CN110643932B - Treatment process for improving corrosion resistance of steel structure - Google Patents
Treatment process for improving corrosion resistance of steel structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110643932B CN110643932B CN201910910522.8A CN201910910522A CN110643932B CN 110643932 B CN110643932 B CN 110643932B CN 201910910522 A CN201910910522 A CN 201910910522A CN 110643932 B CN110643932 B CN 110643932B
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/48—Nitriding
- C23C8/50—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure surface treatment, in particular to a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure, which comprises six steps of surface cleaning, surface salt bath treatment, laser cladding protective layer, base material heat treatment, plasma coating composite outer layer and composite coating heat treatment; the surface nitriding, the cladding anode protection layer and the spraying composite outer layer are combined to treat the surface of the steel structure, and the cladding protection layer and the surface sprayed with the composite outer layer are subjected to corresponding surface heat treatment processes, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel structure is greatly improved, and the strength and the toughness of the steel structure are improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure surface treatment, in particular to a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure.
Background
The steel structure is a structure formed by steel materials, is one of main building structure types, has a series of advantages of high strength, light dead weight, good integral rigidity, strong deformation resistance and the like, and is used for building large-span, ultrahigh and extra-heavy buildings. The steel structure building is a large permanent building generally, service life is long, and service life of the steel structure needs to be prolonged as far as possible. Two main factors that influence the life of steel construction building at present are the corrosion resistance and the heat-resisting fire behavior of steel construction respectively, and the heat-resisting fire behavior of steel construction can avoid through strengthening people's fire prevention consciousness, but its corrosion resistance is the problem that the steel construction must face in the use, can't avoid. The corrosion resistance of the steel structure therefore plays a crucial role in the service life of the steel structure.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel structure, people perform surface treatment on the steel structure by various methods to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel structure. The steel structure surface coating and the steel structure surface carburizing technology are included, but the corrosion resistance is not obviously improved, or the corrosion resistance is improved at the expense of the strength and the toughness of the structural steel. Aiming at the defects of the process for improving the corrosion resistance of the steel structure, the invention provides a treatment process capable of greatly improving the corrosion resistance of the steel structure under the condition of not influencing the strength, toughness and other properties of the steel structure, and the technical problem to be solved is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of designing a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure so as to solve the problem that the strength and toughness of the steel structure are reduced while the corrosion resistance of the steel structure is greatly improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking a steel structure substrate, removing oil stain on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing a surface oxide layer by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 20-40 min, then putting the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with cyanate for nitriding for 30-50 min, wherein the nitriding temperature is 560-570 ℃, when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is lowered to a half, directly adding oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, then oxidizing for 20-30 min at 320-340 ℃, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding in an argon protective atmosphere, wherein the laser power is 300-500W, the scanning speed is 8-15 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 60-100 g/min, and the argon flow is 30-45L/min;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 40-60 min at the temperature of 260-300 ℃, then cooling to 120-150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of Cr, 30-32 parts of V, 8-10 parts of Ti and 2-5 parts of nano SiO21-2 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 15-30 g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.12-0.15 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 20-26 min at the temperature of 600-640 ℃, and then annealing at low temperature to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Preferably, the steel structural substrate is one of carbon structural steels Q195, Q215, Q235 and Q275.
Preferably, the cyanate in the step (2) is the first one of potassium cyanate and sodium cyanate, and the oxide salt is composed of 42% of Na by mass2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2The composition of (1).
Preferably, the thickness of the protective layer of the laser cladding in the step (3) is 0.5-0.7 mm.
Preferably, the optimal parts by weight of the components of the composite powder in the step (5) are as follows: 46 parts of Cr, 32 parts of V, 8 parts of Ti and 4 parts of nano SiO21.6 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y.
Preferably, the cooling mode of the low-temperature annealing in the step (6) is air cooling.
Has the advantages that:
(1) compared with the existing simple steel structure surface coating or steel structure surface carburizing process, the invention combines surface nitriding, cladding anode protection layer and spraying composite outer layer to treat the steel structure surface, and simultaneously performs corresponding surface heat treatment processes on the surfaces of the cladding protection layer and the sprayed composite outer layer, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel structure is greatly improved, and the properties of the steel structure, such as strength, toughness and the like, are not reduced, even are improved to a certain extent.
