CN110692812A - Raw material of solid feed for hermetia illucens - Google Patents
Raw material of solid feed for hermetia illucens Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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Abstract
The invention relates to a black soldier fly solid feed raw material, which is prepared by the following steps: (1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and beating into pasty slurry; (2) and uniformly mixing the pulp and a carrier according to a proportion to ensure that the water content is 45-70%, if the water content is lower than 45%, adding clear water for adjustment, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the black soldier fly solid feed raw material, wherein the carrier is a raw material capable of enabling the black soldier fly larvae to grow and propagate self-grown thalli. The method has the advantages of simple operation, no loss of nutrient components, low energy consumption and long-term preservation of the hermetia illucens slurry. The pH of the hermetia illucens pulp preserved by adopting the sealed fermentation preservation method is reduced and is acidic compared with that before fermentation. In the preservation process, the content of protein in the hermetia illucens pulp is stable, the content of crude protein is basically unchanged compared with that before fermentation, the content of crude fat is slightly reduced, and the fat is probably utilized by strains in the fermentation process. The fermentation preservation method achieves the purpose of fermentation preservation of the hermetia illucens, provides a method for preservation of hermetia illucens pulp, and has high application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed, and belongs to the field of livestock and poultry feeds.
Background
The black soldier fly is a diptera, soldier fly insects which are now worldwide distributed, and black soldier fly larvae feed on rotten organic matters and animal wastes in the nature, so that odor generation can be inhibited, the number of harmful bacteria can be reduced, the breeding of houseflies can be controlled, and the resource recycling of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure is realized. The hermetia illucens larvae contain a large amount of protein and fat, can be applied to producing animal feed with higher economic value, and is a resource insect with great application prospect. It has been reported to be used in chicken, pig and aquatic products instead of fish meal and soybean meal.
The fresh hermetia illucens cannot be stored for a long time, and the hermetia illucens which are not dried fully easily deteriorate and smell. When the feed additive is used for feed addition, the feed additive is generally dried at the low temperature of not higher than 65 ℃ until the water content is below 10 percent, and then crushed and preserved. The method has the problems of high equipment cost, complex operation, long working hours, possible nutrient loss in the drying process, high energy consumption and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a preservation method with low cost, simple process, convenient operation and no loss of nutrient components. In the prior art, a method of adding strains and performing solid fermentation is adopted, for example, in patent application publication No. CN 110050877A, lactobacillus plantarum, clostridium butyricum and saccharomycetes are adopted to be mixed and fermented with hermetia illucens larva slurry, the hermetia illucens semi-solid concentrated feed is high in nutritive value, can promote the absorption rate of animal intestinal tracts, is low in cost and can be stored for a long time, and in application publication No. CN 110150458A, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria are adopted to be mixed and fermented with the hermetia illucens larva slurry, so that the problem that the hermetia illucens larva fresh insects cannot be stored for a long time can be effectively solved. However, the strain is required to be added for fermentation, the cost is high, and the addition of the strain for fermentation can consume the components of the black soldier fly larvae, such as protein and the like, and reduce the effective components of the black soldier fly larvae.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solid feed raw material for hermetia illucens, which solves the problems that fresh hermetia illucens larvae cannot be stored for a long time, the hermetia illucens which are not dried sufficiently easily deteriorate and smell easily and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and beating into pasty slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry and the carrier uniformly according to a proportion to ensure that the water content is 45-70%, adding clear water for adjustment if the water content is lower than 45%, performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed,
the carrier is a feed raw material which can lead the autogenous thalli of the hermetia illucens larvae to grow and reproduce.
Preferably: further comprising: (3) and drying the fermented product at low temperature to obtain the raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed. The product of the invention is a solid wet product, can be dried at low temperature for long-term storage and convenient utilization, and the temperature is generally not higher than 60 ℃.
Preferably: step (1) still including the clear water washing, the clear water wash for washing black soldier fly larva 2 to 4 times with the clear water, put the black soldier fly larva after will wasing on the filter screen accuse water, beat the black soldier fly larva into paste form when no water is downflow.
