匹配椎骨终板的几何形状。因此,将植入物布置成在上侧面和下侧面具有凸形外表面帮助确保远侧表面785(即,“平坦化表面”)接触相对的椎骨板的凹形表面。然而,在其它实施方案中,植入物的下表面和/或上表面可以是凹形的、平坦的、锥形的/成角度的,以提供前凸(lordosis)或后凸(kyphosis)等形状。
在一些实施方案中,植入物的至少一个外侧面可以成形为有助于容易插入。如图14-15中最佳示出的,由于主体701的锥形几何形状和结构构件702的锥形布置,外侧面760构造为圆化的端部,以提高易插入性。在某些情况下,这可以称为“子弹形鼻部(bulletednose)”构造。
植入
图16-19图示了植入植入物800的过程的各种示意图。首先参考图16-17,植入过程可以从将骨生长促进材料(也称为BGPM)施加至植入物开始。如本文中所用的,“骨生长促进材料”是帮助骨生长的任何材料。骨生长促进材料可以包括冷冻干燥到表面上或通过使用连结分子或结合剂粘附到金属的装置(provisions)。骨生长促进材料的示例是包括骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)(例如BMP-1、BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-6以及BMP-7)的任何材料。这些是将干细胞转化成骨形成细胞的激素。进一步的示例包括重组的人类BMP(rhBMP),如rhBMP-2、rhBMP-4和rhBMP-7。更进一步的示例包括血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、胶原蛋白、BMP模拟肽以及RGD肽。通常,也可以使用这些化学物质的组合。这些化学物质可以用海绵、基质或凝胶来施加。
一些骨生长促进材料也可以通过使用等离子喷涂或电化学技术施加至可植入假体。这些材料的示例包括但不限于羟基磷灰石、β三磷酸钙、硫酸钙、碳酸钙以及其它化学物质。
骨生长促进材料可以包括骨移植物或骨移植替代物,或者可以与骨移植物或骨移植替代物结合使用。多种材料可用作骨移植物或骨移植替代物,包括自体移植物(从患者身体的髂嵴采集)、同种异体移植物、脱矿骨基质和各种合成材料。
一些实施方案可以使用自体移植物。自体移植物提供了与钙胶原骨架的脊柱融合,以用于新骨生长(骨传导)。此外,自体移植物包含骨生长细胞、间充质干细胞和再生骨的成骨细胞。最后,自体移植物包含骨生长蛋白,包括骨形态发生蛋白(BMP),以培养患者体内的新骨生长。
骨移植替代物可以包括包含磷酸钙或羟基磷灰石的合成材料、含有干细胞的产品(其使干细胞与其它种类的骨移植替代物中的一种结合)、以及含有生长因子的基质,例如来自Medtronic公司的(含rhBMP-2的骨移植物)
应当理解,这里列出的装置并不意味着是可能的骨生长促进材料、骨移植物或骨移植替代物的详尽列举。
在一些实施方案中,BGPM可以施加至植入物的一个或更多个外表面。在其它实施方案中,BGPM可以施加至植入物内的内部体积。在其它实施方案中,BGPM可以施加至植入物的外表面和内部。如图16-17中所看出,BGPM 850已经放置在植入物800的内部内,并且还被施加在植入物800的上表面和下表面上。此外,如图17中所示,BGPM 850已经穿过植入物800的第一窗口857和第二窗口859被插入(并延伸穿过第一窗口857和第二窗口859)。
图18和图19示出了植入前(图18)和植入后(图19)的植入物的示意图。一旦植入,植入物800可以布置在相邻椎骨之间并与其直接接触。具体地,植入物800的上侧面802抵靠第一椎骨812布置。同样,植入物800的下侧面804抵靠第二椎骨814布置。
在不同的实施方案中,植入方法可以变化。在一些实施方案中,植入物800可以固定到植入工具801(在图16-18中部分地可见),植入工具801用于将植入物800推动到脊柱中。植入工具801可以是任何棒条、撞杆(ram)、杆或其它设备,其可以被锤打、撞击(ram)或以其它方式被推动以将植入物800定位在相邻椎骨之间。如前提到的,在一些情况下,植入工具可以在紧固件接纳部分(即,用于接纳来自工具的螺纹轴的螺纹开口)处附接到植入物800。
图20-22描绘了沿植入物800的骨生长的顺序。更具体地,图20-22示出了外部构件830(从侧面看)和支撑构件832(从正面看)相对于椎骨812的一部分的放大示意图。最初,外部构件830的第一远侧表面区域840和第二远侧表面区域842邻近椎骨812布置。在一些情况下,远侧表面区域可以与椎骨直接接触。在其它情况下,可以在远侧表面区域和椎骨之间布置一层BGPM。如在图20的实施方案中看出的,BGPM 850层布置在第一远侧表面区域840和椎骨812之间以及第二远侧表面区域842和椎骨812之间,以帮助促进这些位置处的骨生长和融合。此外,BGPM 850延伸成遍布椎骨812和近侧表面区域844之间的区域。
