CN110684342B - A kind of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nylon composite material preparation, in particular to a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14-86.8 parts of nylon, 8-60 parts of glass fiber, 5-20 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, 0.1-5 parts of lubricant and 0.1-1 part of antioxidant; wherein the glass fiber is subjected to discharge treatment by plasma gas: and (2) placing the glass fiber in a plasma reaction device, introducing one or a mixture of several plasma gases, and performing surface functionalization treatment on the glass fiber by using the plasma gases to obtain the glass fiber. The invention utilizes low-temperature plasma technology to treat the surface of the glass fiber, so that the surface of the fiber contains functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amino and the like, the reactivity and compatibility of the fiber and the nylon matrix end group are improved, and the dispersibility of the glass fiber in nylon is promoted.

Description

A kind of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and its preparation method and application

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of nylon composite material preparation, in particular to a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Nylon is one of the most widely used and most kinds of engineering plastics. The material has good mechanical properties, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical solvent resistance, self-lubrication and certain flame retardancy. It has excellent performance and can be integrated into complex structural components, and is widely used in automobiles, electronic appliances, machinery, rail transit, sports equipment and other fields. However, nylon also has shortcomings such as strong water absorption, poor dimensional stability, low heat resistance, and insufficient strength, which limit the application range of nylon materials. Reinforcement of nylon materials with glass fibers can significantly improve nylon's dimensional stability, heat resistance, strength and modulus.

Patent document CN1417257A discloses a blow molding grade glass fiber reinforced nylon, 100-500 parts of alkali-free glass fibers are reinforced to nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 12, and the tensile strength of the material reaches 101.2MPa.

Patent document CN102492293A discloses a low temperature-resistant colored glass fiber reinforced nylon 6 and a preparation method thereof. The glass fiber reinforced nylon 6 is composed of 40-75% nylon 6, 15-35% glass fiber, 5-20% It is composed of toughening agent and other additives. The glass fiber used is alkali-free glass fiber, and the tensile strength of the composite material exceeds 150MPa.

Patent document CN102634206A discloses a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, treated with 0.3-0.8 parts of titanate coupling agent to alkali-free chopped glass fiber, and then in an extruder with 15-26 parts of glass The fiber reinforces the nylon material, and the resulting composite has a tensile strength of 125 MPa.

Patent document CN103044910A discloses an ultra-high content glass fiber reinforced nylon 6 composite material and a preparation method thereof. The nylon material is reinforced with 50-70% chopped glass fibers and 0-5% glass microbeads. Viscosity to increase the wettability of resin and glass fiber to ensure full dispersion and fusion of glass fiber in nylon.

Patent document CN104231611A discloses a glass fiber reinforced nylon material, which is treated with 0.1-2wt% silane coupling agent to flat short fibers, and glass fiber reinforced glass fiber with high glass fiber content (up to 70wt%) is prepared in an extruder Nylon composite material, the prepared material has good coloring, smooth surface, very outstanding thermal deformation resistance, excellent tensile resistance and impact resistance.

Patent document CN104804424A discloses an interfacial compatibilizer for nylon/glass fiber reinforced composite materials. The carboxyl-terminated polycaprolactam oligomer is used as the interfacial compatibilizer to form a sufficient adsorption layer on the surface of the glass fiber, and at the same time, it can Forms an effective compatible interface with nylon and improves the dispersion of glass fibers at high loadings.

Patent document CN105462237A discloses a glass fiber reinforced nylon material and a composition for producing the glass fiber reinforced nylon material, treating 20-30 parts of glass fiber with 10-15 parts of silane coupling agent, and the prepared nylon composite material is stretched. The tensile strength can reach 350MPa.

