CN110633292A - Query method, device, medium, equipment and system for heterogeneous database - Google Patents
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- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
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Abstract
The invention relates to a query method of a heterogeneous database, which comprises the following steps: receiving a structured query statement input by a user for querying data stored in a heterogeneous database, the heterogeneous database comprising a plurality of databases and wherein a query language of at least one database is different from a structured query language; determining one or more target databases from the heterogeneous databases, the data of the target databases containing the target content type specified in the structured query statement; for each target database, converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on the query language of the target database; query operations are performed on the respective target databases using respective query statements based on the respective target database query languages. In the invention, the user does not need to master the storage arrangement of each database in the heterogeneous database and the query language of each database in the heterogeneous database, thereby saving a large amount of learning cost. The invention also relates to a query device, medium, equipment and system of the heterogeneous database.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of databases, and particularly relates to a method, a device, a medium, equipment and a system for querying a heterogeneous database.
Background
In the prior art, a combination of multiple databases is often used to store mass data, specifically, data to be stored in the various databases are arranged according to the characteristics of the various databases, and this way can fully utilize the advantages of the various databases to improve the efficiency of querying mass data. However, since the query languages supported by various databases may be different, the way of storing data by using heterogeneous databases may increase the query trouble, and redefining a domain-specific language for unified query may bring new learning cost.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve all or part of the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, comprising:
receiving a structured query statement input by a user, wherein the structured query statement is used for querying data stored in heterogeneous databases, the heterogeneous databases comprise a plurality of databases, and the query language of at least one database in the heterogeneous databases is different from the structured query language;
determining one or more target databases from the heterogeneous databases, data of the target databases containing the target content type specified in the structured query statement;
for each of the target databases, converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on a query language of the target database;
and executing query operation on each target database by using each query statement based on the query language of each target database.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
and responding to the input of the received structured query statement, judging whether the operation to be carried out by the structured query statement belongs to the operation of changing the data and/or the configuration of the heterogeneous database, and if so, rejecting the operation of the structured query statement.
In one possible implementation, the one or more target databases are determined by querying metadata of the heterogeneous databases based on the target content type specified in the structured query statement.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
obtaining target metadata from metadata of the heterogeneous databases, the target metadata defining a structure of objects used by each of the target databases to store data of the target content type;
analyzing the structured query statement to obtain an SQL syntax tree;
for each target database, converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on a query language of the target database according to the target metadata and the SQL syntax tree.
In a possible implementation manner, the method further includes directly outputting the query result returned by each target database.
In a possible implementation manner, the method further includes performing further operations on the query result returned by each target database, and outputting the results, where the operations include sorting, summing, averaging, maximizing and/or minimizing.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, including:
the interaction module is used for receiving a structured query statement input by a user, wherein the structured query statement is used for querying data stored in heterogeneous databases, the heterogeneous databases comprise a plurality of databases, and the query language of at least one database in the heterogeneous databases is different from the structured query language;
the control module is used for determining one or more target databases from the heterogeneous databases, wherein the data of the target databases comprise the target content types specified in the structured query statement;
a translation module that, for each of the target databases, converts the structured query statement into a query statement in a query language based on the target database;
and the query module is used for executing query operation on each target database by using each query statement based on the query language of each target database.
In one possible implementation, the control module is further configured to:
and responding to the input of the received structured query statement, judging whether the operation to be carried out by the structured query statement belongs to the operation of changing the data and/or the configuration of the heterogeneous database, and if so, rejecting the operation of the structured query statement.
In one possible implementation, the control module determines the one or more target databases by querying metadata of the heterogeneous databases based on the target content type specified in the structured query statement.
In one possible implementation, the control module is further configured to obtain target metadata from metadata of the heterogeneous databases, the target metadata defining a structure of an object used by each of the target databases to store data of the target content type;
the translation module is further configured to parse the structured query statement to obtain an SQL syntax tree, and for each target database, convert the structured query statement into a query statement based on a query language of the target database according to the target metadata and the SQL syntax tree.
In a possible implementation manner, the interaction module is further configured to directly output a query result returned by each target database.
In a possible implementation manner, the interaction module is further configured to output a result obtained by performing further operations on the query result returned by each target database through the control module, where the operations include sorting, summing, total number calculation, mean value calculation, maximum value calculation, and/or minimum value calculation.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a non-volatile storage medium having stored thereon a program for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, the program being executable by a computer to implement any of the methods for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language as described above.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, comprising:
a memory storing a program executable by a computer for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language; and
a processor connected to the memory and configured to execute the program for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language to implement the method of querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language of any one of claims 1 to 6.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a system for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, including any one of the above-mentioned apparatuses for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language.
In the invention, a real data source (target database) is queried based on the target data type specified by the structured query statement, so that a user does not need to master the storage arrangement of each database in the heterogeneous database; in addition, by converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on the query language of each database, the user does not need to master the query language of each database in the heterogeneous database, and a large amount of learning cost is saved.
