CN110720365A - High-quality rice planting method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a high-quality rice planting method which comprises the following steps of (1) treating rice seeds: placing the rice seeds in the sun for airing, then selecting and soaking the seeds, and accelerating germination after the seed selection and soaking; 2) seedling culture: applying a seedling raising organic fertilizer in the seedling bed, then sowing the germination-accelerating grain seeds into the seedling bed which is arranged in advance, and applying the seedling raising organic fertilizer 4-5 days before transplanting to realize that the seedling raising organic fertilizer is put in the field with fertilizer; 3) transplanting in due time, controlling the seedling age at 28-35 days, transplanting the seedlings into the prepared field; 4) field management: before the seedlings are transplanted into a field, applying herb residue organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in the field; applying a tillering foliar fertilizer when the rice seedlings start to tillering; when heading, applying a medicinal residue organic fertilizer; applying grouting foliar fertilizer in the grouting period; (5) harvesting: when most leaves of the rice plants turn from green to yellow, harvesting is carried out. The invention reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides, the planting method is green and ecological, and the yield and quality of the product can be effectively increased.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a high-quality rice planting method.
[ background of the invention ]
Rice is one of the important grain crops in China, the rice yield accounts for more than 40% of the total grain yield in China, and the rice is planted traditionally. The contribution rate of the fertilizer to the crop yield reaches 40-60%, so that the application of the fertilizer is an important technical measure for increasing the yield of the rice, but the disease is prevented and controlled by using a large amount of fertilizers (such as nitrogenous fertilizers, potash fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and the like) and pesticides on the rice field, so that the soil structure is changed, the soil nutrient is single and degenerates, the quantity of beneficial organisms in the soil is obviously reduced, the crop quality is reduced, the disease is already generated, and the like. Although an excessive amount of agricultural chemicals can effectively control diseases, the excessive amount of agricultural chemicals is practical and causes serious damage to ecology. The invention patent application with the application number of CN201610250770.0 discloses an organic planting method of rice, which mainly focuses on reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so that the harvested rice does not have residual pesticides and environmental pollution is avoided, but the yield and quality of the rice are not increased. Therefore, the rice planting technology needs to be continuously optimized, the yield and quality of rice can be increased and improved under the condition of reducing the usage amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and the rice planting benefit is improved.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a high quality rice planting method, which improves the seedling growing method and the water and fertilizer management, and simultaneously prevents diseases and pests by physical and chemical methods, so as to achieve green high quality rice planting and improve the yield and quality of rice.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
A high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) treating grain seeds:
placing the rice seeds in the sun for airing for 1-2 days, then placing the rice seeds into saline water for seed selection, removing the seeds floating in the solution, fishing out the seeds deposited at the bottom of the water, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking for 6-10 hours, accelerating germination after seed soaking, placing the seeds soaked for seed at 36-39 ℃ for 20-30 hours for belly breaking, placing the seeds at 30-35 ℃ for 8-10 hours for root acceleration, and placing the seeds at 26-28 ℃ for accelerating germination after root acceleration;
(2) seedling culture:
applying a seedling raising organic fertilizer in the seedling bed, then sowing the germination-accelerating grain seeds into the seedling bed which is arranged in advance, and applying the seedling raising organic fertilizer 4-5 days before transplanting to realize that the seedling raising organic fertilizer is put in the field with fertilizer;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting in due time, controlling the seedling age at 28-35 days, transplanting the seedlings into the prepared field;
(4) field management: before the seedlings are transplanted into a field, applying 400kg of medicine residue organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu in the field according to 300-; applying a tillering foliar fertilizer when the rice seedlings start to tillering; when the ear is threshed, 50-80kg of the dregs of a decoction organic fertilizer is applied to the field per mu; applying grouting foliar fertilizer in the grouting period;
the medicine residue organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-100 parts of houttuynia cordata herb residues, 50-100 parts of Chinese lobelia herb residues, 200 parts of animal wastes, 150 parts of straws, 50-100 parts of rice hulls, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal and 20-30 parts of kaolin;
(5) harvesting: when most leaves of rice plants turn from green to yellow, the rice ears lose the green color, the middle parts of the ears turn to yellow, rice grains are full, and the grains are hard and turn to yellow for harvesting.