However, the inventors found through the literature research of some existing glass fiber reinforced nylon composite materials: the compatibility between glass fiber and nylon matrix determines the dispersibility of fiber in nylon, in order to improve the phase between glass fiber and nylon Compatibility, the prior art adopts the method of adding a coupling agent to improve the compatibility between fibers and nylon, and promote the dispersion effect of fibers in nylon. However, it takes a long time for the coupling agent to treat the glass fiber, and heating is often required in the treatment process to have a better coupling effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and its preparation method and application. The invention utilizes low-temperature plasma to modify the surface functionalization of the glass fiber, thereby effectively improving the dispersibility of the glass fiber in the nylon matrix, and effectively improving the mechanical properties of the nylon composite material.

For realizing the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical means adopted in the present invention are:

First of all, the present invention discloses a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and its preparation method and application. In parts by weight, its raw material composition includes: 14-86.8 parts of nylon, 8-60 parts of glass fiber, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin 5-20 parts, lubricant 0.1-5 parts, antioxidant 0.1-1 part; wherein, the glass fiber has undergone the discharge treatment of plasma gas, specifically: the glass fiber is placed in a plasma reaction device, and the A mixture of one or several plasma gases is obtained by using plasma gas to perform surface functionalization treatment on glass fibers to generate hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amino and other groups on the surface.

Secondly, the present invention discloses a preparation method of the above-mentioned glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, which includes the following steps: after uniformly mixing nylon, a toughening agent, a lubricant and an antioxidant, the obtained mixture and glass fiber are placed in extrusion Extrude in the machine, and the extrudate is obtained after pulling, cooling, drying and dicing.

The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material of the present invention is characterized in that: by using low temperature plasma technology, functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups) are generated on the surface of the glass fiber, and these functional groups are connected with the carboxyl and amino groups at the end of the nylon. It has good reactivity. The reaction between these functional groups and nylon can be used in the extrusion process to improve the compatibility of glass fiber and nylon matrix, promote the dispersibility of fiber in the matrix, and improve the mechanical properties of the material. , heat resistance and dimensional stability.

In addition, compared with the method adopted in the patent document CN201711263708.6, the present invention is to generate functional groups hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and amino groups, and then form a nylon segment graft with good compatibility with nylon on the surface of the glass fiber. And above-mentioned patent document, in order to improve the reactivity of carbon microspheres and flame retardant dihydroguanidine phosphate, the carbon microsphere surface is treated with plasma to form hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, so as to help improve the reaction of carbon microspheres and flame retardants. Compared with the patent CN201711263708.6, the present invention has different materials and purposes for plasma treatment. In order to improve the dispersibility of glass fibers in the nylon matrix, the present invention needs to cooperate with different plasma atmospheres to achieve.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention uses low-temperature plasma technology to treat the surface of the glass fiber, so that the surface of the fiber contains functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amino, etc., so as to improve the reactivity and compatibility between the fiber and the end group of the nylon matrix, and promote the Dispersibility of glass fibers in nylon.

(2) Compared with the traditional glass fiber treated with coupling agent, the method proposed by the present invention has the advantages of short treatment time, high functional group content, and good compatibility between the glass fiber and the nylon matrix.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

As mentioned above, in the prior art, the addition of a coupling agent is used to improve the compatibility of fibers with nylon and to promote the dispersion effect of fibers in nylon. However, it takes a long time for the coupling agent to treat the glass fiber, and heating is often required to have a better coupling effect during the treatment. Therefore, the present invention proposes a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and a preparation method thereof.

In a further technical scheme, the plasma reaction device is a low temperature plasma reaction device, and the discharge mode includes any one of glow discharge, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, radio frequency discharge and microwave discharge.

In a further technical solution, the plasma reaction gas is one or a mixture of air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, helium, and ammonia. Preferably, the plasma reaction gas is carbon dioxide or ammonia, and the glass fibers treated with these two gases have a more significant effect of improving the tensile strength and impact strength of the composite material.

In a further technical solution, the conditions for the plasma treatment of glass fibers are: volume pressure 2-5000Pa, discharge power 5-1000W, and discharge time 0.1-60min.

In a further technical scheme, the glass fiber is any one or more of continuous glass fiber, chopped glass fiber, ground glass fiber, alkali-free glass fiber, medium-alkali glass fiber, high-alkali glass fiber, etc. mixture.

