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CN110655351B - 一种多功能墙板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多功能墙板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110655351B
CN110655351B CN201910793227.9A CN201910793227A CN110655351B CN 110655351 B CN110655351 B CN 110655351B CN 201910793227 A CN201910793227 A CN 201910793227A CN 110655351 B CN110655351 B CN 110655351B
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王玉峰
沈春林
康杰分
褚建军
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China National Building Materials Innovation and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能墙板,以质量份数计,其包括如下成分:水泥:480~550份;粉煤灰:144~165份;砂:24~27.5份;硅灰:14.4~16.5份;纤维:7.2~8.25份;水性纳米级炭黑:3.84~4.4份;减水剂:4.8~5.5份;膨胀剂:2.88~3.3份;发泡剂:4.8~5.5份;水:264~330份;所述多功能墙板还包括1‑5份的改性异氰酸酯,所述改性异氰酸酯由聚氨酯预聚体和端羟基石墨烯反应制成,所述聚氨酯预聚体与所述端羟基石墨烯的投料质量比为20‑50∶1;本发明能够在兼具具有防火、隔热、隔音、防震、抗冲击的基础上实现以较低的成本实现优异的防水防潮性能且能够长期保持。

Description

一种多功能墙板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑建工技术领域,具体涉及一种多功能墙板及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的隔墙施工繁琐,且质量重对建筑基础造成负担;目前用于隔断的墙板基本是复合夹心墙板,夹心材料是用一些易燃的有机材料制成(如:EPS塑料),在高温时会产生有毒有害气体,面板是硅钙板,吸水率高,软化系数高,且有反卤现象,咬合力差容易造成板面空鼓;市场上所销售的墙板均不能同时解决建筑的防火、防水、防潮、隔热、隔音、防震、抗冲击等问题,如同时到达上述功能需另外施工处理。
对此,现有技术中有人提出了一种多功能墙板,例如CN106995293A,其包含以下的重量份的原料制成:水泥:480~550份;粉煤灰:144~165份;砂:24~27.5份;硅灰:14.4~16.5份;纤维:7.2~8.25份;水性纳米级炭黑:3.84~4.4份;减水剂:4.8~5.5份;膨胀剂:2.88~3.3份;增稠保水剂:2.4~2.75份;发泡剂:4.8~5.5份;水:264~330份。然而此专利虽然具有一定的防潮耐水性能,但是需要添加较贵的增稠保水剂,不利于节约成本,同时具有较大的渗水风险。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种改进的多功能墙板,其在兼具具有防火、隔热、隔音、防震、抗冲击的基础上实现以较低的成本实现优异的防水防潮性能且能够长期保持。
本发明还提供了上述多功能墙板的制备方法。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的一种技术方案如下:
一种多功能墙板,以质量份数计,其包括如下成分:水泥:480~550份;粉煤灰:144~165份;砂:24~27.5份;硅灰:14.4~16.5份;纤维:7.2~8.25份;水性纳米级炭黑:3.84~4.4份;减水剂:4.8~5.5份;膨胀剂:2.88~3.3份;发泡剂:4.8~5.5份;水:264~330份;所述多功能墙板还包括1-5份的改性异氰酸酯,所述改性异氰酸酯由聚氨酯预聚体和端羟基石墨烯反应制成,所述聚氨酯预聚体与所述端羟基石墨烯的投料质量比为20-50∶1。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述聚氨酯预聚体与所述端羟基石墨烯的投料质量比为30-40∶1。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述端羟基石墨烯通过如下方法制备而得:将氧化石墨烯与聚醚多元醇混合后在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声分散,再置于110-130℃下搅拌并冷凝回流25-35h,洗涤抽滤,干燥,制成。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述聚氨酯预聚体由多元醇与异氰酸酯反应制成。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯和/或三异氰酸酯,包括但不限于甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)等;所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇,包括但不限于聚醚330N、聚醚2000、聚醚1000等。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述聚氨酯预聚体的NCO含量为1-5%。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述多功能墙板中,所述改性异氰酸酯占2-3份。