Furthermore, the field management comprises different water management of the rice in different development stages, the rice is mainly irrigated in a booting stage and a filling stage, a shallow water layer is put back in the field in a heading and flowering stage, and the wet-dry alternation is adopted in other periods, so that the oxygen is increased and the root activity is maintained.
Further, the field management also comprises pest control of the rice field, and the pest control comprises physical control and chemical control; the physical prevention and control method comprises the following steps: the solar energy insect trap and the cnaphalocrocis medinalis trapper are arranged in the field to control the cnaphalocrocis medinalis and other light-repelling pests, 1-2 solar energy insect traps and 3-5 sets of cnaphalocrocis medinalis trappers are arranged in 50 mu of field on average, meanwhile, ducks are stocked in the field, and 10-20 ducks are stocked in each mu of field for controlling pests and weeding.
Further, the chemical prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the step of using a biological mixed regulator at the early stage of the heading of the rice, wherein the biological mixed regulator is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of validamycin, 6-10 parts of kasugamycin, 2-5 parts of cytokinin, 1-2 parts of brassinolide and 12000-16000 parts of water.
Further, the seedling raising organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100-200 parts of animal waste, 100-150 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal, 20-30 parts of kaolin and 1-2 parts of rooting powder.
Further, the grouting foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 3-4 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of chelating agent, 7-10 parts of boric acid, 2-4 parts of brassinolide, 2-4 parts of kinetin and 1-2 parts of trace elements.
Furthermore, the tillering foliar fertilizer is a zinc-rich foliar fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the decoction dreg organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
weighing 50-100 parts of houttuynia cordata herb residues, 50-100 parts of Chinese lobelia herb residues,
100-200 parts of animal waste, 100-150 parts of straw, 50-100 parts of rice hull, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal and 20-30 parts of kaolin, mixing and crushing heartleaf houttuynia herb residue, Chinese lobelia herb residue, animal waste, straw, charcoal, rice hull and kaolin, adding a strain, piling and fermenting, controlling the humidity at 50-60% and the fermentation temperature at 50-60 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly stirring and mixing the fermented product with the chitin and the humic acid.
Further, the preparation method of the seedling raising organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 200 parts of 100-one animal waste, 150 parts of 100-one straw, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal, 20-30 parts of kaolin and 1-2 parts of rooting powder according to parts by weight, adding the animal waste, the straw, the humic acid, the chitin, the charcoal and the kaolin into a strain to be piled up for fermentation, controlling the humidity to be 50-60 percent and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly mixing the fermented product and the rooting powder.
The preferable varieties of the rice are H Liangyou 991, H Liangyou 9219, Longliangyouhuazhan, Y Liangyou No. 1, Shen 95 you huazhan, wild fragrant Youlisi, and the like.
The organic fertilizer for raising rice seedlings contains animal wastes and straws as main raw materials, is rich in macroelements and microelements necessary for plants and also contains rich organic nutrients.
The organic fertilizer which takes animal wastes, straws, rice husks, houttuynia cordata dregs and Chinese lobelia dregs as main raw materials and is rich in macroelements and microelements necessary for plants and organic nutrients, and can meet the requirements of mature growth and development of rice on nutrient substances; the herba Houttuyniae is derived from dried aerial parts of houttuynia cordata of Saururaceae, has multiple active ingredients, has inhibitory effect on various microorganisms (especially yeast and mold), and has obvious inhibitory effect on hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus influenzae, Catalpa cocci, and pneumococcus. It also has effects on Escherichia coli, dysentery bacillus, and typhoid bacillus; herba Lobeliae chinensis is dried whole plant of herba Lobeliae chinensis of Campanulaceae. Has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, inducing diuresis and relieving swelling. It can be used for treating skin sore, carbuncle, pyogenic infection, snake and insect bite, abdominal distention, edema, eczema, and has inhibiting effect on Staphylococcus aureus, typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The medicinal residue organic fertilizer is added with the Chinese lobelia and the houttuynia cordata to be matched, so that various germs in soil can be effectively prevented and treated, the spread of soil-borne germs is inhibited, the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops are improved, good inhibition and sterilization effects are achieved on rice false smut germs and rice panicle neck blast germs, and the effect that the production of false smut and rice panicle neck blast germs after rice planting cannot be prevented is achieved.
