CN110738674A - texture feature measurement method based on particle density - Google Patents
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Abstract
texture feature measurement methods based on particle density, in the bubble flotation field, the invention provides texture feature measurement methods based on particle density, the method extracts bubble images based on a digital image acquisition system arranged on site, proposes the concept of particle areas, accurately extracts the particle areas on the bubble surfaces, classifies the extracted particle areas according to the central point position, measures the density degree between the particle areas, defines the particle density of the texture features, and is used for reflecting the texture features of the whole image.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of froth flotation, and particularly relates to a texture characteristic measuring method in the flotation process of zinc.
Background
The froth flotation is a mineral separation method widely applied at home and abroad by , the method can effectively separate target minerals according to differences of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces, the froth flotation process grinds target minerals and gangue symbiotic with the target minerals into particles with proper sizes, the particles are then sent into a flotation tank, the surface properties of different mineral particles are adjusted by adding agents, meanwhile, the particles are continuously stirred and blown in the flotation process, so that a large number of bubbles with characteristic information of different sizes, forms and textures are formed in pulp, useful mineral particles are adhered to the surfaces of the bubbles, the bubbles lift mineral particles to the surfaces of the flotation tank to form a bubble layer, gangue minerals are left in pulp, mineral separation is achieved, due to the reasons that a flotation process is long in flow, an internal mechanism is strong, influence factors are numerous, the related to multiple variables, the consumption is severe and nonlinear, process indexes cannot be detected on line, always, the flotation process mainly depends on manual visual observation of the bubble state on the flotation tank surface, the flotation process to complete field operation, the flotation process is not based on the situation that the flotation of the flotation tank surface bubble state is poor, the flotation process is difficult to be achieved, the flotation process, the evaluation and cognition of the bubble state of the flotation state, the flotation process is not only the flotation process is not clearly understood, the quality index of the flotation process is difficult to be achieved, the quality and the flotation of the flotation process, the flotation of the flotation tank, the flotation of the flotation particles, the flotation of.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide texture feature measurement methods based on particle density, wherein in flotation production, the surface texture of flotation bubbles is important visual information reflecting the ore grade, is closely related to the flotation working condition and directly reflects the mineralization degree of a bubble layer.
The adopted technical scheme comprises the following steps:
step , collecting bubble video of zinc flotation by using a flotation field image collecting system, converting the bubble video into continuous images, and performing data preprocessing on collected zinc flotation image data, wherein the data preprocessing comprises the following steps:
1) rejecting erroneous data that exceeds a normal variation threshold;
2) removing incomplete data;
step two: converting the bubble image from an RGB color image into a gray image to obtain a gray matrix A of the image:
egfrepresented are the gray values corresponding to each pixel points in the gray image, where g ∈ N, f ∈ N, N ∈ (400, 800).
In the bubble image, the conventional form of the bubble is smooth in surface, the highlight point is positioned at the top end of a single bubble convex curved surface, the highlight point area presents the minimum gray value, the gray value is gradually increased downwards by taking the highlight point as the center, and the maximum gray value is reached when the highlight point area reaches the bubble boundary;
firstly, dividing bubbles, dividing the bubbles by a watershed method to obtain h individual bubbles, storing a gray matrix of each bubble to obtain a gray matrix set B ═ B of each bubble1,b2,b3,...,bλ,...,bh}，bλIs the lambda-th bubble gray value matrix, h is the total number of the divided bubbles, bubbles with the bubble size larger than 1200 pixel values are screened out from the image set of the divided single bubbles, namely the interesting area, and for the screened bubbles, the single bubble is usedReplacing the gray value of the bubble highlight point part with the average gray value of the bubble to obtain a gray matrix set C ═ C of the bubble to be detected1,c2,c3,...,cε,...,cKK is the number of bubbles meeting the bubble size requirement.