(2) According to the invention, the surface salt bath treatment, the laser cladding protection layer and the substrate heat treatment are combined on the substrate with the cleaned surface, the nitriding temperature is strictly controlled to be 560-570 ℃ and the oxidation temperature is strictly controlled to be 320-340 ℃ in the surface salt bath treatment process, so that N, C atoms on the surface of the substrate can be diffused inwards to form a corrosion-resistant iron-nitrogen compound with a concentration gradient, and an alpha-Fe solid solution can be formed, so that the substrate is subjected to solid solution strengthening, and the strength, toughness and other properties of the substrate are improved. And then the base material treated by the salt bath is put into water for low-temperature quenching, so that crystal grains on the surface of the base material can be broken, the strength of the base material is further improved, the laser cladding zinc layer after quenching not only enables the surface of the base material to be coated with an anode protective layer, but also enables the surface temperature of the base material to be sharply increased in the laser cladding process, the inner layer temperature is lower, a large temperature difference is formed, so that a large amount of dislocation occurs between inner and outer layer crystal grains, the strength of metal is enhanced, finally, the base material after laser cladding is subjected to air cooling after heat preservation at low temperatures of 260-300 ℃ and 120-150 ℃ respectively, the quenching stress generated during low-temperature quenching can be completely eliminated.
(3) The invention carries out plasma spraying on the heat-treated substrate to form a composite outer layer, wherein each component of the outer layer powder forms a passivation layer with good compactness after spraying according to reasonable proportion, thus effectively preventing the substrate from erosion during long-time use, and a small amount of nano SiO in the passivation layer2And the nano Cu can promote the passivation layer to develop towards the direction of compactness, the compactness of the passivation layer is greatly improved, the composite coating is subjected to heat treatment at last, the temperature is controlled to be 600-640 ℃, the protective layer on the inner side of the passivation layer is melted into a flowing state, the inner side of the passivation layer is fused with the molten protective layer, the adhesive force of the passivation layer and the base material is greatly enhanced, and the outer surface of the passivation layer is enabled to be more smooth.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking carbon structural steel Q235 as a base material, removing oil stains on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing an oxide layer on the surface by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a rough wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 30min, then placing the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with sodium cyanate, nitriding at 568 ℃ for 40min, and directly adding 42% Na when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is observed to be reduced to a half2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2Oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, oxidizing at 330 ℃ for 24min, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding under the protection atmosphere of argon, wherein the laser power is 460W, the scanning speed is 12mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 88g/min, and the argon flow is 40L/min, so as to obtain a laser cladding protective layer with the thickness of 0.6 mm;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45min at the temperature of 285 ℃, then cooling to 140 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out, and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Cr, 32 parts of V, 8 parts of Ti and 4 parts of nano SiO21.6 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 22g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.13 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving the heat for 22min at the temperature of 630 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Example 2: a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking carbon structural steel Q215 as a base material, removing oil stains on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing an oxide layer on the surface by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a rough wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 20min, then placing the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with sodium cyanate, nitriding at 570 ℃ for 50min, and directly adding 42% Na when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is observed to be reduced to a half2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2Oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, oxidizing at 340 ℃ for 30min, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding under the protection atmosphere of argon, wherein the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 60g/min, and the argon flow is 30L/min, so as to obtain a laser cladding protective layer with the thickness of 0.5 mm;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 40min at the temperature of 300 ℃, then cooling to 150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out and air-cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Cr, 32 parts of V, 8 parts of Ti and 4 parts of nano SiO21.6 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 22g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.13 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to the plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving the heat for 26min at the temperature of 620 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Example 3: a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking carbon structural steel Q195 as a base material, removing oil stains on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing a surface oxide layer by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a rough wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 40min, then placing the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with potassium cyanate, nitriding at 560 ℃ for 30min, and directly adding 42% Na when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is observed to be reduced to a half2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2Oxidizing salt until the bath surface is the same as the initial bath surface in height, oxidizing at 320 ℃ for 20min, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding in the protective atmosphere of argon, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 80g/min, and the argon flow is 40L/min, so as to obtain a laser cladding protective layer with the thickness of 0.68 mm;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 40min at the temperature of 260 ℃, then cooling to 120 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out, and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Cr, 32 parts of V, 8 parts of Ti and 4 parts of nano SiO21.6 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 