CN110719078A - Millimeter wave power amplifier for automobile radar transceiver - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave power amplifier for an automobile radar transceiver, which comprises an input predistortion linearized differential amplification network, a first final stage high-power amplification network, a second final stage high-power amplification network and an output differential to single-ended matching network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of field effect transistor radio frequency power amplifiers and integrated circuits, in particular to a high-power high-efficiency high-linearity power amplifier applied to a transceiver transmitting module of an automobile radar system.
Background
With the rapid development of automobile radar systems and radio frequency microwave circuits, automobile radar radio frequency front-end transceivers are also developing in the directions of high performance, high integration and low power consumption. Therefore, the power amplifier of the automobile radar transmitter is urgently required to have the performances of high output power, high linearity, high gain, high efficiency, low cost and the like. However, when the integrated circuit process design is adopted to realize the chip circuit of the power amplifier of the automobile radar system, the performance of the chip circuit is limited to a certain extent and mainly embodies that:
(1) high power, high efficiency capability is limited: the traditional power amplifier adopts a multi-path parallel synthesis structure or a distributed structure, the synthesis efficiency of the two structures is limited, a part of power is lost in a synthesis network, and the high-power and high-efficiency capability is limited.
(2) Linearity index, high efficiency capability are limited: the traditional power amplifier is influenced by parasitic nonlinear capacitance of a transistor, and particularly when the traditional power amplifier is close to saturation operation, the linearity index is low, so that power back-off is often needed, and high power output capability and high efficiency index are sacrificed to improve the linearity index.
The typical method of the high-power high-efficiency high-linearity amplifier is to adopt a structure combining digital predistortion with a Doherty power amplifier, but the method has certain limitation, and the structure combining the traditional digital predistortion with the Doherty power amplifier is often limited by transistor parasitic parameters, the bandwidth of a digital predistortion system and the like when the automobile radar system applies a frequency band, so that the improvement on the linearity and the efficiency is limited, and meanwhile, the circuit structure is complex and not beneficial to low-cost indexes. Meanwhile, when the frequency band amplifier applied to the automobile radar system is realized based on the traditional single transistor structure or Cascode transistor, the gain is often lower, and if the traditional analog predistortion method is adopted, certain gain needs to be sacrificed to improve the linearity, so that the gain index of the solution is further deteriorated.
Therefore, the design difficulty of the high-power high-efficiency high-linearity amplifier for realizing the application of the automobile radar system based on the integrated circuit process is as follows: high power and high efficiency output difficulty is large; the linearity index and the high efficiency capability are limited, and a plurality of limitations exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a millimeter wave power amplifier for an automobile radar transceiver, which combines the advantages of a transistor stacking technology, a differential amplifier technology and an analog predistortion linearization technology, and has the advantages of high power, high efficiency, high linearity, low cost and the like in the automobile radar application frequency band.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a millimeter wave power amplifier for an automobile radar transceiver comprises an input predistortion linearized differential amplification network, a first final stage high-power amplification network, a second final stage high-power amplification network and an output differential-to-single-ended matching network;
the input end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network is the input end of the whole power amplifier, the first output end and the second output end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network are respectively connected with the input ends of the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification network, and the phase difference of signals of the first output end and the second output end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network is 180 degrees;
the output ends of the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification network are respectively connected with a first input end and a second input end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network, the output end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network is the output end of the whole power amplifier, and the phase difference between signals of the first input end and the second input end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network is 180 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the input predistortion linear differential amplification network adopted by the invention can realize the drive amplifier and power distribution of the input radio frequency signal, can also carry out impedance matching and phase adjustment on the radio frequency input signal, and simultaneously realizes the conversion from a single-ended signal to a differential signal, thereby ensuring the phase difference of the differential signal. The most important point is that an analog predistortion linearization technology is adopted, when the power amplifier works in a large signal, the input predistortion linear differential amplification network realizes the power expansion characteristic, so that the power compression characteristics of the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification network are offset, and the linearity index of the whole amplifier is obviously improved.
