CN110666340A - Friction welding method for cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Friction welding method for cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110666340A CN110666340A CN201911061014.3A CN201911061014A CN110666340A CN 110666340 A CN110666340 A CN 110666340A CN 201911061014 A CN201911061014 A CN 201911061014A CN 110666340 A CN110666340 A CN 110666340A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
A friction welding method for casting high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel comprises the steps of clamping a casting high-temperature alloy and a martensitic stainless steel bar on a movable clamp and a rotary clamp of a friction welding machine respectively, performing first-stage friction welding under low pressure under rotation, performing second-stage friction welding under high pressure, and finally performing upset forging. The invention has simple process and strong operability, and can implement welding without adding special equipment or adding transition layer metal. The first-stage friction welding has the pre-cleaning effect, the oxide film on the welding surface is damaged, the internal pure metal is exposed, and meanwhile, the temperature of the welding surface can be increased by heat generated by friction, and a plastic deformation layer is generated. In addition, the upset forging process can further forge the welded joint to form the welded joint with compact structure and good mechanical property. After the method is adopted for welding, the defects of cracks, air holes and the like are not found at the welding seam through fluorescent inspection, and the welding seam has good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid state connection of dissimilar materials, and relates to a friction welding method for a cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel.
Background
Cast high temperature alloys are metallic structural materials that operate stably for long periods in high temperature and oxidizing corrosive environments, and the most important application in the aerospace industry is the manufacture of parts such as turbine blades, guide blades, turbine disks, and the like for aircraft engines. The martensitic stainless steel has high heat strength, high intermediate temperature instantaneous strength, good intermediate temperature durability, creep resistance, stress corrosion resistance and cold and hot fatigue resistance, and is suitable for manufacturing parts such as compressor blades, compressor discs, turbine shafts and the like. The two materials are connected by adopting mechanical structures such as bolts, tenon teeth and the like, so that the complexity and the processing cost of the structure are increased, and the weight and the stress concentration of the component are increased; the traditional welding method has the defects of improper process control, easy generation of cracks, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration and the like, and poor mechanical properties of the joint.
The continuous driving friction welding is a solid welding method with high quality, high efficiency and good reproducibility, can avoid the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and the like, and has the advantages of high weldment dimensional precision, low cost, high welding speed and high production efficiency. However, at present, no continuous driving friction welding method for dissimilar materials of casting high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel exists, and the research and development of the connection technology of the two materials has important practical value and wide prospect in the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, traffic and the like.
Patent CN106624339 provides a friction welding method for high temperature alloy and 42CrMo steel, which needs to process a boss as a welding contact surface before welding, and needs to perform tempering treatment after welding, thus increasing the processing difficulty of workpieces and the complexity of the process, and the 42CrMo steel is quenched and tempered steel mainly used for automobile engines, and martensitic stainless steel contains more solid solution strengthening elements such as Cr, Al, Mo, etc. compared with martensitic stainless steel, and these elements can increase the crack sensitivity of the alloy, and easily cause defects such as welding cracks, structure segregation, brittle phase precipitation, etc., so the weldability is worse.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction welding method for a cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a friction welding method for casting high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel comprises the steps of clamping a casting high-temperature alloy and a martensitic stainless steel bar on a movable clamp and a rotary clamp of a friction welding machine respectively, performing first-stage friction welding under low pressure under rotation, performing second-stage friction welding under high pressure, and finally performing upset forging.
The invention is further improved in that the rotating speed is 1500 r/min.
The invention is further improved in that the conditions of the first stage friction welding are as follows: the friction pressure is 1-2MPa, and the friction time is 6-8 s.
The invention is further improved in that the conditions of the second stage friction welding are as follows: the friction pressure is 8.5-9.5MPa, and the friction time is 20-24 s.
The invention is further improved in that the cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel bar is two pipes with the wall thickness of 10-20 mm.
The invention is further improved in that the cast high-temperature alloy is 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb stainless steel or 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel.
The further improvement of the invention is that the martensitic stainless steel is K405 high temperature alloy, K417 high temperature alloy or K423 high temperature alloy.
The invention is further improved in that the upsetting conditions are as follows: applying 10-15MPa pressure and keeping for 60 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has simple process and strong operability, and can implement welding without adding special equipment or adding transition layer metal. The first-stage friction welding has the pre-cleaning effect, the oxide film on the welding surface is damaged, the internal pure metal is exposed, and meanwhile, the temperature of the welding surface can be increased by heat generated by friction, and a plastic deformation layer is generated. In addition, the upset forging process can further forge the welded joint to form the welded joint with compact structure and good mechanical property. After welding by the method of the invention, weldingThe defects such as cracks, air holes and the like are not found in the seam through fluorescent inspection, and the quality of the seam is good. Tensile strength sigma of welded joint of the inventionb828-866 MPa.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a welded embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an X-ray inspection of the invention after welding.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below.
