CN110627584A - Cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of increasing rice yield - Google Patents
Cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of increasing rice yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN110627584A CN110627584A CN201911012311.9A CN201911012311A CN110627584A CN 110627584 A CN110627584 A CN 110627584A CN 201911012311 A CN201911012311 A CN 201911012311A CN 110627584 A CN110627584 A CN 110627584A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cold waterlogged paddy field improvement, and particularly relates to a cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of improving the yield of rice. The cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) returning all the rice straws to the field, and applying the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field in a scattering way; (2) turning the soil, forming ridges and making furrows, setting the width of the ridges to be larger than that of the furrows, and applying a chemical fertilizer into the furrows; (3) two rows of rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surface of the ridge and are respectively arranged on two side edges of the ridge surface to form a wide-row and narrow-row alternate planting mode. After the cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method disclosed by the invention is applied, reducing toxic substances in the cold waterlogged paddy field can be reduced, the physical structure of soil is improved, the bioactivity of soluble organic carbon is increased, and the effect of increasing the yield of rice is finally achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cold waterlogged paddy field improvement, and particularly relates to a cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of improving the yield of rice.
Background
The cold waterlogged paddy field with a large area exists in the southern red soil hilly mountain area, due to the reasons of long-term waterlogging, spring gushing and the like, the cold waterlogged paddy field is poor in air permeability and more in reducing toxic substances, although the potential nutrients such as organic carbon are rich, the activity is low, the quick-acting nutrients are insufficient, and the rice yield is influenced due to the low soil temperature after the rice is planted.
Soil conditioners make the soil more suitable for the growth of crops by improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. For example, chinese patent document CN103012015A discloses a soil conditioner for a cold waterlogged paddy field, which comprises two components, i.e. a component a and a component b, wherein the component a is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of furnace dust, 10-15 parts of blast furnace slag, 20-25 parts of attapulgite, 3-5 parts of gypsum, 3-5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 part of zinc sulfate and 0.2-0.5 part of borax; the component B is biomass coke: is prepared by anaerobic carbonization of rice hulls, corn straws and the like at the temperature of 300-450 ℃. When the cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner is applied, the component A is uniformly scattered on the ground surface before land preparation according to the application amount of 300-; the component B is uniformly scattered on the water surface according to 100-200 kg per mu after the end of the rice transplanting. Although the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field can improve the yield of rice after being applied, the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field has more complex components and more inorganic components, can not effectively improve the physical structure and the oxidation-reduction state of the cold waterlogged paddy field, needs to be applied twice, and is inconvenient to use in actual agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of complex cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method, poor air permeability, strong reducibility and low organic carbon activity of the cold waterlogged paddy field in the prior art, thereby providing a cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of improving the yield of rice.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of improving the yield of paddy rice comprises the following steps:
(1) returning all the rice straws to the field, and applying the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field in a scattering way;
(2) turning the soil, forming ridges and making furrows, setting the width of the ridges to be larger than that of the furrows, and applying a chemical fertilizer into the furrows;
(3) and two rows of rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surface of the ridge and are respectively arranged on two side edges of the ridge surface to form a wide-row and narrow-row alternate planting mode.
Furthermore, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, the furrow depth is 8-15 cm, the ridge surface width is 40 cm, and the furrow width is 20 cm.
Preferably, the ridge is 20 cm high and the furrow is 10 cm deep.
Further, the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 47-52% of wormcast, 47-52% of humic acid raw material, 0.4-0.85% of calcium peroxide and 0.15-0.6% of decay microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 49% of wormcast, 50% of humic acid raw material, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum.
Further, the humic acid raw material is weathered coal or turf.
Further, the humic acid content in the weathered coal or turf is more than 45%.
Further, the application amount of the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field is 1500-1590 kg/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field is 1540 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing the humic acid raw material and the wormcast, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
secondly, adding the calcium peroxide and the decomposition microbial inoculum into the mixture while stirring, uniformly stirring, and grinding.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method, after ridging, rice seedlings are planted on two sides of the ridge, fertilizer is applied to the side of the groove and is just positioned near the root area of the rice seedlings, and the effect of applying the fertilizer in a centralized manner at one time is achieved; the rice seedling rows form interlaced wide rows and narrow rows, so that the illumination is sufficient, and the growth of rice is facilitated; after ridging, the oxidation conditions on the ridges are improved compared with those under the ridges, so that the air permeability of the soil is increased, reducing toxic substances are reduced, meanwhile, the ridges are irradiated by much sunlight, the temperature of the soil is increased, and the effect of improving the yield of the rice can be achieved.