Step four: detection of particle area:
1. in the non-particle area, the bubble surface is smooth, and the change range of the gray value is in the gradual change range;
2. the change of the gray value in the particle area exceeds the gradual change range;
the particle region was extracted using the following steps:
s1: defining a searching mode of a particle area for the bubbles after segmentation and screening: for bubble cεThe method comprises the steps of taking eight directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees, 270 degrees and 315 degrees, forming arrays by gray values of all pixel points in any directions in the bubble, wherein the maximum width of a single bubble is a limited value, and the number of columns of the leftmost pixel point of the bubble in a gray matrix is HmThe column number of the rightmost pixel point of the bubble in the gray matrix is HnH from bubble gray matrix at search timemThe columns start to search from left to right and simultaneously start to search from top to bottom from the boundary of the upper half part of the bubble, and the initial search direction is 270 degrees;
s2: marking a trip point:
(1) setting the threshold value of gray gradation to [0,8 ]]Firstly, starting to search from the 270-degree direction by taking the leftmost pixel point of the boundary of the upper half part of the bubble as a starting point, taking the step length as 1, defining the modulus of the difference value between the lower gray values and the current gray value as a gray gradient value in the 270-degree direction, comparing the gray gradient value with a threshold value, and marking the position of the current gray value as a jump point d if the gray gradient value exceeds the threshold value1The position is expressed in cartesian coordinates as: (x)1,y1) th trip point located in column H0Is denoted as the left boundary of the particle region, where Hm＜...＜H0＜H1＜H2＜...＜Hk＜Hk+1＜Hk+2＜...＜Hn，H1Is H0Column , and so on, in this search pattern sequentially from H0Column search to the right through Hk+2When the column is not searched for a trip point, Hk+1Column is the right boundary of this granular area;
(2) from H1Is listed to HkBetween columns, every columns are searched from top to bottom in 270 deg. direction to obtain two jump points, and in the H th search1When the column is arranged, the jumping points of the ray directions of 90 degrees and 270 degrees are recorded as d2And d3Taking the midpoint of the positions of the two jump points as a position center divergence point e1(ii) a Diverging from the central point e by position1Starting the search from both sides in the direction of the 0 DEG and 180 DEG rays as starting points, marking the position of the nearest trip point, d4，d5(ii) a Starting to search from the position divergence central point to two sides in the ray directions of 45 degrees and 225 degrees, and marking the position d of the nearest jump point6，d7(ii) a Starting to search from the position divergence center point to two sides in the ray directions of 135 degrees and 315 degrees, and marking the position d of the nearest jump point8，d9；
S3: extraction of particle region:
for bubble cεFrom H1The position of the column diverges from the center point e18 trip points, H, are obtained2,H3,...,HkThe position of the column diverges from the center point e2,e3,...,ekRespectively obtaining 8 jumping points, obtaining 8k jumping points in the particle region, if 8k is less than 24, the region is a noise point, not considering, when 8k is more than or equal to 24, sequentially connecting the 8k jumping points to obtain the particle region, and recording the particle region as Dr(r∈a)。
Step five: determination of the position of the center point of the particle region:
for the particle region DrThe number of the transition points of the grain region is recorded as trI.e. the zone boundary has trA vertex with coordinates of (x)i,yi),i＝1,2,...,trVertex, point
And vertex (x)1,y1) Similarly, the area of the particle region is shown by the following formula:
center point coordinates of particle region
As shown in the following formula:
repeating the step four to search out all particle areas in the gray value matrix of the single bubble in the bubble set to be detected, and regarding the bubble cεCounting the number L of particle regionsεThen, the coordinates of the center point of each particle region are determined
Defining class II neighborhood region and other neighborhood regions by the straight line distance between the center points of different particle regions, for the particle region PuU ∈ a, defined as follows:
wherein v belongs to a and v is not equal to u;
marking particle region PuThe number of -level neighborhood regions is quThe number of the second-level neighborhood region is suAnd the number of other neighborhood regions is wuThen there is qu+su+wu＝Lε-1, the weight of the number of level two neighborhood regions, the number of level two neighborhood regions and the number of other neighborhood regions is set to 0.6, 0.3, 0.1 respectively, then for bubble cεDefining the grain density Z of the texture feature quantityεWatch, watchThe expression is as follows:
the particle concentration G of the whole image is defined as shown in the following formula:
step six: the working condition is judged according to the particle concentration:
when the bubbling machine is in the state ①, the surface texture of bubbles is fine, the chemicals are excessive, and mineral particles carried in the bubbles exceed the carrying capacity of the bubbles to break the bubbles in large quantity, so that not only is the waste of the chemicals serious, but also the concentrate grade is low;
when the flotation agent is in the state of ②, the flotation agent is proper, the flotation performance is good, and the flotation production efficiency is highest;
when the slurry is in the state of ③, the slurry viscosity is low, the agent addition is insufficient, the bubble ore content is low, the water content is high, and the concentrate grade is low.
In the second step, the bubble image is converted into a gray level image from an RGB color image, and a gray level matrix A of the image is obtained, wherein N belongs to (400, 800).