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FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a heterogeneous database query system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates one example of a query method for a heterogeneous database according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows an example of an SQL syntax tree for a structured query statement, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended that features of the invention be limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a heterogeneous database query system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heterogeneous database query system includes a user 100, a heterogeneous database query apparatus 200, and a heterogeneous database (not shown in the figure) which is a set of a plurality of databases. Here, the heterogeneous database is used to store data, and particularly, mass data having various content types, for example, personal information data of a user, order data, website data, and the like. The "heterogeneity" of heterogeneous databases is realized by the fact that the types and query languages of the various databases constituting the heterogeneous databases are not identical, i.e., the query language of at least one database in the heterogeneous databases is different from the SQL query language. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the heterogeneous databases may include an Oracle database 300a that uses SQL statements for data queries, an Elastic Search database 300b that supports data indexing using JSON over HTTP, and a MongoDB database 300c that uses find () statements for data queries. According to embodiments of the invention, the heterogeneous databases may include other numbers of other types of databases and are not limited to the form shown in FIG. 1.
When data is stored in heterogeneous databases, the data to be stored in each database can be flexibly arranged according to the self characteristics of each database and the content type of the data. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the storage arrangement of each database in the heterogeneous databases is transparent to the user 100, in other words, the user 100 does not need to know which content type data are stored by each database and how the data are stored in each database. Therefore, when querying a heterogeneous database, the user 100 can specify the content type of the data to be queried through the FROM clause in the structured query statement without specifying the specific data source to be queried through the FROM clause.
As shown in fig. 1, the heterogeneous database query apparatus 200 includes an interaction module 201, a control module 202, a translation module 203, and a query module 204. The interaction module 201 is configured to receive the structured query statement input by the user 100 and also configured to output a query result corresponding to the structured query statement input by the user 100 to the user, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the interaction module 201 may be embodied as an interaction interface displayed on a device screen of the user 100, which may receive the input structured query statement from the user 100 through an input device of the user 100. The control module 202 is configured to determine one or more target databases containing data of the target content type specified in the structured query statement input by the user 100, and also to limit modification operations of the heterogeneous databases by the user 100 to protect data stored by the heterogeneous databases. The translation module 203 is used to convert the structured query statement input by the user 100 into a respective query statement based on the query language of the respective target database. The query module 204 is communicatively coupled to respective ones of the heterogeneous databases for performing query operations on the respective target databases using respective query statements based on query languages of the respective target databases.
Fig. 2 shows an example of a query method of a heterogeneous database according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes a method for querying a heterogeneous database through a heterogeneous database query apparatus 200 with reference to fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the query method of the heterogeneous database includes:
block 201: receiving, BY the interaction module 201, a structured query statement input BY the user 100, WHERE a FROM clause in the structured query statement specifies a target content type (which may specify one or more target content types) of data to be queried, and optionally, the structured query statement may further include other query conditions specified BY a WHERE clause, an ORDER BY clause, a GROUP BY clause, and a havingclause;
block 202: through the control module 202, it is determined whether an operation to be performed by the structured query statement input by the user 100 belongs to an operation for changing data and/or configuration in the heterogeneous database, such as a delete operation, an insert operation, an update operation, and the like, if so, the operation to be performed by the structured query statement is rejected in a block 203, and if not, the block 204 is continued;
in an example, the control module 202 may determine whether a statement type of the structured query statement is a SELECT statement, and if not, reject an operation to be performed by the structured query statement;
block 203: rejecting operations to be performed by the structured query statement through the interaction module 201;
and a block 204: determining, by the control module 202, one or more target databases containing data of a target content type;
in one example, when importing data into each database of the heterogeneous databases, metadata related to each database is generated, the metadata defining various content types of the data stored by each database and structures of objects used for storing the data of the various content types, for example, for the Oracle database 300a, the metadata includes data indicating that the content type stored by the Oracle database 300a is personal information and data defining structures of tables used for storing the data of the content type is personal information (for example, table names, field types, foreign key constraints, and the like);
the control module 202 may determine, based on the target content type specified in the structured query statement, one or more target databases containing data of the target content type by querying metadata of the heterogeneous databases;
block 205: obtaining, by the control module 202, target metadata from metadata of the heterogeneous databases, the target metadata defining a structure of an object used by each target database to store data of the target content type;
and a block 206: parsing the structured query statement into an SQL syntax tree by the translation module 203;
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an SQL syntax tree of a structured query statement according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a Select statement is shown to include a From clause and a Where clause and specifies a field Fields to be queried, and the field Fields, the content type ContentType specified by the From clause and the selection Conditions specified by the Where clause can be parsed layer by layer as shown in the figure when generating the syntax tree of the Select statement, and in addition, the SQL syntax tree can have other structures based on the structured query statement to be parsed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
block 207: for each target database, converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on the query language of the target database according to the target metadata and the SQL syntax tree through the translation module 203;
in the example of fig. 3, assuming that the target database includes the Elastic Search database 300b, the translation module 203 converts the structured query statement into a query statement based on the Elastic Search syntax, which may include, but is not limited to, adding a name of an object in the Elastic Search database storing data of the target type (obtained from the target metadata), converting a syntax key (e.g., convert Select, Where, and into a query, pool, and mux, respectively, in the Elastic Search syntax), converting a specified field name into a field name defined in an object in the Elastic Search database storing data of the target type (obtained from the target metadata), and so on;
block 208: executing, by the query module, a query operation on each target database using each query statement based on the query language of each target database;
block 209: receiving, by the query module 201, query results returned by each target database, and outputting (e.g., displaying), by the interaction module 201, the query results returned by each target database;
if the data queried by the user 100 is not statistical data, the query result returned by each target database can be directly output (e.g., displayed) through the interaction module 201; if the data queried by the user 100 is statistical data, since the data of the target content type may be stored in a plurality of target databases, the control module 202 is further required to perform further operations on the query result returned by each target database, where the operations include sorting, summing, averaging, finding a maximum value, finding a minimum value, and/or the like, and then the interaction module 201 outputs the query result processed by the control module 202.
