CN110658465A - Cadmium-nickel battery management system - Google Patents
Cadmium-nickel battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110658465A CN110658465A CN201911060741.8A CN201911060741A CN110658465A CN 110658465 A CN110658465 A CN 110658465A CN 201911060741 A CN201911060741 A CN 201911060741A CN 110658465 A CN110658465 A CN 110658465A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cadmium-nickel battery management system, which comprises: the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring and storing the total voltage, the monomer voltage, the current and the battery temperature of the cadmium-nickel battery; the communication unit is used for connecting a train network to realize battery data uploading and realizing data downloading and program updating during maintenance of a battery management system; the data storage unit is used for storing key operation data of the battery management system and operation historical data of the battery management system; and the management control unit is used for carrying out abnormity detection and early warning on the storage battery pack, realizing charge-discharge control and SOC calculation, sending corresponding instructions to the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and receiving information fed back by each unit. The cadmium-nickel battery management system can solve the problem that the traditional cadmium-nickel battery has no data processing capacity and can not be managed when being directly butted with a subway system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cadmium-nickel battery management, in particular to a cadmium-nickel battery management system.
Background
Along with the increase of the demand for rapid and safe rail transit travel modes and the continuous evolution of intelligent driving technology, the technology of an intelligent unmanned subway rail train is also gradually emphasized, the intelligent premise is real-time data acquisition and transmission, and a cadmium-nickel battery pack serving as an important matched component in a power system of the rail train needs a corresponding battery management system to realize accurate acquisition and monitoring of battery data and provide basic data for transmission to a central control system of the train. How to design a cell management system corresponding to a cadmium-nickel battery pack which meets the requirements of rail transit becomes a bottleneck for restricting the cadmium-nickel battery pack to adapt to the intelligent rail transit requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the background technology, provides a cadmium-nickel battery management system, solves the problem that the traditional cadmium-nickel battery has no Data processing capacity and can not be managed when being directly butted with a subway system, and comprises the steps of completing the sampling of basic information of the battery by designing a battery monomer voltage acquisition unit, a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a Data storage unit and the like, completing the communication with a subway upper computer through a dual redundant Ethernet TRDP (Train Real-time Data Protocol rail traffic Real-time Ethernet Protocol), and performing system maintenance through a USB.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cadmium nickel cell management system comprising:
the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring and storing the total voltage, the monomer voltage, the current and the battery temperature of the cadmium-nickel battery so as to realize signal sampling of the cadmium-nickel battery; the communication unit is used for connecting a train network to realize battery data uploading and realize data downloading and program updating during system maintenance; the data storage unit is used for storing key operation data and historical operation data of the system and facilitating system maintenance and fault removal by storing various data of the cadmium-nickel battery system in normal work; the management control unit is a core module for realizing electric quantity estimation, threshold setting of early warning parameters, charge and discharge management and external communication data, is respectively in communication connection with the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and is used for carrying out abnormity detection and early warning on the storage battery, realizing charge and discharge control and SOC calculation, sending corresponding instructions to the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and receiving information fed back by all the units.
Furthermore, the signal acquisition unit and the management control unit interact in an SPI communication and IIC communication mode, the communication unit and the management control unit interact in a UART communication mode, the data storage unit and the management control unit interact in an SPI and IIC communication mode, and the signal acquisition unit specifically sends acquired data to the management control unit in an SPI and IIC communication mode.
Further, total voltage gathers among the signal acquisition unit and uses hall voltage sensor to realize, uses 2 cluster cadmium-nickel batteries to be a battery voltage acquisition unit during monomer voltage gathers, and whole storage battery is established ties by a plurality of battery voltage acquisition units and is constituteed, and current acquisition uses hall current sensor to realize, and temperature sampling point evenly distributed in each position of battery according to storage battery structure during battery temperature, just still be equipped with system power module in the signal acquisition unit, system power module's power supply input is cadmium-nickel storage battery's voltage to adopt high-pressure isolated form DC step-down power module to supply power for the inside low pressure module of system, it is concrete, signal acquisition unit can choose corresponding sensor and analog-to-digital conversion chip to build for use, also can select the single chip that contains above-mentioned function to realize.