15g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.12 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to the plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving the heat for 26min at the temperature of 600 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Example 4: a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking carbon structural steel Q275 as a base material, removing oil stains on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing an oxide layer on the surface by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a rough wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 35min, then placing the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with potassium cyanate, nitriding at 565 ℃ for 45min, and directly adding 42% Na when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is observed to be reduced to a half2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2Oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, oxidizing at 335 deg.C for 30min, quenching the oxidized steel structure base material in water at low temperature, and cleaning to remove the excessive impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding under the protection atmosphere of argon, wherein the laser power is 500W, the scanning speed is 15mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 100g/min, and the argon flow is 45L/min, so as to obtain a laser cladding protective layer with the thickness of 0.7 mm;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 40min at the temperature of 280 ℃, then cooling to 140 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out, and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Cr, 32 parts of V, 8 parts of Ti and 4 parts of nano SiO21.6 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 22g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.13 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to the plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving the heat for 20min at the temperature of 640 ℃, and then cooling the steel structure base material in air to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Example 5: a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking carbon structural steel Q235 as a base material, removing oil stains on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing an oxide layer on the surface by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a rough wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 30min, then placing the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with sodium cyanate, nitriding at 568 ℃ for 40min, and directly adding 42% Na when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is observed to be reduced to a half2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2Oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, oxidizing at 330 ℃ for 24min, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding under the protection atmosphere of argon, wherein the laser power is 460W, the scanning speed is 12mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 88g/min, and the argon flow is 40L/min, so as to obtain a laser cladding protective layer with the thickness of 0.6 mm;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45min at the temperature of 285 ℃, then cooling to 140 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out, and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of Cr, 30 parts of V, 10 parts of Ti and 2 parts of nano SiO21 part of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, and the spray distance of plasma spraying220mm, powder feeding amount of 22g/min and composite coating thickness of 0.13 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving the heat for 22min at the temperature of 630 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Example 6: a treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking carbon structural steel Q235 as a base material, removing oil stains on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing an oxide layer on the surface by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a rough wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 30min, then placing the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with sodium cyanate, nitriding at 568 ℃ for 40min, and directly adding 42% Na when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is observed to be reduced to a half2CO328% NaNO3 and 30% NaNO2Oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, oxidizing at 330 ℃ for 24min, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding under the protection atmosphere of argon, wherein the laser power is 460W, the scanning speed is 12mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 88g/min, and the argon flow is 40L/min, so as to obtain a laser cladding protective layer with the thickness of 0.6 mm;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 45min at the temperature of 285 ℃, then cooling to 140 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out, and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: and (3) spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machine, wherein the composite powder for spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 portions of Cr,32 parts of V, 10 parts of Ti and 5 parts of nano SiO22 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 22g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.13 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving the heat for 22min at the temperature of 630 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
Comparative group 1:
comparative group 1 compared to example 1, step (2) was omitted; the process steps are otherwise the same.
Comparative group 2:
in comparison with example 1, comparative group 2 was prepared by omitting step (4) and was prepared by the same method except for the above.
Comparative group 3:
compared with the embodiment 1, the composite powder in the step (5) is changed into Cr and V metal powder with equal mass, and the weight ratio of the Cr to the V is 1: 1, the process steps are otherwise identical.
Comparative group 4:
in comparison with example 1, comparative group 4 was prepared by omitting step (5) and was prepared by the same method except for the above.
Blank control group: untreated plain carbon structural steel Q235.
In order to compare the great improvement of the corrosion resistance, the strength and the toughness of the steel structure treated by the method, the following experiments are carried out on the corrosion resistance, the strength and the toughness of the steel structure:
testing steel structures of 1 to 4 control groups and blank control groups according to GB/T10125-1997 salt spray test for artificial atmosphere corrosion test, wherein the test solution is 65g/L NaCl aqueous solution, the pH is = 6.5-7.2, the test temperature is 35 ℃, the test time is 30 days, finally, the sample is washed by absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, dried to constant weight and weighed, and the mass loss rate W is calculated, wherein the recorded data are as shown in Table 1:
wherein W = (M1-M2)/M1 × 100%, wherein M1 is the initial weight, and M2 is the post-test weight.