In a further technical scheme, the nylon is any one of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 9, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 1010, nylon 1012, nylon 1212, etc. several mixtures.

In a further technical scheme, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin is maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene, Any one or a mixture of several of acid anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber, etc.

In a further technical scheme, the lubricant is polyethylene wax, microcrystalline paraffin, liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, chlorinated paraffin, oxidized polyethylene wax, silicone oil, stearic acid, butyl stearate, stearic acid Calcium, zinc stearate, oleic acid amide, ethylene bis-stearamide, erucic acid amide, glycerol trihydroxystearate or a mixture of several.

In a further technical scheme, the antioxidant is [tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester (preferably antioxidant 1010), 3-(3, 5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy) propylene octadecyl (preferably antioxidant 1076), N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) Propionyl)hexamethylenediamine (preferably antioxidant 1098), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol (preferably antioxidant 264), 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (preferably Antioxidant 246) and (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite triester (preferably antioxidant 168) are any one or a mixture of several.

In a further technical scheme, the mixing time of described nylon, toughening agent, lubricant, antioxidant is not less than 30min.

In a further technical solution, the extrusion process parameters are: between 250-350°C, the main screw speed is 30-600 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30-100 rpm, the side feeding screw speed is 30-100 rpm. 10-200 rpm.

In a further technical solution, the above-mentioned glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and its preparation method are also used in the fields of automobiles, electronics, machinery, rail transit, sports equipment and the like.

The present invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments.

In the following examples, the glass fibers are chopped glass fibers purchased from Taishan Glass Fiber Co., Ltd. The nylon was nylon 66 purchased from China Shenma Group Co., Ltd. The maleic anhydride grafted POE was purchased from Shandong Kehua Saibang New Materials Co., Ltd. Described lubricant is calcium stearate, purchased from Suzhou Kaixiang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. The antioxidant was Antioxidant 1098 (BASF). The model of the low temperature plasma reaction device is OTF-1200X, purchased from Hefei Kejing Material Technology Co., Ltd.

Example 1

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Weigh 30 parts of glass fiber and 2 parts of silane coupling agent (KH550) into a high-speed mixer, stir for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 1 hour, and the obtained product is ready for use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 2

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed argon gas as plasma, gas pressure 500Pa, radio frequency discharge power 400W, and discharge time 20min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 3

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed nitrogen as plasma, gas pressure 500Pa, radio frequency discharge power 400W, and discharge time 20min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 4

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed air as plasma, gas pressure 500Pa, radio frequency discharge power 400W, discharge time 20min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 5

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed oxygen as plasma, gas pressure 500Pa, radio frequency discharge power 400W, discharge time 20min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 6

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed carbon dioxide as plasma, gas pressure 500Pa, radio frequency discharge power 400W, and discharge time 20min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 7

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed ammonia gas as plasma, gas pressure 500Pa, radio frequency discharge power 400W, discharge time 20min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use.

(2) take by weighing 57 parts of nylon, 10 parts of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 0.5 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1098, mix these several kinds of raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 30min, and then mix the obtained The material and the product obtained in step (1) are put into the extruder hopper together, and between 270 ° C and 320 ° C, the main screw speed is 400 rpm, the feeding screw speed is 30 rpm, and the side feeding screw speed is 100 rpm. The extrusion is carried out under the condition of rev/min, and the extrudate is subjected to pulling (pulling speed 8 m/min), cooling (cooling temperature 20 ° C), drying (air flow rate of blow dryer 30 m/min), pelletizing (pelletizer rotating speed 15Hz) to obtain a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.

Example 8

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fibers and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed ammonia gas as plasma, gas pressure 2Pa, radio frequency discharge power 5W, discharge time 0.1min, obtain modified glass fiber, for subsequent use. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 7.

Example 9

A preparation method of glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) take by weighing 30 parts of glass fiber and put into low temperature plasma reaction device, feed ammonia gas as plasma, gas pressure 5000Pa, radio frequency discharge power 1000W, discharge time 60min, obtain modified glass fiber, standby. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 7.

