CN110653328A - Processing technology of inner lug special-shaped cover - Google Patents
Processing technology of inner lug special-shaped cover Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110653328A CN110653328A CN201910477398.0A CN201910477398A CN110653328A CN 110653328 A CN110653328 A CN 110653328A CN 201910477398 A CN201910477398 A CN 201910477398A CN 110653328 A CN110653328 A CN 110653328A
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- blank
- core roller
- forging
- roller
- rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/08—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs
- B21K21/10—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs cone-shaped or bell-shaped articles, e.g. insulator caps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/22—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution characterised by use of rolls having circumferentially varying profile ; Die-rolling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of forging manufacturing, in particular to a processing technology of an inner lug special-shaped cover, which comprises the following steps: molding: designing a core roller according to the size of the inner wall of the forging, wherein the inclination of a groove of the core roller is 5 degrees; manufacturing a blank of the forging piece: blanking phi 300 multiplied by 770, peeling and chamfering, heating the blank to 450-470 ℃ by using an electric furnace, preserving heat for 7-8 h according to 1.5mm/min, and after the blank is preserved for heat, upsetting, punching, reaming and shaping on a 25000KN press; molding: sleeving a conical blank on a core roller, starting equipment to sleeve the core roller fixing sleeve at the upper end of the core roller, moving a rolling roller forward to contact the conical blank of the forge piece, and forming the forge piece in the process of rolling to be thin in wall thickness; secondary molding: sleeving the manufactured blank into a core roller, starting equipment, and finally forming a forged piece under the rolling of a rolling roller; quenching: and (3) preserving heat for 180-250 min at the temperature of 480-520 ℃, cooling with water, aging for 145-160 ℃, preserving heat for 14-18 h, and cooling with air. The invention solves the problem that the inner lug special-shaped cover generates cracks and gaps due to high temperature in the forging process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging and manufacturing, in particular to a processing technology of an inner lug special-shaped cover.
Background
The special-shaped cover part is applied to a space launch cabin, is an important protective cover of a rocket electronic instrument, has the maximum outer diameter phi 612, the minimum inner diameter phi 450, the height 430 and the minimum wall thickness of 3mm, and is processed by ZL205A aluminum alloy castings in the prior art.
The defects of air holes, sand holes, looseness and the like of the roots of two lifting lugs on the special-shaped cover with symmetrical inner sides of the casting can not be eradicated all the time due to the restriction of a plurality of factors such as a mould structure, the air permeability, the drying and wetting property of molding sand, the pouring temperature, the pouring speed, the moisture retention time and the like in the processing process of the special-shaped cover processed by ZL205A aluminum alloy casting. The root defect is processed by polishing, surfacing and stress relief, and when the special-shaped cover is finally used, even if the mechanical property of a casting is qualified, the surfacing part of the root of the lifting lug has insufficient strength, and the self weight and the weight of an internal assembly part of the special-shaped cover cannot be borne, so that the special-shaped cover is broken due to poor bearing capacity in the using process, a major safety accident is caused, the launching process of the space rocket is seriously influenced, and major economic loss is caused for the country.
The above problems can be improved by using a forging process, which is a mechanical processing method for applying pressure to a metal blank by using a forging press to cause plastic deformation. The forging with certain mechanical property, certain shape and size can be obtained through the forging process, the defects of as-cast porosity and the like generated in the smelting process of metal can be eliminated through forging, meanwhile, because the complete metal streamline is preserved through forging, the mechanical property of the forging is generally superior to that of a casting made of the same material, and the forging has important application in the manufacturing of important mechanical parts with high load and severe working conditions.