Humic acid is added into the seedling raising organic fertilizer and the herb residue organic fertilizer to enhance the effect of the organic fertilizer, improve the soil and stimulate the growth of seedlings. Chitin and rooting powder are added into the organic fertilizer for compounding, so that the growth and development of rice seedling roots can be promoted, the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the organic fertilizer added with charcoal and kaolin has good adsorption and desorption properties on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is longer, and released nutrient substances are more stable. The organic fertilizer enhances the fertilizer retaining and supplying capability and the buffering capability of the soil, and creates good soil conditions for the growth of rice seedlings. The main raw materials of the seedling raising organic fertilizer and the medicine dreg organic fertilizer are mutually cooperated and matched to provide comprehensive nutrient components for soil, and the fertilizer efficiency is long.
The ammonium polyphosphate of the grouting foliar fertilizer is a low-nitrogen high-phosphorus compound fertilizer, has the characteristics of easy compatibility and good dispersibility, is not only used for providing phosphorus elements required by the growth of rice, but also has a chelating effect on metal ions of trace elements, and improves the absorption efficiency of the rice on the trace elements; the urea is a high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer, the urea can also soften cuticle and waxy layer of leaf surface cells of rice, and rice leaves can quickly absorb other nutrient elements of the leaf fertilizer; the compounding of the compound sodium nitrophenolate and the boric acid can prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria caused by opening the cuticle of rice leaf surface cells, enhance the immunity of the rice, reduce the infection of the pathogenic bacteria and enhance the disease resistance of the rice, and can promote the running of carbohydrate to bring promotion effect and improve the grouting efficiency of the rice. Brassinolide and kinetin can maintain the maximum green leaf area, improve the photosynthetic capacity of upper leaves, prolong the functional period of the leaves, prevent premature senility of the leaves, improve the activity of root systems, enhance the photosynthesis of rice leaf surfaces and the running of carbohydrate to grains, obviously increase the number of rice seeds and the thousand seed weight, and obviously improve the yield.
The biological mixed regulator containing validamycin and kasugamycin can prevent and treat sheath blight disease, rice false smut, leaf blast, panicle blast and the like, and has high prevention effect, no phytotoxicity and no pollution. The brassinolide and the cytokinin are used together, so that the content of hormones and the activity of enzymes in plants can be regulated, the plant vigor and resistance are enhanced, the insect pests and diseases of rice are relieved, and the brassinolide can reduce the pesticide residue of kasugamycin. The biological mixed regulator is used in the early stage of rice heading, the biological regulator is used together with brassinolide, cytokinin, validamycin and kasugamycin, on one hand, the activity and the resistance of plants are enhanced, on the other hand, germs are directly harmed by chemical drugs, and the biological mixed regulator can promote the growth and development of rice, prevent premature senility of leaves, promote flower retention of poplars, improve the maturing rate, increase the grain weight, prevent empty grains and prevent diseases from occurring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can effectively kill germs carried by the seeds by airing and soaking the seeds, improves the germination rate of the seeds, and lays a good foundation for the growth of the seedlings of the seeds at the seedling stage by placing the seeds at different temperatures for root acceleration and germination acceleration so as to improve the root systems and the sprouts of the seeds.
2. By adopting different water management for different growth periods of rice, the rice is mainly irrigated in a moistening mode in the booting period and the filling period of the rice, a shallow water layer is put back in the field in the heading and flowering period, and the rice is alternately wetted and dried in other periods, so that the oxygen is increased, the absorption of root activity to nutrient substances is kept, the requirement of the rice on water can be met, and the defense of the rice on insect pests can be enhanced.
3. The pest and disease control of the rice is provided with physical and chemical control, and by additionally arranging the insect trap and the cnaphalocrocis medinalis trapper, duck breeding and other materials in the field can be controlled, so that the growth of pests and weeds can be reduced, and the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced. The biological mixed regulator is used in the early stage of rice heading, on one hand, the biological mixed regulator enhances the plant vigor and resistance, on the other hand, the biological mixed regulator directly disturbs pathogenic bacteria through chemical medicines, and the biological mixed regulator can promote the growth and development of rice, prevent premature senility of leaves, promote the flower retention of poplars, improve the seed setting rate, increase the grain weight, prevent blighted grains and prevent diseases from occurring from inside to outside.
