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CN110725879A - Disc brake based on magnetostrictive material and control method thereof - Google Patents

Disc brake based on magnetostrictive material and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110725879A
CN110725879A CN201911009661.XA CN201911009661A CN110725879A CN 110725879 A CN110725879 A CN 110725879A CN 201911009661 A CN201911009661 A CN 201911009661A CN 110725879 A CN110725879 A CN 110725879A
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China
Prior art keywords
brake
driver
coil
rod
current
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CN201911009661.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张自宇
王春燕
王一松
赵万忠
何鹏
刘畅
刘津强
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Priority to CN201911009661.XA priority Critical patent/CN110725879A/en
Publication of CN110725879A publication Critical patent/CN110725879A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F16D65/186—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with full-face force-applying member, e.g. annular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/228—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a separate actuating member for each side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials and a control method thereof. The invention is used in the disc brake, and the invention replaces the original hydraulic pump structure as the brake driver, and adopts the double-hysteresis telescopic driver to respectively drive the two brake pistons of the fixed caliper disc brake, thereby keeping the advantages of the disc brake, and simultaneously reducing the volume of the fixed caliper disc brake, so that the fixed caliper disc brake can be applied to cars. In addition, the brake cancels a hydraulic oil circuit, simplifies the system structure and saves the cost.

Description

Disc brake based on magnetostrictive material and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile mechanical braking, and particularly relates to a disc brake based on a magnetostrictive material and a control method thereof.
Background
The rotating element in the friction pair of the disc brake is a metal disc which works on the end face and is called a brake disc; the friction elements grip the brake disc from both sides to produce braking. The fixing elements have various structural forms, and can generally divide the disc brake into a caliper disc type and a full disc type.
The existing disc brakes on the market are mainly hydraulic type and are controlled by hydraulic pressure, and the main parts comprise a brake disc, a wheel cylinder, a brake caliper, an oil pipe, a brake block and the like. The disc brake has the advantages of fast heat dissipation, light weight, simple structure and convenient adjustment. Particularly, the high-temperature resistant performance is good under high load, the braking effect is stable, the muddy water invasion is not afraid, and the vehicle can run in winter and under bad road conditions.
Much work has been done on disc brakes at the present time. For example, the disk brake with the magnetostrictive force application function, which is provided by the Chinese invention patent application number of 201410785712.9 and is named as a disk brake with the giant magnetostrictive force application function and a method thereof, has the characteristics of simple and reliable structure, good compatibility with the existing brake system and no influence on the normal work of ABS (anti-lock brake system) and is provided by utilizing the magnetostrictive phenomenon of magnetostrictive materials; the driving safety can be improved while the braking distance in emergency braking is reduced; the Chinese invention patent application number is 201610902190.5, named as a hydraulic self-energizing disc brake, and provides a hydraulic self-energizing disc brake which is provided with a set of energizing device on the basis of the existing floating caliper disc brake, realizes the bidirectional energizing effect in the braking process of an automobile and improves the braking efficiency; the Chinese invention patent application number is 201811214157.9, which is named as a magnetic fluid disc brake, provides a disc brake different from the traditional braking mode by using an intelligent material magnetic fluid, and combines hydraulic braking and magnetic fluid regulation braking to realize a multi-stage braking mode.
In view of the above research on disc brakes, although disc brakes have considerable advantages, the problems of high cost, complicated brake structure, complicated hydraulic system arrangement, hydraulic hysteresis, etc. are still not solved.