The invention defines new texture feature particle density to reflect the texture feature of the whole image, effectively avoids the limitation of the traditional texture feature extraction method, and effectively overcomes the influence of the uneven illumination phenomenon of the flotation field on the texture feature extraction, thereby more accurately judging the working condition and effectively guiding the dosing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a texture feature measurement method based on particle concentration.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the region of the particles extracted at S3 in step four.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Step , collecting bubble video of zinc flotation by using a flotation field image collecting system, converting the bubble video into continuous images, and performing data preprocessing on collected zinc flotation image data, wherein the data preprocessing comprises the following steps:
1) rejecting erroneous data that exceeds a normal variation threshold;
2) removing incomplete data;
step two: converting the bubble image from an RGB color image into a gray image to obtain a gray matrix A of the image:
egfrepresented are the gray values corresponding to each pixel points in the gray image, where g ∈ N, f ∈ N, N ∈ (400, 800).
In the bubble image, the conventional form of the bubble is smooth in surface, the highlight point is positioned at the top end of a single bubble convex curved surface, the highlight point area presents the minimum gray value, the gray value is gradually increased downwards by taking the highlight point as the center, and the maximum gray value is reached when the highlight point area reaches the bubble boundary;
firstly, dividing bubbles, dividing the bubbles by a watershed method to obtain h individual bubbles, storing a gray matrix of each bubble to obtain a gray matrix set B ═ B of each bubble1,b2,b3,...,bλ,...,bh}，bλIs the lambda-th bubble gray value matrix, h is the total number of the bubbles after segmentation, in the single bubble image set after the segmentation, screens out the bubble that the bubble size is greater than 1200 pixel values, be the region of interest promptly, for the bubble after the screening, replaces the grey scale value of this bubble highlight point part with the grey scale mean value of single bubble, obtains to detect bubble gray matrix set C ═ { C ═ of bubble gray matrix set C ═ of { C ═ of detecting1,c2,c3,...,cε,...,cKK is the number of bubbles meeting the bubble size requirement.
Step four: detection of particle area:
1. in the non-particle area, the bubble surface is smooth, and the change range of the gray value is in the gradual change range;
2. the change of the gray value in the particle area exceeds the gradual change range;
the particle region was extracted using the following steps:
s1: defining a searching mode of a particle area for the bubbles after segmentation and screening: for bubble cεThe method comprises the steps of taking eight directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees, 270 degrees and 315 degrees, forming arrays by gray values of all pixel points in any directions in the bubble, wherein the maximum width of a single bubble is a limited value, and the number of columns of the leftmost pixel point of the bubble in a gray matrix is HmThe column number of the rightmost pixel point of the bubble in the gray matrix is HnH from bubble gray matrix at search timemThe columns start searching from left to right and from top to bottom starting from the bubble top half boundary, with the initial search direction being 270.
S2: marking a trip point:
(1) setting the threshold value of gray gradation to [0,8 ]]Firstly, starting to search from the 270-degree direction by taking the leftmost pixel point of the boundary of the upper half part of the bubble as a starting point, taking the step length as 1, defining the modulus of the difference value between the lower gray values and the current gray value as a gray gradient value in the 270-degree direction, comparing the gray gradient value with a threshold value, and marking the position of the current gray value as a jump point d if the gray gradient value exceeds the threshold value1The position is expressed in cartesian coordinates as: (x)1,y1) th trip point located in column H0Is denoted as the left boundary of the particle region, where Hm＜...＜H0＜H1＜H2＜...＜Hk＜Hk+1＜Hk+2＜...＜Hn，H1Is H0Column , and so on, in this search pattern sequentially from H0Column search to the right through Hk+2When the column is not searched for a trip point, Hk+1Column is the right boundary of this granular area;
(2) from H1Is listed to HkBetween columns, every columns are searched from top to bottom in 270 deg. direction to obtain two jump points, and in the H th search1When the column is arranged, the jumping points of the ray directions of 90 degrees and 270 degrees are recorded as d2And d3Taking the midpoint of the positions of the two jump points as a position center divergence point e1(ii) a Diverging from the central point e by position1Starting the search from both sides in the direction of the 0 DEG and 180 DEG rays as starting points, marking the position of the nearest trip point, d4，d5(ii) a Starting to search from the position divergence central point to two sides in the ray directions of 45 degrees and 225 degrees, and marking the position d of the nearest jump point6，d7(ii) a Starting to search from the position divergence center point to two sides in the ray directions of 135 degrees and 315 degrees, and marking the position d of the nearest jump point8，d9；
S3: extraction of particle region:
for bubble cεFrom H1The position of the column diverges from the center point e18 trip points, H, are obtained2,H3,...,HkThe position of the column diverges from the center point e2,e3,...,ekRespectively obtaining 8 jumping points, obtaining 8k jumping points in the particle region, if 8k is less than 24, the region is a noise point, not considering, when 8k is more than or equal to 24, sequentially connecting the 8k jumping points to obtain the particle region, and recording the particle region as Dr(r ∈ a), FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the extracted particle region.