The product mainly contains a large amount of protein, is mainly used as a feed raw material for livestock and poultry, can select different carriers according to requirements, such as herbivores such as cattle, horse, sheep and the like, adopts materials, corn and the like as raw materials, and is mixed and fermented, wherein the carrier is one or a mixture of bean pulp, bran, corn, rice bran and rice chaff.
Preferably: the carrier is soybean meal and bran, and the weight ratio of the soybean meal to the bran is 60-100% to 0-40%.
The proportion of the insect pulp and the carrier is proportioned according to the requirements of raw materials and products, and preferably: the insect pulp and the carrier are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 1-1.5: 1.
Preferably: the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 30-37 ℃. The fermentation temperature can be set according to needs, the temperature is low, the fermentation time is a little longer, the fermentation time is a little shorter when the temperature is high, and generally, more than seven days are needed.
Preferably: the anaerobic fermentation is carried out in an anaerobic fermentation bag.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of simple operation, no loss of nutrient components, low energy consumption and long-term preservation of the hermetia illucens slurry. The pH of the hermetia illucens pulp preserved by adopting the sealed fermentation preservation method is reduced and is acidic compared with that before fermentation. In the preservation process, the content of protein in the hermetia illucens pulp is stable, the content of crude protein is basically unchanged compared with that before fermentation, the content of crude fat is slightly reduced, and the fat is probably utilized by strains in the fermentation process. The fermentation preservation method achieves the purpose of fermentation preservation of the hermetia illucens, provides a method for preservation of hermetia illucens pulp, and has high application value.
The beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts of the hermetia illucens larvae are utilized, and no exogenous bacteria are added. The black soldier fly intestinal tract can secrete various proteolytic enzymes and antibacterial substances with broad spectrum, so that microorganisms in the intestinal microorganisms are subjected to strong selective pressure, a large number of microorganisms are killed or digested, particularly virus microorganisms, and the main bacteria in the black soldier fly intestinal tract are: the beneficial bacteria of the intestinal tract self-generation of the hermetia illucens does not need to be added, the cost is improved, the decomposition and utilization rate of the beneficial components of the hermetia illucens pulp is low, the effective components of the hermetia illucens pulp can be effectively protected from being decomposed, and the utilization rate of the hermetia illucens larvae is reduced.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
A raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and cleaning the black soldier fly larvae with clear water, wherein the clear water cleaning is to clean the black soldier fly larvae with clear water for 2 to 4 times, putting the cleaned black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen for controlling water, and beating the black soldier fly larvae into paste when no water flows downwards;
(2) uniformly mixing the pulp and a carrier according to a weight ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content to 50%, putting the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation bag, carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 30 ℃ for 10 days to obtain the solid feed raw material for the hermetia illucens, wherein the carrier comprises bean pulp and bran, and the weight ratio of the bean pulp to the bran is 2: 1.
Taking the fermented hermetia illucens slurry out of the fermentation room, continuously sealing and storing at normal temperature for 60 days, regularly sampling and detecting nutritional indexes of protein, fat and pH value of the slurry within the 60 days, wherein the detection results are shown in the table I:
TABLE 1 Black soldier fly fermented pulp after 10 days fermentation, the change of nutritional index within 60 days
| pH | Moisture content | Crude protein | Crude fat | |
| Before fermentation | 7.83 | 51.72％ | 20.26％ | 3.91％ |
| Fermenting for 10 days | 4.32 | 51.46％ | 20.11％ | 3.46％ |
| 20 days | 4.46 | 51.37％ | 20.13％ | 3.44％ |
| 40 days | 4.42 | 51.33％ | 20.12％ | 3.45％ |
| 60 days | 4.53 | 51.34％ | 20.12％ | 3.44％ |
As can be seen from table 1, the pH of the hermetia illucens slurry preserved by the sealed fermentation preservation method is lower and acidic than that before the fermentation. In the preservation process, the content of protein in the hermetia illucens pulp is stable, the content of crude protein is basically unchanged compared with that before fermentation, the content of crude fat is slightly reduced, and the fat is probably utilized by strains in the fermentation process. The fermentation preservation method achieves the purpose of fermentation preservation of the hermetia illucens, provides a method for preservation of hermetia illucens pulp, and has high application value.