The magnetostrictive material is a novel intelligent material which can be expanded and contracted along the magnetization direction when magnetized in a magnetic field and generates great thrust when the magnetostrictive strain is generated. If an energized coil is used as the magnetic field source, the change in the dimensions of the magnetostrictive material can be controlled when the current through the coil is varied or the distance from the magnet is varied. The magnetic field sensing and driving circuit has the advantages of fast response time under the control of a magnetic field, good frequency characteristic, high energy density, large coupling coefficient and sensing and driving functions, so the magnetic field sensing and driving circuit has wide application prospect in many fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems of high cost, complex brake structure, complex hydraulic system arrangement, hydraulic hysteresis and the like of the disc brake in the prior art; the invention utilizes the advantages of the novel intelligent material magnetostrictive material such as fast response time under the control of a magnetic field, good frequency characteristic, high energy density, large thrust generated during deformation and the like, controls the change of the magnetic field by controlling the current in the electrified coil so as to realize the control on the stretching of the magnetostrictive material, and takes the magnetostrictive material as a brake driver to replace the original hydraulic drive, thereby improving the response speed of the brake, removing a hydraulic system, greatly simplifying the structures of the brake system and the brake and saving the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials, which comprises: the brake assembly, the left brake driver, the right brake driver and the force and displacement transmission module;
the brake assembly includes: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper body, a guide pin, a left brake block back plate, a left brake block, a left piston, a right piston, a rubber ring, a right brake block back plate and a brake disc;
the brake caliper body is fixed on a steering knuckle of a front axle of the automobile, and a left brake driver and a right brake driver are installed on the brake caliper body;
the brake disc is fixed on a hub of the automobile and extends into a space between the left brake block and the right brake block;
the left brake block back plate and the right brake block back plate are respectively connected with the left piston and the right piston, are suspended on the guide pins and can move along the guide pins; the left brake block and the right brake block are respectively fixed on a left brake block back plate and a right brake block back plate;
rubber rings are respectively embedded in the annular grooves with the trapezoidal sections on the inner walls of the holes of the left piston and the right piston, and the rubber rings are used for returning the brake when braking is finished;
the left and right brake actuators each include: the device comprises a driver shell, a giant magnetostrictive rod, an excitation coil, a demagnetizing coil, a magnetic isolation liner and a magnetic isolation top cover;
the input end of the giant magnetostrictive rod is fixed at the bottom end inside the driver shell;
the excitation coil and the demagnetizing coil are wound on the giant magnetostrictive rod;
the magnetic isolation gasket is tightly attached to the inner side of the driver shell; the magnetic isolation top cover is rotatably arranged at the top ends of the left brake driver and the right brake driver and isolates the influence of a magnetic field on the outside together with the magnetic isolation liner;
the force and displacement transmission module is used for transmitting force and displacement output by the left brake driver and the right brake driver, and comprises: the giant magnetostrictive rod, the transmission rod, the piston push rod and the support pin;
the supporting pins are fixed on two sides of the brake caliper body;
the middle part of the transmission rod is hinged on the supporting pin, the lower end of the transmission rod is hinged with the input end of the piston push rod, and the upper end of the transmission rod is hinged with the output end of the giant magnetostrictive rod;
the output end of the piston push rod is fixedly connected with the piston.
Furthermore, the left side and the right side of the brake caliper body are respectively provided with a sliding groove for installing the left brake driver and the right brake driver.
Further, the left brake driver and the right brake driver are fixed on the brake caliper body through fixing screws.
Further, the brake further includes: and the adjusting shim is matched with the fixing screw for use and is used for adjusting the positions of the left brake driver and the right brake driver.
Further, the section of the giant magnetostrictive rod is circular, the length of the rod is more than 5cm, and the diameter of the rod is more than 10 mm.
Further, the material used by the giant magnetostrictive rod is a giant magnetostrictive material with a magnetostrictive coefficient not less than 2000 ppm.
Further, the cross-section of the drive housing is ⊥ -shaped.
Furthermore, the two brake drivers are identical in internal arrangement structure and symmetrically installed at the front and rear positions of the upper part of the brake caliper body.
Furthermore, the number of the conducting wires used by the exciting coils in the two brake drivers is one, the arrangement of the conducting wires in the exciting coils is completely consistent, and the directions of the currents of the two exciting coils relative to the brake drivers are consistent after the currents are introduced.
Furthermore, the number of the wires used by the demagnetizing coils in the two brake actuators is one, the arrangement of the wires in the demagnetizing coils is completely consistent, and the directions of the currents of the two demagnetizing coils relative to the brake actuators are consistent after the currents are introduced.