2. The soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field comprises wormcast, humic acid fertilizer, calcium peroxide, decay microbial inoculum and other components, can improve the air permeability of the soil, reduce reductive toxic substances and reduce the toxicity of the substances; the modifier can also bring active organic carbon components, improve the physical structure of the soil, promote the decomposition of organic carbon, increase the bioactivity of soluble organic carbon and improve the soil fertility.
3. The cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method adopted by the invention can reduce the application amount of common fertilizers by 20%, the used cold waterlogged paddy field soil improvement agent is cheap and easy to obtain, and the preparation method is simple, has low cost and no pollution to the environment, and is suitable for popularization and use in actual agricultural production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a comparison of test results of the oxidation-reduction potential Eh of the cold waterlogged field in examples of the present invention and comparative examples.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the results of the test of the biological activity index BIX of cold-waterlogged-field-soluble organic carbon in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the test results of chlorophyll value CCI of rice growth index in examples of the present invention and comparative examples.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the results of the rice yield test in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples were commercially available, wherein the humic acid raw material was obtained from a processing plant of vibro-Ying mineral products in Guijiang county, Hebei province, vermicompost was obtained from a cooperative society of animal and poultry manure treatment specialties in Yujiang county, Jiangxi province, calcium peroxide was a commercially available reagent, the decomposition microbial inoculum was a straw decomposition agent from Biotech GmbH, Inc. in Henan Yu Garden, and the fertilizer was a composite fertilizer from Shikefeng chemical, Inc. in Yishi City, Shandong province and a composite fertilizer from Zhongdong chemical, Inc. in Jiangsu province. The test sites were: yujiang county of Jiangxi province; test time: the oxidation-reduction potential of the cold waterlogged paddy field is as follows, from 5 months 1 day in 2019 to 8 months 1 day in 2019: 230 mV.
Example 1
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1500 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 47% of wormcast, 52% of weathered coal, 0.85% of calcium peroxide and 0.15% of decay microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 15 cm, the depth of each furrow is 8 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 2
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1540 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 49% of wormcast, 50% of weathered coal, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 15 cm, the depth of each furrow is 10 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 3
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1540 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 49% of wormcast, 50% of weathered coal, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 10 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 4
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1540 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 49% of wormcast, 50% of weathered coal, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 15 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 5
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1590 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 52% of wormcast, 47% of weathered coal, 0.4% of calcium peroxide and 0.6% of decay microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 15 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 6
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1590 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 47% of wormcast, 52% of weathered coal, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 10 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 7
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1540 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 49% of wormcast, 50% of grass peat, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 15 cm, the depth of each furrow is 10 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 8
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1540 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 49% of wormcast, 50% of grass peat, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 10 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 9
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1500 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 47% of wormcast, 52% of grass peat, 0.4% of calcium peroxide and 0.6% of decay microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 15 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Example 10
The application amount of the local conventional fertilizer is 10kg N/mu (the fertilizer is applied to one-time base application); 1590 kg/mu of cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner (containing 52% of wormcast, 47% of peat, 0.85% of calcium peroxide and 0.15% of decay microbial inoculum); returning all the rice straws to the field.
Smashing the rice straws and returning the smashed rice straws to the field, and completely spreading the soil conditioner in the cold waterlogged paddy field; turning the soil, ridging and making furrows, wherein the height of each ridge is 20 cm, the depth of each furrow is 10 cm, the width of each furrow is 20 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 40 cm, and chemical fertilizer is applied to the furrows; rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surfaces on the two sides of the ridge, and 40 cm is formed between the seedling rows: 20 cm interwoven wide and narrow rows; after transplanting, the irrigation water just submerges the roots of the seedlings.