However, in the forging production of the inner lug special-shaped cover, the forging temperature is high, the equipment load is large, the die is easy to deform and wear, so that the inner lug special-shaped cover generates cracks and gaps, the performance of the inner lug special-shaped cover is difficult to guarantee, and the forging temperature is required to be improved to improve the performance of the inner lug special-shaped cover.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing technology of an inner lug special-shaped cover, which aims to solve the problem that the inner lug special-shaped cover generates cracks and gaps due to high temperature in the forging process.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a processing technology of an inner lug special-shaped cover, which comprises the following steps:
step one, molding: designing a core roller according to the size of the inner wall of the forging, wherein the inclination of a groove of the core roller is 4-6 degrees, and designing a rolling roller and a core roller fixing sleeve according to the external size of the forging;
step two, manufacturing a forging blank: blanking phi 300 multiplied by 770, peeling and chamfering, heating the blank to 450-470 ℃ by using an electric furnace, preserving heat for 7-8 h according to 1.5mm/min, taking out the blank from the electric furnace after the blank is preserved for heat, upsetting, punching, reaming and shaping on a 25000KN press machine, and finishing blank manufacturing;
step three, forming a forged piece: sleeving a conical blank on a core roller, starting equipment to sleeve a core roller fixing sleeve on the upper end of the core roller, fixing the core roller, and forming a forging in the process of rolling to be thin and thick after a rolling roller is moved forward to contact the conical blank of the forging;
step four, secondary forming: sleeving the manufactured blank into a core roller, starting equipment, and finally forming a forged piece under the continuous rolling of a rolling roller;
step five, quenching: and (3) preserving heat for 180-250 min at the temperature of 480-520 ℃, cooling with water, aging for 145-160 ℃, preserving heat for 14-18 h, and cooling with air.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the scheme, the mold is firstly manufactured, the core roller is designed according to the size of the inner wall of the forge piece, the inclination of the groove is 4-6 degrees, demolding is facilitated, the rolling roller and the core roller fixing sleeve are designed according to the overall size of the forge piece, and after the demolding mold is designed, the core roller fixing sleeve is sleeved at the upper end of the core roller to play a role in fixing the core roller; then, manufacturing a forging blank, blanking to be phi 300 multiplied by 770, peeling and chamfering, heating the blank to 450-470 ℃ by using an electric furnace, preserving heat for 7-8 h according to 1.5mm/min, taking out the blank from the electric furnace after the blank reaches the heat preservation time, upsetting the blank on a 25000KN press, punching, reaming and shaping to manufacture a conical cylinder, and finishing blank manufacturing; next, forming a forged piece, namely sleeving the manufactured conical blank on a roller core, starting equipment to sleeve a core roller fixing sleeve on the upper end of the core roller, fixing the core roller, and forming the forged piece in the process of rolling to be thin and thick after a rolling roller is moved forward to contact the forged piece conical blank; the technical scheme includes that secondary forging is adopted, a manufactured blank is sleeved into a core roller, equipment is started, the rolling roller continuously rolls to finally obtain a formed forged piece, the internal structure of the forged blank is changed from a casting structure into a processing structure, hot processing is easy to roll, and rolling in three directions is carried out during forging in order to meet the performance of a final material; and in order to eliminate stress, finally, preserving heat for 180-250 min at 480-520 ℃, cooling with water, aging for 145-160 ℃, preserving heat for 14-18 h, and then placing in air for cooling.
The invention adopts a combined processing mode of forging and rolling and is matched with necessary aging heat treatment to achieve the material performance required by aerospace
Due to the high forging temperature of the prior art, the grains are seriously refined, but some larger grains still exist in the blank, and the grains are mainly sourced from two aspects. On one hand: the deformation among different grains in the initial deformation stage is not uniform, so that recrystallized grains are preferentially generated in certain areas, the preferentially formed recrystallized areas are easy to absorb the deformation, the subsequent deformation is mainly concentrated in the areas, so that the deformation in some original coarse grains is not deep, and residual original grains are formed. On the other hand, abnormal growth of some dynamic recrystallization grains is also one of main sources of coarse crystals, so that the method adopts a combined processing mode of forging and rolling, the quenching temperature is controlled to be 480-520 ℃, the temperature is kept for 180-250 min, then water cooling is carried out, the aging is 145-160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 14-18 h, a large amount of twin crystals are introduced into the coarse crystals during low-temperature deformation, and the twin crystals provide nucleation sites for recrystallization in the subsequent annealing or thermal deformation process, so that the effect of refining the coarse crystals is achieved. The temperature is selected as one of the key factors for introducing twin crystals into the coarse crystals, and too low temperature causes cracking, and too high temperature hardly introduces twin deformation into the equipment. After the crystal grains are fully refined, the final forging forming is carried out, and the problems that the equipment load is large, the die is easy to deform and wear, and the inner lug special-shaped cover generates cracks and gaps due to too low or too high temperature are solved.
Further, the core roller and the rolling roller in the first step are both made of 5CrNiMo materials.
Further, the groove inclination of the core roller in the first step is 5 °.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a forging blank making process of the inner lug special-shaped cover.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example (b): a processing technology of an inner lug special-shaped cover comprises the following steps:
step one, molding: designing a core roller according to the size of the inner wall of the forging, selecting a 5CrNiMo material for manufacturing, designing a rolling roller and a core roller fixing sleeve according to the external size of the forging, wherein the inclination of a groove of the core roller is 5 degrees;
1: and (5) material purchasing, namely purchasing phi 350 bar stocks according to the GB/T1299-2000 standard.
2: the material is retested, and the material is put into use after being put into a factory for retesting items, which have chemical components, mechanical properties, macroscopic and non-metallic inclusions and meet the GB/T1299-2000 standard requirements.
3: blanking, wherein the blanking specification of a core roller is phi 350 multiplied by 690, and the blanking specification of a rolling roller is phi 350 multiplied by 640.
4: heating at 1500-1180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 100-280 min according to 0.3-0.8 mm/min.
5: upsetting to half height of each length.
6: drawing length, drawing length phi 350 standard, and material length as long as possible.
7: upsetting to half the height of each length.
8: and (4) pulling the step shaft, and reserving 8-10 mm of machining allowance at a single side.