The invention also provides a control method of the disc brake based on the magnetostrictive material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) when a brake pedal is stepped on for braking, vehicle state information and pedal information are collected and transmitted to an Electronic Control Unit (ECU);
(2) the electronic control unit receives the vehicle state information and the pedal information, obtains the required target braking force after processing, calculates the current required by the magnet exciting coil according to the required target braking force, adjusts the current to the required current value and inputs the current value into the magnet exciting coil;
(3) the electronic control unit adjusts the current in the excitation coil according to the working state of the brake pedal to change the magnetic field intensity in the excitation coil, so that the giant magnetostrictive rods in the two brake drivers are deformed and output the required braking force;
(4) when braking is finished, the electronic control unit controls the exciting coil to be powered off, the demagnetizing coils in the two brake drivers are electrified with current in the direction (relative to the driver structure) opposite to the current electrified before the exciting coil, the magnetic field is eliminated, the giant magnetostrictive rod restores to the original length, and braking is finished.
Preferably, the vehicle state information includes: vehicle speed signals and wheel speed signals.
Preferably, the pedal information is a pedal displacement signal and a pedal speed signal.
Preferably, when the current magnitude in the exciting coil is calculated in the step (2), the current magnitude required in the exciting coil in a single brake driver, namely the current magnitude required to be input, is calculated according to only half of the required target braking force.
Preferably, the force and displacement output by the two brake actuators during braking in the step (3) should be completely consistent, and are respectively half of the required braking force and half of the required displacement.
Preferably, the formula for calculating the braking force required to be output by the giant magnetostrictive rod in the single braking actuator in the step (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002243817050000031
the formula for calculating the deformation of the giant magnetostrictive rod required by outputting the required braking force is as follows:
Figure BDA0002243817050000032
the formula for calculating the magnitude of the current input into the required coil is:
Figure BDA0002243817050000041
in the formula, FcThe output force of the giant magnetostrictive rod is required for a single braking actuator; fzThe required braking force is obtained; epsilon is the deformation of the needed single brake driver giant magnetostrictive rod; e is the elastic modulus of the giant magnetostrictive rod; r is the radius of the giant magnetostrictive rod; pi is a circumferential rate constant; i is the current in the required coil; l is the length of the coil part wound by the giant magnetostrictive rod; a is a characteristic constant (depending on the material properties); mu.s0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity; and N is the number of coil turns.
Preferably, the step (3) further comprises: in the braking force adjusting process, if the braking force is required to be reduced, the demagnetizing coil is electrified to be opposite to the exciting coil, and the influence of the hysteresis phenomenon on the braking force is eliminated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing disc brake, the invention adopts the method of controlling the current of the electrified coil to control the magnetostrictive deformation to realize the brake driving, and the current is used as a signal transmission medium, so that the electrification of the automobile brake system is easier to realize.
The invention eliminates the hydraulic oil circuit, so that the designed disc brake keeps the advantages of the traditional disc brake and greatly simplifies the structure of the brake system and the brake.
The core of the brake actuator is made of magnetostrictive materials, so that the high response speed of the brake actuator is inherited to the brake, and the response speed of the brake is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a disc brake based on magnetostrictive material according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a disc brake based on magnetostrictive material according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a disc brake based on magnetostrictive material according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a driver A-A according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a disc brake control method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the floating caliper disc brake according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-brake caliper body, 2-guide pin, 3-left brake block back plate, 4-left brake block, 5-left piston, 6-rubber ring, 7-support pin, 8-right brake block, 9-right brake block back plate, 10-brake disc, 11-right piston, 12-driver shell, 13-magnetic isolation gasket, 14-super magnetic induction telescopic rod, 15-magnetic isolation top cover, 16-transmission rod, 17-piston push rod, 18-adjusting gasket, 19-left brake driver, 20-fixing screw, 21-excitation coil, 22-degaussing coil, 23-right brake driver and 24-chute.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a disc brake based on magnetostrictive material according to the present invention includes: the brake assembly, the left brake driver 19, the right brake driver 23 and the force and displacement transmission module;