Furthermore, the input end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network is connected with a capacitor C1Capacitor C1Another end of the inductor L is connected with the inductor L1Inductance L1To another one ofEnd-to-ground capacitor C2Inductor L3And an inductance L2Inductance L2The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C3And a gate supply port Vg1Inductance L3Another end of the field effect transistor MdGrid electrode of (1), field effect transistor MdSource electrode of (1) grounded, field effect transistor MdDrain electrode of the capacitor is connected with an inductor L4Inductance L4Another terminal of the capacitor C4And an inductance L5Inductance L5The other end of the coupling transformer T is connected with1Non-dotted terminal of primary coil, coupling transformer T1Homonymous terminating inductance L of primary coil6Inductance L6The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C5And a drain supply port Vd1. Transformer T1The homonymous terminal and the non-homonymous terminal of the secondary coil are connected with the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network, T1The middle tap end of the secondary coil is connected with a grid power supply port Vg2And a ground capacitor C8Capacitor C4One end connected field effect transistor MeDrain electrode of (2) and resistor R1Resistance R1Another end of the field effect transistor MeSource and resistor R of2Resistance R2Is connected with the source power supply port Vs1(ii) a Field effect transistor MeSource electrode of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor C6Field effect transistor MeThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor C7And a resistance R3Resistance R3The other end is connected with a power supply port Vs2。
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: v through the supply ports1And port Vs2For the transistor MeThe adjusting function of the amplifier can realize the strength control of the circuit predistortion signal, thereby having the adjustability during the linearity optimization, simultaneously, the driving amplifier structure provides good linear gain, and the loss of the predistortion circuit structure to the amplifier gain is compensated.
Furthermore, the input ends of the first final-stage high-power amplifying network and the second final-stage high-power amplifying network are connected with the inductor LgjEnd b of (1), inductor LgjA terminal of (a) is connected with a grounding capacitor CpjInductor LpjAnd an inductance LqjInductance LqjAnother end of the field effect transistor MqjOf the grid electrode, MqjSource of (3) is grounded, MqjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLqjMicrostrip line TLqjAnother end of the field effect transistor MtjSource electrode of, MtjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CtjAnd a resistance RtjResistance RtjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RqjTerminal a and resistor RrjEnd b of (1), resistor RqjThe b terminal of the transistor is grounded, and the field effect transistor MtjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLtjMicrostrip line TLtjAnother end of the field effect transistor MnjSource electrode of (1), field effect transistor MnjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CnjAnd a resistance RnjResistance RnjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RrjTerminal a and resistor RujEnd b of (1), field effect transistor MnjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLnjMicrostrip line TLnjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RujTerminal a and inductor Lu1The b terminal of (1); inductor LpjAnother end of the field effect transistor MpjOf the grid electrode, MpjSource of (3) is grounded, MpjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLpjMicrostrip line TLpjThe other end is connected with a field effect tube MsjSource electrode of (1), field effect transistor MsjGrid electrode connecting resistor RsjAnd a ground capacitor CsjResistance RsjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RqjTerminal a and resistor RrjEnd b of (1), field effect transistor MsjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLsj,TLsjIs connected with the other end of the effect tube MmjSource electrode of, MmjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CmjAnd a resistance RmjResistance RmjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RrjTerminal a and resistor RujB terminal of (1), MmjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLmjMicrostrip line TLmjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RujTerminal a and inductor LujThe b terminal of (1); inductor Lu1A terminal of (a) is connected with a grounding capacitor CujAnd an inductance LvjInductance LvjThe other end of the first and second high-power amplifier networks is outputAnd (d) wherein j is 1 and 2.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the core circuit adopted in the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification network is a differential amplification circuit based on a pair of self-biased three-transistor stacked double-path synthesis structure, the structure can remarkably improve the power capacity and the power gain of the power amplifier, and simultaneously improves the sensitivity of the traditional stacked structure to parasitic parameters in a millimeter wave frequency band.