4. The fertilizer mainly takes the organic fertilizer as the main material, and comprises the seedling raising organic fertilizer and the herb residue organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer has quick effect in the early stage and long fertilizer effect in the later stage, and the seedling raising organic fertilizer can meet the requirement of rice on the fertilizer in the seedling raising stage; the dregs of a decoction organic fertilizer is applied to the field, the dregs of a decoction organic fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrient components and long in fertilizer efficiency, the fertilizer mainly adopts natural substances, the components of the dregs of a decoction organic fertilizer are composted and matched with each other in a composting way, so that sufficient fertility can be provided for rice for a long time, harmful bacteria in soil can be killed and inhibited, the pest killing effect can be realized due to the contained traditional Chinese medicine components, and a good prevention effect can be realized on various common diseases of the rice. The decoction dreg organic fertilizer has the effect of long acting and slow release, the grouting foliar fertilizer and the zinc-rich foliar fertilizer are applied in a targeted manner aiming at the rice grouting stage and the tillering stage so as to meet the rapid requirements of rice on nutrient substances in different stages, the organic fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are combined quickly and slowly, the corresponding fertilizer is applied at the key time of the growth and development of the rice, and the requirements of the growth of rice crops on the fertilizer are met. So as to improve the yield and quality of rice. The rice yield can be effectively increased by using the decoction dreg organic fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer in a matching way. The biological mixed regulator and the residue-increasing organic fertilizer are used in the early stage of heading, and the biological mixed regulator can prevent common diseases of rice, promote the rice to quickly and effectively absorb the residue-increasing organic fertilizer, promote the flower retention of poplar flowers, improve the seed setting rate and increase the grain and weight.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of grain seeds
Placing rice plants in the sun, airing for 2 days, then placing the rice plants in saline water for seed selection, removing the seeds floating in the solution, fishing out the seeds deposited at the bottom, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking for 6 hours, accelerating germination after the seed soaking is finished, placing the seeds soaked in the seeds at 36 ℃ for breaking the tripes for 20 hours, then placing the seeds at 30 ℃ for accelerating root for 8 hours, and placing the seeds at 26 ℃ for accelerating germination after the root accelerating is finished.
(2) Seedling raising
100kg of seedling raising organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seedling bed, then the rice seeds for accelerating germination are sowed in the seedling bed which is arranged in advance, 50kg of seedling raising organic fertilizer is applied to each mu 4 days before transplanting, and the effect that the rice seeds with fertilizer are put in the field is achieved.
The seedling raising organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of animal waste, 100 parts of straw, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of chitin, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of kaolin and 1 part of rooting powder.
The preparation method of the seedling raising organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 100 parts of animal wastes, 100 parts of straws, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of chitin, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of kaolin and 1 part of rooting powder according to parts by weight, adding strains into the animal wastes, the straws, the humic acid, the chitin, the charcoal and the kaolin, piling up and fermenting, controlling the humidity at 50 percent and the fermentation temperature at 50 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly mixing the fermented product and the rooting powder. In the preparation method, a proper amount of organic fertilizer leavening agent can be added in the fermentation process for fermentation.
(3) Transplanting
Transplanting in proper time, controlling the seedling age at 28 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the prepared field.
(4) Management of field
Before the seedlings are transplanted into a field, applying medicine residue organic fertilizer as base fertilizer according to 300kg per mu in the field; when the rice seedlings begin to tillere, a tillering leaf fertilizer is applied, and the tillering leaf fertilizer is a zinc-rich leaf fertilizer; when the ear is threshed, 50-80kg of the dregs of a decoction organic fertilizer is applied to the field per mu; applying grouting foliar fertilizer in the grouting period; the field management comprises the steps of adopting different water management for rice in different development stages, mainly carrying out moist irrigation in the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, returning a shallow water layer to the field in the heading and flowering stage, and mainly carrying out moist irrigation at other times by adopting dry-wet alternation to increase oxygen and keep the activity of a root system.
The field management also comprises the pest control of the rice field, and the pest control comprises physical control and chemical control; the physical prevention and control method comprises the following steps: the solar energy insect trap and the rice leaf roller trap are arranged in the field to control the leaf roller and other light-driving pests, 1 set of solar energy insect trap and 3 sets of rice leaf roller trap are arranged in each 50 mu field on average, ducks are stocked in the field, and 10 ducks are stocked in each mu field for controlling pests and weeding. The chemical prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the step of using a biological mixed regulator at the early stage of the heading of the rice, wherein the biological mixed regulator is applied according to the amount of 100 kg/mu.