Furthermore, two paths of Hall current sensors are arranged in the signal acquisition unit and are used for acquiring the current of the cadmium-nickel battery, namely a first-channel Hall current sensor and a second-channel Hall current sensor, the first-channel Hall current sensor is used for acquiring current data when the system normally works, the second-channel Hall current sensor is used for acquiring current data when the system is in a standby mode and is outputting small current, the range of the first-channel Hall current sensor is larger than that of the second-channel Hall current sensor, the first-channel Hall current sensor is a large-range Hall current sensor, and the second-channel Hall current sensor is a small-range Hall current sensor;
there are 3 types of actual operating conditions considered for the system: the battery management system comprises an emergency power supply mode, a traction mode and a sleep mode, wherein when the system is in the emergency power supply mode or the traction mode, the output current is large (more than 100A), and when the system is in the sleep mode, the output current of the system does not exceed 1A, and in order to accurately detect the output current of the system, the battery management system is provided with two Hall current sensor channels which are respectively used for acquiring current data when the system is in the emergency power supply mode or the traction mode and current data when the system is in the sleep mode.
Furthermore, the communication unit comprises a USB communication module and a dual-redundancy ethernet TRDP module, wherein the USB communication module is used for implementing data downloading and program updating during system maintenance, and the dual-redundancy ethernet TRDP module is used for connecting a train network to implement battery data uploading.
Further, the dual redundant ethernet TRDP module adopts a dual redundant ethernet interface scheme of the TRDP protocol: the Ethernet port 0 is used as a TRDP0 interface and is connected with the train network; the Ethernet port 1 is used as a TRDP1 interface and is connected with a train network, the Ethernet port 0 and the Ethernet port 1 form a redundant TRDP interface, and information is transmitted to the central control of the train in a multicast mode, wherein the TRDP0 and the TRDP1 have the same ComId and different IP addresses, and the information is combined to be used as a unique mark of train message; USB communication module adopts USB to change serial module and MCU communication, leads out and the program upgrade in order to realize historical data through PC end host computer, then PC end host computer passes through the USB connecting wire and connects BMS system (battery management system) back, and accessible USB supplies power and realizes supplying power alone to MCU, need not to supply power again to whole BMS system in maintenance and upgrading process and handle, and the realization off-line that can be more convenient is maintained.
Furthermore, the data storage unit comprises a ferroelectric nonvolatile memory and a Flash memory, the ferroelectric nonvolatile memory is used for storing system key operation data, the Flash memory is used for storing system operation historical data, and the data storage of the system is divided into two parts in the scheme: the first part is a system key operation data storage used for storing each key parameter required by system operation; the second part is system operation historical data storage, which is used for storing the historical data of system operation and is convenient for inquiring during equipment maintenance;
the data capacity of the key operation data of the system is small, the requirement on the reliability of storage is high, so that the data is realized by adopting a nonvolatile ferroelectric memory (FRAM), the operation history data of the system is required to be capable of storing the data of the continuous long-time operation of the system, and the data capacity is large, so that the data is realized by adopting a FLASH memory with large capacity.
Further, the operation history data comprises total voltage, cell voltage, temperature, total current and system working state.
Furthermore, the management control unit comprises a central controller, a clock unit and a register, wherein the central controller is used for carrying out abnormity detection and early warning on the cadmium-nickel battery, can be realized by selecting a proper single chip microcomputer or a special chip integrating multiple functions, the clock unit is used for providing clock frequency required by the system, and the register is used for setting various protection parameter thresholds and storing configuration parameters.
Further, the abnormality detection of the management control unit on the storage battery pack includes detection of overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overcharge, overdischarge, overload, high temperature and low temperature of the storage battery pack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cadmium-nickel battery management system can realize the high-efficiency management of the cadmium-nickel battery pack, ensure the safe use of the battery, prolong the service life of the battery, realize the real-time uploading of battery data to the central control of a train, provide basic data for the intelligent driving of a rail train and effectively solve the problem that the traditional cadmium-nickel battery has no data processing capacity and can not be managed when being directly butted with a subway system.