根据本发明的一些优选方面,所述多功能墙板通过如下方法制备而得:按配方称取各原料,首先,将所述水泥与所述改性异氰酸酯混合,然后依次加入水、砂、硅灰、纤维、水性纳米级炭黑、减水剂、膨胀剂、粉煤灰,并在加入的过程中持续搅拌;其次,在搅拌的过程中再加入发泡剂,最后浇铸于模具中,养护,制成所述多功能墙板。
根据本发明的一些具体方面,所述纤维由防火纤维、玄武岩纤维和PP纤维混合制得。
本发明提供的又一技术方案:一种上述所述的多功能墙板的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)制备改性异氰酸酯;
(2)制备多功能墙板:
按配方称取各原料,首先,将所述水泥与所述改性异氰酸酯混合,然后依次加入水、砂、硅灰、纤维、水性纳米级炭黑、减水剂、膨胀剂、粉煤灰,并在加入的过程中持续搅拌;其次,在搅拌的过程中再加入发泡剂,最后浇铸于模具中,养护,制成所述多功能墙板。
由于以上技术方案的采用,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
本发明通过采用特定的改性异氰酸酯,仅以少量的质量份既能够实现墙板优异的水汽阻隔性能,替代传统的较贵的增稠保水剂,有利于防范使用过程中渗水现象的发生,同时还能够兼具传统的防火、隔热、隔音、防震、抗冲击等性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对上述方案做进一步说明;应理解,这些实施例是用于说明本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点,而本发明不受以下实施例的范围限制;实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据具体要求做进一步调整,未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。
实施例1
本实施例提供多功能墙板,以质量份数计,其包括如下成分:水泥:480份;改性异氰酸酯2份;粉煤灰:144份;砂:24份;硅灰:14.4份;纤维:7.2份;水性纳米级炭黑:3.84份;减水剂:4.8份;膨胀剂:2.88份;发泡剂:4.8份;水:264份。
其制备方法如下:
(1)制备改性异氰酸酯:
(1-1)端羟基石墨烯的制备:将10份氧化石墨烯与100份聚醚1000混合后在100份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声分散,再置于110-130℃下搅拌并冷凝回流25-35h,洗涤抽滤,干燥,制成;
(1-2)将22份聚醚330N真空脱水后在80℃下与8.3份甲苯二异氰酸酯反应,直至反应体系中NCO含量为2%,然后加入1份按照步骤(1-1)方法制备的端羟基石墨烯,反应3h,制成;
(2)制备多功能墙板:
按配方称取各原料,首先,将所述水泥与所述按照步骤(1)方法制备的改性异氰酸酯混合,然后依次加入水、砂、硅灰、纤维、水性纳米级炭黑、减水剂、膨胀剂、粉煤灰,并在加入的过程中持续搅拌;其次,在搅拌的过程中再加入发泡剂,最后浇铸于模具中,养护,制成所述多功能墙板。
实施例2
本实施例提供多功能墙板,以质量份数计,其包括如下成分:水泥:500份;改性异氰酸酯2.5份;粉煤灰:150份;砂:25份;硅灰:15份;纤维:7.8份;水性纳米级炭黑:4份;减水剂:5份;膨胀剂:3份;发泡剂:5份;水:285份。
其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例提供多功能墙板,以质量份数计,其包括如下成分:水泥:530份;改性异氰酸酯3份;粉煤灰:144份;砂:26份;硅灰:15.4份;纤维:8份;水性纳米级炭黑:4.2份;减水剂:5.2份;膨胀剂:3.1份;发泡剂:5.2份;水:320份。
其制备方法其制备方法同实施例1。
本发明通过采用特定的改性异氰酸酯,仅以少量的质量份既能够实现墙板优异的水汽阻隔性能,替代传统的较贵的增稠保水剂,有利于防范使用过程中渗水现象的发生,同时还能够兼具传统的防火、隔热、隔音、防震、抗冲击等性能。具体地:1)绿色环保 建筑节能:泡沫混凝土墙板所使用的原材料100%不含对人体有害的物质、无辐射物质,主要成分均为无机材料,本身具有不燃性,不会产生烟气和毒气,也不会爆裂,彻底舍弃陶粒、聚苯颗粒、硅酸钙板传统墙板上的使用,真正做成了节能环保零排放的绿色墙板。2)防火性能卓越:泡沫混凝土墙板耐火极高,在1000摄氏度的高温下,耐火极限超过8小时,而且不散发有毒气体,不燃性能达到国家A1级标准。3)隔音性能好:泡沫混凝土墙板隔音性可达45dB隔音效果,其优良的隔声性能,优于一般砌体,使用户免受墙外噪声的干扰,而备受欢迎。4)抗震抗弯性能好:抗震:泡沫混凝土墙板重量仅 58-88 kg/m²,与同样厚度的水泥砌块和红砖墙比较, 重量仅为其三到四分之一,减轻梁柱的荷载,同时又提高了抗震级别,特别适用于地震多发地区。抗弯:泡沫混凝土墙板抗冲击性能是一般砌体的1.5 倍。5)防潮耐水性强:墙体都需考虑防水、防潮、防霉。而泡沫混凝土墙板墙体防水性好,强度高,防潮,不易变形,无需做其他处理,直接做下一道工序即可。