the brake assembly includes: the brake caliper comprises a caliper body 1, a guide pin 2, a left brake block back plate 3, a left brake block 4, a left piston 5, a right piston 11, a rubber ring 6, a right brake block 8, a right brake block back plate 9 and a brake disc 10;
the brake caliper body 1 is fixed on a steering knuckle of a front axle of an automobile, and a left brake driver 19 and a right brake driver 23 are installed on the brake caliper body;
the brake disc 10 is fixed on the hub of the automobile and extends into the space between the left brake block 4 and the right brake block 8;
the left brake block back plate 3 and the right brake block back plate 9 are respectively connected with the left piston 5 and the right piston 11, are suspended on the guide pin 2 and can move along the guide pin 2; the left brake block 4 and the right brake block 8 are respectively fixed on the left brake block back plate 3 and the right brake block back plate 9;
rubber rings 6 are respectively embedded in the annular grooves with the trapezoidal sections on the inner walls of the holes of the left piston 5 and the right piston 11, and the rubber rings 6 are used for returning the brake when braking is finished;
the left brake actuator 19 and the right brake actuator 23 each include: the magnetic isolation device comprises a driver shell 12, a super magnetostrictive rod 14, an excitation coil 21, a demagnetizing coil 22, a magnetic isolation liner 13 and a magnetic isolation top cover 15;
the input end of the giant magnetostrictive rod 14 is fixed at the bottom end inside the driver shell 12;
the excitation coil 21 and the demagnetizing coil 22 are wound on the giant magnetostrictive rod 14;
the magnetic isolation gasket 13 is tightly attached to the inner side of the driver shell 12; the magnetic isolation top cover 15 is rotatably arranged at the top ends of the left brake driver 19 and the right brake driver 23, and isolates the influence of a magnetic field on the outside together with the magnetic isolation liner 13;
the force and displacement transmission module is used for transmitting the force and displacement output by the left brake actuator 19 and the right brake actuator 23, and comprises: the giant magnetostrictive rod 14, the transmission rod 16, the piston push rod 17 and the supporting pin 7;
the supporting pins 7 are fixed on two sides of the brake caliper body 1;
the middle part of the transmission rod 16 is hinged on the supporting pin 7, the lower end of the transmission rod is hinged with the input end of the piston push rod 17, and the upper end of the transmission rod 16 is hinged with the output end of the giant magnetostrictive rod 14;
the output end of the piston push rod 17 is fixedly connected with the piston.
The left side and the right side of the brake caliper body 1 are respectively provided with a sliding groove 24 for mounting the left brake driver 19 and the right brake driver 23.
The left brake driver 19 and the right brake driver 23 are fixed on the caliper body 1 through fixing screws 20.
The brake further includes: an adjustment shim 18, which is used in conjunction with set screw 20, is used to adjust the position of left brake actuator 19 and right brake actuator 23.
The section of the giant magnetostrictive rod 14 is circular, the length of the rod is more than 5cm, and the diameter of the rod is more than 10 mm.
The material used for the giant magnetostrictive rod 14 is a giant magnetostrictive material with a magnetostrictive coefficient not less than 2000 ppm.
The cross-section of the drive housing 12 is ⊥ -shaped.
The two brake drivers are consistent in internal arrangement structure and symmetrically arranged at the front and rear parts of the upper part of the brake caliper body.
The number of the conducting wires used by the exciting coils 21 in the two brake drivers is one, the conducting wires in the exciting coils are completely arranged in the same way, and the directions of the currents of the two exciting coils relative to the brake drivers are the same after the currents are introduced.
The number of the wires used for the demagnetizing coils 22 in the two brake actuators is one, the arrangement of the wires in the demagnetizing coils is completely consistent, and the directions of the currents of the two demagnetizing coils relative to the brake actuators are consistent after the currents are introduced.
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment also provides a method for controlling the disc brake, which is based on the system and includes the following steps:
(1) when a driver steps on a brake pedal to brake, the sensors acquire a pedal displacement signal 26, a pedal speed signal 27, a vehicle speed signal 28, a wheel speed signal 29 and a braking force signal 25 and transmit the acquired information to the ECU 30;
(2) the ECU30 (electronic control unit) receives the pedal displacement signal 26, the pedal speed signal 27, the vehicle speed signal 28 and the wheel speed signal 29, processes them to obtain the required target braking force, and calculates the current needed by the exciting coil 21 according to the required target braking force; and the current is adjusted to a desired current value and inputted into the exciting coil.