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FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a cadmium nickel cell management system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an architectural diagram of a cadmium nickel cell management system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the embodiments of the invention described hereinafter.
Example (b):
the first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a system for managing cadmium-nickel cells includes: the communication unit and the management control unit interact with each other in a UART (Universal asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) communication mode, and the data storage unit and the management control unit interact with each other in an SPI and IIC communication mode.
Specifically, the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring the total voltage, the monomer voltage, the current and the battery temperature of the cadmium-nickel battery, processing and storing the acquired data, and sending the data to the management control unit in the SPI and IIC communication mode.
In this embodiment, the total voltage is collected by using a hall voltage sensor in the signal collecting unit, and the parameter range of the collected total voltage is as follows: 0V-200V, when the monomer voltage is collected, 2 strings of cadmium-nickel batteries are used as a battery voltage collecting unit, and the whole storage battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery voltage collecting units in series, in the embodiment, the whole storage battery pack is formed by connecting 40 battery voltage collecting units in series, and the parameter range of the monomer voltage collection is as follows: 0 ~ 5V, temperature sampling point evenly distributed in each position of battery according to storage battery structure when gathering the battery temperature is equipped with 8 temperature acquisition points altogether in this embodiment to specifically adopt NTC temperature measuring resistor that the encapsulating sealed up in the copper terminal to connect in the battery negative pole and detect the temperature of battery, in this embodiment, the parameter range of the temperature of gathering is: -50 ℃ to 125 ℃.
The current collection is realized by using a Hall current sensor, wherein the actual working state of the system is considered to be 3 types: the battery management system comprises an emergency power supply mode, a traction mode and a sleep mode, wherein when the system is in the emergency power supply mode or the traction mode, the output current is large (more than 100A), and when the system is in the sleep mode, the output current of the system does not exceed 1A, and in order to accurately detect the output current of the system, the battery management system is provided with two Hall current sensor channels which are respectively used for acquiring current data when the system is in the emergency power supply mode or the traction mode and current data when the system is in the sleep mode.
The device comprises a signal acquisition unit, a first channel Hall current sensor and a second channel Hall current sensor, wherein the signal acquisition unit is provided with two Hall current sensors for acquiring the current of a cadmium-nickel battery, the first channel Hall current sensor is used for acquiring the current data of the system in normal working, the second channel Hall current sensor is used for acquiring the current data of the system in a standby mode when the system is in low current output, the range of the first channel Hall current sensor is larger than that of the second channel Hall current sensor, the first channel Hall current sensor is a wide-range Hall current sensor, and the second channel Hall current sensor is a small-range Hall current sensor.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the range of the parameter collected by the first channel hall current sensor is as follows: 500A-500A, the range of the parameters collected by the second channel Hall current sensor is as follows: the 0-30A and 2-path total current detection is set, and the charging current, the emergency discharging current, the traction discharging current and the standby state current of the storage battery pack are detected by flexibly using the Hall current sensor.
Preferably, in this embodiment, a system power module is further disposed in the signal acquisition unit, a power supply input of the system power module is a voltage of the cadmium-nickel storage battery pack, and a high-voltage isolation type DC step-down power module is used to supply power to a low-voltage module in the system, where in this embodiment, the high-voltage isolation power supply specifically converts the DC110V into a system low-voltage power supply.
Specifically, the signal acquisition unit can be built by selecting a corresponding sensor and an analog-to-digital conversion chip, and can also be realized by selecting a single chip with the functions.
The communication unit is used for connecting a train network to realize battery data uploading and data downloading and program updating during system maintenance.
In this embodiment, the communication unit includes a USB communication module and a dual redundant ethernet TRDP module, where the USB communication module is used to implement data downloading and program updating during system maintenance, and the dual redundant ethernet TRDP module is used to connect to a train network to implement battery data uploading.