Furthermore, the first and second input ends of the output differential to single matching network are connected with a transformer T2At the homonymous and non-homonymous ends of the secondary winding of the transformer T2The middle tap end of the transformer is connected with an inductor L7Inductance L7The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C9And a drain supply port Vd2. Transformer T2The same name end of the primary coil is connected with a capacitor C10Capacitor C10The other end of the differential transformer is an output end of an output differential to single matching network, and a transformer T2The non-dotted terminal of the primary coil of (a) is grounded.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the output differential-to-single matching network adopted by the invention not only can realize power synthesis of differential radio frequency signals, but also can convert the differential signals into single-ended signals, has small insertion loss and simultaneously ensures the output power and the efficiency of the amplifier.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a power amplifier of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, not to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a millimeter wave power amplifier for an automobile radar transceiver, which comprises an input predistortion linearized differential amplification network, a first final-stage high-power amplification network, a second final-stage high-power amplification network and an output differential-to-single-ended matching network.
As shown in fig. 1, the input end of the input predistortion linear differential amplifier network is the input end of the whole power amplifier, the first output end and the second output end of the input predistortion linear differential amplifier network are respectively connected with the input ends of the first final stage high-power amplifier network and the second final stage high-power amplifier network, and the phase difference of signals of the first output end and the second output end of the input predistortion linear differential amplifier network is 180 degrees;
the output ends of the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification network are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network, the output end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network is the output end of the whole power amplifier, and the phase difference between signals of the first input end and the second input end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network is 180 degrees.
As shown in FIG. 2, the input end of the input predistortion linear differential amplifying network is connected with a capacitor C1Capacitor C1Another end of the inductor L is connected with the inductor L1Inductance L1The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C2Inductor L3And an inductance L2Inductance L2The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C3And a gate supply port Vg1Inductance L3Another end of the field effect transistor MdGrid electrode of (1), field effect transistor MdSource electrode of (1) grounded, field effect transistor MdDrain electrode of the capacitor is connected with an inductor L4Inductance L4Another terminal of the capacitor C4And an inductance L5Inductance L5The other end of the coupling transformer T is connected with1Non-dotted terminal of primary coil, coupling transformer T1Homonymous terminating inductance L of primary coil6Inductance L6The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C5And a drain supply port Vd1. Transformer T1The homonymous terminal and the non-homonymous terminal of the secondary coil are connected with the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network, T1The middle tap end of the secondary coil is connected with a grid power supply port Vg2And a ground capacitor C8Capacitor C4One end connected field effect transistor MeDrain electrode of (2) and resistor R1Resistance R1Another end of the field effect transistor MeSource and resistor R of2Resistance R2Is connected with the source power supply port Vs1(ii) a Field effect transistor MeSource electrode of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor C6Field effect transistor MeThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor C7And a resistance R3Resistance R3The other end is connected with a power supply port Vs2。
The input end of the first final-stage high-power amplifying network and the second final-stage high-power amplifying network is connected with an inductor LgjEnd b of (1), inductor LgjA terminal of (a) is connected with a grounding capacitor CpjInductor LpjAnd an inductance LqjInductance LqjAnother end of the field effect transistor MqjOf the grid electrode, MqjSource of (3) is grounded, MqjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLqjMicrostrip line TLqjAnother end of the field effect transistor MtjSource electrode of, MtjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CtjAnd a resistance RtjResistance RtjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RqjTerminal a and resistor RrjEnd b of (1), resistor RqjThe b terminal of the transistor is grounded, and the field effect transistor MtjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLtjMicrostrip line TLtjAnother end of the field effect transistor MnjSource electrode of (1), field effect transistor MnjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CnjAnd a resistance RnjResistance RnjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RrjTerminal a and resistor RujEnd b of (1), field effect transistor MnjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLnjMicrostrip line TLnjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RujTerminal a and inductor Lu1The b terminal of (1); inductor LpjAnother end of the field effect transistor MpjOf the grid electrode, MpjSource of (3) is grounded, MpjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLpjMicrostrip line TLpjThe other end is connected with a field effect tube MsjSource electrode of (1), field effect transistor MsjGrid electrode connecting resistor RsjAnd a ground capacitor CsjResistance RsjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RqjTerminal a and resistor RrjEnd b of (1), field effect transistor MsjOf the drain electrodeConnecting microstrip line TLsj,TLsjIs connected with the other end of the effect tube MmjSource electrode of, MmjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CmjAnd a resistance RmjResistance RmjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RrjTerminal a and resistor RujB terminal of (1), MmjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLmjMicrostrip line TLmjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RujTerminal a and inductor LujThe b terminal of (1); inductor Lu1A terminal of (a) is connected with a grounding capacitor CujAnd an inductance LvjInductance LvjThe other end of the first end-stage high-power amplifier is the output end of the first end-stage high-power amplifier network and the second end-stage high-power amplifier network. Wherein j is 1 or 2.