如在图21中看出的,初始骨融合和生长可以沿这些区域发生。随着时间的推移,骨生长可以沿外部构件830的面向外的表面部分849进行,包括朝向近侧表面区域844以及进入到由椎骨812和外部构件830的面向外的表面部分849限定的受保护的融合区880中的生长。如在图21中看出的,在一些情况下,椎骨850可以开始与受保护的融合区880中的BGPM850部分地融合。
使用这种构造,可以保护在受保护的融合区880中出现的新骨生长免受外部构件830和椎骨812之间的局部力。具体地,图21示出了由支撑构件832施加到外部构件830的力890。如这里看出的,提供受保护的融合区880的外部构件830的广义的螺旋形状帮助将所施加的力向外引导直至远侧区域(远侧表面区域840和远侧表面区域842)并远离布置在受保护的融合区880中的新骨生长。这帮助最小化对受保护的融合区880中出现的新骨生长的干扰。可以理解,这种结构构造也可以帮助将由椎骨施加到外部构件的任何力从远侧表面区域引导到近侧表面区域,同时绕过受保护的融合区。
在图22中,受保护的融合区880中的新骨生长已经形成并与近侧表面区域844融合。在一些实施方案中,新骨生长可以具有足够的强度以支撑载荷,包括竖直载荷或压缩载荷。换句话说,受保护的融合区880提供了用于产生新骨生长的区域,直到骨已经完全融合并且可以成为承载结构。
图23-25图示了等距视图,其旨在描绘受保护的融合区可以如何帮助保护新骨生长。在图23中,放大的等距视图描绘了布置在受保护的融合区880内的BGPM部分860。这里,BGPM部分是骨生长促进材料的任何部分。可以理解,尽管该实施方案描绘了保护BGPM部分860,但是类似的原理可以应用于布置在受保护的融合区880中的任何新骨生长,包括骨移植物或合成骨移植物的任何部分以及生长到受保护的融合区880中的椎骨的任何部分。更进一步,可以理解,受保护的融合区880可以类似地保护融合材料(包括融合骨移植物和椎骨材料)的部分。
在图24中,外部构件830经历变形,载荷被施加到外部构件830或植入物800的相邻部分。因为外部构件830在邻近近侧表面区域844处由支撑构件832支撑,所以与外部构件830在远离近侧表面区域844处的变形相比,外部构件830在邻近近侧表面区域844处的变形被最小化。更具体地,与外部构件830的对应于第一远侧表面区域840的部分870相比,外部构件830的对应于近侧表面区域844的部分874经历很小的变形。同样,与外部构件830的对应于第二远侧表面区域842的部分872相比,部分874经历很小的变形。变形程度的这些差异可能对位于外部构件的部分870和部分872附近的BGPM部分860的外围段876造成更大的干扰。相比之下,位于外部构件830的部分874附近的BGPM部分860的中心段878与外围段876相比,显著较少地受到干扰。可以理解,BGPM部分860的段中的这些“干扰”可能由于外部构件830和BGPM部分860的相邻表面之间的微观和/或宏观运动而发生。
在图25中可以看出BGPM部分860的不同段上的干扰量的这种差异。图25示出了BGPM部分860的外围段876更多变形,而中心段878相对更平滑。通过最小化对受保护的融合区880中的BGPM或其它材料的干扰,可以在沿植入物800的骨生长的中间阶段期间保护新骨生长。
在不同的实施方案中,主体和/或结构构件的特征可以变化。在一些实施方案中,主体可以不具有中心骨架部分和/或基部框架部分。在其它实施方案中,一个或更多个结构构件可以以不同于图1-12的实施方案和图13-15的实施方案中所示的两个示例的模式布置。
以上描述详述了位于植入物的上表面或下表面上的受保护的融合区。然而,可以理解,植入物也可以在其它位置设置有受保护的融合区。例如,可以具有拱状形状的支撑构件下方的区域可以在植入物内部提供受保护的融合区。这样的内部的受保护的融合区可以帮助保护下表面和上表面内的区域中的新骨生长,这进一步帮助促进穿过植入物的全部厚度的融合。
在整个植入物中使用多个受保护的融合区可以帮助实现穿过整个植入物的融合。特别地,在植入物的上表面和下表面上生长的新骨生长可以继续生长到植入物的内部腔或空间中,直到连续的融合结构从一个椎体延伸,穿过植入物到达相对的椎体。随着新骨生长沿植入物的表面以及整个内部(例如,沿内部支撑构件并在内部支撑构件之间和穿过框架中的开口)发生,BGPM可以融合到跨越相邻椎骨之间的连续结构中。最终,新骨生长可能融合到植入体嵌入到其中的载荷支撑结构中。在这一点上,植入物的主体和/或结构构件可以起到增强新融合的骨结构的作用。