The invention provides a friction welding method for a turbine disc and a turbine shaft of an aero-engine, which is characterized in that cast high-temperature alloy is a main material of the turbine disc of the aero-engine, and martensitic stainless steel is a main material of the turbine shaft. In an aircraft engine, although the specification and the model of a turbine disc and a turbine shaft are many, the wall thickness is mainly concentrated on 10-20mm, so that the welding parent metal is two pipe fittings with the wall thickness of 10-20 mm. Other pipe fittings made of materials with the same wall thickness are also suitable for friction welding, but parameters such as rotating speed, friction pressure, friction time and the like need to be adjusted according to the change of the wall thickness.
The invention provides a continuous driving friction welding method for casting a high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel dissimilar material, which fills up the industrial blank, wherein a welding base material is two pipe fittings with the wall thickness of 10-20mm, and the method comprises the following process steps:
the method comprises the following steps: before welding, acetone or alcohol is used for cleaning the workpiece to be welded, so that the surface is free of pollutants such as oil stains, paint and foreign matters.
Step two: and respectively clamping the cast high-temperature alloy and the martensitic stainless steel bar on a movable clamp and a rotary clamp of a friction welding machine.
Step three: and performing first-stage friction welding at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, the friction pressure of 1-2MPa and the friction time of 6-8 s.
Step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 8.5-9.5MPa and the friction time of 20-24 s.
Step five: immediately braking and applying 10-15MPa of upsetting pressure after the fourth step is finished, and keeping for 60 s.
Step six: and removing inner and outer circular flash of the welding part.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
The welding parent metal is 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb stainless steel and K405 high-temperature alloy pipe fittings with the wall thickness of 10-15mm, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: before welding, acetone or alcohol is used for cleaning the workpiece to be welded, so that the surface is free of pollutants such as oil stains, paint and foreign matters.
Step two: and respectively clamping the cast high-temperature alloy and the martensitic stainless steel bar on a movable clamp and a rotary clamp of a friction welding machine.
Step three: and performing first-stage friction welding at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, the friction pressure of 1MPa and the friction time of 6 s.
Step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 8.5MPa and the friction time of 20 s.
Step five: immediately braking and applying 10MPa of upsetting pressure after the fourth step is finished, and keeping for 60 s.
Step six: and removing inner and outer circular flash of the welding part.
Through fluorescent inspection, no crack, air hole and other defects are found in the welding seam area, and the tensile strength sigma of the joint isbIs 861 MPa.
Example 2
The welding parent metal is 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb stainless steel and K417 high-temperature alloy pipe with the wall thickness of 10-15mm, and the welding method is different from the embodiment 1 in that:
step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 8.7MPa and the friction time of 21 s.
Step five: immediately braking after the step four is finished, and applying 12MPa of upsetting pressure for 60 s.
Through fluorescent inspection, no crack, air hole and other defects are found in the welding seam area, and the tensile strength sigma of the joint isbIs 853 MPa.
Example 3
The welding parent metal is 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb stainless steel and K423 high temperature alloy pipe with the wall thickness of 10-15mm, and the difference of the welding method and the embodiment 1 is that:
step three: and performing first-stage friction welding at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, the friction pressure of 1MPa and the friction time of 7 s.
Step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 9.0MPa and the friction time of 22 s.
Step five: immediately braking after the step four is finished, and applying 12MPa of upsetting pressure for 60 s.
Through fluorescent inspection, no crack, air hole and other defects are found in the welding seam area, and the tensile strength sigma of the joint isb866 MPa.
Example 4
The welding parent metal is 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel and K405 high-temperature alloy pipe fittings with the wall thickness of 15-20mm, and the welding method is different from the embodiment 1 in that:
step three: and performing first-stage friction welding at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, the friction pressure of 2MPa and the friction time of 7 s.
Step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 9.2MPa for the friction time of 23 s.
Step five: immediately braking after the step four is finished, and applying 14MPa of upsetting pressure for 60 s.
Through fluorescent inspection, no crack, air hole and other defects are found in the welding seam area, and the tensile strength sigma of the joint isbThe pressure was 828 MPa.
Example 5
The welding parent metal is 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel with the wall thickness of 15-20mm and K417 high-temperature alloy pipe fittings, and the welding method is different from the embodiment 1 in that:
step three: and performing first-stage friction welding at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, the friction pressure of 2MPa and the friction time of 8 s.