In the embodiment of the invention, a user does not need to master the storage arrangement of each database in the heterogeneous databases, only needs to specify the target type of data to be queried and other query conditions through a structured query statement, and then a control module determines a real data source (target database) to be queried by the user and the structure of an object used for storing the data of the target type in the real data source; in addition, the translation module converts the structured query statement into the query statement based on the query language of each database, so that a user does not need to master the query language of each database in the heterogeneous database, and a large amount of learning cost is saved.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a non-volatile storage medium having stored thereon a program for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, the program being executed by a computer to implement the above-described method for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, including:
a memory storing a program executable by a computer for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language; and
a processor connected to the memory and configured to execute a program for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language to implement the above-described method for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method and apparatus may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be physically included alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.
The integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The software functional unit is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute some steps of the transceiving method according to various embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof, and that no limitation of the invention is intended thereby. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, comprising:
receiving a structured query statement input by a user, wherein the structured query statement is used for querying data stored in heterogeneous databases, the heterogeneous databases comprise a plurality of databases, and the query language of at least one database in the heterogeneous databases is different from the structured query language;
determining one or more target databases from the heterogeneous databases, data of the target databases containing the target content type specified in the structured query statement;
for each of the target databases, converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on a query language of the target database;
and executing query operation on each target database by using each query statement based on the query language of each target database.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and responding to the input of the received structured query statement, judging whether the operation to be carried out by the structured query statement belongs to the operation of changing the data and/or the configuration of the heterogeneous database, and if so, rejecting the operation of the structured query statement.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more target databases are determined by querying metadata of the heterogeneous databases based on the target content type specified in the structured query statement.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining target metadata from metadata of the heterogeneous databases, the target metadata defining a structure of objects used by each of the target databases to store data of the target content type;
analyzing the structured query statement to obtain an SQL syntax tree;
for each target database, converting the structured query statement into a query statement based on a query language of the target database according to the target metadata and the SQL syntax tree.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising directly outputting the query result returned by each of the target databases.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising performing further operations on the query result returned by each target database, and outputting the operations, wherein the operations include sorting, summing, totaling, averaging, maximizing and/or minimizing.
7. An apparatus for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, comprising:
the interaction module is used for receiving a structured query statement input by a user, wherein the structured query statement is used for querying data stored in heterogeneous databases, the heterogeneous databases comprise a plurality of databases, and the query language of at least one database in the heterogeneous databases is different from the structured query language;
the control module is used for determining one or more target databases from the heterogeneous databases, wherein the data of the target databases comprise the target content types specified in the structured query statement;
a translation module that, for each of the target databases, converts the structured query statement into a query statement in a query language based on the target database;
and the query module is used for executing query operation on each target database by using each query statement based on the query language of each target database.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to:
and responding to the input of the received structured query statement, judging whether the operation to be carried out by the structured query statement belongs to the operation of changing the data and/or the configuration of the heterogeneous database, and if so, rejecting the operation of the structured query statement.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control module determines the one or more target databases by querying metadata of the heterogeneous databases based on the target content type specified in the structured query statement.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the control module is further configured to obtain target metadata from metadata of the heterogeneous databases, the target metadata defining a structure of an object used by each of the target databases to store data of the target content type;
the translation module is further configured to parse the structured query statement to obtain an SQL syntax tree, and for each target database, convert the structured query statement into a query statement based on a query language of the target database according to the target metadata and the SQL syntax tree.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interaction module is further configured to directly output a query result returned by each of the target databases.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interaction module is further configured to output a result obtained by the control module performing further operations on the query result returned by each of the target databases, and the operations include sorting, summing, counting, averaging, maximizing and/or minimizing.
13. A non-volatile storage medium, on which a program for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language is stored, the program being executed by a computer to implement the method of querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
14. An apparatus for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, comprising:
a memory storing a program executable by a computer for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language; and
a processor connected to the memory and configured to execute the program for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language to implement the method of querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language of any one of claims 1 to 6.
15. A system for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language, comprising the apparatus for querying a heterogeneous database based on a structured query language according to any one of claims 7 to 12.
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