可选的实施方案
图26是示出植入物900的可选实施方案的示意性等距视图。植入物900可以包括与本文讨论的其它植入物(包括植入物100(见图1-2)和植入物700(见图13))相似的装置。具体而言,植入物900包括主体902和多个结构构件904。然而,与先前的实施方案相比之下,主体902不包括大致与植入物900的正中面相关联的中心骨架部分。此外,在图23的实施方案中,结构构件904可以以更规则的构造布置。具体而言,多个外部构件910沿共同方向920彼此平行定向。此外,多个支撑构件912沿垂直于方向920的共同方向922彼此平行定向。因此,可以看出多个结构构件904形成更规则的三维格架或保持架结构。
植入物的一般尺寸
用于脊柱中的植入物具有适合于插入脊柱中(通常在两个椎体之间)的总尺寸。植入物的形状和尺寸取决于植入物所插入的部位。诸如植入物100、植入物700和植入物800的植入物的示例性高度包括但不限于:5mm-30mm。当然,其它实施方案可以具有在上述范围内的任何值的增量高度,最常见的是在8mm和16mm之间。还有的其它实施方案可以具有大于16mm的高度。还有的其它实施方案可以具有小于8mm的高度。另外,植入物的水平占用空间(horizontal foot-print)可以变化。植入物的任何实施方案的示例性的占用空间尺寸包括但不限于:前后方向15mm-20mm,以及外侧到外侧方向(lateral-lateral direction)40mm-60mm。还有的其它实施方案可以构造成具有任何其它的占用空间尺寸。
一个或更多个结构构件的尺寸可以变化。在一些实施方案中,结构构件可以具有在0.2mm和3mm之间的横截面直径。对于具有多边形横截面的结构构件,表征多边形的尺寸(例如,椭圆的第一直径和第二直径)可以变化。作为示例,具有椭圆形横截面的结构构件可以具有0.2mm和3mm之间的范围内的第一直径以及0.2mm和3mm之间的范围内的第二直径的横截面。在其它实施方案中,结构构件可以具有任何其它横截面直径。此外,在一些情况下,外部构件和支撑构件可以具有相似的横截面直径,而在其它情况下,外部构件和支撑构件可以具有不同的横截面直径。
实施方案还可以设置有各种平角/平行角度(0度)、前凸角度和超前凸角度。在一些实施方案中,植入物可以构造成在上表面和下表面之间具有约8度的角度。在其它实施方案中,植入物可以构造成在上表面和下表面之间具有约15度的角度。在其它实施方案中,植入物可以构造成在上表面和下表面之间具有约20度的角度。还有的其它角度可以包括0度至30度范围内的任何角度。还有的其它实施方案可以提供小于8度的前凸角度。还有的其它实施方案可以提供大于20度的超前凸角度。在至少一些实施方案中,植入物的前凸角度经由中心骨架部分和侧框架部分(后部或前部)的几何形状而实现。
制造和材料
根据特定应用和/或医师的偏好,植入物的各部件可以由适合于植入人体的生物相容性材料制成,包括但不限于金属(例如钛或其它金属)、合成聚合物、陶瓷和/或其组合。
通常,植入物可以由具有足够强度的任何合适的生物相容的、不可降解的材料形成。典型的材料包括但不限于钛、生物相容的钛合金(例如,γ钛铝化物、Ti6-Al4-V ELI(ASTM F 136和F 3001)或Ti6-Al4-V(ASTM F 2989、F 1108和ASTM F 1472))以及惰性、生物相容的聚合物,例如聚醚醚酮(PEEK)(例如Invibio公司和ZenivaSolvay公司)。可选地,植入物包含不透射线的标记,以便于在成像期间可见。
在不同的实施方案中,制造植入物的过程可以变化。在一些实施方案中,整个植入物可以经由再添加/数控加工、注射成型、铸造、嵌入成型、共挤出、拉挤成型、传递成型(transfer molding)、包覆成型(overmolding)、压缩成型、三维(3-D)打印(包括直接金属激光烧结和电子束熔融)、浸涂、喷涂、粉末涂覆、多孔涂覆、从固体原料研磨以及其组合来制造和装配。此外,实施方案可以利用“卷绕的植入物”申请中公开的特征、部分、组件、过程和/或方法中的任何一个。
尽管已经描述了多种实施方案,但是本描述旨在是示例性的而不是限制性的,并且对于本领域普通技术人员来说将明显的是,在实施方案的范围内的许多更多的实施方案和实现方式是可能的。虽然在附图中显示并在本详细描述中讨论了特征的许多可能组合,但是所公开的特征的许多其它组合也是可能的。任何实施方案的任何特征可以用于和/或取代任何其它实施方案的另一元件,除特别界定的外。因此,应当理解,本公开中示出和/或讨论的任何特征可以以任何合适的组合一起实现。于是,本实施方案除了根据所附的权利要求及其等同物之外并未受到限制。而且,在所附权利要求的范围内可以做出各种修改和改变。