The biological mixed regulator is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of validamycin, 6 parts of kasugamycin, 2 parts of cytokinin, 1 part of brassinolide and 12000 parts of water.
The medicine residue organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, 50 parts of Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, 100 parts of animal manure, 100 parts of straw, 50 parts of rice hull, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of chitin, 20 parts of charcoal and 20 parts of kaolin.
The preparation method of the medicine residue organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 50 parts of houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, 50 parts of Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, 100 parts of animal wastes, 100 parts of straws, 50 parts of rice hulls, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of chitin, 20 parts of charcoal and 20 parts of kaolin according to parts by weight, mixing and crushing the houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, the Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, the animal wastes, the straws, the charcoal, the rice hulls and the kaolin, adding a strain, piling and fermenting, controlling the humidity at 50 percent and the fermentation temperature at 50 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and stirring and mixing the fermented product, the chitin and the humic acid uniformly. In the preparation method, a proper amount of organic fertilizer leavening agent can be added in the fermentation process for fermentation.
The grouting foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 3 parts of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of chelating agent, 7 parts of boric acid, 2 parts of brassinolide, 2 parts of kinetin and 1 part of trace element.
The foliar fertilizer is diluted by 500 times by adding water, and a spraying mode is adopted, so that the application amount is preferably the wetting of the leaf surfaces of the rice.
(5) Harvesting: when most leaves of rice plants turn from green to yellow, the rice ears lose the green color, the middle parts of the ears turn to yellow, rice grains are full, and the grains are hard and turn to yellow for harvesting.
Example 2:
a high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of grain seeds
Placing rice plants in the sun for airing for 2 days, then placing the rice plants in saline water for seed selection, removing the seeds floating in the solution, fishing out the seeds deposited at the bottom of the water, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking for 10 hours, accelerating germination after the seed soaking is finished, placing the seeds soaked in the seeds at 39 ℃ for 30 hours for belly breaking, placing the seeds at 35 ℃ for 10 hours for root acceleration, and placing the seeds at 28 ℃ for accelerating germination after the root acceleration is finished.
(2) Seedling raising
150kg of seedling raising organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seedling bed, then the rice seeds for accelerating germination are sowed in the seedling bed which is arranged in advance, 100kg of seedling raising organic fertilizer is applied to each mu 4-5 days before transplanting, and the effect that the rice seeds with fertilizer are put in the field is achieved.
The seedling raising organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of animal waste, 150 parts of straw, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of chitin, 30 parts of charcoal, 30 parts of kaolin and 2 parts of rooting powder.
The preparation method of the seedling raising organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 200 parts of animal wastes, 150 parts of straws, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of chitin, 30 parts of charcoal, 30 parts of kaolin and 2 parts of rooting powder according to parts by weight, adding strains into the animal wastes, the straws, the humic acid, the chitin, the charcoal and the kaolin, piling up and fermenting, controlling the humidity at 60 percent and the fermentation temperature at 60 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly mixing the fermented product and the rooting powder. In the preparation method, a proper amount of organic fertilizer leavening agent can be added in the fermentation process for fermentation.
(3) Transplanting
Transplanting in proper time, controlling the seedling age to 35 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the prepared field.
(4) Management of field
Before the seedlings are transplanted into a field, 400kg of herb residue organic fertilizer is applied to the field as base fertilizer per mu; when the rice seedlings begin to tillere, a tillering leaf fertilizer is applied, and the tillering leaf fertilizer is a zinc-rich leaf fertilizer; applying herb residue organic fertilizer to the field according to 80kg per mu when heading; applying grouting foliar fertilizer in the grouting period; the field management comprises the steps of adopting different water management for rice in different development stages, mainly carrying out moist irrigation in the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, returning a shallow water layer to the field in the heading and flowering stage, and mainly carrying out moist irrigation at other times by adopting dry-wet alternation to increase oxygen and keep the activity of a root system.