The first and second inputs of the output differential to single matching network are connected with the transformer T2At the homonymous and non-homonymous ends of the secondary winding of the transformer T2The middle tap end of the transformer is connected with an inductor L7Inductance L7The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C9And a drain supply port Vd2. Transformer T2The same name end of the primary coil is connected with a capacitor C10Capacitor C10The other end of the differential transformer is an output end of an output differential to single matching network, and a transformer T2The non-dotted terminal of the primary coil of (a) is grounded.
The specific working principle and process of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 2:
radio frequency input signal through input terminal RFinEntering a predistortion linearized differential amplification network, firstly carrying out input impedance transformation matching and drive signal amplification, then entering a predistortion control network, and when an input signal is in a small signal state, M in the predistortion networkeThe transistor is not turned on; m in predistortion network when input signal is large signal stateeThe transistor is turned on to improve the large signal power compression characteristic, and then T is passed1Then the differential signals are converted into differential signals and simultaneously enter the input ends of a first final-stage high-power amplification network and a second final-stage high-power amplification network, and after power amplification is carried out through the amplification networks, the differential signals are simultaneously output from the output ends of the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification networkAnd after the output signal passes through the output differential-to-single-ended matching network, the two paths of signals are combined into a single path of single-ended signal from the output end RFoutAnd (6) outputting.
Based on the circuit analysis, the difference between the millimeter wave power amplifier for the automobile radar transceiver and the traditional amplifier structure based on the integrated circuit process is that the core architecture adopts a differential two-way current synthesis type self-biased three-stack amplifier, and simultaneously an analog predistortion linearized drive amplifier is combined:
the two current synthesizing type self-biased three-stacked amplifier in the differential form is different from the traditional single transistor in structure, and the details are not repeated;
the differential two-path current synthesis type self-biased three-stacked amplifier adopts a simulation predistortion linearization driving structure, so that the problem that the working linearity of the traditional three-stacked amplifier is deteriorated along with the increase of the stacking times of transistors is solved, meanwhile, the differential stacked amplifier is adopted, the deterioration effect of high-frequency parasitic parameters on the millimeter wave stacked amplifier is inhibited, and the power capability and the efficiency index of the application of the frequency band of an automobile radar are improved.
In the whole high-power high-efficiency high-linearity power amplifier for the automobile radar, the size of a transistor and the sizes of other resistors and capacitors are determined after the gain, linearity, output power and other indexes of the whole circuit are comprehensively considered, and through layout design and reasonable layout in the later period, the required indexes can be better realized, and the high-power output capacity, high-power gain and good input-output matching characteristic are realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A millimeter wave power amplifier for an automobile radar transceiver is characterized by comprising an input predistortion linearized differential amplification network, a first final-stage high-power amplification network, a second final-stage high-power amplification network and an output differential-to-single-ended matching network;
the input end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network is the input end of the whole power amplifier, a first output end and a second output end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network are respectively connected with the input end of the first final stage high-power amplification network and the input end of the second final stage high-power amplification network, and the phase difference of signals of the first output end and the second output end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network is 180 degrees;
the output ends of the first final-stage high-power amplification network and the second final-stage high-power amplification network are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network, the output end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network is the output end of the whole power amplifier, and the phase difference between the signals of the first input end and the second input end of the output differential-to-single-ended matching network is 180 degrees.