Claims (22)
1.一种植入物,包括:
主体,其具有第一部分和第二部分;
结构构件,其具有第一端部和第二端部,所述结构构件的所述第一端部附接到所述主体的所述第一部分,并且所述结构构件的所述第二端部附接到所述主体的所述第二部分;
所述结构构件具有中心构件弯曲部;
其中所述结构构件暴露在所述植入物的外表面上;
其中所述中心构件弯曲部包括缠绕段,并且其中所述中心构件弯曲部的所述缠绕段围绕固定路径缠绕;
其中,所述中心构件弯曲部围绕所述固定路径形成一个或更多个完整的弯转部;
其中,所述结构构件在所述缠绕段处具有构件直径,其中所述缠绕段具有与围绕所述固定路径的所述完整的弯转部相对应的缠绕直径;并且其中所述构件直径大于所述缠绕直径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中,所述植入物包括在所述植入物的前侧面和后侧面之间延伸的正中面,所述正中面将所述植入物分成第一外侧半部和第二外侧半部;并且其中所述结构构件的所述第一端部在所述正中面处附接到所述主体部分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的植入物,其中,所述植入物包括将所述植入物分成上半部和下半部的横断面;并且其中所述结构构件的所述第二端部在所述横断面处附接到所述主体部分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中,所述中心构件弯曲部的至少一个段具有螺旋形几何形状。
5.一种植入物,包括:
主体,其包括基部部分和骨架部分;
所述骨架部分相对于所述基部部分以非零角度定向;
外部构件,其具有长形几何形状,所述外部构件包括第一外部构件端部和第二外部构件端部;
支撑构件,其具有长形几何形状,所述支撑构件包括第一支撑构件端部和第二支撑构件端部;
其中所述第一外部构件端部附接到所述基部部分,并且所述第二外部构件端部附接到所述骨架部分;
其中所述第一支撑构件端部附接到所述基部部分,并且其中所述第二支撑构件端部附接到所述基部部分;
其中所述支撑构件附接到所述外部构件;
其中,所述外部构件具有中心构件弯曲部;
其中所述中心构件弯曲部包括缠绕段,并且其中所述中心构件弯曲部的所述缠绕段围绕固定路径缠绕。
6.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其中,所述外部构件的几何形状提供了第一远侧表面区域、近侧表面区域和第二远侧表面区域,其中所述第一远侧表面区域、所述近侧表面区域和所述第二远侧 表面区域均在所述植入物的上侧面或下侧面上向外定向。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植入物,其中,所述支撑构件在所述外部构件的包括所述近侧表面区域的部分处附接到所述外部构件。
8.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其中,所述支撑构件具有包括拱状路径的弯曲路径。
9.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其中,所述外部构件具有大于所述支撑构件的长度。
10.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其中,所述植入物包括在所述植入物的前侧面和后侧面之间延伸的正中面,所述正中面将所述植入物分成第一外侧半部和第二外侧半部;并且其中所述骨架部分与所述正中面对齐。
11.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其中,所述植入物包括将植入物分成上半部和下半部的横断面;并且其中所述基部部分与所述横断面对齐。
12.一种植入物,包括:
主体,所述主体界定将所述植入物分成上半部和下半部的横断面;
第一外部构件,其附接到所述主体,所述第一外部构件具有长形几何形状;
第二外部构件,其附接到所述主体,所述第二外部构件具有长形几何形状;
支撑构件,其附接到所述主体,所述支撑构件具有长形几何形状;
所述支撑构件在第一附接区域处附接到所述第一外部构件,并且所述支撑构件在第二附接区域处附接到所述第二外部构件;
其中在所述第一附接区域处,所述支撑构件布置成与所述第一外部构件距离所述横断面相比更靠近所述横断面;