Comparative example 1
A local conventional fertilizer, a compound fertilizer of chemical engineering gmbh applied in linyi city of Shandong province, N: p2O5：K2O15: 15: 15, the application amount is 13kg N/mu (the fertilizer application is one-time basal application, and the basal fertilizer is tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer which are 6:2:2, and the dosage is calculated according to the N); spreading fertilizer, conventionally ploughing and transplanting rice seedlings.
Comparative example 2
Green energy-gathering compound fertilizer of fertilizer component GmbH of middle east of Jiangsu province is adopted, N: p2O5：K2O18: 10: 12, the application amount is 13kg N/mu (the fertilizer application is the same as the comparative example 1), the fertilizer is broadcast, and the conventional plowing and seedling transplanting are carried out.
And (3) test results:
the effects of the cold-waterlogged field improvement method on cold-waterlogged field soil properties and rice yield were investigated in combination with the experimental results of examples 1-10 (20% reduction in fertilizer application) and comparative examples 1-2, where cold-waterlogged field redox potential was measured using a portable soil Eh rapid tester STEH-200, soluble organic carbon Bioactivity Index (BIX) was measured using a spectrofluorometer (Hitach F-7000) in combination with three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and chlorophyll CCI value was measured using a portable chlorophyll meter CCM-200 plus.
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the results of the test of the oxidation-reduction potential Eh of the cold waterlogged field in examples 1 to 10 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2. As shown in FIG. 1, compared with the conventional fertilization treatments of comparative examples 1 and 2, the application of the cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method of the present invention can raise the oxidation-reduction potential of the cold waterlogged paddy field by 0.5% -33.3%.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the results of the tests of the biological activity indexes of soluble organic carbons in examples 1 to 10 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2. As shown in FIG. 2, compared with the conventional fertilization treatments of comparative examples 1 and 2, the application of the cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method of the present invention can increase the biological activity index of the soluble organic carbon in the soil of the cold waterlogged paddy field by 21.3% -47.0%.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the results of the test of the rice growth index chlorophyll value CCI in examples 1 to 10 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2. As shown in fig. 3, the application of the cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method of the present invention increased the chlorophyll value in rice by 1.1% to 13.3% as compared with the conventional fertilization treatments of comparative examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of test results of rice yields in examples 1 to 10 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2. As shown in FIG. 4, the application of the cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method of the present invention increased the yield of rice by 6.8% to 17.0% as compared with the conventional fertilization treatments of comparative examples 1 and 2.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method capable of improving the yield of paddy rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) returning all the rice straws to the field, and applying the soil conditioner for the cold waterlogged paddy field in a scattering way;
(2) turning the soil, forming ridges and making furrows, setting the width of the ridges to be larger than that of the furrows, and applying a chemical fertilizer into the furrows;
(3) and two rows of rice seedlings are planted on the ridge surface of the ridge and are respectively arranged on two side edges of the ridge surface to form a wide-row and narrow-row alternate planting mode.
2. The improvement method of the cold waterlogged paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridge height is 15-20 cm, the furrow depth is 8-15 cm, the ridge surface width is 40 cm, and the furrow width is 20 cm.
3. The improvement method of cold waterlogged paddy field as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said ridge is 20 cm high and said furrow is 10 cm deep.
4. The improvement method of the cold waterlogged paddy field according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that said soil amendment for the cold waterlogged paddy field comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 47-52% of wormcast, 47-52% of humic acid raw material, 0.4-0.85% of calcium peroxide and 0.15-0.6% of decay microbial inoculum.
5. The improvement method of the cold waterlogged paddy field of claim 4, characterized in that the soil improvement agent of the cold waterlogged paddy field comprises the following components by weight percent: 49% of wormcast, 50% of humic acid raw material, 0.7% of calcium peroxide and 0.3% of decomposition microbial inoculum.
6. The cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method of claim 5, characterized in that the humic acid raw material is weathered coal or grass peat.
7. The cold waterlogged paddy field improvement method of claim 6, characterized in that the humic acid content in the weathered coal or turf is more than 45%.
8. The improvement method of the cold waterlogged paddy field as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the application amount of said soil improvement agent of the cold waterlogged paddy field is 1500-.
9. The method for improving a cold waterlogged paddy field according to claim 8, characterized in that the application amount of said cold waterlogged paddy field soil conditioner is 1540 kg/mu.
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