The field management also comprises the pest control of the rice field, and the pest control comprises physical control and chemical control; the physical prevention and control method comprises the following steps: the solar energy insect trap and the rice leaf roller trap are arranged in the field to control the leaf roller and other light-driving pests, 2 sets of the solar energy insect trap and 5 sets of the rice leaf roller trap are arranged in each 50 mu of field on average, ducks are stocked in the field, and 20 ducks are stocked in each mu of field for controlling pests and weeding. The chemical prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the step of using a biological mixed regulator at the early stage of the heading of the rice, wherein the biological mixed regulator is applied according to the amount of 150 kg/mu.
The biological mixed regulator is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of validamycin, 10 parts of kasugamycin, 5 parts of cytokinin, 2 parts of brassinolide and 16000 parts of water.
The medicine residue organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, 100 parts of Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, 200 parts of animal manure, 150 parts of straw, 100 parts of rice hull, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of chitin, 30 parts of charcoal and 30 parts of kaolin.
The preparation method of the medicine residue organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 100 parts of houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, 100 parts of Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, 200 parts of animal wastes, 150 parts of straws, 100 parts of rice hulls, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of chitin, 30 parts of charcoal and 30 parts of kaolin according to parts by weight, mixing and crushing the houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, the Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, the animal wastes, the straws, the charcoal, the rice hulls and the kaolin, adding a strain, piling and fermenting, controlling the humidity to be 60 percent and the fermentation temperature to be 60 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and stirring and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the chitin and the humic acid. In the preparation method, a proper amount of organic fertilizer leavening agent can be added in the fermentation process for fermentation.
The grouting foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 4 parts of urea, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of chelating agent, 10 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of brassinolide, 4 parts of kinetin and 2 parts of trace elements.
The foliar fertilizer is diluted by 800 times by adding water, and the spraying mode is adopted, so that the application amount is preferably the wetting of the leaf surfaces of the rice.
(5) Harvesting: when most leaves of rice plants turn from green to yellow, the rice ears lose the green color, the middle parts of the ears turn to yellow, rice grains are full, and the grains are hard and turn to yellow for harvesting.
Example 3:
a high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of grain seeds
Placing rice plants in the sun for airing for 2 days, then placing the rice plants in saline water for seed selection, removing the seeds floating in the solution, fishing out the seeds deposited at the bottom of the water, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking for 8 hours, accelerating germination after the seed soaking is finished, placing the seeds soaked in the seeds at 37 ℃ for 27 hours for belly breaking, placing the seeds at 32 ℃ for 9 hours for root acceleration, and placing the seeds at 27 ℃ for accelerating germination after the root acceleration is finished.
(2) Seedling raising
130kg of seedling raising organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seedling bed, then the rice seeds for accelerating germination are sowed in the seedling bed which is arranged in advance, 80kg of seedling raising organic fertilizer is applied to each mu 4 days before transplanting, and the effect that the rice seeds with fertilizer are put in the field is achieved.
The seedling raising organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180 parts of animal waste, 120 parts of straw, 130 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of chitin, 25 parts of charcoal, 25 parts of kaolin and 2 parts of rooting powder.
The preparation method of the seedling raising organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 160 parts of animal wastes, 130 parts of straws, 13 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of chitin, 27 parts of charcoal, 25 parts of kaolin and 2 parts of rooting powder according to parts by weight, adding strains into the animal wastes, the straws, the humic acid, the chitin, the charcoal and the kaolin, piling up and fermenting, controlling the humidity to be 55 percent and the fermentation temperature to be 55 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly mixing the fermented product and the rooting powder. In the preparation method, a proper amount of organic fertilizer leavening agent can be added in the fermentation process for fermentation.
(3) Transplanting
Transplanting in proper time, controlling the seedling age at 29 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the prepared field.
(4) Management of field
Before the seedlings are transplanted into a field, applying herb residue organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in the field according to 360kg per mu; when the rice seedlings begin to tillere, a tillering leaf fertilizer is applied, and the tillering leaf fertilizer is a zinc-rich leaf fertilizer; when the ear is threshed, 60kg of herb residue organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of field; applying grouting foliar fertilizer in the grouting period; the field management comprises the steps of adopting different water management for rice in different development stages, mainly carrying out moist irrigation in the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, returning a shallow water layer to the field in the heading and flowering stage, and mainly carrying out moist irrigation at other times by adopting dry-wet alternation to increase oxygen and keep the activity of a root system.