Step five: determination of the position of the center point of the particle region:
for the particle region DrThe number of the transition points of the grain region is recorded as trI.e. the zone boundary has trA vertex with coordinates of (x)i,yi),i＝1,2,...,trVertex, point
And vertex (x)1,y1) Similarly, the area of the particle region is shown by the following formula:
center point coordinates of particle region
As shown in the following formula:
repeating the step four to search out all particle areas in the gray value matrix of the single bubble in the bubble set to be detected, and regarding the bubble cεCounting the number L of particle regionsεThen, the coordinates of the center point of each particle region are determined
Defining class II neighborhood region and other neighborhood regions by the straight line distance between the center points of different particle regions, for the particle region PuU ∈ a, defined as follows:
wherein v belongs to a and v is not equal to u;
marking particle region PuThe number of -level neighborhood regions is quThe number of the second-level neighborhood region is suAnd the number of other neighborhood regions is wuThen there is qu+su+wu＝Lε-1, the weight of the number of level two neighborhood regions, the number of level two neighborhood regions and the number of other neighborhood regions is set to 0.6, 0.3, 0.1 respectively, then for bubble cεDefining the grain density Z of the texture feature quantityεThe expression is as follows:
the particle concentration G of the whole image is defined as shown in the following formula:
step six: the working condition is judged according to the particle concentration:
when the bubbling machine is in the state ①, the surface texture of bubbles is fine, the chemicals are excessive, and mineral particles carried in the bubbles exceed the carrying capacity of the bubbles to break the bubbles in large quantity, so that not only is the waste of the chemicals serious, but also the concentrate grade is low;
when the flotation agent is in the state of ②, the flotation agent is proper, the flotation performance is good, and the flotation production efficiency is highest;
when the slurry is in the state of ③, the slurry viscosity is low, the agent addition is insufficient, the bubble ore content is low, the water content is high, and the concentrate grade is low.
In the second step, the bubble image is converted into a gray level image from an RGB color image, and a gray level matrix A of the image is obtained, wherein N belongs to (400, 800).
The invention defines new texture feature particle density to reflect the texture feature of the whole image, effectively avoids the limitation of the traditional texture feature extraction method, and effectively overcomes the influence of the uneven illumination phenomenon of the flotation field on the texture feature extraction, thereby more accurately judging the working condition and effectively guiding the dosing.
Claims (6)
1, A texture feature measurement method based on particle density, comprising the following steps:
step , collecting bubble videos of zinc flotation at historical moments by using a flotation field image collecting system, converting the bubble videos into multi-frame continuous images, and performing data preprocessing on collected zinc flotation image data;
step two: converting the bubble image from RGB color image to gray image to obtain gray matrix A of image
egfExpressing the gray value corresponding to each pixel points in the gray image, wherein g belongs to N, f belongs to N;
step three: dividing the bubbles, dividing the bubbles by a watershed method to obtain h individual bubbles, storing the gray matrix of each bubble to obtain a gray matrix set B ═ B of each bubble1,b2,b3,...,bλ,...,bh}，bλIs the lambda-th bubble gray value matrix, and in the divided single bubble image set, the bubble with the size larger than 1200 pixel values is screened out, and is marked as C ═ C1,c2,c3,...,cε,...,cKK is the number of single bubbles meeting the size requirement of the bubbles;
step four: detection of particle regions
The surface of the bubble in the non-particle area is smooth, the change range of the gray value is in the gradual change range, and the change of the gray value in the particle area exceeds the gradual change range, and the particle area is extracted by adopting the following steps:
s1: defining a searching mode of a particle area for the bubbles after segmentation and screening;
s2: marking a jumping point in the searching process of the particle area;
s3: after marking the jumping points, extracting particle areas;
step five: repeating the step four to search out all particle areas in the gray value matrix of the single bubble in the bubble set to be detected, and regarding the bubbles c after cutting and screeningεCounting the number L of particle regionsεThen, the coordinates of the center point of each particle region are determined
Defining class II neighborhood region and other neighborhood regions by the straight line distance between the center points of different particle regions, for the particle region PuU ∈ a, defined as follows:
wherein v belongs to a and v is not equal to u;
marking particle region PuThe number of -level neighborhood regions is quThe number of the second-level neighborhood region is suAnd the number of other neighborhood regions is wuThen there is qu+su+wu＝Lε-1, the weight of the number of level two neighborhood regions, the number of level two neighborhood regions and the number of other neighborhood regions is set to 0.6, 0.3, 0.1 respectively, then for bubble cεDefining the grain density Z of the texture feature quantityεThe expression is as follows:
the particle concentration G of the whole image is defined as shown in the following formula:
step six: the working condition is judged according to the particle concentration:
when the bubble is in the state ①, the surface texture of the bubble is fine, the medicament is excessive, the mineral particles carried in the bubble exceed the carrying capacity of the bubble, so that the bubble is greatly crushed, the medicament waste is serious, and the concentrate grade is low;
when the flotation agent is in the state of ②, the flotation agent is proper, the flotation performance is good, and the flotation production efficiency is high;
when the slurry is in the state of ③, the slurry viscosity is low, the agent addition is insufficient, the bubble ore content is low, the water content is high, and the concentrate grade is low.