6)隔热保温效果好:墙壁的温度直接影响到人体与房间的辐射换热,泡沫混凝土墙板的导热系数仅为0.146W/m²•K能满足自保温墙体的要求,解决了砌块墙体保温隔热效果差的缺陷,并且符合国家现行的分户计量供暖的要求。7)施工简单快捷:装配式施工,节省人工,墙板可任意切割调整宽度,缩短5倍工期减少施工现场污染和噪音、节约人力,加快施工速度。完全干作业,大大减少了施工现场的湿作业。8)可钉挂/切割/开槽布线:泡沫混凝土墙板,握钉力强,可以直接打钉或上膨胀螺栓进行吊挂重物,如空调机等,单点吊挂力在100KG以上;解决了轻质墙体不能吊挂重物的问题,而且墙板的面板表面平整光滑不会产生粉尘,可直接粘贴瓷砖、墙纸、木饰板等材料作饰面处理。9)增大使用面积:以传统的砖墙为例,分户隔墙厚度须达到200mm-240mm方而轻质墙体为90mm厚度,以100m²户型为例,可增加用户实用面积约5m²左右,即增大了户内空间又提高了经济效益。10)经济实惠:泡沫混凝土墙板减少了结构造价,增大使用面积,施工便捷,加快施工进度,节约工程总造价15-30%。节约省下的造价基本可以购买轻质隔墙,真正的免费墙体。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种多功能墙板,以质量份数计,其包括如下成分:水泥:480~550份;粉煤灰:144~165份;砂:24~27.5份;硅灰:14.4~16.5份;纤维:7.2~8.25份;水性纳米级炭黑:3.84~4.4份;减水剂:4.8~5.5份;膨胀剂:2.88~3.3份;发泡剂:4.8~5.5份;水:264~330份;其特征在于,所述多功能墙板还包括1-5份的改性异氰酸酯,所述改性异氰酸酯由聚氨酯预聚体和端羟基石墨烯反应制成,所述聚氨酯预聚体与所述端羟基石墨烯的投料质量比为20-50∶1,所述聚氨酯预聚体的NCO含量为1-5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯预聚体与所述端羟基石墨烯的投料质量比为30-40∶1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述端羟基石墨烯通过如下方法制备而得:将氧化石墨烯与聚醚多元醇混合后在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声分散,再置于110-130℃下搅拌并冷凝回流25-35h,洗涤抽滤,干燥,制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯预聚体由多元醇与异氰酸酯反应制成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯和/或三异氰酸酯,所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述多功能墙板中,所述改性异氰酸酯占2-3份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述多功能墙板通过如下方法制备而得:按配方称取各原料,首先,将所述水泥与所述改性异氰酸酯混合,然后依次加入水、砂、硅灰、纤维、水性纳米级炭黑、减水剂、膨胀剂、粉煤灰,并在加入的过程中持续搅拌;其次,在搅拌的过程中再加入发泡剂,最后浇铸于模具中,养护,制成所述多功能墙板。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多功能墙板,其特征在于,所述纤维由防火纤维、玄武岩纤维和PP纤维混合制得。
9.一种权利要求1-8中任一项权利要求所述的多功能墙板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)制备改性异氰酸酯;
(2)制备多功能墙板:
按配方称取各原料,首先,将所述水泥与所述改性异氰酸酯混合,然后依次加入水、砂、硅灰、纤维、水性纳米级炭黑、减水剂、膨胀剂、粉煤灰,并在加入的过程中持续搅拌;其次,在搅拌的过程中再加入发泡剂,最后浇铸于模具中,养护,制成所述多功能墙板。
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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106995293A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-01 漳州市万可涂节能建材科技有限公司 多功能墙板制备方法
CN107903803A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-04-13 烟台市顺达聚氨酯有限责任公司 一种冷库用高水汽阻隔聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106995293A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-01 漳州市万可涂节能建材科技有限公司 多功能墙板制备方法
CN107903803A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-04-13 烟台市顺达聚氨酯有限责任公司 一种冷库用高水汽阻隔聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法

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