2. The millimeter wave power amplifier for automotive radar transceivers as defined in claim 1, wherein the input end of the input predistortion linear differential amplification network is connected with a capacitor C1Capacitor C1Another end of the inductor L is connected with the inductor L1Inductance L1The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C2Inductor L3And an inductance L2Inductance L2The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C3And a gate supply port Vg1Inductance L3Another end of the field effect transistor MdGrid electrode of (1), field effect transistor MdSource electrode of (1) grounded, field effect transistor MdDrain electrode of the capacitor is connected with an inductor L4Inductance L4Another terminal of the capacitor C4And an inductance L5Inductance L5The other end of the coupling transformer T is connected with1Non-dotted terminal of primary coil, coupling transformer T1Homonymous terminating inductance L of primary coil6Inductance L6The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C5And a drain supply port Vd1(ii) a Transformer T1The homonymous terminal and the non-homonymous terminal of the secondary coil are respectively connected with the input predistortionFirst and second output terminals of the linear differential amplifier network, and a coupling transformer T1The middle tap end of the secondary coil is connected with a grid power supply port Vg2And a ground capacitor C8Capacitor C4One end connected field effect transistor MeDrain electrode of (2) and resistor R1Resistance R1The other end is connected with a field effect tube MeSource and resistor R2Resistance R2Is connected with the source power supply port Vs1(ii) a Field effect transistor MeSource electrode of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor C6Field effect transistor MeThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor C7And a resistance R3Resistance R3The other end is connected with a power supply port Vs2。
3. A millimeter wave power amplifier for automotive radar transceivers according to claim 1, characterized in that the input terminals of said first and second final high power amplifier networks are each connected to an inductor LgjEnd b of (1), inductor LgjA terminal of (a) is connected with a grounding capacitor CpjInductor LpjAnd an inductance LqjInductance LqjAnother end of the field effect transistor MqjOf the grid electrode, MqjSource of (3) is grounded, MqjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLqjMicrostrip line TLqjAnother end of the field effect transistor MtjSource electrode of, MtjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CtjAnd a resistance RtjResistance RtjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RqjTerminal a and resistor RrjEnd b of (1), resistor RqjThe b terminal of the transistor is grounded, and the field effect transistor MtjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLtjMicrostrip line TLtjAnother end of the field effect transistor MnjSource electrode of (1), field effect transistor MnjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CnjAnd a resistance RnjResistance RnjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RrjTerminal a and resistor RujEnd b of (1), field effect transistor MnjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLnjMicrostrip line TLnjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RujTerminal a and inductor Lu1The b terminal of (1); inductor LpjAnother end of the field effect transistor MpjOf the grid electrode, MpjSource of (3) is grounded, MpjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLpjMicrostrip line TLpjThe other end is connected with a field effect tube MsjSource electrode of (1), field effect transistor MsjGrid electrode connecting resistor RsjAnd a ground capacitor CsjResistance RsjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RqjTerminal a and resistor RrjEnd b of (1), field effect transistor MsjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLsj,TLsjIs connected with the other end of the effect tube MmjSource electrode of, MmjThe grid of the capacitor is connected with a grounding capacitor CmjAnd a resistance RmjResistance RmjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RrjTerminal a and resistor RujB terminal of (1), MmjDrain electrode of the transistor is connected with the microstrip line TLmjMicrostrip line TLmjAnother end of (2) is connected with a resistor RujTerminal a and inductor LujThe b terminal of (1); inductor Lu1A terminal of (a) is connected with a grounding capacitor CujAnd an inductance LvjInductance LvjThe other end of the first end-stage high-power amplifier is the output end of the first end-stage high-power amplifier network and the second end-stage high-power amplifier network; wherein j is 1 and 2.
4. The millimeter wave power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first and second input terminals of the output differential-to-single matching network are connected to the transformer T respectively2At the homonymous and non-homonymous ends of the secondary winding of the transformer T2The middle tap end of the transformer is connected with an inductor L7Inductance L7The other end of the capacitor C is connected with a grounding capacitor C9And a drain supply port Vd2(ii) a Transformer T2The same name end of the primary coil is connected with a capacitor C10Capacitor C10The other end of the differential transformer is an output end of an output differential to single matching network, and a transformer T2The non-dotted terminal of the primary coil of (a) is grounded.
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CN112910417A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 青海民族大学 | Broadband high-efficiency microwave power amplifier |
CN113556092A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-10-26 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Radio frequency power amplifier based on transformer matching network |
CN114362685A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-15 | 成都嘉纳海威科技有限责任公司 | Power amplifier based on high Q value differential coupling technology |
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