(3) The ECU changes the magnetic field intensity in the exciting coil 21 by adjusting the current in the exciting coil 21 according to the operation of the brake pedal by the driver, so that the giant magnetostrictive rods 14 in the left brake driver 19 and the right brake driver 23 are deformed and output the required braking force. Then, the braking force outputted from the left brake actuator 19 and the right brake actuator 23 acts on the left and right pistons 5 and 11 via the transmission rod 16 and the piston push rod 17, so that the pistons move toward the brake disk 10 and press the left brake pad 4 and the right brake pad 8 against the brake disk 10 through the left brake pad backing plate 3 and the right brake pad backing plate 9, thereby completing the braking.
(4) When braking is finished, the ECU controls the exciting coil 21 to be powered off, the demagnetizing coils 22 in the two brake actuators are electrified in the direction (relative to the brake actuator structure) opposite to the direction of the current electrified before the exciting coil 21, the magnetic field is eliminated, and the length of the super magnetostrictive rod 14 is restored. Meanwhile, as the rubber ring 6 and the giant magnetostrictive rod 14 are restored to the original state, the left piston 5 and the right piston 11, together with the left brake shoe back plate 3 and the right brake shoe back plate 9, and the left brake shoe 4 and the right brake shoe 8, are retracted to the original positions, and braking is finished.
The pedal information is a pedal displacement signal 26 and a pedal speed signal 27, and the vehicle state signals are a vehicle speed signal 28 and a wheel speed signal 29.
When the current magnitude in the excitation coil 21 is calculated, the current magnitude required in the excitation coil 21 in a single brake driver is calculated according to only half of the required target braking force, namely the current magnitude required to be input;
in the braking process, the force and the displacement output by the left brake driver 19 and the right brake driver 23 are completely consistent and are respectively half of the required braking force and half of the required displacement;
wherein, the formula for calculating the braking force required to be output by the giant magnetostrictive rod in the single braking driver in the step (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002243817050000061
the formula for calculating the deformation of the giant magnetostrictive rod required by outputting the required braking force is as follows:
Figure BDA0002243817050000062
the formula for calculating the magnitude of the current input into the required coil is:
Figure BDA0002243817050000071
in the formula, FcThe required output force of the giant magnetostrictive rod in the single brake driver; fzThe required braking force is obtained; epsilon is the deformation of the giant magnetostrictive rod in a single required brake driver; e is the elastic modulus of the giant magnetostrictive rod; r is the radius of the giant magnetostrictive rod; pi is a circumferential rate constant; i is the current in the required coil; l is the length of the coil part wound by the giant magnetostrictive rod; a is a characteristic constant (depending on the material properties); mu.s0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity; and N is the number of coil turns.
Wherein the step (3) further comprises: in the braking force adjusting process, if the braking force is required to be reduced, the demagnetizing coil is electrified to be opposite to the exciting coil, and the influence of the hysteresis phenomenon on the braking force is eliminated.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention can be applied to a floating caliper disc brake in addition to a fixed caliper disc brake.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A disc brake based on magnetostrictive material, characterized in that it comprises: the brake assembly, the left brake driver, the right brake driver and the force and displacement transmission module;
the brake assembly includes: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper body, a guide pin, a left brake block back plate, a left brake block, a left piston, a right piston, a rubber ring, a right brake block back plate and a brake disc;
the brake caliper body is fixed on a steering knuckle of a front axle of the automobile, and a left brake driver and a right brake driver are installed on the brake caliper body;
the brake disc is fixed on a hub of the automobile and extends into a space between the left brake block and the right brake block;
the left brake block back plate and the right brake block back plate are respectively connected with the left piston and the right piston, are suspended on the guide pins and can move along the guide pins; the left brake block and the right brake block are respectively fixed on a left brake block back plate and a right brake block back plate;
rubber rings are respectively embedded in the annular grooves with the trapezoidal sections on the inner walls of the holes of the left piston and the right piston, and the rubber rings are used for returning the brake when braking is finished;
the left and right brake actuators each include: the device comprises a driver shell, a giant magnetostrictive rod, an excitation coil, a demagnetizing coil, a magnetic isolation liner and a magnetic isolation top cover;
the input end of the giant magnetostrictive rod is fixed at the bottom end inside the driver shell;
the excitation coil and the demagnetizing coil are wound on the giant magnetostrictive rod;
the magnetic isolation gasket is tightly attached to the inner side of the driver shell; the magnetic isolation top cover is rotatably arranged at the top ends of the left brake driver and the right brake driver and isolates the influence of a magnetic field on the outside together with the magnetic isolation liner;
the force and displacement transmission module is used for transmitting force and displacement output by the left brake driver and the right brake driver, and comprises: the giant magnetostrictive rod, the transmission rod, the piston push rod and the support pin;
the supporting pins are fixed on two sides of the brake caliper body;
the middle part of the transmission rod is hinged on the supporting pin, the lower end of the transmission rod is hinged with the input end of the piston push rod, and the upper end of the transmission rod is hinged with the output end of the giant magnetostrictive rod;
the output end of the piston push rod is fixedly connected with the piston.