2. The method for particle-density-based texture feature measurement according to claim 1, wherein the second step comprises converting the bubble image from RGB color image to gray-scale image, resulting in a gray-scale matrix A of the image, where N ∈ (400, 800).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes defining a search pattern of particle areas for the segmented and filtered bubbles:
for bubble cεTaking eight directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees, 270 degrees and 315 degrees, at the bubble cεThe gray values of all the pixel points in any directions form arrays, the maximum width of a single bubble is a finite value, and the column number of the pixel point on the leftmost side of the bubble in the gray matrix is HmThe column number of the rightmost pixel point of the bubble in the gray matrix is HnH from bubble gray matrix at searchmThe columns start searching from left to right and from top to bottom starting from the bubble top half boundary, with the initial search direction being 270.
4. The texture feature measurement method based on particle density, wherein in step four S2, the step of marking the jumping points for the search mode of dividing the particle area defined by the screened bubbles comprises the following steps:
1) setting the threshold value of gray gradation to [0,8 ]]Firstly, starting to search from the 270-degree direction by taking the leftmost pixel point of the boundary of the upper half part of the bubble as a starting point, taking the step length as 1, defining the modulus of the difference value between the lower gray values and the current gray value as a gray gradient value in the 270-degree direction, comparing the gray gradient value with a threshold value, and marking the position of the current gray value as a jump point d if the gray gradient value exceeds the threshold value1Cartesian for positionThe molar coordinates are expressed as: (x)1,y1) th trip point located in column H0Is denoted as the left boundary of the particle region, where Hm＜...＜H0＜H1＜H2＜...＜Hk＜Hk+1＜Hk+2＜...＜Hn，H1Is H0Column , and so on, in this search pattern sequentially from H0Column search to the right through Hk+2When the column is not searched for a trip point, Hk+1Column is the right boundary of this granular area;
2) from H1Is listed to HkBetween columns, every columns are searched from top to bottom in 270 deg. direction to obtain two jump points, and in the H th search1When the column is arranged, the jumping points of the ray directions of 90 degrees and 270 degrees are recorded as d2And d3Taking the midpoint of the positions of the two jump points as a position center divergence point e1(ii) a Diverging from the central point e by position1Starting the search from both sides in the direction of the 0 DEG and 180 DEG rays as starting points, marking the position of the nearest trip point, d4，d5(ii) a Starting to search from the position divergence central point to two sides in the ray directions of 45 degrees and 225 degrees, and marking the position d of the nearest jump point6，d7(ii) a Starting to search from the position divergence center point to two sides in the ray directions of 135 degrees and 315 degrees, and marking the position d of the nearest jump point8，d9。
5. The texture feature measurement method based on particle concentration of claim 4, wherein in the step four S3, the extraction process of the particle region is as follows:
for bubble cεFrom H1The position of the column diverges from the center point e18 trip points, H, are obtained2,H3,...,HkThe position of the column diverges from the center point e2,e3,...,ekRespectively obtaining 8 jumping points, obtaining 8k jumping points in the particle region, if 8k is less than 24, the region is a noise point, not considering, when 8k is more than or equal to 24, connecting the 8k jumping points in sequence to obtain the particle region, and recording the particle region as Dr,r∈a。
6. The texture feature measurement method based on particle concentration of claim 5, wherein in the fifth step, the determination of the position of the center point of the particle region is performed by:
for the particle region DrThe number of the transition points of the grain region is recorded as trI.e. the zone boundary has trA vertex with coordinates of (x)i,yi),i＝1,2,...,trVertex, point
And vertex (x)1,y1) Similarly, the area of the particle region is shown by the following formula:
center point coordinates of particle region
As shown in the following formula:
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