9: and (6) cooling, namely cooling along with the furnace.
10: and (5) rough machining, wherein 2-3 mm machining allowance is left on one side.
11: and (4) performing heat treatment at 830-860 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 hours according to the thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm/min, and performing oil quenching.
12: and (5) detecting the hardness HRC 48-55.
Die mounting
The rolling roll fixing device, the core roll fixing base, the movable supporting forging platen, the core roll fixing sleeve and other facilities are all equipped in a 3.5-meter ring rolling machine, and the sizes of the core roll and the rolling roll interface are only considered to be matched with the rolling roll fixing device. The specific size of the core roller and the rolling roller is the processing size after the heat shrinkage is added according to the size of the cold forging. The sizes of the two ends of the core roller and the rolling roller are fixed by the joints, and the size of the middle part is the size required by the forming of the forge piece.
Step two, manufacturing a forging blank: as shown in figure 1, blanking phi 300 multiplied by 770, peeling, chamfering, heating the blank to 450-470 ℃ by using an electric furnace, preserving heat for 7-8 h according to 1.5mm/min, taking out the blank from the electric furnace after the blank is preserved for heat, upsetting, punching, reaming and shaping on a 25000KN press machine, and finishing blank manufacturing;
step three, forming a forged piece: sleeving a conical blank on a core roller, starting equipment to sleeve a core roller fixing sleeve on the upper end of the core roller, fixing the core roller, and forming a forging in the process of rolling to be thin and thick after a rolling roller is moved forward to contact the conical blank of the forging;
step four, secondary forming: sleeving the manufactured blank into a core roller, starting equipment, and finally forming a forged piece under the continuous rolling of a rolling roller;
step five, quenching: preserving heat for 180-250 min at the temperature of 480-520 ℃, cooling with water, aging for 145-160 ℃, preserving heat for 14-18 h, and cooling with air;
step six, metallographic examination: and (4) sampling and inspecting the small end of the conical forging to obtain a macroscopic and microscopic result, wherein the test result meets the standard requirement of QJ 502B. The macrostructure has no defects of cracks, non-metal inclusions, layering, folding, rib penetration and the like, the grain size is 6 grades, and the microstructure has no overheating and overburning;
step seven, mechanical property test: taking a tangential sample at the small end of the conical forging piece to perform a mechanical property test, wherein the test results are as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, the measured value is larger than the standard value when the quenching temperature is 480-520 ℃.
The relationship between the quenching control temperature and the probability of cracks appearing in the parts (100 samples) of the above examples was tested and the following table was prepared:
400 ℃ and below | 400~440℃ | 440~460℃ | 460~480℃ | 480~520℃ | |
Rate of cracking | 32% | 27% | 20% | 18% | 3% |
Void fraction | 33% | 28% | 20% | 18% | 5% |
As can be seen from the above table, only when the quenching temperature is in the range of 480-520 ℃, the crack rate of the part is the least, and the void ratio is the least.
Claims (3)
1. A processing technology of an inner lug special-shaped cover is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, molding: designing a core roller according to the size of the inner wall of the forging, wherein the inclination of a groove of the core roller is 4-6 degrees, and designing a rolling roller and a core roller fixing sleeve according to the external size of the forging;
step two, manufacturing a forging blank: blanking phi 300 multiplied by 770, peeling and chamfering, heating the blank to 450-470 ℃ by using an electric furnace, preserving heat for 7-8 h according to 1.5mm/min, taking out the blank from the electric furnace after the blank is preserved for heat, upsetting, punching, reaming and shaping on a 25000KN press machine, and finishing blank manufacturing;
step three, forming a forged piece: sleeving a conical blank on a core roller, starting equipment to sleeve a core roller fixing sleeve on the upper end of the core roller, fixing the core roller, and forming a forging in the process of rolling to be thin and thick after a rolling roller is moved forward to contact the conical blank of the forging;
step four, secondary forming: sleeving the manufactured blank into a core roller, starting equipment, and finally forming a forged piece under the continuous rolling of a rolling roller;
step five, quenching: and (3) preserving heat for 180-250 min at the temperature of 480-520 ℃, cooling with water, aging for 145-160 ℃, preserving heat for 14-18 h, and cooling with air.
2. The processing technology of the inner lug special-shaped cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the core roller and the rolling roller in the first step are both made of 5CrNiMo materials.
3. The processing technology of the inner lug special-shaped cover according to claim 2, characterized in that: the groove inclination of the core roller in the first step is 5 degrees.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111705187A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-25 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method for reducing stress cracks of 4340 steel ring piece |
CN114178781A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-03-15 | 贵州航天精工制造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing gasket fixing clamp for reactor pressure vessel |
CN114273579A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 | Preparation method of super-huge type ultrahigh cone forging |
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CN111705187A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-25 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method for reducing stress cracks of 4340 steel ring piece |
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Application publication date: 20200107 |