2. The disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the left and right sides of the caliper body are respectively provided with a sliding groove for mounting the left and right brake actuators.
3. The magnetostrictive material-based disc brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the left and right brake actuators are fixed to the caliper body by means of fixing screws.
4. The magnetostrictive material-based disc brake according to claim 3, characterized in that the brake further comprises: and the adjusting shim is matched with the fixing screw for use and is used for adjusting the positions of the left brake driver and the right brake driver.
5. The disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the conducting wires used for the exciting coils in the two brake actuators is one, the arrangement of the conducting wires in the exciting coils is identical, and the direction of the currents of the two exciting coils relative to the brake actuators is identical after the currents are supplied.
6. The disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the wires used for the degaussing coils in the two brake actuators is one, the arrangement of the wires in the degaussing coils is identical, and the direction of the current of the degaussing coils relative to the brake actuators is identical after the current is applied.
7. A method for controlling a disc brake based on magnetostrictive material, based on a brake as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) when a brake pedal is stepped down for braking, vehicle state information and pedal information are collected and transmitted to an electronic control unit;
(2) the electronic control unit receives the vehicle state information and the pedal information, obtains the required target braking force after processing, calculates the current required by the magnet exciting coil according to the required target braking force, adjusts the current to the required current value and inputs the current value into the magnet exciting coil;
(3) the electronic control unit adjusts the current in the excitation coil according to the working state of the brake pedal to change the magnetic field intensity in the excitation coil, so that the giant magnetostrictive rods in the two brake drivers are deformed and output the required braking force;
(4) when braking is finished, the electronic control unit controls the exciting coil to be powered off, the demagnetizing coils in the two brake drivers are connected with current in the direction opposite to the current connected before the exciting coil, the magnetic field is eliminated, the giant magnetostrictive rod restores to the original length, and braking is finished.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step (2) of calculating the current magnitude of the exciting coil is performed by calculating the current magnitude required by the exciting coil in a single brake actuator according to only half of the required target braking force, that is, the current magnitude required to be input.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the force and displacement output by the two brake actuators during braking in step (3) are exactly the same as half the required braking force and displacement, respectively.
10. The method for controlling a disc brake based on magnetostrictive materials according to claim 7, characterized in that the formula for calculating the braking force required to be output by the magnetostrictive rod in a single brake actuator in step (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002243817040000021
the formula for calculating the deformation of the giant magnetostrictive rod required by outputting the required braking force is as follows:
Figure FDA0002243817040000022
the formula for calculating the magnitude of the current input into the required coil is:
Figure FDA0002243817040000023
in the formula, FcThe output force of the giant magnetostrictive rod is required for a single braking actuator; fzThe required braking force is obtained; epsilon is the deformation of the needed single brake driver giant magnetostrictive rod; e is the elastic modulus of the giant magnetostrictive rod; r is the radius of the giant magnetostrictive rod; pi is a circumferential rate constant; i is the current in the required coil; l is the length of the coil part wound by the giant magnetostrictive rod; a is a characteristic constant; mu.s0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity; and N is the number of coil turns.
CN201911009661.XA 2019-10-23 2019-10-23 Disc brake based on magnetostrictive material and control method thereof Pending CN110725879A (en)

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