Specifically, the dual redundant ethernet TRDP module adopts a dual redundant ethernet interface scheme of the TRDP protocol: the Ethernet port 0 is used as a TRDP0 interface and is connected with the train network 0; the Ethernet port 1 is used as a TRDP1 interface and is connected with the train network 1, the Ethernet port 0 and the Ethernet port 1 form a redundant TRDP interface, and information is transmitted to the central control of the train in a multicast mode, wherein the TRDP0 and the TRDP1 have the same ComId and different IP addresses, and the information is combined to be used as a unique mark of train messages; USB communication module adopts USB to change serial module and MCU communication, through PC end host computer in order to realize historical data's derivation and program upgrade, then PC end host computer passes through the USB connecting wire and connects the back of BMS System (Battery Management System), accessible USB supplies power and realizes supplying power alone MCU, need not to supply power again to whole BMS System at maintenance and upgrading in-process, can more convenient realization off-line maintenance.
The data storage unit is used for storing key operation data and historical operation data of the system, and various data of the cadmium-nickel battery system working at ordinary times are stored, so that system maintenance and fault removal are facilitated.
In the scheme, the data storage of the system is divided into two parts: the first part is a system key operation data storage used for storing each key parameter required by system operation; the second part is system operation historical data storage, and is used for storing the historical data of system operation, so that query is convenient during equipment maintenance.
The data capacity of the key operation data of the system is small, the requirement on the reliability of storage is high, so that the data is realized by adopting a nonvolatile ferroelectric memory (FRAM) (specifically 64kFRAM), while the operation history data of the system is required to be capable of storing the data of the continuous long-time operation of the system, and the data capacity is large, so that the data is realized by adopting a FLASH memory (specifically 1Gbit FLASH) with large capacity. Specifically, the system critical operation data includes the following parameters: SOC, system running time, total charging capacity, total discharging capacity, and running history data including total voltage, cell voltage, temperature, total current, system operating state, etc.
The management control unit is a core module for realizing electric quantity estimation, threshold setting of early warning parameters, Charge and discharge management and external communication data, is respectively in communication connection with the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and is used for carrying out abnormity detection and early warning on the storage battery pack, realizing Charge and discharge control and SOC (state of Charge) calculation, sending corresponding instructions to the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and receiving information fed back by all the units.
In this embodiment, the management control unit includes a central controller, a clock unit, and a register, where the central controller is configured to perform abnormality detection and early warning including overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overcharge, overdischarge, overload, high temperature, and low temperature of the storage battery pack on the cadmium-nickel battery, specifically, a suitable single chip may be selected for implementation, or a dedicated chip integrating multiple functions may be selected for implementation, the clock unit is configured to provide a clock frequency required by the system, and the register is configured to set various protection parameter thresholds and store configuration parameters.
Specifically, in the management control unit of this embodiment, the SOC has a large relationship with the voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters of the cd-ni battery, so that various parameters need to be sampled to correct the calculation of the SOC. In the embodiment, a deeply optimized ampere-hour integration method is adopted to calculate the SOC (the method is a mature SOC estimation method in the prior art). The basic formula of the calculation is as follows:
wherein, CNIs the rated capacity of the battery, I is the current of the battery, eta is the charge-discharge efficiency, charge-dischargeThe initial state is recorded as SOC0。
And converting the battery temperature into a compensation coefficient by integrating current and time, introducing the compensation coefficient into SOC estimation, and comparing a discharge curve of the storage battery pack to perform correction calculation to obtain a residual capacity value.
In this embodiment, when the cadmium-nickel battery is used for less than 3 years in the service life, the battery is further activated with the charge-discharge cycle during the use, and the discharge performance and the battery capacity hardly fade. When the battery is used for more than 3 years, the capacity of the battery begins to decrease slowly. In order to correct this, a battery of 3 years or more was used, and the correction was performed at a decay rate of 3% per year, that is, a reduction of 3% of the rated capacity per year.