Example 2
A raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and cleaning the black soldier fly larvae with clear water, wherein the clear water cleaning is to clean the black soldier fly larvae with clear water for 2 to 4 times, putting the cleaned black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen for controlling water, and beating the black soldier fly larvae into paste when no water flows downwards;
(2) uniformly mixing the pulp and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1.5:1, adjusting the water content to 55%, putting the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation bag, carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 35 ℃ for 8 days to obtain the solid feed raw material for the hermetia illucens, wherein the carrier comprises bean pulp and bran, and the weight ratio of the bean pulp to the bran is 5: 1.
The feed for the hermetia illucens solid feed prepared by the raw materials and the method is fed with pH of 7.87 before fermentation, the moisture content is 54.56%, the protein content is 20.28%, and the fat content is 4.36%. After the fermentation was completed, the pH of the slurry feed was 4.28, the water content was 54.41%, the protein content was 20.13%, and the fat content was 3.87%.
Example 3
A raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and cleaning the black soldier fly larvae with clear water, wherein the clear water cleaning is to clean the black soldier fly larvae with clear water for 2 to 4 times, putting the cleaned black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen for controlling water, and beating the black soldier fly larvae into paste when no water flows downwards;
(2) uniformly mixing the pulp and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content to 45%, filling the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation bag, carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 37 ℃, and carrying out 7 days to obtain the raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed, wherein the carrier is soybean meal.
The raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed prepared by the raw materials and the method is fed with the pH of 7.81 before fermentation, the water content is 45.76%, the protein content is 26.86%, and the fat content is 4.46%. After the fermentation was completed, the pH of the slurry feed was 4.38, the water content was 45.61%, the protein content was 26.63%, and the fat content was 3.94%.
Example 4
A raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, cleaning the black soldier fly larvae with clear water, and cleaning the black soldier fly larvae with the clear water
The method comprises the following steps of washing black soldier fly larvae for 2-4 times by using clear water, putting the washed black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen for controlling water, and beating the black soldier fly larvae into paste when water flows downwards;
(2) uniformly mixing the insect pulp and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1.3:1, adjusting the water content to 60%, putting the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 33 ℃ for 9 days, wherein the carrier comprises bean pulp and bran, and the weight ratio of the bean pulp to the bran is 3: 2.
The raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed prepared by the raw materials and the method is fed with the pH of 7.85 before fermentation, the moisture content is 58.7%, the protein content is 15.87%, and the fat content is 3.39%. After the fermentation was completed, the pH of the slurry feed was 4.33, the water content was 58.56%, the protein content was 15.72%, and the fat content was 2.94%.
(3) And drying the fermented product at low temperature to obtain the raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed. The adoption of low-temperature drying is more beneficial to the transportation, storage and transportation of the hermetia illucens slurry feed.
Comparative example 1
A raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and cleaning the black soldier fly larvae with clear water, wherein the clear water cleaning is to clean the black soldier fly larvae with clear water for 2 to 4 times, putting the cleaned black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen for controlling water, and beating the black soldier fly larvae into paste when no water flows downwards;
(2) weighing 3 parts of enterococcus faecalis powder, 3 parts of bacillus subtilis powder and 3 parts of saccharomycete powder, adding the mixture into 600 parts of brown sugar water containing 6%, uniformly stirring, activating for 4 hours at 35 ℃ to ensure that the bacterium content reaches 1 multiplied by 109Preparing activated bacteria liquid per ml;
(3) firstly, mixing the insect pulp and the activated bacterium liquid according to the ratio of 10: 1, then uniformly mixing the pulp and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content to 50%, putting the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation bag, performing anaerobic fermentation at 30 ℃ for 10 days, and obtaining the solid feed raw material for the hermetia illucens, wherein the carrier is bean pulp and bran, and the weight ratio of the bean pulp to the bran is 2: 1.