Performance Testing:

The properties of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite materials of Examples 1-9 are shown in Table 1. Among them, Example 1 is a control group, and the glass fiber used in it is not modified with low temperature plasma for surface functionalization.

Table 1

It can be seen from the test results in Table 1 that in Example 1, the traditional method of adding a coupling agent was used to improve the compatibility between fibers and nylon; while Examples 2-9 were modified by plasma proposed in the present invention. For the solution of glass fiber, the performance of the obtained nylon composite material has been significantly improved compared with Example 1, especially the improvement effect of tensile strength and impact strength is more obvious. In view of the above phenomenon, the present invention further studies and finds that: this is because after the glass fiber is discharged in these gases, a large number of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups are generated on the surface of the glass fiber, and these functional groups are extruded. During the extraction process, it can react with the carboxyl and amino groups at the end of nylon to form a nylon segment graft that has good compatibility with nylon on the surface of the glass fiber, thereby effectively improving the dispersibility of the glass fiber and the nylon matrix and improving the material. mechanical properties. In addition, it can also be seen from the test data of Examples 2-9 that, compared with other gases, when carbon dioxide and ammonia are used as plasma gases, the obtained glass fiber has a more significant improvement effect on nylon composite materials.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, is characterized in that, by weight, its raw material composition comprises: nylon 14-86.8 parts, glass fiber 8-60 parts, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin 5-20 parts, 0.1-5 parts of lubricant, 0.1-1 part of antioxidant; wherein, the glass fiber has undergone the discharge treatment of plasma gas, namely modified glass fiber; Wherein, the plasma gas is carbon dioxide or ammonia. 2. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified glass fiber is: placing the glass fiber in a plasma reaction device, feeding plasma gas, and utilizing the plasma gas The surface functionalization treatment of glass fiber is carried out. 3. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 2, wherein the conditions for the plasma treatment of the glass fiber are: gas pressure 2-5000 Pa, discharge power 5-1000 W, discharge time 0.1-60 min . 4 . The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 2 , wherein the plasma reaction device is a low-temperature plasma reaction device, and the discharge modes include glow discharge, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and radio frequency discharge. 5 . and any one of microwave discharge. 5. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the glass fiber is continuous glass fiber, chopped glass fiber, ground glass fiber, alkali-free glass fiber, medium alkali glass fiber, high Any one or a mixture of alkali glass fibers. 6. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the nylon is nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 9, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 1010 , nylon 1012, nylon 1212 any one or a mixture of several. 7. glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin is maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene, Maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer, maleic anhydride grafted EPDM rubber Any one or a mixture of several. 8. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is polyethylene wax, microcrystalline paraffin, liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, chlorinated paraffin, oxidized polyethylene wax, silicone oil, Any one or more of stearic acid, butyl stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, oleic acid amide, ethylene bis-stearamide, erucic acid amide, glycerol trihydroxystearate mixture. 9. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to claim 8, wherein the antioxidant is [tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid]pentaerythritol ester ( Antioxidant 1010), 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy) propylene octadecyl (antioxidant 1076), N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tertiary) Butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexamethylenediamine (antioxidant 1098), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol (antioxidant 264), 2,4,6-tri-tert-tertiary Any one or a mixture of butylphenol (antioxidant 246) and (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite triester (antioxidant 168). 10. The preparation method of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, after nylon, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, lubricant and antioxidant are mixed uniformly, The obtained mixture and glass fibers are placed in an extruder for extrusion, and the extrudate is drawn, cooled, dried, and pelletized to obtain it. 11. The preparation method of claim 10, wherein the extrusion process parameters are: between 250-350°C, the main screw speed is 30-600 rpm, and the feeding screw speed is 30-100 rev/min, side feeding screw speed 10-200 rev/min. 12. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material according to any one of claims 1-9 and/or the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material prepared by the method according to claim 10 or 11 is used in automobiles, electronics, machinery, rail transit, sports applications in the field of equipment.