Step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 9.4MPa and the friction time of 24 s.
Step five: immediately braking after the step four is finished, and applying 14MPa of upsetting pressure for 60 s.
Through fluorescent inspection, no crack, air hole and other defects are found in the welding seam area, and the tensile strength sigma of the joint isbIs 837 MPa.
Example 6
The welding parent metal is 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel with the wall thickness of 15-20mm and K423 high-temperature alloy pipe fittings, and the welding method is different from the embodiment 1 in that:
step three: and performing first-stage friction welding at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, the friction pressure of 2MPa and the friction time of 8 s.
Step four: and after the third step, performing second-stage friction welding at the friction pressure of 9.5MPa and the friction time of 24 s.
Step five: immediately braking and applying 15MPa upsetting pressure after the fourth step is finished, and keeping for 60 s.
Through fluorescent inspection, no crack, air hole and other defects are found in the welding seam area, and the tensile strength sigma of the joint isb842 MPa.
Fig. 1 is a picture of a welded object of the present invention, fig. 2 is a picture of an X-ray inspection of the welded object of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 1 and fig. 2 that the welded joint quality is good after welding by the present invention, and the X-ray inspection has no defects such as cracks, pores, etc. According to the invention, the workpiece to be welded is only cleaned before welding, and the working efficiency can be greatly improved by reducing the polishing procedure before welding. The grinding time is short and the efficiency is high. Meanwhile, the first-stage friction welding damages an oxide film on the welding surface to expose pure metal inside, and the generated heat can also raise the temperature of the welding surface and generate a plastic deformation layer. This is why the present patent can solve the welding problem of the cast superalloy and the martensitic stainless steel.
Claims (8)
1. A friction welding method for a cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel is characterized in that the cast high-temperature alloy and a martensitic stainless steel bar are respectively clamped on a moving clamp and a rotating clamp of a friction welding machine, first-stage friction welding is carried out under low pressure under rotation, then second-stage friction welding is carried out under high pressure, and finally upsetting is carried out.
2. The friction welding method of a cast superalloy and a martensitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed is 1500 r/min.
3. The friction welding method of a cast superalloy and a martensitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first stage friction welding conditions are: the friction pressure is 1-2MPa, and the friction time is 6-8 s.
4. The friction welding method of a cast superalloy and a martensitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second stage friction welding conditions are: the friction pressure is 8.5-9.5MPa, and the friction time is 20-24 s.
5. The friction welding method of the cast superalloy and the martensitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cast superalloy and the martensitic stainless steel rod are two tubes with a wall thickness of 10-20 mm.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, wherein the cast superalloy is 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb stainless steel or 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel.
7. A friction welding method of a cast superalloy and a martensitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1 or 5 wherein the martensitic stainless steel is K405 superalloy, K417 superalloy or K423 superalloy.
8. The friction welding method of a cast superalloy and a martensitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upset forging conditions are: applying 10-15MPa pressure and keeping for 60 s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911061014.3A CN110666340A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Friction welding method for cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911061014.3A CN110666340A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Friction welding method for cast high-temperature alloy and martensitic stainless steel |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104014928A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Dissimilar steel welding method for martensite heat-resisting steel and austenitic heat-resisting steel |
| CN104014929A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Dissimilar metal welding method for martensite heat-resisting steel and high-temperature nickel base alloy |
| CN205074674U (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-09 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Friction welded joint of stainless steel axle and high temperature alloy axle |
| EP3064307A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-07 | Laborelec CVBA | System and method for linking by friction welding a first piece of steel to a second piece of steel with use of ni-based alloys adapter |
| CN106624339A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for improving strength of friction-welded joint of high-temperature alloy turbine disc and 42CrMo quenched and tempered steel shaft |
-
2019
- 2019-11-01 CN CN201911061014.3A patent/CN110666340A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104014928A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Dissimilar steel welding method for martensite heat-resisting steel and austenitic heat-resisting steel |
| CN104014929A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Dissimilar metal welding method for martensite heat-resisting steel and high-temperature nickel base alloy |
| EP3064307A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-07 | Laborelec CVBA | System and method for linking by friction welding a first piece of steel to a second piece of steel with use of ni-based alloys adapter |
| CN205074674U (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-09 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Friction welded joint of stainless steel axle and high temperature alloy axle |
| CN106624339A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for improving strength of friction-welded joint of high-temperature alloy turbine disc and 42CrMo quenched and tempered steel shaft |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张湘君 等: "K24与1Cr11Ni2W2MoVA异种材料摩擦焊接", 《电焊机》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200110 |