The strength and impact toughness of the steel structures of examples 1 to 4 and the blank control were measured at 20 ℃ and 0 ℃ respectively, and the data were recorded as in table 1.
| Item | Mass loss rate W/%) | Strength at 20 ℃ per MPa | 0 ℃ impact work/J |
| Example 1 | 0.89 | 247.8 | 31.5 |
| Example 2 | 0.87 | 228.3 | 32.7 |
| Example 3 | 0.92 | 210.2 | 34.3 |
| Example 4 | 0.89 | 281.4 | 28.4 |
| Example 5 | 0.86 | 245.5 | 32.4 |
| Example 6 | 0.94 | 246.1 | 31.9 |
| Comparative group 1 | 3.78 | 230.9 | 35.6 |
| Comparative group 2 | 1.03 | 224.9 | 26.2 |
| Comparative group 3 | 5.85 | 241.0 | 32.0 |
| Comparative group 4 | 0.98 | 233.7 | 26.7 |
| Blank control group | 19.6 | 235.6 | 30.2 |
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the corrosion resistance of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention is greatly improved, and meanwhile, by comparing the strength and toughness of examples 1, 5 and 6 with the blank control group, the base material of Q235 has not only no decrease in strength and toughness, but also a certain enhancement.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: taking a steel structure substrate, removing oil stain on the surface by using a metal cleaning agent, drying, removing a surface oxide layer by using a mechanical polishing mode, and polishing the metal surface by using a wheel until the metal luster is exposed;
(2) surface salt bath treatment: preheating the steel structure base material obtained in the step (1) for 20-40 min, then putting the preheated steel structure base material into a salt bath boiler filled with cyanate for nitriding for 30-50 min, wherein the nitriding temperature is 560-570 ℃, when the bath surface in the salt bath boiler is lowered to a half, directly adding oxidizing salt until the bath surface is at the same height as the initial bath surface, then oxidizing for 20-30 min at 320-340 ℃, finally putting the oxidized steel structure base material into water for low-temperature quenching, and cleaning and removing the redundant impurity salt on the surface;
(3) laser cladding protective layer: putting the steel structure substrate treated in the step (2) into a laser cladding machine, adding sufficient zinc powder into a laser melting pool, and carrying out surface laser cladding in an argon protective atmosphere, wherein the laser power is 300-500W, the scanning speed is 8-15 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 60-100 g/min, and the argon flow is 30-45L/min;
(4) heat treatment of the base material: putting the steel structure base material cladded in the step (3) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 40-60 min at the temperature of 260-300 ℃, then cooling to 120-150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 30min, taking out and air cooling to normal temperature;
(5) plasma spraying of the composite outer layer: spraying the composite powder on the surface of the steel structure base material obtained in the step (4) by using an SX-80 type plasma spraying machineThe composite powder for medium spraying comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of Cr, 30-32 parts of V, 8-10 parts of Ti and 2-5 parts of nano SiO21-2 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y, wherein the spraying distance of plasma spraying is 220mm, the powder feeding amount is 15-30 g/min, and the thickness of the composite coating is 0.12-0.15 mm;
(6) heat treatment of the composite coating: and (4) placing the steel structure base material subjected to plasma spraying in the step (5) into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 20-26 min at the temperature of 600-640 ℃, and then annealing at low temperature to normal temperature to obtain the steel structure base material.
2. The treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure according to claim 1, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: the steel structure base material is one of carbon structural steels Q195, Q215, Q235 and Q275.
3. The treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure according to claim 1, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: the cyanate in the step (2) is the first one of potassium cyanate and sodium cyanate, and the oxide salt is composed of 42% of Na by mass2CO3、28%NaNO3And 30% NaNO2The composition of (1).
4. The treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure according to claim 1, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: the thickness of the protective layer for laser cladding in the step (3) is 0.5-0.7 mm.
5. The treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure according to claim 1, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: the composite powder in the step (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Cr, 32 parts of V, 8 parts of Ti and 4 parts of nano SiO21.6 parts of nano Cu and 0.5 part of Y.
6. The treatment process for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel structure according to claim 1, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: and (4) cooling the low-temperature annealing in the step (6) by air cooling.
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Denomination of invention: A treatment process for improving corrosion resistance of steel structures Effective date of registration: 20221108 Granted publication date: 20210205 Pledgee: Hanshan Tongda Financing Guarantee Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: MAANSHAN SANCHUAN MACHINERY MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980021045 |