Taking the fermented hermetia illucens slurry out of the fermentation room, continuously sealing and storing at normal temperature for 60 days, regularly sampling and detecting nutritional indexes of protein, fat and pH value of the slurry within the 60 days, wherein the detection results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 variation of nutritional index within 60 days after 10 days of fermentation of hermetia illucens fermented slurry
| pH | Moisture content | Crude protein | Crude fat | |
| Before fermentation | 7.84 | 51.65％ | 20.32％ | 3.93％ |
| Fermenting for 10 days | 4.21 | 50.81％ | 19.96％ | 3.71％ |
| 20 days | 4.35 | 50.76％ | 19.83％ | 3.65％ |
| 40 days | 4.32 | 50.43％ | 19.84％ | 3.58％ |
| 60 days | 4.39 | 50.33％ | 19.82％ | 3.59％ |
As can be seen from table 2, the pH of the hermetia illucens slurry is lower and acidic than that before fermentation, and is almost the same as that of the hermetia illucens slurry which is not fermented. In the preservation process, the content of the protein in the hermetia illucens pulp is stable, the content of crude protein is reduced by about 1.8% compared with that before fermentation, the content of crude fat is reduced by about 5.6%, the protein and the fat are utilized by strains in the fermentation process, and compared with fermentation without adding the strains, the loss of beneficial components of the hermetia illucens larvae is increased, and the preservation of the hermetia illucens larvae is not facilitated.
Example 5
A raw material of a black soldier fly solid feed is prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and beating the black soldier fly larvae into paste;
(2) uniformly mixing the pulp and a carrier according to a weight ratio of 1.5:1, adjusting the water content to 55%, putting the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation bag, carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain the solid feed raw material for the hermetia illucens, wherein the carrier comprises bean pulp and rice bran, and the weight ratio of the bean pulp to the bran is 1: 1.
The feed for the hermetia illucens solid feed prepared by the raw materials and the method is fed with pH of 7.85 before fermentation, the water content is 55.65%, the protein content is 20.32%, and the fat content is 4.32%. After the fermentation was completed, the pH of the slurry feed was 4.32, the water content was 55.41%, the protein content was 20.26%, and the fat content was 3.77%. The rice bran in this embodiment can be replaced by rice bran, forage, or other coarse fodder. The soybean meal can be replaced by corn, bran and the like, and the result is similar to that of the invention, but the method is not exemplified.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities in the black soldier fly larvae, and beating into pasty slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry and the carrier uniformly according to a proportion to ensure that the water content is 45-70%, adding clear water for adjustment if the water content is lower than 45%, performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed,
the carrier is a raw material which can lead the hermetia illucens larvae to grow and reproduce self-growing thalli.
2. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 1, wherein: further comprising:
(3) and drying the fermented product at low temperature to obtain the raw material of the black soldier fly solid feed.
3. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 1, wherein: the carrier is soybean meal, bran, corn, rice bran and rice chaff.
4. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 3, wherein: the carrier is soybean meal and bran, and the weight ratio of the soybean meal to the bran is 60-100% to 0-40%.
5. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 4, wherein: the insect pulp and the carrier are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 1-1.5: 1.
6. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 1, wherein: step (1) still including the clear water washing, the clear water wash for washing black soldier fly larva 2 to 4 times with the clear water, put the black soldier fly larva after will wasing on the filter screen accuse water, beat the black soldier fly larva into paste form when no water is downflow.
7. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 25-37 ℃.
8. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 1, wherein: the anaerobic fermentation is carried out in an anaerobic fermentation bag.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111990529A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-27 | 广东熙福生物科技有限公司 | Microbial fermentation method for preparing insect soluble liquid by utilizing hermetia illucens larvae and application |
| CN112136964A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 湖南启农生物科技有限公司 | High-protein high-fat biological feed raw material |
| CN112725181A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-04-30 | 南京大学（溧水）生态环境研究院 | Process method for separating and purifying lactic acid bacteria from intestinal tracts of hermetia illucens larvae and preparing microbial inoculum |
| CN112741213A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-04 | 广东绿金生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of insect protein source biological feed |
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| CN113412876A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-09-21 | 盐城工学院 | Preparation method and application of biological feed additive based on hermetia illucens |
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| CN117256731A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-12-22 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Black soldier fly larva fermentation liquor, preparation method and application thereof, and shrimp feed |
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| CN112913967A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 广东绿金生物科技有限公司 | Shrimp, crab and fishpond manure water paste, bait for cultivating water spider organisms and preparation method |
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