The field management also comprises the pest control of the rice field, and the pest control comprises physical control and chemical control; the physical prevention and control method comprises the following steps: the solar energy insect trap and the rice leaf roller trap are arranged in the field to control the leaf roller and other light-driving pests, 2 sets of the solar energy insect trap and 4 sets of the rice leaf roller trap are arranged in each 50 mu of field on average, ducks are stocked in the field, and 18 ducks are stocked in each mu of field for controlling pests and weeding. The chemical prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the step of using a biological mixed regulator at the early stage of the heading of the rice, wherein the biological mixed regulator is applied according to the amount of 120 kg/mu.
The biological mixed regulator is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of validamycin, 8 parts of kasugamycin, 3 parts of cytokinin, 2 parts of brassinolide and 15000 parts of water.
The medicine residue organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of houttuynia herb residues, 70 parts of Chinese lobelia herb residues, 150 parts of animal wastes, 120 parts of straws, 80 parts of rice hulls, 12 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of chitin, 23 parts of charcoal and 25 parts of kaolin.
The preparation method of the medicine residue organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 80 parts of houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, 80 parts of Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, 150 parts of animal wastes, 130 parts of straws, 80 parts of rice hulls, 13 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of chitin, 28 parts of charcoal and 27 parts of kaolin, mixing and crushing the houttuynia cordata decoction dregs, the Chinese lobelia decoction dregs, the animal wastes, the straws, the charcoal, the rice hulls and the kaolin, adding a strain, piling and fermenting, controlling the humidity to be 57 percent and the fermentation temperature to be 57 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and stirring and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the chitin and the humic acid. In the preparation method, a proper amount of organic fertilizer leavening agent can be added in the fermentation process for fermentation.
The grouting foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 4 parts of urea, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 8 parts of chelating agent, 8 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of brassinolide, 3 parts of kinetin and 2 parts of trace elements.
The foliar fertilizer is diluted by 600 times by adding water, and a spraying mode is adopted, so that the application amount is preferably the wetting of the leaf surfaces of rice.
(5) Harvesting: when most leaves of rice plants turn from green to yellow, the rice ears lose the green color, the middle parts of the ears turn to yellow, rice grains are full, and the grains are hard and turn to yellow for harvesting.
Comparative example 1
A rice planting method is characterized in that a decoction dreg organic fertilizer is replaced by a conventional livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, and other planting treatment modes are consistent with those in example 5.
Comparative example 2
A rice planting method is characterized in that a biological mixed regulator is replaced by a mixed solution of validamycin and kasugamycin, and other planting treatment modes are the same as those in example 5.
Comparative example 3
A rice planting method is characterized in that a seedling raising organic fertilizer is replaced by a conventional livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, and other planting treatment modes are consistent with those of example 5.
Comparative example 4
A rice planting method is characterized in that a grouting foliar fertilizer is replaced by a Wodun rice foliar fertilizer, and other planting treatment modes are the same as those in example 5.
Comparative example 5
A method for planting paddy rice features that the conventional paddy rice seed treating and seedling growing method is used, the conventional technology is used for field and water-fertilizer management, the chemical fertilizer is used as fertilizer, the compound fertilizer, urea and potash fertilizer are applied at different times, and the chemical agricultural chemical is used for preventing and eliminating diseases and pests.