Therefore, in the management control unit of the present embodiment, the parameters detected and intelligently calculated by the management system include: when the total voltage of the battery pack, the charge and discharge current of the battery pack and the residual capacity of the battery pack are estimated, and corresponding early warning is carried out, main early warning types comprise whole-group overvoltage early warning, whole-group low-voltage early warning, over-temperature early warning, discharge over-current early warning, charge over-current early warning, single fault early warning, over-temperature difference early warning and over-low SOC early warning.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cadmium nickel cell management system, comprising:
the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring and storing the total voltage, the monomer voltage, the current and the battery temperature of the cadmium-nickel battery;
the communication unit is used for connecting a train network to realize battery data uploading and realizing data downloading and program updating during maintenance of a battery management system;
the data storage unit is used for storing key operation data of the battery management system and operation historical data of the battery management system;
the management control unit is respectively in communication connection with the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and is used for carrying out abnormity detection and early warning on the storage battery, realizing charge-discharge control and SOC calculation, sending corresponding instructions to the signal acquisition unit, the communication unit and the data storage unit, and receiving feedback information of all the units.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition unit interacts with the management control unit in SPI and IIC communication modes, the communication unit interacts with the management control unit in UART communication mode, and the data storage unit interacts with the management control unit in SPI and IIC communication modes, wherein the signal acquisition unit transmits the acquired data to the management control unit in SPI and IIC communication modes.
3. The cadmium-nickel battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the total voltage collection in the signal collection unit is realized by using a hall voltage sensor, 2 strings of cadmium-nickel batteries are used as one battery voltage collection unit when the single voltage is collected, the whole storage battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery voltage collection units in series, the current collection is realized by using the hall current sensor, and the temperature sampling points are uniformly distributed at each position of the batteries according to the structure of the storage battery pack when the batteries are at the temperature; and a system power supply module is also arranged in the signal acquisition unit, the power supply input of the system power supply module is the voltage of the cadmium-nickel storage battery pack, and a high-voltage isolation type direct-current step-down power supply module is adopted to supply power to a low-voltage module in the battery management system.
4. The cadmium-nickel battery management system according to claim 3, wherein two hall current sensors are arranged in the signal acquisition unit for acquiring the current of the cadmium-nickel battery, and are respectively a first channel hall current sensor and a second channel hall current sensor, the first channel hall current sensor is used for acquiring the current data when the battery management system is in normal operation, the second channel hall current sensor is used for acquiring the current data when the battery management system is in a standby mode and the small current is output, and the measurement range of the first channel hall current sensor is greater than that of the second channel hall current sensor.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication unit comprises a USB communication module and a dual redundant ethernet TRDP module, the USB communication module is used for data downloading and program updating during maintenance of the battery management system, and the dual redundant ethernet TRDP module is used for connecting to a train network to upload battery data.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the dual redundant Ethernet TRDP module adopts a dual redundant Ethernet interface scheme of TRDP protocol: the Ethernet port 0 is used as a TRDP0 interface and is connected with the train network; the Ethernet port 1 is used as a TRDP1 interface and is connected with a train network, the Ethernet port 0 and the Ethernet port 1 form a redundant TRDP interface, and information is transmitted to the central control of the train in a multicast mode, wherein the TRDP0 and the TRDP1 have the same ComId and different IP addresses, and the information is combined to be used as a unique mark of train message;
the USB communication module adopts a USB-to-serial port module to communicate with the MCU, and leads out historical data and upgrades programs through the PC end upper computer.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data storage unit comprises a ferroelectric nonvolatile memory for storing critical operation data of the battery management system and a Flash memory for storing operation history data of the battery management system.
8. The system as set forth in claim 1 or 7, wherein the operation history data includes total voltage, cell voltage, temperature, total current, and system operation state.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the management control unit comprises a central controller, a clock unit and a register, the central controller is used for performing abnormality detection and early warning on the cadmium-nickel battery, the clock unit is used for providing clock frequency required by the battery management system, and the register is used for setting various protection parameter thresholds and storing configuration parameters.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the abnormality detection of the storage battery pack by the management control unit includes detection of overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overcharge, overdischarge, overload, high temperature and low temperature of the storage battery pack.
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| CN112565446A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-26 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Operation and maintenance management system for cadmium-nickel battery pack |
| CN114264963A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-01 | 深圳市伊爱高新技术开发有限公司 | Low-cost lithium-manganese battery power supply positioner electric quantity indication method |
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