其中在所述第二附接区域处,所述支撑构件布置成与所述第二外部构件距离所述横断面相比更靠近所述横断面;
其中,所述第一外部构件具有第一中心构件弯曲部;
其中所述第一中心构件弯曲部包括第一缠绕段,并且其中所述第一中心构件弯曲部的所述第一缠绕段围绕第一固定路径缠绕。
13.根据权利要求12所述的植入物,其中,所述第二外部构件具有第二中心构件弯曲部;
其中所述第二中心构件弯曲部包括第二缠绕段,并且其中所述第二中心构件弯曲部的所述第二缠绕段围绕第二固定路径缠绕。
14.根据权利要求12所述的植入物,其中,所述支撑构件具有包括拱状路径的弯曲路径。
15.根据权利要求12所述的植入物,其中,所述支撑构件的长度小于所述第一外部构件的长度。
16.一种植入物,包括:
主体;
外部构件,其具有长形几何形状,所述外部构件附接到所述主体;
支撑构件,其具有长形几何形状,所述支撑构件附接到所述主体;
所述外部构件具有面向外的表面部分,其中所述面向外的表面部分是包括第一远侧表面区域、近侧表面区域和第二远侧表面区域的弯曲表面部分;
其中所述第一远侧表面区域被构造为接触椎骨的表面,并且其中所述第二远侧表面区域被构造为接触椎骨的表面;
其中所述支撑构件在接近所述近侧表面区域的位置处附接到所述外部构件;
其中,所述外部构件具有中心构件弯曲部;
其中所述中心构件弯曲部包括缠绕段,并且其中所述中心构件弯曲部的所述缠绕段围绕固定路径缠绕;并且
其中所述第一远侧表面区域、所述近侧表面区域和所述第二远侧表面区域位于所述外部构件的对应于所述缠绕段的部分上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的植入物,其中,所述面向外的表面部分布置在所述植入物的上侧面上。
18.根据权利要求16所述的植入物,其中,所述面向外的表面部分布置在所述植入物的下侧面上。
19.根据权利要求16所述的植入物,其中,所述外部构件构造成对椎骨进行接合,以便在椎骨和所述近侧表面区域之间形成用于保护骨生长的空间。
20.根据权利要求19所述的植入物,其中,所述植入物具有开放的内部,并且其中所述植入物构造成接纳骨生长促进材料,使得所述骨生长促进材料能够连续延伸穿过所述植入物的所述开放的内部,并进入用于保护椎骨和所述近侧表面区域之间的骨生长的所述空间中。
21.根据权利要求16所述的植入物,其中,所述主体包括具有粗糙化表面的至少一个部分。
22.根据权利要求16所述的植入物,其中,所述主体包括紧固件接纳部分,所述紧固件接纳部分具有螺纹开口,所述螺纹开口构造成接纳植入工具。
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US20200188129A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
CN114712040A (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
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CN110769784A (zh) | 2020-02-07 |
US20180110626A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
US10478312B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
US11452611B2 (en) | 2022-09-27 |
EP3531984A4 (en) | 2020-07-01 |
JP2019531865A (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
BR112019008324A2 (pt) | 2019-07-16 |
WO2018081066A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
EP3531984A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
US20240350280A1 (en) | 2024-10-24 |
US20230080377A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
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