Examples and comparative examples described above
TABLE 1
From the table 1, the medicine residue organic fertilizer has obvious effect on preventing rice diseases and certain promotion effect on the yield and the quality of rice, and the biological mixed regulator has obvious effect on preventing and controlling rice diseases and certain influence on the ear length and the seed plump rate of rice; the grouting foliar fertilizer has obvious influence on the seed filling rate and the seed weight. The drug residue organic fertilizer and the biological mixed regulator are matched for use, so that the prevention and treatment effect of the rice on diseases can be further enhanced. Therefore, the high-quality rice planting method reduces the use amount of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and obviously improves the yield and the quality of rice.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A high-quality rice planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) treatment of grain seeds
Placing the rice seeds in the sun for airing for 1-2 days, then placing the rice seeds into saline water for seed selection, removing the seeds floating in the solution, fishing out the seeds deposited at the bottom of the water, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking for 6-10 hours, accelerating germination after seed soaking, placing the seeds soaked for seed at 36-39 ℃ for 20-30 hours for belly breaking, placing the seeds at 30-35 ℃ for 8-10 hours for root acceleration, and placing the seeds at 26-28 ℃ for accelerating germination after root acceleration;
(2) seedling raising
Applying a seedling raising organic fertilizer in the seedling bed, then sowing the germination-accelerating grain seeds into the seedling bed which is arranged in advance, and applying the seedling raising organic fertilizer 4-5 days before transplanting to realize that the seedling raising organic fertilizer is put in the field with fertilizer;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting in due time, controlling the seedling age at 28-35 days, transplanting the seedlings into the prepared field;
(4) management of field
Before the seedlings are transplanted into a field, applying 400kg of medicine residue organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu in the field according to 300-; applying a tillering foliar fertilizer when the rice seedlings start to tillering; when the ear is threshed, 50-80kg of the dregs of a decoction organic fertilizer is applied to the field per mu; applying grouting foliar fertilizer in the grouting period;
the medicine residue organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-100 parts of houttuynia cordata herb residues, 50-100 parts of Chinese lobelia herb residues, 200 parts of animal wastes, 150 parts of straws, 50-100 parts of rice hulls, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal and 20-30 parts of kaolin;
(5) harvesting
When most leaves of rice plants turn from green to yellow, the rice ears lose the green color, the middle parts of the ears turn to yellow, rice grains are full, and the grains are hard and turn to yellow for harvesting.
2. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the field management comprises the steps of adopting different water management for rice in different development stages, mainly carrying out moist irrigation in the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, returning a shallow water layer to the field in the heading and flowering stage, and mainly carrying out moist irrigation at other times by adopting dry-wet alternation to increase oxygen and keep the activity of a root system.
3. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the field management also comprises pest control of the rice field, and the pest control comprises physical control and chemical control; the physical prevention and control method comprises the following steps: the solar energy insect trap and the cnaphalocrocis medinalis trapper are arranged in the field to control the cnaphalocrocis medinalis and other light-repelling pests, 1-2 sets of the solar energy insect trap and 3-5 sets of the cnaphalocrocis medinalis trapper are arranged in 50 mu of field on average, meanwhile, ducks are stocked in the field, and 10-20 ducks are stocked in each mu of field for controlling pests and weeding.
4. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 3, wherein: the chemical prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the step of applying 100-150kg of biological mixed regulator to each mu of rice at the early stage of heading, wherein the biological mixed regulator is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of validamycin, 6-10 parts of kasugamycin, 2-5 parts of cytokinin, 1-2 parts of brassinolide and 12000-16000 parts of water.
5. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the seedling raising organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100-200 parts of animal waste, 100-150 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal, 20-30 parts of kaolin and 1-2 parts of rooting powder.
6. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein:
the grouting foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 3-4 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of chelating agent, 7-10 parts of boric acid, 2-4 parts of brassinolide, 2-4 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 2-4 parts of kinetin and 1-2 parts of trace elements.
7. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the tillering foliar fertilizer is a zinc-rich foliar fertilizer.
8. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the medicine residue organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
weighing 50-100 parts of houttuynia cordata herb residue, 50-100 parts of Chinese lobelia herb residue, 200 parts of animal waste, 100 parts of straw, 150 parts of rice hull, 50-100 parts of rice hull, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal and 20-30 parts of kaolin according to parts by weight, mixing and crushing the houttuynia cordata herb residue, the Chinese lobelia herb residue, the animal waste, the straw, the charcoal, the rice hull and the kaolin, adding a strain to stack and ferment, controlling the humidity to be 50-60%, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly stirring and mixing the fermented product with the chitin and the humic acid.
9. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the seedling raising organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing 200 parts of 100-one animal waste, 150 parts of 100-one straw, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of chitin, 20-30 parts of charcoal, 20-30 parts of kaolin and 1-2 parts of rooting powder according to parts by weight, adding the animal waste, the straw, the humic acid, the chitin, the charcoal and the kaolin into a strain to be piled up for fermentation, controlling the humidity to be 50-60 percent and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fermented product has no peculiar smell, and uniformly mixing the fermented product and the rooting powder.
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| CN114586621A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 龙门县顺喜来生态农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving rice quality |
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